>> live tuesday on c-span. rod rosenstein speaks at the news em about the role of law, first amendment, and the mission of the justice department. on c-span two, a discussion on the backlog of immigration cases. at 12:30, a look at the future of college sports and the implications of athlete compensation. basketballclude

coaches and players, ncaa officials and the sports law experts. next, scholars review the recent talks between the leaders of north and south korea, and the implications of those talks for the u.s. and china. it is 90 minutes. >> i guess we are ready to get started. thank you for coming to this event. april 27, last friday, thesouth korean president declarations are a historical accord.

there is skepticism related to the path moving forward. will south korea be so eager to pursue reconciliation that president moon will be waiting to use his political capital to diffuse internal and external criticism. china has claimed to be instrumental in cultivating the dialogue.

will china be sidelined and become a bystander? bet importantly, what will calculationsmp's and will he meet with kim jong-un? these are not easy questions. we are delighted to have three to enlighten us on how we should interpret the outcome. joining me is a visiting scholar at georgetown university. he has served as a board member, including the commission on policy planning. from china.ctor

various advisory roles on northeast asia. least, keith, keith has been our teacher and needs no introduction. he has had a distinguished the senioring as east asia policy advisor for the chairman and later ranking u.s. foreign relations committee. we are going to ask them to make a 10 to 15 minute presentation

and we will open the floor for discussion. >> thank you very much. tom privileged to be invited speak about the current situation. it is a great honor. see, south korea security environments are not optimistic. we are surrounded by the four one. powers plus

you know what i mean. plus one is north korea. you can see the faces of the leaders. and those five guys, which is not the name of the restaurant, which is delicious. it is really scary for us. also before the two koreas summit, you can see kim jong's face and trump's face. kim jong-un is kind of an image of a burglar. and then of course trump, who is fire in fury. -- who is fire and fury. then we have a summit. and then south koreans

perception to kim jong-un, i can say, has been changed. you can see how handsome he is, how nice. and then also you can see president trump is smiling. this is psychological, maybe in the situation of south korea. as you witness north korea recently had several nuclear missile tests. north korea on september 9, they

argue that it is kind of a hydrogen. and then, 50 missile launches within just a year. and then in two years more than 30 missile launches, they practiced. in the situation, the military complex is quite likely. and maybe we can figure out why north korea would go for nuclear. is north korea was enjoyed the superiority, including military and economy. maybe they can say it political assault or ideas.

however from 1980 on there is a balance between the south and north korea was changed. obviously after the collapse of the soviet union and the eastern european bloc they have become way more isolated. confronting this kind of power transition, north korea made the big decision to go forward with nuclear. it's a kind of long story. another reason is to secure the survival of the regime. and also the strength and military balance against the south. i mentioned changing the power

balance on the korean peninsula and also to deny the policies and regime change. north korea was tenacious in building their military capabilities and also launched the icbm over the united states. however it has certainly changed. this compares the two koreas. , and also a lot how hard i worked. she said only 10 minutes, so please pardon me. this is a heavily fortified country. within 100 miles there are more

than 2 million armies there. and also this is the kind of history of north korea's provocation and the development of the north korean weapons and missiles. this is north korea's three generation of leaders. north korea's political economic system and how it works, and then, kim jong-un, now, focused on developing nuclear weapons. this is pictures of bombardment 's soil. korea and north korea, for the first time, on the soil of south korea, they bombard. this is how terrible the south korean situation is.

north korea's military strip. let me escape out of this. ok. south korea's policies, limit -- let me briefly introduce the policies. became the jae president, our conservative president always pursued a kind of peace. when people look at their policies in detail, they seem to -- in terms of south korea. north korea was hostile to the idea of conservative government.

jae's government paid special attention to the -- and the greater unification by peaceful means. this is the basic line of north korean policies. throughout the nuclear crisis on on the peninsula there are four kinds of ideas around or in korea about north korea's change. the first idea is the collapse school. the government represents the kind of idea. the second school is neglect.

i think the moon governments belongs in the -- course. even though many south korean , or maybe people in washington, d.c., they isieve the jae government inherited from kim jong-un. i can say the policy orientation is quite different from them, even though they embrace the policy idea. plus they are very cautious and they try to keep pace with the information. this is very different. they pay special respect to the u.s. alliance. i can say confidently this kind

of idea, because i'm one of the person who try to make a campaign into policies. i was one of the three members. i can confidently say moon jae's policies are different than the past. why did north korea change? problematic the isolations. china joined the sanctions. even though some don't believe china really, seriously. they joined the sanction club. china was quite serious, as far as i understand.

and this provides north korea with tremendous pressure. second is the international sanction and the economy, how it should be respected. north korea's likely to face tremendous difficulties in running their economy and kim jong's pocket in the future. which may threaten the legitimacy of kim jong-un. kim jong seems to have a countenance in north korean society and policies. and also it is the moon jae-in government to bridge the gap between north korea and the united states and even north korea and south korean people. and also we have new opportunities for south korea

governments to pursue a kind of peace and stability. we have a strong sense of urgency to denuclearize north korea and also north korea's nuclear development, very close to threatening the u.s. continent. united states paid more special attention to the denuclearization of north korea. trump is working on that quite seriously. if we just follow the conventional ways of negotiations, it's quite difficult to induce north korea into the negotiation table. the trump factor, i think, certainly works. even though many of my friends did not want to listen. trump is something different. no matter whether we like him or

not, this is kind of true. also as i mentioned, it is heavy stress. kim jong seems to have a dramatic change possible. he kept his cards in his pocket, so we will have to see the outcome of the north korean and u.s. summit. let me introduce moon jae-in's policies. if somebody wants these documents, i will provide them later.

thank you. give me 20 seconds more. water. thank you. there are three main parts in the south-north korean summit. first part is comprehensive and germanic improvement and development of our relationship with south and north korea. there are six detailed agreements. second part is the reduction of military tension and the removal of majors. we have to pay notice on north korea upon -- north korea's

subtly changing arguments or the announcement. they are saying they will abandon their nuclear facilities, but now, they change the deal, terminology is a little different. this is important. it means north korea may take -- tactics when he met president trump. -- sorry, i am getting out of my mind. we carefully watch over the vocabularies and why they change. is it a mistake or not? i don't think it's a mistake. it shows their kind of tactics. it's the one thing i pay attention to. third one is the establishment of a perpetual peace regime.

there is a regular summit they promised. there are also several measures to reduce. -- to reduce these three main parts. of kim'sevaluations new approaches. as many have pointed out, there are no details. position in the documents on the summit. considerablend of trust between the two leaders is

established. through the exchanges of their -- --th korea seems to have kim jong-un may be quite serious. negotiation with president trump. we may anticipate something positive afterwards. this is a sense of the leaders. we are not sure because we have not yet seen the outcomes. this is the situation. the north korean leader once hopes to shift the talks to political development.

kim shows his confidence on domestic stabilities. koreaprovement with south in the summit. the main focus is how to improve the relationship tween the south and north korea. certain regions -- the main focus is to build the relationship with south korea. this is what we observe. to strengthen the capacity left over for the u.s. and north korean summit. this is articulated by the south korean leaders. the south korean government particularly moon jae-in was giving the president -- was giving the credit to president

trump. we had no details or policies about denuclearization. everything left over for the u.s. and north korean summit. we can anticipate something good maybe. maybe better than we anticipate. hopes china will play limited roles. this is a kind of implication.

kim looks for the compromise. why giving up nuclear capability -- jong-un hopes to keep the nuclear capabilities in the past. summit, kim aims to change his image. also to reduce the pressure of the international societies. you can imagine how they plan to end the cold war.

between the soviet union and china. my last suggestion, give me one more minute. now? thank you very much. you are so generous. time is limited. north korea has several regions to adapt and broad approaches. utilize the moment. sure in detail about the

nuclear -- the denuclearization measures. our goals and strategies and capabilities to push the pressure until north korea gives up there nuclear weapons. differencese between the countries. the trump and kim denuclearizing north korea. to kim, the security of north korea is the most important agenda. i suggest we have to pursue threat reductions.

with peaceceed rebuilding. this is our dream. eitherorea may choose nuclear armament or stronger alliance. to prepare for the worst scenario. about ato think positive outcome and prepare for the worst as well. thank you very much. [applause] >> thank you dr. kim. now seems to be a good lead up to the role of the great powers. china's role please. >> thank you. good afternoon.

kim ando join dr. thanking the stimson center of the opportunity of exchanging views today. january, we have seen a series of fast moving diplomatic thes, which led to inter-korean summit. as always, there are different assessments of the same developments. kim and i are longtime friends. that does not mean we always agree with each other. [laughter] that somethinge really significant is going on.

exactly what china has helped to see -- has hoped to see. a softening of positions of all sides to solve the problems through dialogues and diplomatic means. peninsula is always full of dramatic events. after a year of missile launches there wasr testing, one section after another. kim kicked off the new year with celebrating the completion of his nuclear deterrent. north korea'ssed

interest in participating in the winter olympics held in south korea. there is always a case where developments are on the peninsula. the olympics were used as a vehicle to reopened up my talks. -- to reopen diplomatic talks. that led to a flurry of high-stakes diplomacy in the region. south korean envoys were invited to pyongyang. invited to a dinner hosted by kim jong-un. they came back with startling messages for an inter-korean

kimit and kim's offer for a -trump summit. trump immediately accepted the offer. china seemed not to be discernible. this sparked a flurry of worries where china might be sidelined. this was disproved when kim jong-un decided to pay a visit to beijing. his first ever foreign journey as the north korean leader from march 25 to march 28. this summit was widely believed a surprise meeting as it was

arranged hastily and announced only after the visit was completed. that it wasd was kim who wanted it after over six years of refusing to visit china. the excuse for the beijing trip was an easy one as he stated during his summit with president xi jinping that he should congratulate his reelection face-to-face. happened after whichs two sessions renewed his tenure as president.

the business implications went far beyond that. it happened before the inter-korean summit and the kim -trump summit. the timing spoke for itself. raised questions about what kim hoped to accomplish with this unexpected burst of diplomacy. ther years of threats, visit once again highlighted china's key role on the korean peninsula. it cannot be bypassed. it was a major development. two hads between the become increasingly strained.

help ined beijing's emerging from international sanctions. kim might have realized he could not survive a sustained economic squeeze. china is now the first country to be officially visited by tim johnson. -- kim jong-un. coming after years of unusually bad relations attorney the two countries, the summit represented a breakthrough in relations. the dpr press stayed silent on the nuclear issue, were or eight pages

dedicated to the summit in a newspaper. privately kim may not --bor friendly feelings although privately, they may not feelings, kimy had something to show. president xi jinping demonstrated that china had traditional ties and an enduring bond with the north and could not be marginalized. between north and south korea, the exchange of performance played a role in the forming of relationships.

the same also happened between the north and china. profile artistgh group to visit and conducted performances there. by theup was led international liaison department. highlighted the political mission set for the performers to create a word -- create a warm atmosphere as if nothing had -- as if nothing unpleasant it never happened between the two countries. secondly, that something important what happened on april the 20th. convened a january

session and announced that from april 21 on, it would terminate and would close a nuclear testing base. the major messages kim jong-un wanted to tell his people include, kim delivered the keynote speech to educate the north korean people that the time had come to rethink the country's nuclear status. north koreans have made significant sacrifices to develop their weapons and have tended to believe they are there treasured sword that could never

be placed on any negotiating table. the north korean leader needed to mobilize support her such a big change in such a short. of time -- in such a short printing -- in such a short period of time. pushing forward with an army construction and the building of a nuclear force. that solutions acknowledge the things in line have accomplished its historical mission and will be placed by an economy first strategy. north korea will single-mindedly concentrate all efforts on economic construction. the meeting decided to take unilateral actions to suspend

nuclear and missile tests from april 21 and close out the nuclear facilities. north dropped a demand that freezing its missile tests should be reciprocated by a -south koreaf u.s. joint military exercises. it seems that kim jong-un has to changeor decision course. i understand that many people in of thewn are skeptical recent developments.

i believe they have reasons to be suspicious. i tend to believe that something very significant is happening. ask whether north -- willll give up north give up nuclear weapons are not. process interactive depending on how the outside world deals with kim jong-un. it will depend on moves that are made inside north korea and outside north korea.

there are three things that we should follow closely. three major developments in my view. summits the trump-kim that will be held probably in june. if it happens, it will be a historic development between the u.s. and the dpr. will visit north korea probably after the kim-trump summit. will visitoon jae-in north korea. what will come out of the summit's, we will see.

they are veryat important developments to happen. >> thank you, dr.. we all have a lot of questions. we have another presentation. >> thank you and the stimson center. it is a privilege to be here. thank you to my colleagues for the excellent presentations. my comments are my own. recent events on the korean peninsula including north korea's participation in the olympics and the moon-kim summit are short and very. the summit between kim jong-un and president trump would be remarkable. the fact that in a technical sense the work continues. understanding the moon-kim

summit was the beginning. there are six initial points of or observations are questions that come to my mind. the central question is whether public optics associated ath the events are related to -- what are the respective definitions of denuclearization on the part of kim, moon, trump, and xi jinping? how did north korea's biological and chemical weapons programs fit into the overall mix? what about short and medium range missiles? an observation is that leader kim and president trump share a which operating style, embodies a high comfort level with audacity and breaking with norms and expectations.

observation number five, president moon jae-in has engaged -- has shown a --ference for number six, it is clear that president xi jinping has directed china's increasing enforcement of sanctions in the recent past targeting north korea. while president trump's approach to north korea has been unconventional in comparison to past practice, the president brought his ceo skills to the oval office. like any ceo facing a major challenge, the president has been utilizing resources available within and without the administration. his intensity in pursuing a resolution is matched by president moon's engagement with the north. both of these dynamics exist in

the new reality of north korea ofsessing the capability hitting the united states with a missile. jae-in and kim jong-un understand the seriousness that a trump administration gives this capability. there is a possibility of a miscalculation on their part especially during the implementation phase of an agreement, which can result in u.s. military action targeting north korea. there are issues on the u.s. side related to a possible agreement with north korea. there will be officials within the trump administration as in past the ministrations. some appointed and others part of the bureaucracy who consider negotiation a settlement with north korea as a stretched too far.

in time, there will be a collapse of north korea's regime. consequently, in the event that president trump and leader kim reach any agreement, their respective willingness to implement the details may determine whether the korean war resumes. secretary pompeo who has invested heavily on president trump's behalf may be becoming distracted by other world events. unless the administration appoints and it ministrations of the -- administration official theyersee the agreement, would also served as the president's envoy to the congress. maximumnistration's pressure strategy combined with the president's unpredictability have been primary drivers

contributing to china's now active role in the overall process as well as north korea's willingness to engage. leader kim jong-un exudes a greater level of personal and national confidence in his new engagement with other countries as a result of his ic bbm -- icbm capabilities. north korea as an authoritarian from has benefited inconsistent u.s. policy toward the country resulting from changes in administration as well as mixed signals or policy conflicts within u.s. ministrations. jong-un-il and kim became adept at calibrating north korean provocation and u.s. reactions. chinese officials discerned the degree and manner with which they needed to admonish north korea in response to the temperature level within the

united states executive branch and congress. it became clear that while china led the six party process, china's focus on regional stability versus the u.s.'s insistence on north korean denuclearization contributed to china managing the nuclear issue rather than a resolution of the issue. those days are history. it appears the trump administration will ratchet up its maximum pressure strategy to elicit positive behavior. chinese cooperation and sanctions enforcement will certainly have its moments. casualties of the overall sanctions regime and the maximum pressure strategy may be north korean citizens suffering from diseases and hardship.

the global fund to terminated its tv project. exceededjects requirements and 2010. shutting its north which may very well spread into south korea and china. humanitarian experts reject 120,000 new cases of tb and about 5000 cases of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis inside north korea on an annual basis. fund pull out, u.s. executive branch sanctions and other pressures on u.s. humanitarian ngo's operating inside north korea along with , a majorsanctions humanitarian crisis is stirring

inside the north with real implications for the people of china and north korea and south korea as well. negotiations may result in an agreement that is impossible to achieve during past u.s. administrations. an unconventional american later, president trump knows history will judge him to a significant to read -- degree by his handling of the north korea situation. his north korean counterpart is unconventional in comparison to his father in some respect as well, one being the allowance of the operation of hundreds of markets and development of a class of north korean entrepreneurs as his country transitions toward a market economy. there are endless issues beyond denuclearization to be addressed u.s. pow-mi issues,

human rights, reunification of families among others. resolution of all issues related to north korea is a long one. unless u.s. and north korean leaders are mutually diligent in the implementation of future be offnts, we will again course with unfortunate consequences, thank you. [applause] a big thanks to all of our speakers and i exercise the privilege is a chairwoman and i would like to raise three questions each for one of each of the speakers. for dr. kim, we know that president moon has been talking about engagement and improvement of relations with north korea. the declaration, there are references to economic cooperation. in your view, do you foresee this type of economic activity between north and south korea to happen anytime in the near future? for dr. ren, we know there is

news about chinese foreign minister will be visiting north ,orea in about two days actually less than two days. he is rumored to be in north korea to discuss with the north koreans about the president's upcoming visit to north korea in june. could you tell us more about this upcoming visit and what is the implication and what is the significance? keith, we know that the talks advocated for gradual reciprocal side-by-side approach to the denuclearization issue. what other different factors this time around would give us confidence that north korean leaders this time will give us hope about their genuine commitment to denuclearization?

thank you. dr. kim? in the documents of the summit and the south korean north and, obviously, south corporation is important especially to the economy. however, the south korean government is very cautious in implementing economic cooperation because of the existence of the international sanctions and also solidarity with the international society. this is quite different from what was mentioned. you have a kind of, a little bit thinking in the

government. they pay respect to the solitary tea of the international society and will be very cautious and they want to show kim jong-un on the breach that he is new. it's a new korean economic plan. we -- we prepared a lot how to support north korea, and what we can do. in various ways. basically we had eight types of economic plans, so china, in siberia. ands and also siberia including the ocean but the key is the korean peninsula.

it's based on the plan. we explained kim jong-un. but we have been promised -- it how to implement -- it depends on the north korean summit. we gave the older fruits and something good to trump. if trump made a good summit, and we have a great plan to support north korea economically, this is the plan. i am not going to be surprised. the south korea government, not to launchr, their economic support for north korea but they will be taking a greater approach while keeping pace with international society. >> they are big tariffs but not

immediately. >> we have big tariffs. lots of things and we are willing to. but first you have to do what you need to do. this is our clear message. >> the visit to north korea? >> the announcement of the upcoming visit, he got promoted and became state counselor and foreign minister. the announcement of his visit is another example of the quickening of diplomatic efforts in the region by the different parties.

i think one of his missions is to make preparations for president xi jinping's visit later this year. this indicates that china wants to seize the opportunity. the momentum to push forward the process of resolving the nuclear problem through diplomatic peaceful means. i think china believes we have the opportunity. and the parties should seize the opportunity.

to push forward. the process. so it should be interesting to watch what will happen out of these visits. thank you. guest: >> thank you. keith? >> a key difference between now and the time when agreements were reached, north korea's missile capability, hitting the united states. this has the attention of president trump as it would have the attention of president hillary clinton or anyone else in the white house. if the point north korea -- at the point that north korea reached that capability, that would be a red line and needed to be dealt with. this requires the president to be focused on this issue in

terms of north korea. i believe president trump will continue to be focused on north korea. i believe he will continue to consult with south korea, china, russia. and japan. i believe this new capability on the part of north korea will make the difference. >> thank you. thank you for your answers. we will open the floor to q&a. please identify yourself and try not to make a long statement. just ask questions. please. yes, sir? >> thank you. global peace foundation. a quick scenario. the talks between trump and cam -- and kim breakdown over denuclearization. over the definition.

kim asks for the removal of u.s. troops. and the removal of the nuclear umbrella which has been north korea's past position. the talks break down kim turns , around and says to xi jinping and perhaps to mr. putin i tried , my best, i made a serious peace offer and the americans have continued their policy. -- they're hostile policy or whatever he would say. how can you continue sanctions on my country in these circumstances when i tried. how would china in your opinion, especially dr. chow how would , china respond to that? that would be a question for dr. young, please. i think china deserves credit for its long-standing efforts to

try to bring together different parties and find a way out for the past 20 years. donald trump is saying that he deserves the credit for the recent developments. let's say 50-50. [laughter] to be fair. china for the past two decades has been trying hard to induce north korean leadership to change and open up society. we tried very hard with some limited successes. it has been difficult as well.

and eventual resolution requires different parties to make their respective efforts. i think on the u.s. side you have a lot to offer to north korea. as long as they promise to denuclearize. i think china has many things to offer. north korea 10 get things in -- north korea can get things in return for denuclearization.

be it economic assistance, security guarantees. diplomatic normalization. and so forth. these are things they cannot get. the issue is that they have to denuclearize. i think the outside world should work together to encourage and induce them to move in that direction. that is what we should study carefully, what we should do.

>> ok. koreans have a kind of dna in the blood. always very sensitive. if china is too much, we are willing to fight back. we still want to have a cooperated relationship. china is huge. if we understand the history and the blood of koreans, i don't think north korea will ask the united states when south korea -- if the relationship between -- i don't think they will ask the u.s. to remove troops from the korean peninsula. if the relationship between the united states and north korea is hostile they are going to ask that.

if they think the relationship the united states presence in south korea will be for northwill be hard korea to deal with china and the united states. >> i want to ask simply, before north korea take steps, to denuclearize. assuming semi-north korea has suspended its missile activities, will china lift sanctions? >> i think to encourage them to move in the direction of denuclearization there are some things china can do. kim jong-un has announced that they have suspended the missile

launch and nuclear tests. for that, i think china can do something bilaterally. saying something like, you are correct in doing so. and we explicitly do some things to change those essential measures to some extent. so, i think the united states can do similar things.

to encourage that direction of denuclearization. in the next summit i think -- we should go back to september 19 agreement, which was reached in 2005. this remains a good deal in which different parties commit themselves to various steps in language the principle of action for action, word for word. this should be inherited for the parties to move ahead in the next months.

>> this is a question for any of the panelists. will you speak to the japanese strategy for involvement? thank you. >> anyone? japanese strategy? >> a good question. as you know japan has a direct , interest in the north korea situation. this has been a primary topic. it seems while some would suggest japan has been sidelined by virtue of the u.s. north

korea dialogue, i don't believe that is the case. prime minister abe is not a shy person. if anything, he may view the u.s. north korea approach as an opportunity for him, to japan to strike out in terms of what they might be able to come to an agreement on. >> dr. kim? >> i'm sorry. the korean perspective, they are -- the japanese strategy is at a crossroads. they are carefully watching trump's policies toward north

korea and whether they will have agreements. it's related to japanese national security. if you look at the japanese history, you can see who, with -- japan is right keen to the change of international order. you can see who, with what --you can see who, with what country japan allied and then it can tell you something in the future longer-term. this is the one thing. i want to point out that japan really wanted to have a relationship with south korea to deter china. certainly japan chose to the

, united states to only contribute in east asia to deter china. not korea. china is hostile. the japanese fear -- they are impulsive. i was in the team of south korea i can say it because i was on the team of south korea making the china policies. chip pan is the only regional great power to deter china. they try to strengthen their alliance with the united states to show to china how important the japanese are.

everything is indication. >> ok. we will move along with questions. three questions in a row. >> this has been a tremendous dialogue we have here. dr. kim i agree with you, there , is a china factor, and then there is an american factor. without trump's high pressure diplomacy none of this would happen. however, i am happy it is happening. we have an opportunity to go

somewhere as asia. however, it is difficult for me to confident about mr. kim's determination. is he going to give up his nuclear arsenal? because of the past history, we do this: we do that, none of this came about. it is difficult for me. he has to understand one thing now that everybody in the world , knows who he is, what he has committed to, his back is against the world -- against the wall. he cannot turn around and say no,. he cannot say that anymore otherwise the whole world is , going to say this is the axis of evil.

so my question. -- >> i have a question. you said north korea has changed. do you think change is big enough for north korea? t? docdi >> another question. >> dr. cam, you mentioned north korea hopes china will play a limited role. no role in the peace treaty. can you talk about what does south korea want china to play in the organization of the korean peninsula? and what kind of road just china want in all of this?

same question for mr. booth. we'll of role does china want to play? >> a list of questions. maybe we'll start with dr. kim. >> i attended the international i told them china is like an ancient creature. >> large and extinct? >> no, no. can they survive? if it is so energetic, we start -- if the neighboring countries are afraid of them, it could be falling down. if it is so energetic, we start worrying because they approach what we are afraid of.

china played in important role during the crisis of the nuclear issues. china pays special attention to this is built -- to the stability. we appreciate the role of china. as -- i have forgotten your name, china did not really tried -- seriously try to resolve the issues. maybe because it is not in china's interests. china tried to maintain stability and then long-term denuclearization. they are facing different situations. the united states division in their navy plans, their strategies for the world,

president trump saying america first. then even though trump helps us thenresolve this issue next watch? what kind of vision is he going to provide? maybe more pressure because of the america first policies? what kind of vision will he play? this is what we are worried about. china is growing, this is the reality. so, we cannot get out the kind of inference from china. we are just adjacent to china and china is so huge, to disregard. then what china can play for the world. what kind of visions they can provide? this we cannot see. this is the world in gray. and the future of the korean peninsula.

watching theefully u.s. strategies, vision, maybe what you can suggest for us. this is the situation we are in between and we are watching over carefully. this is the situation. >> i think there is a possibility for c bid. as i put it earlier it will be an interactive process. there is a prospect for us all to move ahead. there is also a possibility that we cannot fill the mission -- fulfill the mission to denuclearize the peninsula. they are different

possibilities. we must work together to achieve what we hope. second, a nuclear free peninsula is what everyone wants. so, u.s., china, japan, russia, south korea we should all make , efforts. to bring about a denuclearize korean peninsula. everyone has a role to play. i hope the role is a constructive >> in answer to one. your question, i believe the u.s. appreciates the role china has played.

as i mentioned earlier it seems , that has been focused on managing the situation. we are now at a point where china could be very helpful and we welcome china's role. >> we will see if china is up for it. another round of questions. marvin over here and brian to him and sure. sorry. >> particularly reacting to dr. kim's comment about china being in the dna of korea and if north korea and u.s. relations improve, north koreans view the role of the u.s. forces may change. i was going to ask that question and you anticipate it me. can you elaborate on that? specifically can you see this

infecting at the center of trumps negotiations, putting on the table if we can develop a constructive relationship combat -- in my view of u.s. forces in korea will be different. >> brian. >> thank you. from voice of america. a two-part question. does this opening up on the previous question, china in the blood of korea, does this opening up of north korea offer an opportunity to be more independent of china? following that, would a more open north korea be undesirable anyway for china?

for example having less , influence, revealing a greater chinese role in the north korean program? thank you. >> my question is for dr. lewis. it is been suspicious there has been little talk about the detainees. it seems like with mike pompeo's trip, they should've asked what they make of that. my second question, where do you think the summit will be happening and why? >> we have five minutes for these questions. our panelists, do you want to start? >> on the subject of detainees i imagine this at the top of the trump administration agenda.

>> china is special. it has more authority. >> he is chinese. [laughter] >> north korea is independent enough. for many years they have been advocating. they have eliminated chinese from their language, and so forth. they do not want to be called by the major -- told by the major powers what they should do.

the question is not that north korea will be more dependent on china, more dependent on the u.s.. i think the question is that we need to bring about a different north korea. a changed north korea. a denuclearized north korea. for that everyone has something to contribute. thank you. >> chinese is in the korean dna. >> it is difficult for the western people to understand the kind of emotion in the blood of the koreans.

china has been a big country. they have been quite influential. we have learned from china a lot throughout history. of course they feel threatened when china became much more aggressive. so south koreans, they have a history of a long fight against china. they have maintained their independence. certain no house k --now hows how to do with china. the second point is, one of the korean newspapers had three -- had conditions suggested by

five the north korean side, one is the u.s. summit. among the five there is no suggestions of u.s. armies. werepeople wondered doubted the reliability of the documents. i fully understand it is quite possible. if you look at the region's, -- at the history of north korea and china relations, even through the cold war, there is a good relationship. it was quite short. they don't really trust each other because of the strategic interests. it's because of their needs. they tried to be close and help each other. if the conditions can change, i

then north korea will think differently. i show you the evidence. 2007, the foreign minister. came to new york at the moment. he made an important speech. if you allow north korea to produce nuclear weapons, this is we will have a special mandate to deter china in the north. this is like a joke but it is not. north korea was quite serious. north korea played the game. they know how to get the attention of china. they are playing the game. serve china's

interest at this moment and then north korea loses an important card to play. that is why it i think north korea would not use the card. which is the result. depending on the entire activity that you mentioned. impending on the relationship with china and the united states. entering very complex games. we do not know the outcomes. in the past everything is clear. , because of the clear line of ideology and the system. now it is mixed. so everything is on the table , like president trump says. china can say everything is possible. maybe north korea can also say we on the table as well.

this is the situation. >> this has been a lively discussion. i am sure everyone has more questions. feel free to stay on and get answers to the questions. please join me in thanking our panelists. [applause] thank you for coming. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] c-span live every day. this morning, american enterprise institute's danielle discusses the national security challenges like the future of the iran nuclear deal in upcoming talks with north korea. about theuthors talk

paperback edition of their book which includes new information about hillary clinton's failed 2016 presidential run. be sure to watch "washington live at 7:00 a.m. eastern this morning and joined the discussion. tuesday, at 2:00 p.m. on c-span, deputy attorney general roders in time -- rosenstein speaks. at 9:30 a.m., discussion on the backlog of immigration cases with the justice department executive office for immigration review director. at 12:30 p.m., a look at the future of college sports and the potential implications of athlete compensation. speakers include former ,asketball coaches and players ncaa officials, and sports law experts. c-span, where history unfolds

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