it completed. our teamas to get to work to get it completed. if you don't get the ball over it doesn't mean enough. thank you. congratulations to everybody in the room. >> coming up, a look at the . ..s.-north korea summit 7:30 our guest is michael o'hanlon. at 8:00 a.m., we talk to gary , former white house coordinator for arms control for the obama administration. 9:00 a.m. we hear from daryl , the executive director from the arms control association. he discusses north korea's nuclear capability. ♪

a long time in the making. president donald trump and north korean leader kim jong-un begin their summit with a handshake at the entrance of the hotel. both leaders are making their way home after proclaiming the start of a new era of cooperation aimed at ending a cycle in promoting security on the korean peninsula. we will spd urs talking a it and getting your reaction. you can call in now. phone lines, republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000. , ) 748-8002. you can also catch up with us on twitter and facebook.

a very good tuesday morning to you. 7:00 p.m. in singapore. jong-un left it too: 30 --at 2:30 local time. it is expected to be a 24-hour to the united states. the president expected to arrive at it :00 a.m. tomorrow morning. the president talking to reporters before he left singore. a 66 minute press conference. here are some of the headlines. trump says kim," will follow through on getting rid of nukes. "the washington journal," short on new pledges. the deal has few specifics.

the u.s. president says the leaders will meet again many times. from the left-leaning "daily nothing burger is their headline. fromis a few headlines ne organizations around the world. "prime minister all they expresses hope for resolution of north korea threat and abduction issue." "the korea herald" in south trump says can have hope soon.orean war will end

that summit beginning at 9:00 a.m. singapore time. 10 hours later president trump on his way to air force one. here is a bit from that 66-minute press conference the president held three hours ago. [video clip] the past does not have to define the future. yesterday's conflict does not have to be tomorrow's war. as history has proven, adversaries can become friends. we can honor the sacrifice of our forefathers by replacing the horrors of battle with the blessings of peace. that is what we are doing. that is what we have done. there is no limit to what north korea can achieve when it gives andts nuclear weapons embraces with the rest of the world, who wants to engage. chairman kim has before him an opportunity like no other. to be remembered as the leader who ushered in a glorious new and prosperity

for his people. chairman ken and i signed a joint statement in which he reaffirms his unwavering commitment to complete denuclearization of the korean peninsula. we also agreed to vigorous negotiations to implement the agreement as soon as possible. he wants to do that. this isn't the past. this isn't another administration that never got it started, therefore never got it done. chairman kim told me north korea is already destroying a major missile engine testing site. that is not in your signed document. we agreed to that after the agreement was signed. that is a big thing. the missiles they were testing, destroyed soon.

this is the beginning of an isuous process, but peace always worth the effort. especially in this case. host: we will be taking your calls on the historic u.s.-north korea summit. you can call in now. a are joined by john delury, associate professor at yonsei university. a sense of the mood on the ground in singapore as the summit comes to a close. it is hard to describe the mood. this is a global spectacle. it is a media spectacle. strange moments where, for myself, to actually watch this , toit i had to go, like you watch it on tv. it is happening here, is al not happening here.

are not directly involved. there is an air of excitement. all the tv's are shinthe same thing and everyone is trying to decipher what to make of this and what is the significance of it. president's press conference, we showed the president focusing on the agreement signed by himself in the north korean leader. what is your sense of what president trump leaves with and what mr. kim leaves with from the summit? guest: there are at least two ways to tackle this. we can talk about their interactions between kim jong-un and donald trump, and we can look at the text. is themportant press conference at the end. there was something a little wild about the topics that came out of that. if we focus on the interactions,

i see a breakthrough in terms of the relationship between the united states and the dprk. the approach the trump administration has chosen, going to the top and talking directly kim- we call him chairman but in north korea he is known as the supreme leader -- that allows for a degree of progress that is not possible when you slowly up the system. that is the correct approach when it comes to the dynamics of north korea. in our focus on denuclearization and eight shared definition of denuclearization, as important as that is, we can't lose sight of the other thing happening. kim jong-un stepping out of the north korean comfort zone, flying to singapore, interacting of state.al" head

going for a walk at night, learning about economic development as he and his officials e doing th be 70 china -- are doing vis a vis china. , while we keep focusing on our litmus test of dehumanization, we need to focus on the bigger picture of what kim jong-un is trying to do and how we can change relationships at a fundamental level. host: what does this summit mean , japan, china, and singapore as well? korea, theiruth response is very positive. certainly in terms of the south korean government. president moon released a positive statement affirming the

agreement. if we look at the text, south korea is not mentioned, but the -korean declaration is referenced in the u.s.-dprk joint statement. there are concerns about these developments breaking the alliance between the united and south korea. president tru's reference to wargames will add to that. the reaction is quite positive from what i can tell in south korea. government isan supportive. the way the trump administration moving is in line wi the wants.on seoul these developments could enhance relationships between the united

states and south korea and move where it isw era not holding back the north koreans, but transformed with those relationships to be something constructive in terms of reducing tensions and working towards peace on the korean peninsula. china is probably supportive. i don't think china is playing a spoiler role, but it is important the principal players, kim jong-un, donald trump, and moon jae-in, take steps to .nclude xi jinping china has historically economically, so much stake in this as well. it is important china feels included. japan has concerns, too. is failing toment find a way to contribute. it is mostly talking about its

concerns, getting other people to raise its needs. prime minister abe needs to open a channel with pyongyang as well so japan can contribute to the process. host: john delury associate professor at yonsei university in singapore following the developments this week. we appreciate your time. "thee taking your calls on washington journal." after about 10d hours. started at 9:04 local time with the handshake and left when mr. 2:30.ft at president trump holding a press conference at 4:30 a.m. eastern time. we will show you footage program.t our

line for democrats, your ller: good morning. with all due respect to the to, iman you were talking have to respectfully say the president of the united states got played big time. i drive overnight and was able to listen to everything in the letter they signed and the entire press conference the president did afterwards. the two of them sat down together. the young man, the 34-year-old from north korea, got up and walked away from that table with nuclear weapons intact. china has agreed to basically relax their trade restrictions on north korea. he sat down with a sitting president of the united states thethey agreed to --

president of the united states agreed to suspend the military training that was going on between the u.s. and south korea. all he had to do was sign a promissory note. that is all he did. 1.5 page document is nothing more than a promissory note where he promises to agree at some point in the future to disarm his nuclear weapons. that's all he did. that's the only thing he signed. the president of the united states, this guy who was supposed to be this great negotiator, just got played by a 34-year-old from north korea. host: let's show viewers the wording of that agreement. this is part of the agreement thatwas signedrosing the united states and north korea commit to establish new u.s.-northean relationships in accordance to the peoples of

the two countries for peace and prosperity. the united states and the dprk will join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the korean peninsula. april 27, 2018 declaration. completeng towards the denuclearization of the korean peninsula. the united states and dprk commit to recovering p.o.w./mia remains, including the immediate preparation of those already identified. the president talked a lot about that agreement and his press conference.

ronald, coldwater, michigan, ne for republicans. caller: good morning, sir. anelieve this is earthshaking moment in time. this is historic. this will give stability to the pacific. this will be aceful era of time for the oriental nations. i believe korea will reunite, just like germany did. communism ultimately will fail the cause of the economic of poverty, suffering, and brainwashing. we are entering into a new era of peace over there. all the fears we americans have is all nonsense, it is hearsay. the fact of the matter is donald trump is a down-to-earth

kind of fellow. he rules and speaks softly with a certain amount of intelligence and know-how about howdeal with pple and how to make certain treaties last. i really believe this is going to be a new era of peace. i have one more shout out -- independent. go ahead. caller: i followed it live. guys, the young one and the older one, the body language was nice, respectful. the first thing i saw in the screen, past president's not over --

not even a country, that is the theudice on the part of korean guy. as long as we united states respects him, that is what he needs. the rest of the process, trump gets something. this guy isking unpresidential. he was presidential. he is posturing. the handling was very nice. , heon't see this young man killed his own family members, for him and was a political thing. a nice-looking, beaming guy. a process.s is we will ha give credit to everyone who already on this process and see how it evolves in the future. it is for me one of a landmark political things in our time.

our first caller concerned about what president trump gave up, including promises to end war games cooperation with south korea on the yearly wargames. the u.s. it will and its south korea. president trump asking assurances what he would be willing to give to mr. kim. here's what he said. [video clip] pres. trump: at some point i have to be honest. i want to get our soldiers out. i want to bring our soldiers home. andave 32,000 soldiers south korea. i would like to bring them back home. that is not part of the equation now. at some point, i hope it will be, but not now. we will stop the war games,

which will save us a tremendous amount of moneynless we see the future negotiation is not going like it should. we will be saving a tremendous amount of money. plus, i think it is very provocative. host: we are taking your calls as the u.s.-north korea summit comes to an end. the president expected aboard air force one in the next 20-30 minutes. taking your calls, gary and orchar park, new york, line for democrats. caller: on the joint statement, the first portion, it says something about peace and prosperity. i would like to underscore prosperity. kim is giving up or planning to denuclearize providing he can get economic assistance from south korea,

china, the united states, and probably japan, and increase the standard of living for his people, and b ueconomy of north korea. that goes against the history of the western nations. north korea is still a communist, certainly a socialist, state. cuba,story shows, such as we put a target on any a target on any socialist state, and therefore try to start it economically -- starve it economically. i wonder how the western nations will decide, for once defying history, that we are going to do our best to make a communist /socialist state economically prosperous. that is my question. host: what do you think the

answer will be? how much help do you think president trump will get if he wants to work towards that? caller: well, everything is down the road. the relaxation or elimination of the sanctions against north korea and economic assistance starts to flow in, such as building up their terrible electronics system, thais what they need first and foremost. happens fromnce south korea, the united states, china, if that doesn't happen you will see kim resisting denuclearizing, and we wouldn't have an agreement. in order for this to proceed as i understand it, we are going to ave to help build up

communist/socialist state economically. i think that is a big question. host: here's more of the language from the agreement signed by the president and kim.r president trump committed to provide security guarantees to the dprk. confirmedim jong-un his commitment to complete denuclearization of the korean peninsula. mutualzing that confidence building can promote the denuclearization of the korean peninsula. the stated the following, an united states and the dk newit to establish relations in accordance to the desire of the peoples of the two countries for peace and prosperity. line for independents, go ahead. caller: i would like to start by saying i do hope that someday

this whole thing can be resolved. i will leave 12 grandchildren in this world, and i would like them see their grandchildren too. that said, this man has never kept his word. he is talking to never kept his word. this was nothing but a photo op. a nobelp wants to be peace winner because obama was. this man walked away with nuclear weapons. the united states gave concessions. this was a waste of time. ford orange, florida, lying for republicans -- port orange, florida, line for republicans. one more time, go ahead. caller: ok, i am so proud of president trump and thank the lord for that meeting which was fantastic. i am 87 years old.

i have been a professional engineer, professional cowboy, and award-winning author. in 2009 i wrote a book about the korean war called "the forgotte" i was so proud of the soldiers that put their stories in there that i flew to korea and gave the first addition to the president of south korea. a month ago i sent it to president trump hoping it would help with the summit. the greatestrough depression, the greatest world war, the korean war, in which i had three brothers serving, and several presidents over the last few decades. i r drea could solve that problem over there with some blank paper and a few like when i am

writing a book. i start with a blank page and begin to write. then i write an outline. that is what we have now. it is only as good as the people who sign it. host: the president talked about the importance of that provision, recovering p.o.w./mia remains from the korean war. can you talk about what that means to you? caller: the soldiers that put their stories in the book, this is the number one thing on their mind, besides the 30 died. the missing in action and remains of those they left minds.weigh on their i'm deeply involved with the korean war veterans association in the united states.most wonderful people in the world . lived through that

depression and world war ii. they served without any recognition for about 35 years. it wasn't even called aar -- they served without any recognition. for about 35 years it wasn't even called a war. i couldn't be more proud to be part of that generation. chicago, line, for democrats. caller: good morning, how is everybody doing? host: doing well, go ahead. caller: i listened to donald howp, the great negotiator, he was speaking about president please don't cut me off, how president obama made a bad deal with iran. you have to pull up what president obama did with iran

and what this man did yesterday was i came over here, i saw you, i spoke with you, i shook your hand. maybe in the future we will get something done. at least president obama had shut downnuclearize, their nuclear factories, we were able to inspect before he signed off on anything. people talk about how president obama gave iran billions of dollars. if i'm not mistaken, that was iran's money he gave back to them. this man has promised north korea our money! one thing i hate about c-span, and i love c-span, you let people call in with no facts. up in your pull archive -- money to much of our

jew here the president promised to north korea? caller: all presidentmp is backward.etting us president obama, thank god for you. president trump, do what you are supposed to do. just do it. host: line for independents, go ahead. caller: oh, wow. down presidentit trump and kim jong-un only shows a great open dialogue that we haven't had for a long time. host: what do you think it will lead to, jeff? caller: it can only lead to more talks. in my opinion, -- i am probably one ofhe biggest realis when it comes to politics in general. this is the first time they have

sat down and talked. i believe good things will happen. it can only be good things when they sit down and make an agreement to work towards peace, instead of what we have been -- ing towards for the past host: did you want to finishm , jeff? for the past? caller: the past in general. we haven't seen kim jong-un's father or any of them ever have this kind of talks. i think it brings down a lot of tension to that side of the world where we could be paying attention to other tensions we have globally. economically --

,verything, i think kim jong-un they are looking towards the future. obviously, a nuclear war is t good for either side. pessimist. a like to look at this optimistically. let's look good on this day. with all the callers calling in saying everything about president obama and president trump, let's not compare this. let's look at this responsibly and work towards resolution. host: got your point. "the new york times" giving a running update on president time ind chairman kim's

singapore and talking about reporting back home in north korea when it comes to kim visitn's only the third outside hider of north korea north korea wasted little time on reporting on kim jong-un's most spectacular for an outing. dedicating the entire first page to mr. kim's stroll past landmarks in singapore on monday evening. when mr. kim met with leaders of korea, northth korean media reported on the events after they were over and to pyongyang.ed 2:30im leaving at singapore time after his meeting with president trump, though he did make brief remarks alongside

the president. here's a bit of what he had to say. [video clip] >> we had a historic meeting and decided to leave the past behind and are about to sign a historic document. the world will see the major change. i would like to express my gratitude to president trump to make this meeting happen. thank you, very much. host: it is good to be joined by michael o'hanlon, the research and foreign policy director at brookings institution. what is your take away from this summit as it comes to a close? guest: it is ok. it is obviously not a specific plan. not even the outlines.

at the high level of oratory and vision. that is ok because there is a near-term follow-up. couldms of things that have gone wrong, youou have had acrimony, different expectations, where president trump gave away too much. we have heard him say he is not that committed to the alliance and wants to bring troops home. he said that again but did not make plans to bring them home precipitously. the biggest exercises are the least important for our military. the most important happens in smaller units. what he gave away was modest. what he got was modest. there is a near-term plan to resume serious negotiations. we can't let is high level glad handling no one

indefinitely while the north koreans keep building bombs quietly in their basements. that is the one worry i would have. host: what did he get? guest: nothing yet. we got the promise of a next step. we don't know if that will be viable for either side. three weeks ago when the summit temporarily blew up before it was put act together, the united states was insisting publicly north korea give up all its weapons in one fell swoop. anyone who follows north korea knows they spent decades to build up that program. he would be risking the fate of saddam hussein and gaddafi the realistic path forward would be step-by-step. the question is, can we get to a process where our concessions are modest enough we don't give soon, but bigtoo

enough that north korea once to play ball? host: what are you worried about giving away as we move forward? guest: for the u.s.-south korea a partialor denuclearization deal would be bad. complete lifting of the un ti retr korean steps that could be reversed. saying that we will let you inspect the shutdn our centrifuges and we have to lift the un sanctions, if they start treating, we have -- if they start cheating, and we have a hard time convincing the world those sanctions. you --ow comfortable are how confident are you kim jong-un will keep his word?

guest: i'm not confident at all. all he said is that he wanted a denuclearization. he meant the nuclear element has to and. denuclearization is a broader concept for them. it is not the physical presence obama's on the peninsula, it is the whole association. they are not going to give up butr bombs, ever perhaps, not until they get the big change that involves loosening sanctions, warming of ties, maybe an ending of the nuclear a alliance. what came out of the summit was not back. the next step is credible. host: the next step is expected to be led by mike pompeo and irrelevant high-level north korean official. what are your thoughts between the differences of president trump's style and what mike

pompeo will have to deal with? guest: i'm not a big supporter of this administration, but i like the pairing of trump and pompeo. trump is attracted to historic imagery and secretary pompeo is an old-fashioned hardliner and strategist. and formally number one in his class at west point and a bright guy and could probably get into the nitty-gritty. i like the combination. we will have to see if mr. pompeo can be flexible. we keep using the terms complete verifiable, non-reversible, denuclearization. that will not be the near-term accomplishment. the question is, are we prepared to get down to work? canh specific concessions

we offer along the way? the process has to begin with a verifiable database on north korean production sites for nuclear material and long-range missiles. we have to have inspectors verify that the north koreans have what they say they have. -- the database on what is ther now. host: are those inspectors ready to go? we don't know who they would be. there are monitoring for the korean peninsula, but they have not been involved in the bottom inspections. the international atomic energy agency that used to verify -- we don't even know if that would be the group that would be given

access. it might be a different group. host: president trump and leader can meeting for the first time. the rest of the two teams at the table, how many knew each other from previous negotiations? aret: these relationships building in 20. john bolton had previousta with north korea 15 years ago. mr. bolton is a hardliner. it is not like he wanted to develop any warmer poor with the north koreans then. in any event, it was a long time ago. we are basically starting from a badh, which may not be thing. there have been important discussions of north korea's horrible human rights record. we have to keep that on the table, and we have to be prepared to see if we can start with a fresh page. frankly, you want to sometimes

suspend your memory and see if we can start a new. young leader who wants to be in positions of power for decades to come, presumably wants to see a better life cell for himlf, his cronies, and maybe his people. he has an interest in turning over a new leaf. he doesn't want to do it too fast because he doesn't want to lose control or start a revolution. be a bitforward will difficult and unprecedented. host: michael o'hanlon with us half hour.t republican, good morning. caller: i have a comment. can we agree this is history in the making? the people on the left, in my honest opinion, no matter what trump or his administration

does, they are not going to give him a break. they're going to fight him, they are going to badmouth him, they are going to obstruct everything he tries to do. my father served in korea. anm thinking maybe this is open door to a very good situation that could come out of this, you know? i don't get why these people are not going -- like i said, no matter what this man does they are not going to back him. that is all i've got tsay. too.: i am hopeful, i'm not going to get into a discussion of president trump critics.s political i tend to be a critic myself. i agree with you, there is reason to be hopeful here. that we have president trump going for the lofty vision, and the hard knuckled secretary of

state mike pompeo next to him, i think this combination suggests we are going to, be serious about doing this the right way or at least attempting to do with the right way. there is no guarantee we could get to a good deal. i would not trot out the word historic yet, but i agree with your hopefulness. host: line for democrats. good morning. negotiated on the treaty with the soviets when i was a democrat and served on the savanna river nuclear board. one thing we have to go with is some of the side effects we have in america. one of the things we've got to also have is expertise, people who know what they are talking not just rhetoric. we have to consider the racial issue.

my brother served in korea and is now a veteran of the korean war. that was during segregation. we have to have a new page, new players. if psirumpanted to be honest about what he is saying, me as a person, i can understand and support. until that time, i have to think about it. fair point.er there are questions about what comes next. we know this was a first sp. there is a long ways to go. i would have been worried if we tried to achve too much in one summit. the only way to do that would be to take huge gambles on making a bad deal with insufficient preparation. we are nowhere near the finish line. to celebrate too soon would be a mistake. , and i think the trump administration has taken this process fairly seriously.

i know a few people that are , some of the people in washington, they are good hard-working people. there is some expertise, but that is no guarantee of success. host: president trump committed to provide security guarantees to the dprk? guest: we don't know what it means. it could mean a peace treaty, ending the formal state of war that is suspended by armistice. at h been the case since 1953. wouldr the north koreans find a peace treaty enough for would be debated. -- a major reason why we

wouldn't want to because a lot of our friends would be in any such peacekeeping force. maybe that could be involved. the idea of reducing further our troops or suspending these military exercises could be part of it. it is more than amorphous concept. how can you guarantee a nuclear superpower that you could never country?her small we have the capacity to do that militarily. we are not going to give up th capacity. isoing toe an ongoing treaties,igning giving international promises, maybe deploying a peacekeeping force. all these things together will not add up to a literal guarantee. over time they could begin a process. where we are now with vietnam, in the 1990's we normalized andtions with vietnam

ended up in a friendly place 20 years after the vietnam war. is the time horizon we need to create the sense of a meaningful security commitment. maybe less, but that is the way i think of the process. host: michael o'hanlon of brookings institution. looking for your tweets. @cspanwj is the handle. nobel peace prize on the way, congratulations president trump. a different take, trump was played. he ran on being a great negotiator, but gave away the optics of the summit meeting and conducting military exercise for they promises and no timeline for north korea action. sandy, a republican, good morning. caller: good morning.

i am calling because my father was in world war ii and my father was in the korean war. thank god for president trump --i can't say it right. there was a caller earlier that said president trump did not give him no money. president trump is much smarter than obama. obama gave iran all of our billions of dollars. that is a known fact. god bless president trump. i will vote for him again. i don't care who knows i won't. prize. need the nobel he deserves it if he gets it through. anybody that has ever got one, he deserves it. i love him, and i will vote for him. thank you, and i love c-span. host: can you compare what

happened in the last 11 hours to the early stages of the iran nuclear deal? guest: more wh wmentioned president trump and president obama, more of the way president obama came into office for stop his first inaugural speech he said we will reach out our hand to anyone that will unclench their fist. he was looking for the detente trumpresident delivered. in a funny way obama and trump working together, if you take a big enough historical sweep. obama laid out the vision. he wasn't able to find a formula. kim jong-un wasn't the leader of north korea when obama began his presidency. it was his father. by as already weakened stroke. the process didn't get momentum in the early obama years. it wasn't his fault, it was

where we were in history. trump has found a moment to test this proposition that obama reached, that we should out a hand to a country that might unclench its fist. we are a long way from any firm peace prize, any troop reduction in the north korean threat. let's not do too many celebrations in the end zone yet, though i support the process underway. host: go ahead. caller: i would like to say, thumbs-up for donald trump. no otherne something sitting u.s. president has been willing to do. but he very busy man, was willing to travel to the other side of the world to accomplish peace with north korea. , nowre at war with japan we are friends with japan and have military bases there.

we were at war with germany, same thing. we have military bases there. i'm calling on the democrat line, but i voted for donald trump and will vote for him again. a friend of mine that is deceased now, we talked about this 18 years ago. if donald trump ever got elected, he would earn things around. there is no way he can't. host: why are you still legit regret? -- why are you still a democrat? caller: i am more towards the independent side. pretty democrat, but much obama changed me about that. i wouldn't call him a democrat, i would call him -- i won't say that on the air. he was not on our side. i don't know how he got in there, but he was a fox in the hen house. host: republican, go ahead.

caller: yes, sir. thank you for taking my call. it seems our guest is fair. with 18rump started off opponents in the primary for republicans. 18.ent through all everything he has done up to today, they have doubted, they they haven'town, given him any credit whatsoever. now he is in north korea, singapore talking to north koreans about peace. it is wonderful. the guy credit. give credit where credit is due. host: is president trump getting

his due credit? guest: i think he has done a reasonable job so far. i do want to remind the last two colors that north korea is not japanat germany and became in 1945. the occupied those countries, turned them back into democracies. president trump knows this is a brutal regime that imprisons tens of thousands of its own people. kim jong-un had his half-brother assassinated. we should not think we are dealing with a nice guy or that he has made a decision to become a democrat. it will take wk to push him in the right direction. i welcome this first step. i am a long way from celebrating a peace deal or denuclearization deal. host: on the human rights issue, this is president trump from earlier today. [video clip] it wastrump:

discussed briefly compared to denuclearization. that is where we started and ended. they will be doing things. i think he wants to do things. i think he wants to. you would be surprised, very smart, very good negotiator, once to do the right thing. he brought up the fact that in -- past they took dialogue they never were likely were, there has never been anythi like what has taken place now. they wt wn the line. billions of dollars was given. the following day the nuclear program continued. this is a much different time. this is a much different president, in all fairness. it is important to me. host: at what point does president trump push it stronger and then perhaps he pushed it in the last 12 hours? guest: i think the way he handled it was correct for today. it has to be on the agenda but

higherhowstopper to the agenda, which has to be nuclear weapons. you can never have a fully normal relationship with north ,orea all they have theom the nuclear weapons, and the prison systems they do. we have to hold off until we see more reform. that could be a fully staffed embassy in pyongyang. even if we formalize diplomatic relations, i would not provide large amounts of american development assistance until we see economic and human rights reform. things have to go beyond denuclearization. you have to get a sense that the society you are trying t help is capable of taking steps forward. otherwise you are reinforcing a system of heinous behavior you can't tolerate. as you get into possible economic development assistance,

those are the steps that have to be contingent progress t human rights agenda. host: michael o'hanlon of the brookings institution. it is brookings.edu if you want to check out his work. democrat, good morning. theer: president obama has iran deal with six other countries that trump claimed was so bad. yet, it seems like he is trying to claim success with less than what was in the iran deal. if the iran deal was so bad, a deal with north korea would have to include everything that was in the iran deal and more, otherwise it is a failure. he claimed the iran deal was so bad. also, i have never heard him explain what he thought was bad

about it. no one has asked that question and gone into full detail. he would just say it was the worst deal ever. guest: you make a valid points. what we have with north korea is less than what we walked out of with iran. inairness to president trump, though i supported the iran deal myself, at the margin he said 2 clearly about what he didn't like. certainy lasted for a amount of time in terms of most of the restrictions on iran's nuclear activities. and second, it did nothing to stop iran's broader destabilizing activity in the area. that we were allowing iran to access all of its money and international deals without curtailing its aggressive behavior that was costing lives throughout the region, even american lives in iraq, for

example. i would prefer to have kept what we had, because it was better than nothing. the iran deal is alive for the moment because other parties are trying to nurse it along. you could have a good debate deal.the iran president trump has established as a standard this north korea process has to produce something better than what he walked away from in regard to iran. that is a standard he has not yet achieved. i hope he can get there, he is not there yet. does michael o'hanlon, summit tell other nations, if they want respect to get nukes? guest: you have to deal with the world you are in and not imagine you can replay history. the trump administration has handled the last year on north korean policy fairly world.

haverms of what we might done differently we can have a good debate about that but it's historic at this point. not a current policy debate. should president clinton have negotiated the framework in 1994, deal that turned out to be flawed? i don't know. should president bush have ignored north korea walking out of the nonproliferation treaty? frankly mr. bush ignored a larger problem in north korea than he solved in iraq. we all had big debates on the iraq war. we can debate that issue as well. there probably were sterner steps we should have taken in 2003 in the bush administration to punish north korea more decisively for a step it was never supposed to be allowed to take. that is another way to go back and replay the history. in 2017, trouble inherited a situation where north korea had

20 or more nuclear weapons, carried out three tests in that same time period. he had to move forward with that legacy and i think so far the steps here are hopeful that we are a long way away from a deal that needs anything. -- that means anything. host: bill on the line for republicans, thanks for waiting. caller: isn't it true that iran put their money here and as part of a negotiation we are giving it back to them? that we did not just give them money. being a christian it seems like evangelicals congress and senate are praying to the devil so that god can hear their prayers. at the only problem i see is you can't bankrupt your way out of north korea. can't bankrupt your way out of iran. you've got to negotiate and i think you've gotten the -- you've got to learn how to read before you negotiate.

host: can you bankrupt your way out of north korea? guest: you are right about iran's money being its own money . but we gave it access to that money after sanctions curtailed it. there is good debate about whether we did it too soon. i would say we did not have the opportunity to do a perfect deal. i would have preferred a tougher harder line in those elements of the obama negotiation on the iran deal. it was their money. they are also killing a lot of people in the broader middle east with their regional venture is him. the way iran is behaving in the broader middle east is not necessarily consistent with what we should expect out of them if they will be welcomed back into the community of nations. you make valid points with north korea. their human rights record internally is probably worse than the way iran treats its own people. we've got to keep that in mind as well. host: last call for michael

o'hanlon. line for independents. go ahead. caller: i think it is wonderful what is going on. i'm not a big transporter. this kind of reminds me of rl war ii. and other different things. neville chamberlain waving the piece of paper. we have peace in our time. they did the same thing with russia and stalin turned on germany and germany turned on russia. i wish this of the best. i remember when the olympics were going on. the people that were really for donald trump thought it was terrible that they were allowing the north korean athletes to go into the olympics with the south koreans. that you don't deal with these people but now because the president is doing it, the guy they backed, all is good in the world. i heard with the gentleman said about the peace treaty because we are still at war. this is not going to

be like neville chamberlain coming back to england with the piece of paper going we have peace in our time and three months later -- you've got to give credit. the sng about this he wants to sit down with dictators while he's making our allies angry. it's a good thing but i'm going to pray and keep my eyes and years open. thank you for all you do. got to love c-span. guest: i think that was a nice call to finish on. hopefulness and skepticism at the same time. that is a good combination when dealing with north korea. leave aside whether you like president obama or resident trump more, chairman kim is not known for his honesty or . will have to do a smart deal and verify it every step of the way. i think the next question is going to be can we get to a verifiable declaration of all of north korean nuclear capability

for producing more bombs as well as longer-range missiles and work toward shutting that down, even if north korea holds onto exti bombs f a while, we have to prevent ifr expanding that arsenal and testing the arsenal. the tests of been semper error lay suspended -- have been temporarily suspended. going to have to give concessions to get the.that is d host: michael o'hanlon research and foreign-policy director at the brookings institution. guest: my pleasure, thank you. host: we cti take your calls on the washington journal, getting reaction to the u.s. north korea summit as it wrapped ago, abouto hours three hours ago. president trump wrapped up his final press conference expecting to be according air force one any time to head back to the

united states. about a 24 hour trip bk to t mnited states with stops in gua and hawaii. headlines from front pages viewers are waking up to. from the new york times, talks put aside as trump and kim meet to end crisis in historic face-to-face. handshakes and hope for a deal. one more to show you. the washington times. unlikely dialogue. leaders agree to overcome tough obstacles. work toward a deal. we will keep taking your calls as we take viewers to boston. gary seymore joins us from a former white house cornet or for arms control from 2009 22013, now with harvard. you have been directly involved in negotiations with north korea .or about a quarter century are you prepared to call today a breakthrough when it comes to u.s./north korean relations?

guest: i think it is too early to call it a breakthrough. i think it is the start of a process. kim jong-un has made general commitments as his father and grandfather did before him. all of those commitments turned out to be not valid. either the north keans lied or never carried out commitments. the question is whether kim jong-un is different. whether he is prepared to take steps tord nucar disarmament . we will find that out in the course of the next months and yes as secretary of state pompeo tries to put some flesh on the bones of this joint andunique which is general lacks detail on timetable phasing reciprocity, verification, all these critical issues which were not result in the singapore summit itself. host: here are the bones of that agreement.

president trump committing to provide security guarantees for north korea. the united states and north korea committing to establish new relations in accordance with desires of the people of the two countries for peace and prosperity. the united states and north korea will join efforts to build a lasting and stable p regime. reaffirmed north korea's commitment to work toward a complete denuclearization of the korean peninsula. at the united states and north korea commit to recovering pow mia remains including the repatriation of those already identified. negotiator any u.s. understand about north korea when they sit down & a document with those specific commitments? specific areas of commitment? guest: i think the biggest challenge for secretary of state pompeo, north korea has not been

has notrelinquish -- been willing to really push completely their nuclear program. they have been willing to accept limits on testing and production of some matial. but they've never been willing to give it up completely. the question is whether kim jong-un is different. whether he is actually prepared to give up that capability in exchange for security assurances , lifting economic sanctions, economic cooperation, trade and investment, and so forth. i'm skeptical but we will have a chance to see whether or not he's willing to take steps to limit the program. in particular, any agreement should begin with a north korean declaration of their full capabilities. their stockpile of weapons, production facilities. on that basis, you can begin to discuss a freeze of further production and a reduction of existing capability asked steps toward elimination.

we will have to decide what we are willing to give north korea in return for e initl steps. that will really be the guts of the negotiation that secretary of state pompeo will be engaged in. it could easily take a few years before we see an agreement emerge. the 94 agreement that i was part of that took 18 months to negotiate and another year to negotiate the implementing agreements. i think we are looking at a protracted, difficult, complex negotiation. think it is good that president trump has personally invested in this process and he may very well need to meet or talk directly with kim jong-un in order to break deadlocks along the way. host: at what point do you think you will see the first sign of whether north korea is serious about this or wther they are slow playing this or using one of the strategies they have used

in the past? guest: i think we will have to see how long it takes to complete an agreement. i noticed in the joint statement there's no deadline whatsoever. the agreement talks about subsequent negotiations. proceeding in an expeditious manner. expeditious is one of those big words that has no concrete meaning. i think the u.s. wanted some kind of deadline like six months to try to achieve negotiations but the north koreans were not willing to accept that. we're back here in nine months from now when we really have not made progress in these negotiations to specify an agreement i think president trump is going to have to get personally engaged to speed things up. host: gary samore is with the kennedy school of government at harvard university joining us from boston. former white house coordinator for arms control and weapons of master structure and from 2009

to 201 taking calls this morning in the wake of that agreement signed in the wake of the a stork summit. teresa is up with you from dandridge, tennessee. a republican. go ahead. caller: good morning. all these people calling in about obama and obama's iran deal, they realize obama is not president. he is not the president anymore. donald j trump is. making the comparison between the iran deal and this ,egotiation with north korea donald trump did not send a plane load of cash to north korea. he did not break the law by going to banks and trying to into breakingm sanctis with iran. i want to know why nobody has rights up the human

problems that still exist with in when obama was secretly negotiating this deal. obama did it all in secret. nobody knew about it. making this backroom deal, secret deal. st: terry said, i got your point. gary samore, do you want to compare the agreement we have so far with the iranian deal? guest: of course we don't have a north korea agreement yet. all we havis aneent to seek an agreement so it's impossible to compare of future north korean agreement with the iran deal that president obama negotiated because we don't have a north korean agreement yet. the iran deal had strengths and weaknesses. it had a good verification system, a good mechanism for imposing physical restraints on iran's nuclear activities but

those restraints faded after 10 to 15 years. one of president trump h main objections is that it did not have permanent constraints. when he withdrew from the iran deal he said he wanted to achieve a better deal with iran that would have, in perpetuity, constraints on nuclear activities. i don't think iran will agree to that. that is president trump's policy. with respect to north korea, we don't have any indication of what an agreement with look like because there's nothing in the -- thatatement that woulds would specify details. al vue commitment okim jo-un to "work toward complete denuclearization of the korean peninsula." we don't actually know what that means. secretary of state pompeo's job to define precisely what

restrictions north korea is willing to agree to accept for its nuclear missilerogram and how those restrictions will be verified and monitored. those will be huge challenges. we've learned over 30 years of negotiating with north korea that they can't be trusted. they cheat and renege on commitments. i think the north korean government in the past has fundamentally resisted accepting elimination of their nuclear missile capabilities. host: a few more tweaks this morning. the conversati on -- a few more tweets on twitter this morning. my fear is chain of command on both sides may fumble the ball. carroll writes, can't we feel better about syndication with north korea? none of us want a war. we also want to hear from you this morning. .epublicans, (202) 748-8001

kratz, (202) 748-8000 -- democrats, (202) 748-8. independents, (202) 748-8002. cindy is a democrat. caller: a couple of things. you can have details and put out bullet points so the skepticism about what this is i think is correct. i have to say after listening to don'tmore i'm so glad you have anything to do it policy anymore. your policies are what got this country into trouble to begin with. of course you always blame the other countries. as far as your other color who said it was president obama and its different, opening of the trade is the same as sending cash. you know who your partner is before you do those kinds of things. without being over there with them being here you can really

know because everyday life determines that kind of stuff. so you are opening up a can of worms and you don't want to end up with another agreement like the iran deal. host: gary samore. guest: i agree with the caller that any agreement with north korea will include economic rewards. i think that is kim jong-un plus primary motivation to accept limits on his nuclear missile program in exchange for an opportunity to reform and strengthen the economy. most of that economic cooperation and assistance will come from south korea and china and maybe japan. certainly the lifting of economic sanctions and opportunities for trade investment from u.s. companies will be part of a final agreement. i don't think there's a great interest on the part of u.s. industry to invest in trade with

north korea. in terms of making it possible for other countries in the region to engage in economic cooperation with north korea, the u.s. has some ability to becausete or obstruct of the un security council resolutions which have been passed by the last couple of administrations includg president trump. there will be a financial element of any agreement and that will be critical from the standpoint of kim jong-un. host: the caller bringing up the details. can you talk about the details of what you saw from the summit from a diplomatic perspective. what intrigued you when you saw these world leaders meet? guest: i thought the body language was positive. both leaders and friendly. i completely agree with the earlier caller that we are on a more positive track now with

negotiation process as opposed to exchanging personal insults and threats of war. this is an encouraging development. i thought we saw the team on both sides, both on the north korean side in the u.s. side. i thought it was curious that the joint statement identified secretary of state pompeo as the lead u.s. negotiator but on the north korean side they said a negotiator to be named, which struck me as curious because the north korean foreign minister, mebody dealt with in the 1994 negotiations, a very capable negotiator. i was surprised he was not named as pompeo's counterpart. it makes me wonder whether kim jong-un has not yet quite inided what team to field this negotiation. it will be important to sort that out. we can't begin negotiations

until we have a north korean counterpart. how much of the host: team you saw that was at this meeting at this lunch, how many of them were new faces to american diplomats? side, thethe u.s. most senior officials have been brought in by president trump so secretary of state pompeo, national security advisor bolton, chief of staff john kelly. then you have invested her son kim, an experienced diplomat who's been involved in years of negotiations with north korea and who was involved in actually negotiating the joint statement for the comnique. asiaenior nsc director for and is highly respected. i think you got a good team on the u.s. side. secretary of state pompeo will have to pull together an

interagency team with nuclear experts, sanctions experts, security experts from across the u.s. government. it's very important that any negotiation be based on an interagency team with representatives from state department's, energy departments, cia defense department and those people will have to work together for months, if not years. that is the only way you can achieve on agreement in these complicated and difficult negotiations. host: here's a few more details about as served at that lunch, the meeting between the two world leaders. they had shrimp cocktail. octopus, cucumber, beef short ribs potatoes in sweet broccoli. codfish,e, soy braised a fewhocolate --

of the things that were on the menu at that meeting from the report that came out. a busy overnight for the pool reporter following this. taking your calls as we wrap it up with gary samore of the harvard kennedy school. a former white house court nader for arms control from two dozen nine to 2013. reginald is waiting in houston, texas. blessed are the piece keepers. dr. martin lutr king it goforth 1967 said that america was the biggest purveyor of violence in the world. if we don't want to be terrorized we have to stop acting like terrorists. -- we are the ones who went in iraq, went in and kill the bunch of people.

did not apologize for that. we went over in libya and did some things now we are in yemen. we are the only one to use weapons of mass to structure and but we don't wa people to have weapons of mass to structure and we should not have weapons. evwe should be a uri -- the sharia unilateral -- a unilateral peacekeeping. and a number of other countries have nuclear weapons dating back to the early days after the second world war. commitments itde is eventually willing to give up those weapons but for the time being i think unfortunately the u.s. and its great power rivals in particular russia and china all have nuclear weapons and

there does not seem to be much way forward to make further reductions and eliminate nucar weapons under current international conditions. i agree with the caller that we are in no moral position to lecture other countries about nuclear weapons. we invented nuclear weapons. we use nuclear weapons against the japanese in world war ii. we have a robust force we are modernizing and unfortunately that is just a fact of life. in international relations. i don't think you are going to see the complete elimination of clear weapons anytime soon. host: and that in michigan line for republicans. good morning. caller: i just have a comment about donald trump and some of the credit he does not get. , think maybe his past history and he has relations with some of the leaders of different

from other negotiations in real estate and things that maybe have given him a way in to make these deals and try different ways and. i think people should give him credit for that. trump i think president is trying an unconventional approach in his negotiations with north korea. , and this goes to clinton, bush, and obama, the last three presidents before trump, had tried a more conventional approach of working level meetings to come up with an agreement and withhold a summit meeting which the north koreans have desired, until we had a concrete agreement to announce. president trump has turned that process on its head by starting with a summit meeting and then using that to kickstart these negotiations on

a detailed agreement. we will see whether or not it works. it makes sense to try a different approach since we have 30 years of failed diplomacy with north korea. i think anyone can say the conventional approach was terribly successful. whether president trump's unconventional approach produces positive results is too early to tell. host: kim in connecticut. line for republicans. caller: i am very hopeful for this attempt to make an agreement with north korea. i think being straightforward and using clear precise language will make sure it works for us. contrasting it with the iranian , first of alla should have been a treaty. international agreements or call treaties subject to the senate. high counts of agreement to it. an executivet

agreement that it became an agreement and then a deal. kerry lied to the american public and said here's the , the terms of the deal. iran came back and said we did not agree to that. we did not sign it. they got hundreds of millions or billions of money that we really should have cap because they invaded the .merican embassy people in the embassy for one .ear and kept as hostages by theed to us globalists. guest: secretary of state pompeo has already testified to congress that any agreement with

north korea will take the form to bereaty which requires ratified by the senate by a two thirds vote. one concern i have about that is it is going to add some additional period of time before the agreement is executed. let's say it takes nine months or a year or a year and a half to negotiate a treaty with north korea. it will have to be submitted to the senate. from experience getting senate ratification on a treaty especially if there's anything controversial, that could take another six months to complete which means north korea does not have to begin to until the senate has completed ratication. i think there's a real risk that the completion of this process will bump up against the end of president trump's first term. we could run into the election season before any agreement is

actually ratified and begins execution. host: we will let you check with as many callers as we can. robert, line for democrats. go ahead. caller: good morning to both of you. a former treaty inspector. i worked treaties for over a worke so i m samore for quite some time. i'm less confident the freedom caucus or that end of it would ratify and we've seen that over the years with basically any treaty. they bring up the sovereignty issue. ouruestion fo you, w past decade of experience with russia, cheating and bailing out treaty,ies, imf cheating on open skies, do you feel the on-site inspection

considering we have seen a lack of that out of russia? i just want you to comment on that. host: could you explain what a treaty inspector does and what treaties he worked on? i think robert hung up. gary samore, go ahead. guest: one othbiggest challenges for north korea agreement will be inspection and verification. up to now north korea has denied having nuclear facilities outside of itseclarecl nuclear centerhe which is the only location where international inspectors have been willing to go. we are confident that north korea has a number of undeclared or secret nuclear facilities outside of that location. there's really no way to verify

a freeze, much less a reduction of north korea's nuclear capabilities. so the north koreans will have to fundamentally changed their policy in order to make any comprehensive nuclear agreement ss that also goes for missile production facilities which have never been subject to international inspection. i think this will be one of the biggest issues that will have to be sortedut in any nuclear agreement with north korea. the history is not encouraging. i hope kim jong-un is willing to make a change from past practice but without that you cannot have a meaningful agreement. can you talk more about host: the announcement president trump made at the press conference about the commitment to the north koreans to destroy the missile testing facility? and how big of an issue that is. jong-un has declared

a moratorium on long-range missile testing h k is important to keep that test moratorium in place because it limits further embankment of missilerea's new where capabilities. north korea has destroyed the nuclear test site. he's destroyed one of the test sites may use to test missiles. i think these are important political gestures but they are not significant from a technical standpoint. north korea has already done so much nuclear and missile testing they don't have any immediate need to resume testing. they can always rebuild these facilities compared to nucleares that produce weapons these are relatively easy to read construct. i welcome the steps that have been taken but i would not overstate their technical importance. host: time for one or two more

calls. line for democrats, good morning. go ahead daniel. ,aller: what i want to say is we can scientifically step up the energy of a lightning bolt through solar power and wind power. water -- host: take us to the u.s. north it. caller: i'm trying to tell you how to eliminate national disasters. host: we will hold off on the topic for a little bit. we will focus on the u.s. north korea and summit. bruce, line for republicans. go ahead. caller: thank you for taking my call. i was wondering what the gentleman would say, because i just heard him say we cannot arsenal.clear

he doubts that we will. what guarantees do we have on the iran nuclear deal, since we could not inspect any of their military positions, that they have not gone any further with their nuclear arsenal? thank you very much. , in the caseof all of the iran deal, ghti thou there was a strong verification system which allowed for inspections outside of the declared nuclear facilities in iran. that system was never tested because the international atomic energy agency never sought inspection of military sites. the united states and european allies that negotiated the iran agreement all agreed military sites were subject to inspection at the request of the iaea.

there was a mechanism in place never tested. the second thing i would say, with respect to iran, we had extrely good independent to activity working with allies in the u.k. and israel and france and germany, we had the ability, separate from the inspection regime, to have some sense of what was going on through intelligence systems. koreaunately in north collection of information i more difficult. we will be more heavily dependent upon a robust and strong inspection regime. the north koreans have always been resistant to any kind of inspections outside of the declared facilities because they claim it would jeopardize their military security. this would be one of the most difficult issues for the

technical experts to work out in any nuclear agreement with north korea. talk with youn more about it later down the road. at the kennedy school of government, former white house court nader for arms control in weapons of mass distraction. we appreciate it -- mass destruction. we appreciate it. guest: happy to talk to you. host: getting your reactions after that historic u.s. north korea summit. theris the handshake. just after 9:00 a.m. singapore time when that handshake took place. hours of negotiations to follow and now bothrs back on the way home to their respective countries. president trump expected to be back at the white house around 8:30 tomorrow morning eastern

time in the united states. about a 24 hour trip home. stopped guam in hawaii along the way. we're getting your reactions. republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000. independents, (202) 748-8002. here is some reaction from members of congress taken to twitter. senator marco rubio of florida. president meeting with kim jong-un exposed hypocrisy of many in the media. when obama did these things he was described as enlightened. when trump does it is reckless and foolish. they attacked from for leading us towards war now attacking for being too quick for peace. staying with republicans for a second. the presidentying show true leadership in the meeting with kim jong-un. still early in the process but

the total denuclearization commitment from north korea is a huge deal. roger williams saying this could be a historic accomplishment and i know the president will do what is right for america. he has said he's prepared to walk away from north korea not serious. we will maintain maximum pressure on the regime until there is complete the. a few democrats tweeting. noting the president's comment saying kim jong-un loves his country very much. steve cohen saying loves him so much he has them impoverished and enslaved except for those he murders. saying if only barack obama -- wait, he did. i hope the north korea summit and north korea's nukes if not it is the biggest american foreign policy failure ever.

brian schatz of hawaii asking .hat did we get it looks like kim jong-un got all the stuff. does our stuff get announced in a few months? just some of the tweets from members of congress. north koreating cheating in the past when it comes to these kinds of deals. the president was asked about whether north korea could be trusted with the framework laid out in the agreement signed earlier today. here's what the preside had t say at his press conference. [video clip] >> they proceeded down a path in the past and ultimately nothing got done. they took aliens of dollars -- billions of dollars during the administration and nothing happened. he brought it up to me. he said we had never gone this far. i don't think big river have the -- i don't think they

have ever had the confidence. he was very firm in the fact that he wants to do this. i think you want to do this as much or even more than me because they see a bright future for north korea. you never know. we signed a very comprehensive document today. i think most of you have been given the document. we signed a comprehensive document and i believe he will live up to that. when he lands shortly i think he will start that process right away. host: that document calling it comprehensive included among its provisions president trump committing to provide security guarantees to north korea, the united states and north korea emitting to establish new relations in accordance with the .esires of the people united states and north korea joining efforts to build a

lasting instable peace regime on the korean peninsula. the united states and north korea are committing to pow mia remains including repatriation of those already identified and committing to hold follow on negotiations led by mike pompeo and a north korean official at the earliest possible date to implement the outcomes of this summit. take your calls. chris, thanks for waiting in nevada, the line for republicans. caller: thank you for taking my call. pound president trump's just a moment. fullyeve kim jong-un understands that the president

still will walk away from the whole thing, reimpose sanctions the second this does not go right. president trump has a sixth sense with regard to all of this business. he has zero weakness and complete conviction to put the sanctions back on. i will tell you this will succeed or it's over for president kim jong-un. host: james, new hyde park new york. independent. caller: thank you for taking my call. i'd like to make a couple comments on how this whole summit resulted. yearin september 3 of last .hey tested a hydrogen bomb after that there was a 6.3 earthquake along the chinese north korean border followed by

a 4.1 earthquake. after that the mountain collapsed on top of the nuclear test facility. , kim jong-un went to meet xi jinping in china. meeting withecret in april. april, news reports about this collapse. the facility was tried. hundreds of people were killed and there was one day of news. this is the reason north korea came to the table. this is why all of a sudden it happened. because of the failure of the nuclear test facility to be used anymore. not to mention hundreds of pe b killed. also, the fact that there is radiation leakage from the test site leaking out into the atmosphere. i don't understand why this is

not on the new cycle but it should be. host: at 9:00 we will be talking with daryl kimball, executive director of the arms control association. we will talk about what happened at that facility you refer to. north korea's capabilities in light of that incident. what the process is to denuclearize. join us for the conversation in about 15 minutes. horrible is in indiana, lior independent. orville is in indiana, line for independents. caller: gorbachev was not a killer like kim jong-un. these civiligs and human rights violations. if you fast-forward -- jimmy carter is one of the best negotiators. maybe we should have brought him into the -- to help.

eisenhower said beware the military-industrial complex. i don't want to give the military all they want. ey nwhat we need to ott ourselves. oppenheimer said way back when built, iar bomb was become a destroyer of worlds. i think we ought to bring jimmy carter back. host: al jazeera with a story out from earlier this week. how 11 u.s. presidents failed to make peace with north korea. some in the trump administration .ave the same thinking it is al jazeera.com if you want to read that story. eddie, baltimore maryland. democrat good morning. caller: good morning. this has got to be the weakest president we've ever had in the history of our country. a big photo op.

kim jong-un is not going to do anything and he's going to get everything. trump gave him the greatest opportunity of his regime historic.

getting a nuclear bomb. i feel likeame in the 60 days or 90 days these guys are launching rockets into space causing earthquakes. had a lot of power. orhas to either go to war talk with these guys. i don't think trump gave them an easy way out. i know you guys are strong and

could hit japan or south korea. i'm giving you an option to disarm what you have or i will do it for you. but ik they discussed it don't think president trump left it that open. sooner or later you have to get rid of your arsenal. host: a lot of smiles and ndakes we saw in the official pool coverage of that meeting between the president and kim jong-un. do you think there are less smiles behind closed doors and how you think negotiations go? caller: they're talking. communication is generally a good thing. good to be able to talk about it. president trump was able to. there has to be some kind of different. they were a threat. was enriching uranium. you have an opportunity to stop them early. give your economy in order hopefully by then -- it was a

good resolution to that problem. north korea's problem is active. they have capacity to cause a lot of damage. historically they might do it. if you want to give them anoppoe table first that is what presidentmp did probably saved a lot of lives by doing that instead of going straight to war but sooner or later they have to disarm. host: that is kevin in california. donna is in westerville, line for democrats. think trump is so good with his divisive personality for our country. work so well with allies. i'm looking at this openly. .s i hear all the information sounds hopeful while i'm still skeptical. so far done a better job over there than he has with the

allies of our country. it's good if you get something done. i'm glad he does not speak the language. sometimes he will act out of .motion and throw things off i'm open-minded. maybe he will do something good that others have not. i wish you would quit bringing up all of the other president. if he's so good does not need to brag all the time. host: can i come back to your comment about being glad he does not speak the language? do you think the interpreters help tonen or turn down the heat on the conversations they had? i'm assuming the interpreters work for him. that they are relaying what he's , but i do think it's easy

because of his communication skills. he's so easy to react to things there's kind of a buffer if there's an interpreter. us is trump or any of obama, trump or any of us is perfect. the interpreter can act as a buffer. this situation is different than dealing with allies or dealing with people on our own country where he knows he's very powerful. in this situation with north korea it's a different thing. withy act differently someone in this kind of a system . just like when he got into his bankruptcies and everything.

the banks said this looks like you're going to have to claim bankruptcy and we are never going to lend you anymore money. he had to act differently because he did not have the perceivedow. right now with allies in this country he acts in a way that he is all-powerful. host: as we hear from joe we will flip through some of the front pages americans are waking up to this morning. from papers at the end around the world. we start with the chicago tribune. history in singapore is the headline. joe in eastpoint michigan, line for democrats. caller: a couple of quick things. is dealingth korea not power.eakness, if they were a strong as everyone says they are there would have been knows it down.

can striken if you the united states and japan in the korean peninsula all at once. they are really week and we have overestimated not just north korea but china and russia and their reactions. the secondhings, why did ump not ask for the return of pueblop, the cleve -- the . 100 guys held prisoner, one died. they still have that ship. it's a tourist attraction in north korea. not a word mentioned. it u.s. navy cannot retire because it has not been home since 1968. host: what did you make about the part of the agreement that talked about the return of our remains of pows and mias? caller: i guess all of that is great but not a word about the pueblo. the

we should have gone in immediately and gotten our ship when they took it back then. we've overestimated them too long. i was curious as to why i never heard the word pueblo. host: i did not hear it during the press conference either or in the coverage so far. by the way if you missed any of the coverage or want to come back and watch it in its entirety without commentary you can do that at c-span.org. dominique, staten island, new york. you're on. caller: i'm kind of disillusioned with the reaction of summoning people about our president. he made the first step, took the first action yet you get so many people ridiculing him saying he should've done this, should of done that. deserves the nobel peace prize if anyone deserves the nobel peace prize.

, he is real. the first step of any successful situation starts at the first that. host: if this deal falls apart from here or get stalled will you be disillusioned? caller: he comes up front and says this thing is not going to work out and walking out. the guys telling you what he's .oing it starts with the first step.

making a lot of things, he should' done this, should've done that. the guy did the right thing. host: to joel, line for independents. caller: good morning. i'm a palestinian israeli. as growing up kid i watched between egyptian president and israeli president made in peace. today i'm watchi another history being made on the korean peninsula. peace is going to happen. that is the first step. i think the country should line .p behind our president he is doing a great job for the country. economically. all these ears the jobs were

taken away from them because of politicians taking their cut. this president is different. his heart and his soul is for this country. toray for him all the time have god to protect him from a lot of evil. that's all i want to say and god bless america. to sean insean -- nashville. caller: when it comes to america , i know they have short-term memory. i removed her when obama was in office if he would've done that they would have criticized him and the republicans were going to disrupt everything is going to do. when it comes to human rights, how can the united states even open their mouth when they killed a whole race of people

and then enslaved another and then want to holler freedom and peace. short-term memory. they went over and killed that man and that man did everything the united states to see what he was going to do. the united states only attack poor people. host: what advice would you give to kim jong-un? guest: if he is smart, he will keep his weapons. play along. the united states come all they do is lie. really? host: sean in nashville, tennessee. willcouple of minutes, we be joined by zero campbell the arms association director -- kimball, theyl

arms association director. here is president trump for -- president trump. [video clip] it takes a long time, scientifically, you have to wait fortain periods of time, but despite thatwant to start the process, it means it's pretty much over. that is the good news and that is going to start very soon. we will do it as fast as it as fast as they can mechanically and physically be done. >> the sanctions of? pres. trump: the sanctions will come off when we are sure the nukes are no longer a factor. sanctions play a big role, but they will come off at that point. i hope it is going to be soon. themk forward to taking

off and they will come off when we know we are down the road and nothing is going to happen. host: we are joined at our desk , the executivel dictor of e arms control asciio -- association. have you, how much closer do you think we are today to a denuclearize korean peninsula? john. good to be here, it is much better that the two are talking than exchanging threats of having nuclear --s is just the first threat the summit communique is basic and minimal basis for the further negotiations that secretary mom -- secretary pompeo are going to have soon to

hammer out the details of what denuclearization entails. how we can guarantee that security will begin airing tv -- how nuclear weapons it can guarantee that security uaranteed without nuclear weapons, that is hard work. it looks a lot like the thatnorth korea of 1994 halted plutonium production by north korea for eight years. it looks like the agreement in 2005 with president george bush. are there going to be real actionable steps -- that is the measure of success.

i'm concerned t specificity in the communique. it is understandable after meeting lasting only a few hours, it is not going to lay out all details. itnot clear yet wh denurization entails. it is not clear whether they agree on the pacing and sequence of the process. we cannot say, mission accomplished, yet. there is a long way to go and a good start. host: what arsometh de denuclearization that may be at odds? guest: the united states has made it clear in a number of statements that we consider theclearization to removal of all nuclear weapons of the stockpiles of material, nuclear test site

and a permanent end to nuclear testing, this man filling the reactors a filities used, united states to make sure that the scientist involved are not using their expertise in the future. the north ko slightly different definition. plus, u.s. as that military assets that could be used to launch nuclear weapons or tstrike regime in the strike and could that is what the north koreans are worried about. working off the first definition, you mentioned concrete actions. what would be the first couple

action steps that would be necessary for that to happen? guest: when need to look at this in phases. to make sures north korea has frozen its program. we cannot denuclearize if they are improving their arsenal. north koreans of already taken a couple ofmportant fir sps. president trump talked about they stopped ballistic missile testing, closing their test site, ending the clear test explosions, but they continue to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. for the trump administration has to be to solidify those. we have got to make sure that the are boasting dismantling of test facilities

and production. on after, we need to have a declaration from the north koreans of their program. what do they have? where is it? so inspectors can come to check arsenal to make sure the atn atand where we need to go to remove the stockpiles and disabled facilities. understanding of the size and scope of the arsenal right now? programorth korea's today is far more substantial a decade ago when we last confronted them. today, they have approximately nuclear devices. they have a quantity of material that could be used to make and theyl weapons could make many as 100 weapons if they could continue to produce. they have hundreds of buildings

at dozens of sitesved in nuclear weapon design, production, manufacture, and assembly. of testingzens facilities and the sites that can theoretically launch a nuclear warhead across the pacific to the continental u.s. that is the basic scope. just seven months ago, the north koreans conducted a nuclear test explosion, 200 kilotons in scale . that is a very large device. host: is that the o that clashed a research facility? guest: right. soon after the test last fall, seismic the section devices found that there were collapses where the test was conducted. that test probablyaged that

utuntain, the geology, b when journalists were allowed to witness the closing of the test ago,ls a couple of weeks the noh koreans revealed the layout of the site. it looks as though there were three or four other tunnels that may have been used. there are many mountains in north korea and there is no guarantee that if they shut down one test site, they cannot conduct a nueatest explosion years later at another site. that facilitys of brought north korea to the negotiating table today. do you disagree? guest: i would disagree. the north koreans set out over a year ago to complete a nuclear deterrent capability. to prove that they had an ntinental capability

and they wenahead and proved they had that ability. they also wanted to detonate a rge explosive yield. they did that. what happened, kim jong-un decided that he can go into negotiations with the united states from a position of strength. because in as a coequal i have a nuclear capability that could deter an attack from the united states. that is what led to this process, not the threat to fire and fury. not necessarily the sanctions that were put in place. they are having an effect but not enough to stop the program called. chips perof the other on the table after the signing of the agreement released is the promise to close a missile testing facility.

president trump talked about it in his press conference. what the facility is and how important that is to the denuclearization process. -- process? guest: that would be a positive step. i have not been able to find out what facility. we have to be careful about north korean promises to close things without international monitors to be there to understand what exactly they did. did they shut it down and did any do it and in -- it in irreversible way? secretary pompeo needs to sit down with his north korean counterpart and work down an action for action plan based upon clearer details, technical understandings of what needs to be done and how and overseen by whom, and then we could be a

short this process is moving -- we could be assured this process is moving. host: daryl kimball, would you be involved in any sort of monitoring process? guest: we would not be. my wife when not allow me to go to north korea. in all seriousness, this going to take a massive effort on the part of intergovernmental organizations whose job is to onitor for these things. the international atomic agency needs to be involved to make sure the declaration that the north koreans provide is correct. they have a team that is ready to go to do the initial monitoring and verification of the shutdown of a reactor that might be producing plutonium. they are ready to go in through

the nuclear test sites to provide information in confidence that the test site is shut down. it will be good at the north koreans were asked to make their commitment a legal one. then we get to the actual weapons, that is going to require a specialized team consisting of technical experts from the united states, russia, cha who are familiar with with north korean scientists and engineers to disassemble the weapons ideally in north korea. that is going to be a difficult process. host: daryl kimball taking your calls and questions. republican, --,dependents

, (202) 748-8000, (202) 8- , (202) 748-8002. caller: the only people that they keep their countries in line is through tyrants. they take every country that is free and their whole goal is to keep their propaganda going and keep trying to infiltrate. i feel so sorry for our good leaders who have to decipher who are the communists in america who are trying to do the same thing and sabotage our country. with enough countries that we have to look at what they are doing. then, we have to look at our country and all around us.

if you say the 45 goals he communist party stated in the congress, we know what they are. if you are aware, you can see lingo.aks the communist our colleges are full of are left and0% they promote communism. kimball,, was there anything that you want to pick up on? north korea is an authoritarian regime and they call it communism. lose sight of who we are dealing with, what is going on inside north korea, there are millions of people who are suffering because of the poverty as a result of their poor

economy and the command economy there. that is something we need to be is desperateit human rights problems in north korea ended the later phases of this by log, if it gives going -- these needeed to be issues that president trump puts on the table to try to bring a positive change inside. host: jack is next come republican. good morning. hi, i am a retired engineer with a germanic background. , thisason i am calling gentleman who is left of center, isks about what north korea america possibility are equal. he knows and i know that at the united states could obliterate north korea anywhere from 30 to

45 minutes with a massive operation. but they do not want to do that. my wife happens to be japanese from japan. those two countries have had a sordid history going back to 1910. host: the java question in there, jack? -- did you have a question in there, jack? we lost jack. guest: we are a nonpartisan association so the nuclear threat is something we must all agree on. statesrue, the united and our allies in south korea and japan have an overwhelming nventional militar superiority to thesof north korea. however, if there is any military confrontation along the z in korea, the results would

be catastrophic. any conflict would quickly escalate. hundreds of thousands of people could be killed in the first few days. when nuclear weapons are involved, there is a strong possibility that north korea ofld resort to the use nuclear weapons. tens of millions of people would be in jeopardy. there is a military option, we could destroy north korea. but also, millions of south koreans, hundreds of thousands of americans in that area would be at risk. it would be a catastrophe like nothing we have ever seen. that is why president trump is pursuing a diplomatic option. he understands, i think, the cost of failure here. host: does the united states keep any warheads in south korea? guest: no, we do not.

administration and that withdraw opened the way for this 1992 north-south denuclearization agreement. for many years, the north koreans were complaining that the united states had nuclear weapons on the peninsula. that is why they considered pursuing nuclear weapons. they do not have that excuse anymore. we do have the ability to strike with nuclear weapons from long distance. that is what the north koreans fear and they do not want to see those nuclear strike systems anywhere near the korean ula involved in war exercises that go on on a regular basis with south korea to make sure that our forces are working together. host: gloria, independent. caller: thank you for taking my

call. my comment that i would like to add is i think americans should .ome to a higher level the good of people ahe good of human beings, the good of the people that needs to occur in north korea and their neighbors in japan and south korea. china, russia, just start thinking more about the group d avour hatred behind. host: did you want to talk a little bit about the regional allies and the summit from their perspective? japan, south korea. guest: sure. great point.kes a there is a yearning from the see inpeople who want to end to this decade-long animosity.

when he to recognize, there is a ation aboutel the possibility of peace but there is also a nervousness about how this process is going to evolve. korea oh to see the process move forward. they want to see concrete action on denuclearization, but they also want to be sure that as the process goes along, the united states will be there with conventional forces to help a conflictm in case on the peninsula. -- in case there is a conflict on the peninsula. aore is a nervousness but a hope that this is going to move forward to. we will hear this from japan's president and south korea's president. host: dayton, ohio, craig is a

republican. good morning. caller: good morning. i would like to point out that my personal beliefs is there is no negotiations with north korea. for years, you guys have attempted to negotiate with them and they have continuously refused. the diplomatic response with china is to get them on our side so we can handle north korea. america stands for justice and liberty for all. not just for americans b everyone. i feel like it is our duty to intervene and save these people. host: can you pick up on the chinese perspective a little more? guest: china has been a key part of this entire equation. support for the denuclearization process and also the pressure, diplomatic,

economic, and political on north korea to encourage them to follow through. china has three main concerns here. denuclearizesee a peula - denuclearized peninsula. they do not want to see a north korean regime collapse that could lead to a refugee crisis. they also do not want to see a conflict on the korean peninsula which would bring more u.s. military forces to the region. they see that as an indirect threat to their own sovereignty. china has multiple interests they are trying to balance. helpful working with united states and the international community to tighten the sanctions on the regime. it is with or through china. toy are going to continue

play an important role for it the thing i would encourage people to watch for is if this bearmatic process does not fruit and have donald trump appears to the walking away from negotiating table prematurely and eyes of beijing, the chinese thenot be ready to reapply maximum pressure policy that the trump administration has pursued. words, we may not be able to go back to the point that we were a few months ago where we had maximum support from the international community to bring the negotiators to the table. host: gate out on the timeframe of when that might be considered premature -- can you talk about the timeframe when that might be considered premature? guest: that is impossible to answer. the chinese have a long view of this problem. they do not expect fast results and we should not be expecting fast results with this process. what we should be expecting is

steady progress. the hundreds of buildings, ofdozens facilities -- this is going to be a complex operation that under the best of circumstances, will take years to accomplish. the chinese are not going to be impatient with that process, but -- mightt be them be disappointed if united states walks off six months from now. they wilwant the united states to continue to be persistent and to continue forward with the diplomatic process. host: you trust that they will be able to tell the difference between walking the way anna negotiating tactic -- and a negotiate in tactic? -- anna negotiating tactic? guest: i do not know. @dar on twitter,

ylekimball. now, post summit. joe is in new york, line for democrats. caller: good morning. aren't we still technically at war with the korea? they never signed a peace treaty. guest: you are right. thatis one of the issues will be on the negotiating table in the weeks ahead. one of the things the north koreans are looking for in terms that thessurance hostile policy towards the north perhaps the declaration that the war with north korea is over. and the start of negotiations on a formal peace treaty with the north, the south, and china and united states. the parties that were in conflict in the 1950's.

that is something we need to work for. that will likely give kim jong-un the assurance he needs before he abandons his nuclear program and alls his nuclear arsenal to be dismantled. host: to missouri, robert. good morning. caller: good morning. how are you? host: well. with all of the great to the rest of the world, one of the things that the western world has never been -- to do you verycannot hear well and we will work on that connection. we will go to mark while we were

working on that in pennsylvania. lines republicans, go ahead. -- line up for republicans, go ahead. president trump has been getting it from both sides of the aisle ever since he took office and before he took office. trumphould let trump be and let him do the work he is doing. he has actually made history more than any president in the last 30 years. he has made history in a positive manner and they were all saying, they are going -- he is going to get us into war, and look what he has done. so far, nobody wants to give him the credit he deserves. the democrats and republicans keep throwing him under the bus. host: there are a lot of people who been working on the north korean nuclear problem who have given president trump credit for

in 2018. diplomacy my organization, the day that president trump accepted the invitation from kim jong-un, we praised that step. we also cautioned that this was a first step in a long process. if you listen to president trump's press conference following the summit with kim will hear that president trump believes this is going to work because th -- he trusts kim jong-un. i'm willing to give him credit for making this a head of state summit. and can movetant mountains and change with the bureaucracies do. but, we have a long way to go. we cannot base this process on personal chemistry. this process is going to extend for many years.

the president is going to me the support of the congress, republicans and democrats to carry this out in a verifiable manner. host: the press conference took eastrou 4:00 a.m. coast time. if you want to listen to it, you can do so at c-span.org. the press conference lasting significantly longer than expected. daryl, something you talked about about how far along north -- were the international community's surprised by the speed of development and if so, why? around10 years ago, 2005, 2006, north korea conducted a couple of nuclear tests at that time. they had plutonium for at least 10 to 15 nuclear

weapons and they were still working on long-range nuclear missiles. they had one flight tests in 1998. today, the situation is different. there was an excel a ration of north korea's -- there was an korea'son of north in 2015, 2016, and 2017. in 2017re leaps forward and some of us believe that the north koreans hit a pawn. it may have been transferred from a third party. engine.arly good host: what third party. -- third-party? is some debate, but the engine used in this missiles seem to be similar to that of a russian design made at a ukraine

factory. does not me at the russians hel -- does not mean that the russians helped in any way, but they did achieve significant progress in 2017. shocking, it was a bit surprising. they are at the point where they two toiver a warhead or a point on the continental united states. that would be suicide for the torth koreans, but that tes and capability is going to become more reliable and they are going to have a larger arsenal. this is the time to freeze and reverse this dangerous program. host: a couple more calls with daryl kimball. dominic is in clarksville, georgia. caller: hi, i want to

talk about the human rights. to be concerned about the human rights and it is extremely important. but it is no more important than life itself. if there is a war, there is a lot of human rights lost, hundreds and thousands. i think the democrats and the media will pull back their hate a little bit and trump is not going to perform any miracles. if he takes one step at a time, let's geis de and w wihe human rights on the side. give the guy a break. we do need to prioritize the issues that we are working on with north korea. i think every president has got to make some choices about which issues they are going to put on top and bilateral negotiations. the trumpard,

administration needs to have the room to negotiate with the north koreans, but the administration for its own interest needs to better inform congress what their strategy is. they needs to provide more detail about what is happening. it is understandable that there is a lot of skepticism on capitol hill about this process. not because they distrust president trump, though they may have their concerns, but they distrust the north koreans. president trump would do well to brief members of congress better on the strategy and the process. they have gotten very little information so far about the evolving strategy. host: in midland, georgia. florida, i am sorry. david is in florida. caller: good morning. host: good morning, david.

caller i am wondering and i'm about what. kimball, might be a first indicator that north korea is not serious about denuclearizing? it occurs to me an unwillingness ide a detailed inventory bematerial and weapons might an indication of that. i'm wondering about your opinion . guest: i think you are exactly right. that is a good question, how are we going to know the north koreans are serious about this process and are they going to take the necessary steps? i agree, that is one of the key indicators. will the north koreans provide a detailed declaration and inventory of their nuclear materials, stockpile, their facilities, the history of their

program -- all of this is necessary for the international atomic energy agency, that they had verified te shut down all of the related elements of the north korean program. that is a key step. i would hope that comes early in the process. it can take the north koreans quite some time to pull that together. that is something that secretary pompeo should be pushing for at an early phase of the process. host: last call for molly in texas. caller: good morning. it is a wonderful thing to see. i would like to thank rex tillerson for the step in the right direction. thank you. guest: we after member that this did not come about in the last couple of months.

-- we have to remember that this did not come about in the last couple of months. there have been a number of figures. we saw earlier today of president trump and kim jong-un shaking hands and meeting, i could not have imagined seven months ago shortly after the last korean icbm test. i am very glad to see talking going on rather than rising tensions. we have got to remember that while president trump excepted the invitation it, went to the meeting, held the meeting, moon jae-in of south korea helped broker the meeting itself. u.s. andt together north korean officials shortly after the olympic games in south korea. this plays an important part and there are others in the trump administration who have played an important part including

secretary pompeo and others. done is much more to be and this is only the first step. for steadybe looking progress on concrete measures that lead us towards the ultimate goal of a piece regime on the peninsula. host: i hope you can come back and talk to us about it down the road. daryl kimball is the executive director of the arms association. guest: thank you. minutes, the last 20 we are taking your calls on the u.s. north korea summit. republicans, (202) 748-8001, democrats (202) 748-8000, independents (202) 748-8002. your calls until 9:00 as we continue to show you some of the images of that historic su mmit.

we are also showing you the front pages from around the world. english language newspaper out of singapore, heading into the summit yesterday. their headline, "trump upbeat ahead of today's high-stakes ." mit with kim "donald andline, show." to the front page this morning of the calgary sun, "the best buds." president trump find a new friend and north korea. and from the english language newspaper out of dubai, "world history." that was there a newspaper going into the summit yesterday.

nelson is up first and this open phones segment. tuscaloosa, alabama, line for democrats. sir.er: yes my grandfather was in world war ii -- my grandfather was in world war i, my oldest sister has five children in the vietnam war, four sons and one daughter. something, a lot of my european brothers and sisters in this country are asking about human rights. is discrimination a human right? i am wondering if the other countries, the president of north vietnam, are asking about the human rights that are denied 43 million african-americans in this country.

do they bring that up and do they have that much interest? right topeople the vote is a human rights, and we are citizens of this country just as much as europeans. those people are indigenous to those countries. people in this country are not indigenous, including those of us who were brought here as slaves to develop this country. i wond if they will put that out of the most racist people in our government, some of the republicans. do they put that on the voters rights in this country? host: you started by mentioning the number of veterans in your family. i want to get your thoughts on the president and kim jong-un repatriateo the remains of pows that were lost and the korean war, what does that mean to someone comes from a family veterans? caller: is an excellent idea.

inmy brother had been lost the vietnam war, i certainly would have want his remains brought back. killed,e people getting they do not want the bombs dropped on them. they want their children to survive just like the people in united states. he has taken an interest a not allowing the bombs to be dropped to kill those people. host: that is nelson in alabama. thiss the president earlier today at the press conference talking about the specific issue to bring home some remains for it -- remains. [video clip] pres. trump: i must've had countless calls and letters, can do --ything you they want the remains of their sons, fathers, mothers, and all the people who got caught in the really brutal war.

which took place for a large extent in north korea. i asked for it today, and we got it. that was a really last minute. they are want to start the process immediately. the remains will be coming back. theref people said, is anyway you can work with north korea to get the remains of my son or father back? me thisple asked question and i said, we do not get along too well with that particular group of people. but now we do. so he agreed with that quickly. it was really a nice thing and he understands it. for the over 6000 that we know of in terms of remains, they will be brought back. pressyou can watch the conference and its entirety or stick around at the end of our ogram we y,ll take you back to that press conference -- it occurred about 4:00 a.m.

eastern time this morning. norman is in minnesota, line for republican. caller: yes, thank you. vens bed on assertions presi te. 20% of the nuclear arsenal would effectively dimin ish the arsenalntirely setting forth the destruction of all of the nuclear weapons. athink he said his uncle trump, had many discussions. and the other assertion, building hotels along the beach in north korea between china and south korea, would be a great economic boom. i was thinking the president was offering to finance more hotels

in north korea, both of which, confuse me. that is why i called. for calling and asking those questions. you want to hear from you and all of our viewers in the last 15 minutes. republicans (202) 748-8001, the democrats (202) 748-8000, .ndependents (202) 748-8002 in georgia, line for democrats. caller: thank you for taking my call. very happy to see the meeting took place between kim jong-un and president trump. but i think a lot of the credit goes to the president of south korea. korean,riends who are from south korea, and they never hated the north koreans. they have always wanted to come together in that. , president and time

trump had no choice but to deal and talk to president kim. because he has nuclear weapons. it comes out well and i'm glad to see it happen. thank you. joseph, illinois, independent. caller: hello, thank you for taking my call. i'm glad to see there is a meeting beingcaller: made. i would like to know exactly what he agreed to in this al because beforehand, i believe the term was we need a "concrete, verifiable and or something similar and i do not see any mechanisms for verifying that he will follow through which was the reasoning behind not trusting iran and pulling out of that

deal. host: in new york, democrat. good morning. caller: good morning. attempt atrump's diplomacy but the north koreans are only doing whatever it takes to have sanctions lifted. stop, theyt going to are not going to completely denuclearize. they are going to drag this out until sanctions are lifted and they will repeat the process that has been going on for decades. host: that is pat in new york. conversation happening on twitter at @cspanwj. jody saying, there was not a mention of human rights. donald does not do human rights is what joe -- is what jodie said. the press conference that took

place about 4:00 a.m. eastern time and we will be going there after our program ends. it is about 66 minutes. recentssed in on the opiniones on usa today talking about the issue of human rights and whether it should have been brouinto ts u.s.-north korea summit. "north korea is the world's worst human rights violator." kill security, an estimate of 80,000 to 120,000 of the ak people who never go home from the camps. the world sees a beaming trump praising cam, they will pander to a whole new level of evil, they write. t opposing view

written on the pages of "usa today." he says, to keep human rights out of the nuclear talk, the focus of the summit is the nuclear program. attempts to include issues unrelated generally derail it is on the opinion page of "usa today." joe is in new jersey on the republican line. caller: the one thing that president trump has, he has an ace in the hole. that ace in the hole is japan. if it's one thing even the chinese fear is denuclearize -- is to nuclearize japan. i think the president could use that as a lever in moving these negotiations along. placinge, do you mean

u.s. nuclear weapons in japan? caller: yes. placing the nuclear weapons in japan and arming the japanese and increasing their military strength. that is the last thing the koreans would want to see. host: john is in alabama, and independence. independent. taking upok, i am not for the dictator over in north korea. but that dude was born in and that is all he ever knew. to kill people to get what he wants. i believe president trump has done a great thing by even goin there and talking to him. maybe that guy will take a little notion from president trump and try to do better than he has done. i believe president trump to do that.

.e needs somebody to look up to i think he looks up the president trump because he did not take nothing off that guy. together, north and south korea, but i do not know if they will call each other north koreans and south koreans are just all koreans. we have some folks in america that still say they are african-americans. they are not african-americans, they were slaves. but though people in that country, they will be slaves. they are kept in concentration camps and north korea. has tweetedesident out a video of some of the images of some of his meeting with kim jong-un over the past 12 hours. that is his latest tweet, we will show you that video and let it play out as we talked to michael. china grove, north carolina.

michael, go ahead. caller: how are you? host: doing well. theer: i was calling about humanitarian rights. what is the difference between them and us a boarding our young babies over here? it is human rights, what is the difference. can anyone give me the definition of that? host: pedro, miami florida. yes, i am calling because i would like to say it is ironic that the republicans, running for the white house, criticized him for trying to meet with leaders of other countries that were terrorists and human rights, and then the republican party does not even have the and to stand up to trump

tell him he is wrong and what he is doing. host: speaking of, president trump's tweets in the last 12 hours, the president tweeting top aides,e of his his chief economic adviser larry kudlow has been hospitalized after suffering a heart attack. he sent out a tweet about 29 minutes before hdske took place yesterday. the white house releasing more information earlier today, national economic director larry kudlow experienced a mild heart attack. he is currently in good condition and his doctors expect he will make a full and speedy recovery. president and his administration send our thoughts and prayers to larry and his family. for your story to note this morning, we mentioned here on c-span we are going to be going back to that press conference and showing you and -- in its entirety.

isc-span2, the senate coming in at 10:00 today. mitch mcconnell is now the longest-serving gop leader. senator surpassing bob dole at more than 11 years in that job. when majority leader mitch mcconnell highlighted the accomplishment of the senate on his watch, their kentucky bit ofcan was taking a a victory lap i had a victory lap ahead of becoming the longest-serving gop leader in history. , "it is a lot of fun when you have as much good news to report as we do." mcconnelsaid t the last 16 months have been the single best period for conservatives. david, palmer, alaska. line for independents.

good morning. caller: good morning. thanks to c-span for your coverage. ews of sourcehe but an information source, thanks a lot. let's heart for dennis rodman. host: why are you a fan of dennis rodman? caller: he went over there when things looked pretty dark and people were coming back brain dead from north korea at that time. he put a human face, maybe he brought a human face or an alien to north-- korea. he took the book of how to make a deal to kim. ont: larry, in tennessee the line for democrats. caller: i believe russia is all smiles today. trump is following through on their directives, i believe.

he has gone through there and demoralize the -- the more -- demoralized our friends at the g7 group, and then he went to nororea and said, were not going to have our wargames. we are going to possibly pull back our troopst are trying to protect south korea. stability, strength of their -- of russia, china, north korea trump hassed since and the field in the first minute, the prediction that he

and is willing to make those as thexpense of people that have fought and died trying to protect south korea in the korean war. democracyd day for and a terribly sad day for the united states. host: st. louis, missouri, line for independents. caller: hi. the summit was a deep move for the administration. extraordinary. they told me there had been a checks, andetive

what i heard, was not mentioned in news. and there is a bomb threat there . a team was trying to retaliate. host: peter, who were you told this by? caller: my friend was there yesterday. they told me. he was forced to change his hotel two times. marshall, north carolina, a democrat. good morning. caller: good morning to you and thanks for the opportunity. there will never be any peace on the korean peninsula until north and south korea are united. that discussion they had last night, you had two

interpreters, trump, and the commander-in-chief of north korea. way of knowing what was said, what was agreed upon, and what was not agreed upon becauseyome t of , they both can lie, and they both look good to their country and their people. the facts are this -- when north and south korea are reunited, north korea has got the strongest commander-in-chief so they will turn south korea into a communist just like north korea. the only way the united states can reach an agreement with these people is the pull their troops and get united states off of that peninsula. otherwise, this will go on forever in the day. this whole thing is a joke. trumpa photo session for in your north korean commander. that is all i have got to say. host: our last caller in today's

washington journal, but plenty more to discuss. i hope you join us tomorrow morning at 7:00 a.m. eastern, 4:00 p.m. p.m. pacific and now we take you back to the news conference following the meeting between present trump and kim jong-un. this is about one hour. ladies and jump in, the president of the united states, donald trump. ladies and geme esident of the united states, donald trump. [applause] pres. trump: thank you very much, everybody. appreciate it. we haveeady to go back, had andouthree months actually because this has been going on for quite a while. that tape we gave to