>> and around the country. c-span is but you by your cable or satellite provider. who want to welcome andrew seeley, the president of the policy institute. >> look around migration policies around the state. with this country and around the world. will talk about mexico today. what can we expect on the polls? >> the polls are saying the

front runner the left of center candidate. he has been out -- the left has never governed in mexico and it could be a big change if he wins. there are two other candidates and one could pull a surprise. everything tells us this is a move to the left and a government little more skeptical of the united states. president is term limited, how would you assess the relationship between our two countries and our two presidents? >> that is a complicated question. there is a really intense communication with the white house with the foreign minister. and at the same time, donald trump was billed -- between building a wall us and mexico. in other people in the mexican government and u.s. government are talking to each other all the time. headlines this past week,

the situation along the border where families have been separated up until last week. where is this headed and what is next? says theynt trump will not separate families in the future we have to see what happens because it is not clear the planet have is going to work. n the plan and they have is going to work. they are trying to figure out what to do with the 2000 kids separated from their parents. some have been reunited in there trying to figure out how to put that back together and see if they can bring them back with their parents. it's not clear how to do that. it will take muscle in the government if the kids are going to find their kids. >> you wrote this from your book. there are at least 1.6 million americans -- 11.6 million americans in the united states, and most mexicans across the

border say do so with legal visas. >> there is very little illegal immigration from mexico. after the recession, mexicans stopped coming across the border. it is a huge change in a lot of mexicans are coming in the says and much more professional strains. most are coming to the legal channels. has a lot ofration asians overstaying visas in different parts of the world, we don't have much illegal immigration compared to before 2007. the numbers dropped but it is --tly >> should the solution be stopping employers who hired the illegal immigrants working here in the u.s.? >> people are coming largely because of jobs. there's a push factor in the violence. i think both.

we could do a little more in terms of people on the ground and technology at the border but a lot of it needs to happen at the place at the border. ways of people who have already been living in this country, becoming an american. if people have been upstanding communities -- citizens to their communities, they can be upstanding citizens to the country. >> more the products americans are dependent on uses american workers. mexican companies also provide much of the nails that anchor our buildings. today, it would be also possible to write in a car, plane, train, or bus in america that does not have parts made in america -- made in mexico, canada. we have done this over the past 20 or 30 years. it seems a good throwback to

talk about withdrawing from nafta because whether or not we thought it was a good idea, and a lot of us had reservations at the time, what we did was, 25 years later, we have an economy that is deeply intertwined. cars are made in seamless processes across the country. people in canada are making cars. is keepanaged to do daughter industry competitive. foreign companies do not import cars in the united states. it is because north america is so competitive. keeping a stream of. these are north american industry is buried one of the fine things i found about writing this book is how many brands do we assume our american are mexican owned. the second-biggest amend company in the united states, one of the second or third largest company

in the united states or dairy, these are american companies a higher mexican americans for working. >> if you listen to president trump, mexico, europe, and canada are the problems. >> i think that will do us harm if we go down that path. his advisers are telling him not to do that because of that reason. president trump once to do something for nafta. he has a particular trade view. advisers are telling him what i say in the book. what we do with mexico and canada is not the same as trade with china or the european union. we have integrated economies. the nail story is good, the largest nail company is owned by a mexican company. what made the company competitive and kept american jobs and united states -- in the united states, it means there are american workers making nails.

we are deeply interlinked economies. we do the same thing on cars. it makes american production less effective. you cannot turn these things apart. >> the book is titled vanishing frontiers. theew is the president of aggression policy institute at the wilson center and a graduate of university of maryland. we'll get your calls. 202-748-8001, our line for republicans. 202-748-8000 for democrats f. -- democrats. if you're an independent, 202-748-8002. you write in your book about daniel lubinski. >> he is the one you find in starbucks or anywhere else and his -- has become the fastest nutrition bar. >> wisely significant?

>> he tells us a story of mexican immigration. tend to be entrepreneurial. it is something you can see in small towns and cities around the united states. a lot of businesses have immigrant names, names and other languages. immigrants come with a desire to do something risky. do something new and pulled himself up either bootstraps. it is what made this country early on, it is what made this reconstruction, african-americans have the ability to create businesses. it happened with italian and irish immigrants. it is something about the immigrant experience that is incredible for building the country. this is a great symbol of how mexicans have done this. most don't have business is quite a big but they tend to be huge contributors in creating

small and medium-size businesses. . >> let's get to your phone calls. caller: good morning, and thank you for c-span. >> could happen that we don't build on the border? >> there is a lot of conversation going on between the u.s. and mexico. most americans don't realize that about half of the central americans who tried to come to the border get detained and deported by mexico. it is about 42% over the past four years. mexico has not very sophisticated border enforcement and immigration enforcement, but they have been building it up in conversations with the u.s.. it is one thing at risk because this was done in part that they saw a cooperative relationship with the united states and they tried to take pressure off the

border. the mexican government may decide that is not in their interest anymore. that has been an ongoing conversation. we work with how to build the asylum station. a lot of central americans do have real reasons for fleeing violence. we don't want to deport everyone back. we want to give everyone a fair hearing. if they are fleeing and i to violence. -- an act of violence. it is in jeopardy at a time where we talk about withdrawing -- thefta or begin president has had a couple of times that they do nothing for us and immigration. administration, they have been working on these words quite a bit. >> so who are these illegal immigrants being separated from their families? where they coming from? >> central america. they are trying to come into the united states. there were a handful of mexican them, andabout 12 of

they were being put into criminal prosecution which is something that did not happen for first-time crushers. their children -- crossers. their children were taken away and said to foster families. >> is this picture representative of what is happening along the border? >> we're seeing a lot of that going on. we're now seen the administration is pulling back from family separation. signed in order to stop doing that and they are looking for alternatives. it depends on what the alternatives are. credit, theyheir listen to the american people that were concerned about the idea of separating children from their parents. >> let's go to mark joining us from massachusetts. it morning. -- good morning. >> good morning. i will definitely check out your book, it was interesting. with respect to nafta, and in

there are aeral, lot of americans that note canada is the number one trade partner and i think mexico is number three, number two being china. with respect to trade in general, there is millions of jobs unfilled today across america. i don't understand the conundrum between the administration and immigration in general. also, real quick, i used to live next to el salvador in immigrants, first-generation they come over doing the turmoil then. were owning their own homes and lived in the country for 30 years now. they were all pretty much americans through and through. so i agree with that.

>> mark, thank you. the book is titled "vanishing frontiers." >> on the two points. we have to have controls on who comes in to this country, border controls, immigration enforcement. but, people who have lived there for a long time and raise families, we do at some point need to figure out what we do with them. they're not ways for those members to become full americans. that is still a debate pending. we will have a larger conversation with dreamers. are in a full force economy. a lot of the middle-class wages, particularly industrial economy, they are both very precarious right now, and are not necessarily going up and have not for long time. there are concerns about what you do with industrial jobs. industrial production is way up.

mexico has a piece of that in canada. our industrial platform is robust in this country. portable we did we canada and efficient toke it compete with the rest of the world. this is how we created the north american production platform. up until now, from 1980, we produce prices many goods as we used to. but we use a quarter less workers. that is a problem. mostly automation rather than trade. mexico and canada were part of the same platform. mexico is part of our third largest partner behind china and canada. it is the second destination for exports. china sends a lot of goods but does not take a lot. mexico has balance trade like canada. about half of what we trade back and forth i things making together. other things are like soybeans, makes things from our

farmers. >> from the book, "donald trump one of presidency by promising to deport unauthorized immigrants, renegotiate nafta, putting the mexican american -- --ican and american they do appeal to a quarter or third of citizens. that is a large percentage of the country. on's go to marion joining us the democrats line. good morning. >> thanks for taking my call. i wanted to know whether we should be really talking about legal immigration. from what i understand and read, illegals, the majority of ely eagles came legally. through a visa program. if that is the case, why are we not expecting the corporations and ceos to be responsible to

make sure that when they bring in a worker, they have a visa, it should be their responsibility and their call -- cost to make sure that individual goes home. >> thank you, mary. i do think we should talk ely him -- illegal immigration. immigration today is legal. in the past, not necessarily so. there were people coming across without documents in the late 90's and early 2000's. today it is a most all legal. more than half of the people who become undocumented illegals in this country do so by overstaying a visa. we are in a new world. we keep talking about the border as the source of the problems. in fact, we need to track people who came in with legal visas. that is a bigger part of the equation. we should, over time, gradually invest in the border. we do need a little more in terms of people at the border,

but it is not a crisis. we have fewer people coming across the u.s. mexico border, as of last year. 46 years we have not seen this few people try to cross the border. so we are talking about it is always a giant crisis but the numbers are going down year-over-year. this you might be higher but it will be close to what it has been. we can gradually keep tightening that up at the same time, we look at how we see people overstaying visas. >> let's go to virginia. good morning, you are next on the republican line. >> good morning gentlemen. for statement i wanted to make mexicans havehat not gotten into trouble and then productive citizens. english, they got basic english skills, pretty good education, give him a basic

examination, if they pass, they should get american citizenship. >> will the republicans go along with that plan? there's a meeting with democrats and republicans to reach compromise, but that seems to be one of the sticking points. >> it probably won't. politicians play their base. we have election year coming up so let's keep it real. a lot of trump's supporters do not want anything to do with the migration or immigration unless it is stopping at. -- it. be makingink it would much sense to have a trade war with china. it's not rational to go into a trade war. it don't make sense to me, or the people in the midwest. all these people have produce to ship out, but much of their

money, much of their income is there. >> certainly on a trade war we should be worried that we are headed into this, not just with china but also the european union. i feel like mexico and canada, the negotiations will pick up again and take care of that, although it there is no certainty of that. with the european union, there may be solutions where china looks worrisome. we are in a very robust economy. we should be worried about what is coming down the pipe that could disrupt this economic boom we are in the point up. for a who have been here long time, we need to find a way to bring them into full american life. it's easier to look at the miners who came with their parents and grew up in this country. that is the group called the dreamers.

they are fully american and if they were deported back to the country they were born in, would not have any recognition of it because it is not in their living memory. even that has been hard to figure out what is the right solution to bring them into full american citizenship or full american legal status in this country. maybe if we can get that fixed and it is a group that both republicans and democrats, and independence are very sympathetic to, gets over 80% supported in polling, if we can fix that peas, most people agree these are true americans, and deserve some sort of protection and recognition as do americans. maybe down the road, we can have the larger conversation about other people that have been here for a while. also, how do we make sure that if we are bringing people into legal status, we make sure we have ways of keeping them -- people from coming in illegally in the future. people want to know they are going to keep going down as far as the numbers are concerned. republicans, tillis and

cruz, along with democratic senators feinstein and durbin, a will be sitting down -- durbin, will be sitting down to reach a debate. does this give you hope for something on capitol hill? >> it is such an unusual collection of people. if you can get people from different parts of the spectrum, tom has been very active on these issues. that is less surprising. they have been trying to build bipartisan consensus. , they have a way tried to meet in the middle and try to figure out what conservatives and liberals do together. they are both well within the mainstream of their parties, but it is interesting to see ted cruz there and feinstein. it is hard to get immigration done in election year. elections,november

but is there a group of people that could push something includes the president, that is an interesting combination. if it does not happen before november, ideas that people can gravitate toward, that is really positive to get something done after the elections. >> we will fall that story on c-span2, the house on c-span, oath back in session this week. line,orida independent good morning, john. >> hello. i hope president trump's people are listening. what we need in the new yes -- in the u.s. is to re-create the u.s. owned supply chain infrastructure, widespread throughout the u.s. that was destroyed as a result of nafta. all of that trillions and trillions of dollars of infrastructure now in china, and some in mexico as well. the other thing is, immigration,

we allow one million illegal immigrants into the year every year -- into the united states every year. create one million new jobs every year? , botheally kills wages for u.s. citizens and unions are killed. it is only going to get worse. this pathology has not changed on either count. they give her much. >> thank you, don. ohn.here's a lot of -- j >> we actually have most -- ,f you added an unauthorized you can make it 1.2 or so. it is much lower, very small. macro effects are very positive. there may be micro effects that are negative. reasonable people need to sit down and talk about it. we know that the effects are quite positive but that does not

mean that is the way for every person. the auto industry is the best indicator. with manufacturing with nafta, it allowed us to be competitive. it allowed the industrial productive -- industrial production to be competitive. you saw mexico and canada integrated into the u.s. production chain, a few jobs went to mexico but other jobs were created in the united states. the auto industry is great because you see not only did we continue to produce american cars after we thought that american car companies were going to be overrun by foreign foreign but also the carmakers also make their cars in the united states and in north america. they do not make them abroad and try to export them to the united states. they make them in north america. of that happened with american workers. >> yes no or maybe, will there

be able -- be a wall? >> yes because the sitting president cares about this. there is already about 600 miles of a wall short of 2000 miles. i would be surprised if there is not a lot more wall by the time he is done being president. when we have a wall across 2000 miles, i doubt that will happen. >> diane, republican line. >> good morning, gentlemen. article to read an -- the talked about, -- they called for mass immigration to the united states during a speech tuesday declaring it a a human right for all americans. and very soon, after the victory

of our movement, we dissent all american migrants and all the migrants in the world adding that immigrants must leave their towns and find a life in the united states. human right it as a " we will defend." i read this and it looks to me like he is falling for everybody to migrate -- calling to everybody to migrate to the united states. he is apparently the front runner in this coming july 1 election. this article is pretty alarming. >> let me get a response, thank you, diane. >> i have not seen the report. i'm pretty sure it is wrong. i've heard immigration speeches, and i discussed immigration with him personally. i do not believe he believes that. i'm quite certain he does not. i'm guessing there is an interpretation issue in who read the article.

but politicians say crazy things. if it is true, he would not be the first politician throwing something out there that makes no sense. i certainly do not think he will act that way as president. what i think is a real concern beneath this that is true, i don't think he is encouraging people to leave. he wants to continue conditions for mexicans to stay. he has been clear about this and i agree with him on something and disagree with him on something. i think he once to create conditions. he does not want mexicans to leave. bet i do think is going to an issue, i think he is very skeptical about whether the mexican government should have central americans coming to mexico. and the current government has been very active in collaborating with the u.s. and on their own to try to stop the central american flows. it is a big issue if the next mexican government decides they will not the poor people because mexicans as well wear a company

of people leaving. my guess is that won't happen. these things are ultimately discussions happening at a lower level and getting result. i think that is the bigger concern, to be honest. c-span's washington journal's live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. train and alina associated press lisa mascaro discussed the week ahead at the white house. todd harrison of the center for strategic and international studies will talk about president trump's call for a 's -- space force. be sure to watch washington journal live at seven eastern on monday morning. tonight on c-span, q&a is next with law professor any racks. followed by theresa may

answering questions from the house of commons. andersen brower talks about her new book on the relationship between presidents and vice presidents. ♪ >> this week, university of pennsylvania law professor amy whacks. she talks about -- amy wax. on talks about free speech university campuses in the united states. brian: before i ask you questions about why we asked you to come here, i want to go through your background. where are you from? in: i was born and raised new york, in a small city near al