the great soviet writer gave a commencement speech in the 1970's. he criticized the united states and the west for being obsessed with the law. i was astounded that this man who i thought understood the principles of freedom, the unyielding, indomitable human spirit to rise above tyranny, would criticize. it occurs to me he think's of the law as something as a threat. we don't read -- we don't. we have to teach that. announcer: justice anthony kennedy's retirement brings a change to the supreme court. fromw the story on c-span

president trump nominating a replacement, the senate confirmation hearings, to the swearing-in on c-span, c-span.org, or the free c-span radio app. >> on friday, mexican voters will elect a new president. four main, the candidates took place in a televised debate that focused on foreign policy. candidates answer questions from the studio audience. ♪

>> good evening and welcome to the second presidential debate in the city of to one of baja california. and ourur public audience. the main objective has to do with mexico's role in the world. the relevance of mexico in the world, and it is in an emblematic city, tijuana. the first time we have had the debate with a studio audience,

all of them from tijuana. they will ask the question directly to the presidential candidates. ever, we arehan concerned about the millions of mexicans that live in other countries. we are to debate investment, free trade, also the rights of immigrants. the national electoral institute would like to thank the autonomous university of baja california as well as the pfister rector's office here in -- the viceus director's office here in the tijuana campus. thank you, we would like to candidate lopez obrador,

candidate anaya for the coalition of mexico and an independent candidate, known as el bronco. the studio audience is made up of 42 people elected from a representative sample from the population of tijuana. they were selected randomly by a private company. these citizens have not decided who they are going to vote for. they do have the intention to go to the polls. each of these people will ask two questions related to issues involving the debate. the moderators will select six questions that will be asked directly. the first segment, candidates will respond to the same question asked by one of the

citizens following the list selected randomly. the candidates will have one minute to respond and up to two minutes to follow up. additionally, they will have a right to two rebuttals of 30 seconds each. those are the rules of this historic debate. you have the honor to answer the first question. candidates.rnoon, the uncertainties we and theng right now renewal of the free trade agreement, what are specific actions you will adopt to redirect mexican exports to other countries outside the united states? how will you deal with the protectionist attitudes and

measures? >> thank you, and thank you for the question. we need to wean ourselves from the gringos. we have to talk to the u.s. president the way you need to talk to a president. sometimes, when someone is behaving in an animal way, it is something that upset us. sometimes people who are vitriolic will take their own venom. i think that is this case. so we know that asia, india, korea and south america, maybe we need to establish free trade agreements with those countries. we need to foster greater trade between all of us here in mexico.

? thank you, candidate. good evening. >> i maintain that the best policy -- the best foreign policy is shoring up our domestic policy. if we are threatened by the building of walls and crossing prosecute our fellow citizens, what we need to do is strengthen our economy and provide enough job opportunities to mexico so people don't need to immigrate. immigrantsport the these people are going to find a better living standard in the united states. they don't just go because they feel like going. we agree with the free trade

agreement. we need to maximize our relations with the united states relations of friendship, but also mutual respect. thank you. what are specific measures that will be taken by your government in order to redirect mexican exports elsewhere? >> thank you. i think it is a very key question. to reassess and rethink our relationships with the united states. 80% of our exports go to the united states. you don't make many mistakes. you make one mistake and you have to deal with the consequences. the error was to receive donald trump, who was attacking mexican people. he says you have to provoke the

, wenent and if he is weak smash him and if he is strong, we negotiate. when my opponent is weak, we crush him. respected, yoube have to respect yourself first. a president needs to behave with dignity. i will defend the national interests. i would like to know, what are the specific actions to redirect mexican exports in order to reduce the economic impacts resulting from our overreliance on the nafta agreement? opportunities throughout the world and we are going to take advantage of them. before we talk about trade and agreement we need to talk about mutual respect. trump once again insulted us. every time he insults our

immigrants, their lives in their my vow we will not allow any agreement of any kind regarding any issues that are not based on that respect. i will not allow under any circumstances that we be disrespected. never. that is my commitments. >> thank you, candidate. >> candidate, the difficulty with the free trade agreement negotiations are not understandable without the presidency of president trump. when donald trump announced he was going to be president, 90 seconds before he started attacking mexico, he called the mexicans criminal, and he has not stopped since. he has defended millions of mexican families -- open-ended -- he has offended millions of

mexican families. give me one specific parameter that is measurable so we can realize if donald trump is respecting us, and how do we achieve that? through moral authority. of mexico has not had that moral authority. at the same time, not the political authority. donald trump has offended mexico, he has offended the government of mexico. he said of the government is corrupt. a funny thing. i have to accept that. ,t hurts, to have to admit that that the government of mexico is corrupt.

but i don't allow foreign governments to say that. i understand that. but give me a parameter that is measurable. something quantifiable. >> honesty. >> you are talking about the relations between the united states and mexico. >> the government of mexico must be honest. we cannot simply shine a light onto the street and inside a house we are dark. -- government of mexico their conduct negotiations that mexico wanted. >> i understand, but my question -- you talked about exporting, for example, corn.

let us say trump is going to impose measures against the avocado exports. that could be a trade war. that would hurt our economy. what are you going to do? we are going to negotiate with trump with authority, sovereignty, with something previous governments have not done because they do not have the moral authority. because they are corrupt governments. there going to change relationship and donald trump is going to have to learn to respect us, i can assure you that. >> candidate meade, your rebuttal. >> i want to respond, what can we do to diversify trade? a major free trade agreement was negotiated so that we can export

goods to the third-largest trade korea, the world, japan, we know that his party either does not know what must be done or they do not want to progress. in this debate, if the intention is to attack me, that is understandable. we are ahead by 25 points in the polls. they are hoping to gain some lost ground here to overcome their disadvantage. it's not going to work. i'm not going to fall for any provocation. >> a very specific question was asked. as usual, he has not answered. .exico needs the united states but the u.s. also needs mexico. why do we ask for visa for

people coming from countries that are antagonistic to the united states yet -- united states so that we can maintain enforcement? how many terrorists come to the united states from mexico? zero. >> candidate, your first rebuttal. how will we replace the corn exports you were talking about? we need to step up to the plate and not allow any offensive behavior. either trade or in other areas. >> an advantage in the polls is not enough. we will export somewhere else. >> what if on july 1 you are elected president of mexico and

-- i know you have heard through hamburger strategy you will negotiate with the united states. you have seen his horrible twitter saying the free trade agreements are going to be nullified between mexico and the united states. what are you going to do? >> the free trade agreement is not enough. we have the capacity to negotiate and trade with any other part of the world. we have to get rid of this idea we are just a mouse that can't do anything. i don't have a plan b. >> what is your other plan a? be very clear in are

negotiations with president trump so he does not call us animals. we are going to be speaking directly at him so he understands. he sent his son-in-law. i'm going to negotiate, i'm going to speak frankly with him. we can talk not just about trade. we also needs talk about the integrity of the free trade agreements of the past. we negotiated everything in trade. banks, oil, you would include those. you would include those in a renegotiation of the nafta agreement. we need established conditions. >> you are talking about what,

the banks? >> we are going to ensure the negotiation understands we have our own cards. i have a team working on this. there is an alternative. we have to look at other markets that will allow mexico -- >> excuse me, let's get back to the banking sector. are you talking about expropriating banks? >> what was not negotiated in the previous agreement. are you telling me you would be -- >> yes, if the americans continue with this firm handed approach, we need to return to mexico, not giving everything away. we need to wean ourselves from the americans. we need to talk on equal footing. >> just tell me yes or no. >> i will answer later.

area letyou, candidate us continue. we find ourselves in would not be happening if donald trump had not been elected president. you were foreign minister with president trump came on the political scene. several voices criticized you for dealing with donald trump threats with such timidity. in the scenario in washington, there was a candidate who was highly anti-mexican, for the first time in the history of the ask you,ates, so i were you mistaken as a foreign minister? >> i never thought he would win. very few believed. even that day on election day i did not think he was going to be elected. we faced aised

scenario that is very complex. hisere clear in denouncing racism, his ignorance. >> how would you measure these results? when trump ran for president he said we would have a cross-border tax, that there would be raids conducted, trade would be canceled. today, many of those threats that were on the horizon have come to the forefront. >> the economist magazine said this was unforgivable and inexplicable. seven out of every 10 mexicans so they were affected by his visits to mexico. trump haded president

served mexico, that trump no longer saw mexico as a threat or allied. a year later, it is not the case. i do not see it. >> i see it many ways. right now people are living in fear. let me answer. we know there is a government here that calls them animals and we say that is unacceptable. what was the threat we face last year? it was a new administration, the u.s. withdrew from the free trade agreement. he said he was going to leave the paris climate agreement. >> that is not what i'm asking. the question is, yes or no? nieto wrong in inviting president trump? >> they withdrew from tpp, the nuclear agreement, withdrawn.

the immigration agreement, withdrew. we want everyone to know, we want immigrants to know as well, we are not going to rest until we have ensure your safety and we will wake with -- work with civil society, with litigation, so we do not face that. >> candidate anaya, president of france macron tried to make friends with trump. he took him around paris. he went to the white house and they planted a tree together. macron wanted to convince the respect the paris climate agreement and he was unsuccessful. you said you have to confront trump.

that confrontation policy has not been attempted by kim jong-un. with a free trade agreement on the table, would you go for that approach? >> i said it very clearly. politics, you do not make many mistakes. you make one big mistake in your dealing with consequences. it was one mistake that was made. the humiliation of the next can people when this gentleman was insulting and attacking mexicans, calling us rivers -- rapists and murderers very they gave him the red carpet treatment. he likes to provoke. he likes to provoke the adversary. the question is, are you going to confront donald trump with total firmness and dignity to >> that mutual respect --

but how? how? >> in terms of security. they need us. we have a 3000 kilometer border. getting back to the 1990's, the terrorist attacks, how many terrorists have entered the u.s. from mexico? zero. which country does texas export the most? mexico by far. more goods to mexico than all the u.s. exports to japan. we want that relationship of mutual respect. if you do not respect yourself, you are not going to get respect from others. the former foreign minister suggests we need to draw a redline. are you going to suspend cooperation issues? could you or any of the candidates?

you're going to be in office for six years. president trump may be here for eight years. your father, who was a brilliant intellectual, said the bullies can never be placated. you have to confront them because they only respect those people who respect themselves. we have to put all our cards on the table. everything has to do with relationship. firmness and dignity shown by mexicans, we will gain that respect. president that behaves with dignity and fully defend our national interests. we put everything on the table, all our cards. it's going to be a one-on-one negotiation. in those negotiations you get positive results. when you behave with firm courage and determination. >> i think courage is something when mexico faces an

adversary that threatens. if you don't face them, you don't tell them where the boundaries are, if you don't have that, what kind of relationship can we expect? what are we going to give up? those boundaries have been respected -- if those boundaries have been respected, diplomacy were work -- will work. >> do you have any rebuttal? time.s your toi believe you need strengthen our national economy first. to strengthen our export markets, agricultural

commodities, not just depend on oil exports. if we do this we will be stronger and we will not be at the mercy of any foreign government. >> candidate anaya. another segment talks about investments as well. in order for there to be jobs you have to foster greater investment. when you were mayor of mexico , -- let me hang on first. the investments dropped sharply. investments dropped precipitously when you were the head of the government of mexico city. when you don't have investments, you don't have jobs. how do you explain? >> i think the whole thing gets back to all three candidates. they are all deceiving the mexican people.

love.s of peace and in all three positions, he could not answer. he talks about trump, but his three children are in the united states. are not goinghem to be able to talk about trump because the have the same background. >> let's move on to the second segments of our discussion. a very important question you wanted to raise. >> the indignities the immigrants suffering, the way they are treating his terrible. , andw the massacre the way immigrants have been treated, and even immigrants that were kidnapped by criminal groups.

hope to help those immigrants who cross into mexico, whether they are central american, african, so that we can have that moral authority our mexican immigrants to be treated with dignity in the united states? informationcap some getting back to the humanitarian crisis. according to amnesty international, mexico exports more refugees to central america than the united states. two thirds of the central americans that go through mexico have been victims of some type of violence. women have been sexually attacked in our country. one third going through our country.

i think this is a very important thing we need to -- we have to treat them well. they are losing that humanity in our governments. if we stop just looking northward, we also need to look southward. if we turn into another , we can contain immigration in a humane manner. dignity. do it with understand need to and allow people -- people are going to the united states because they have jobs that pay

better, better living conditions . >> i think you are right. we are not going to have any ask thethority if we united states to treat our immigrants well, how can we do that if we are not treating the central americans coming to our country with dignity? we need to set an example. we need to cooperate with central american countries and peso invested one in cooperation is worth more than a peso invested in a ridiculous wall such as the one donald trump wants to build area would have to do many things in order to confront the problem. unaccompanied children, adolescents, that are facing the abuses that were mentioned, we need to invest in health care, we need to address immigrants --

the needs of immigrants. every time we see a child's in the immigration process, we are also faced with severe health problems. we need to have immigration hand-in-hand with health care. let me just mention, the challenge is so great, the government needs to work as a team. the churches are part of that team. they can help us a lot in dealing with this crisis. .> candidate lopez obrador >> i think it is up to us to continue negotiating the free trade agreement. we should include not only trade we also need to increase salaries. we should propose to the united signs government that we an agreement similar to the

alliance for progress that would include canada, the united states, mexico, and central american countries so we can launch projects in central america aimed at development, and that creating more jobs, improve living conditions, that is the copperheads a proposal that gets to the root causes. not just trade that should concern us, but improving living standards. what motivates people to leave their country and move elsewhere? president trump only praises mexico in one thing. the southern border should be the first line of defense. he likes that. the idea of a militarized -- of militarizing that. theowing that, should

southern border be a line of defense or entry for refugees? war,ose who are fleeing fleeing natural disasters, need to be received with open arms. let me recognize the people of tijuana. here are coming from the poorest country in latin america , in a way the donald trump does not want to receive the mexicans , how they have been integrated into society, how they are creating new families, working with dignity, with loyalty to the country that opened its doors. that is the kind of mexico i want. the of mexico that opens its arms to brothers and sisters who are suffering from elsewhere.

once we do that we will have the moral authority to demand the united states do the same thing. central americans are very what amal a,ause hundreds, each of them from guatemala,easons -- s, they ross -- hondoura want to take advantage of mexico. if we change the southern , if we change that into another magnet for -- that way we can empower, strengthen relations we have for many years that predates these crises and provide central america and mexicans more dignity so that we can coexist peacefully, so that we will benefit mutual

prosperity. >> i know that we will establish national immigration institute. our neighbors to the north would like us to continue to do their and detained central american immigrants on our border who are looking for better living standards. fleeing because of extreme poverty and violence. that institution, would be located here in tijuana.

>> the movement we were talking about earlier can be contained, but without any act of violence. you have to respect the people's dignity. we have no laws on our borders. people can do many things. on theseo work relationships with governments and individuals. . the southeastern part of the sonora, we cana, contain all those people by giving them jobs, improving infrastructure, improving opportunities. all these political parties here have not done their job. we need to create coalitions in order to improve standards.

providing asylum is very complicated in mexico. would you consider changing the mexicoin order to ensure receives more central american immigrants? >> of course. law --have elementary let's treat fellow citizens the way we want to be treated. demand -- haitians for example are asking asylum and being refused. mexican law is very rigid very we need cooperation with central america, with these countries that are -- those countries that , we also these people need to have the right legislation.

>> would you like to add to that? legislationrove our and our procedures, we can provide better services. >> a lot of that immigration is associated also with -- it is linked to human trafficking, money laundering, and other criminal enterprises. the right strike balance between immigrants who come here with willingness to are not committing any crimes and those who are encouraging criminal activity and many of them are victims. we have to look at these areas separately. >> candidate lopez obrador. toi reiterate that we need have a cooperation for development.

we have a product encompassing agreement with the united states that gets back to the creation of another alliance -- we need -- inch an agreement to north america and central america to try to attack the root causes. >> would you like to now conclude? >> yes, i think mexico must ,onsider the mexican immigrants they send back to mexico 585 billion pesos a year. over one billion -- we need to devote over a billion pesos to this program. lot of what wea programs wasting in

that just provide for welfare and leads to greater property. >> anything else? >> just one thing. hasry relevant issue with -- which has to do with money laundering. we have not seen transparency by other candidates. announcer: fbi director christopher wray and rod rosenstein testified there is a -- thursday before the house judiciary committee for actions taken by the justice department including the clinton email investigation. watch live today at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span3, c-span.org, or listen with the free c-span radio app. >> the c-span buses traveling across the country on our 50 capitals tour.

the bus stopped in fairbanks alaska, asking was the most important issue in alaska. >> i believe the most important , why is ouris nation -- i think for a built on immigrants, we are finding it hard to embrace our differences as a good thing, and that is creating a big divide and greater conflict then we really need at the moment. we should be fixing our problem-solving skills on something more important, not how we are different, because it is our differences that make us great. >> the most important issue to , we have a misconception

among the public we are falling behind. that is not the case. it is important for me for the and foro understand government to make arctic policy a bigger issue. >> i am a dentist here in fairbanks. i have been here since 1976. i came here from michigan. dental health is a big issue here in this state. whether it is in the cities, the rural communities, especially in the bush where there is no access to care facilities. the dentists in this state have volunteered. we treated thousands of people free of charge for two days.

course,ate sector, of the biggest burden -- a lot of the people here donated. offervernment facilities a great treatment in the bush areas where there is no other practice. i encourage everybody to remember their dental hygiene. >> i am a 33 year resident of fairbanks. the most important issue to me is our political divide. i was raised a moderate republican. i worry about the future of our country. it seems like there is no room for moderation anymore. what we have is conflict and nothing gets done in our political parties.

i would like to see changes in that respect. i also worry about our worldwide standing. i think historically we have been looked at as problem and i think that is changing, and not for the better. it is a big concern to me. be sure to join us july 21 and 22nd when we will feature our visit to alaska. watch alaska weekend on c-span, c-span.org, or listen on the c-span radio app. >> the heads of t-mobile and