and the 1944 film, alaska highway. watch alaska weekend saturday and sunday, july 21 and 22nd on ,he c-span network, c-span.org or listen on the free c-span radio app. the european your -- lead negotiator talked in washington dc and talked about negotiations and the effect of written leaving -- britain leaving the eu. this event includes audience questions.

elizabeth: good morning, everyone. i'm liz dibble, the chief operating officer here at the carnegie endowment for international peace and we are delighted this morning to welcome michel barnier, the eu's negotiator for brexit. when we planned this event we didn't know it would be quite so timely, but we were lucky in that regard. i think you are all very familiar with mr. barnier's illustrious career as a european statesman, first as a politician and cabinet member in france, and then with the european union starting in the -- with president borosso when he was in -- when he was president, he was given this very easy task of negotiating the brexit withdrawal in

december of 2016 and has been working very hard at that since then. so we're delighted to welcome mr. barnier this morning. he will speak for a few minutes and then we will have a brief conversation between us and then we will take questions from the audience. you all have a copy on your chairs of his powerpoint presentation and for those of you watching via the live stream, if you look on the side of the screen, you will see a place to access the pdf file so you can follow along. so without further adieu, let's welcome mr. michelle barnier. [applause] i'm going to go down here. okay. michel: so good morning to all

of you in this room and perhaps in the other room and the people watching online. thank you very much to you and your team at carnegie for inviting me this morning. i'm not sure this is an easy task. [laughter] it's a challenging task i can tell you to chair this negotiation in the name of the eu, the member states and with the european parliament to reach a deal. in fact, we can begin by just a personal remark. i regret this vote of the u.k. two years ago profoundly. but i respect it and now we will implement it. so today i'm finishing my visit in the united states, where i

wanted to make the european voice heard on brexit and just like in europe, ladies and gentlemen, no one i met in the united states during this week could find any added value to the brexit. let me briefly tell you where we are in these negotiations and i'm ready in a few minutes to answer to any question on the slides you find on your chair. in the process of the negotiation, the different elements we are at stakes. the u.k. will leave the european union the end of march 2019, next year, in a very few months. our goal is to ensure an orderly withdrawal. here is the draft treaty on

which we are working with the british delegations. i've published with my team in the name of the 27 member states this draft treaty under legal form, and we are working with the british negotiators to put in green all the parts of this draft treaty where we agreed, both sides. more or less today 80% of the content. so we have made good progress. we have agreed on key issues, to protect the citizen rights on both sides, 4.4 million people leaving -- in the u.k., are living in the member states to keep their current rights for employment, social rights,

residents' rights. we agreed on a financial settlement between the u.k. and the eu, what has been decided in the beginning of the period will be paid at 28 and we agreed also on the transition period of 21 months until the end of 2020, during which we will preserve the economic and social status quo between us. 21 months after the leave. if we agree and if we agree on the final withdrawal and the orderly withdrawal and this treaty. that means that to get to legal certainty on everything we need to have this treaty and for this

treaty to be ratified. and this will give businesses more time to adapt and public authorities also more time to prepare for the new status. there are, to be frank, a number of important issues remain open. the most difficult -- the most difficult, is ireland, where we have to find a solution to avoid the return of our border in the middle of ireland. i discussed this issue yesterday with the friends of ireland caucus on capitol hill. we shared the concern on preserving the good friday agreement. we must accelerate now our work and our future relationship with the u.k. the european leaders have

assured the u.k. a broad future partnership based on four pillars. you can see in one of my slides. one, a free trade agreement with no tariff, two, a specific cooperation in some sector of common interest such as aviation, three, police and judicial cooperation and, four, foreign policy security and defense. and all these issues, once again, we want to build a close partnership with the uk in the future and for the long-term. we are now analyzing the white paper published yesterday by the u.k. government and we will do it in the light of the european leaders guidelines, my mandate, and we will assess whether uk positions are workable and

realistic. a key element of this future relationship will for sure be about foreign policy, security and defense. let me focus this short remarks on this key issue, if i may. the u.k. is and will remain an important player in european security. the u.k. amounts for 20% of european defense spending. it is a nuclear power. it has a permanent seat in the u.n. security council and it has a large diplomatic outreach.

yet, uk leaving the eu does not put european security at risk. bilateral relations between uk and eu countries will continue. the partnership between the eu and nato will further expand. nato battalions deployed in poland, lithuania, latvia are not affected by brexit, and brexit does not put that relationship into question. still, the nature of the eu/uk relationship in defense is bound to change. what does that mean? as a member state you can shape the european union's action in diplomacy, development or defense. the u.k. will not longer be allowed to do that, because it has decided that it wants to leave the eu and to leave the council of minister, the european council. this is simply the consequences of the uk's decision to leave the european union. but, ladies and gentlemen, we share similar values with the united kingdom. we both promote a rules-based international order and we will continue to face the same global challenges, terrorism, cyber

attacks disinformation campaign and more broadly, the establishment of our continent. not a single european country , not a single european country, can solve these challenges along. alone. this is also true for other kind of challenges such as climate change, poverty, migration or financial crisis. building on all of this, our partnership in defense and security should be big in scope, we should cooperate where we share the same political objectives. for example, we will continue defending together the iran nuclear deal, while supporting the peace process in the middle east. it is already clear that we are largely converging on three issues with the united kingdom -- foreign policy, sanctions policy and military operations.

modalities of cooperation after brexit will have to be defined, exactly what is at stake for the weeks ahead in my negotiations. case, the more the united kingdom engages alongside the eu, the deeper our partnership is likely to be. our" operation was the united nurture the network of partnerships we haven't other partners. ladies and gentlemen, the eu investing in defense and security as a matter of priority and the 27 leaders and president on the commissions. it is our responsibility what we do not do for ourselves no one will do for us. this is even more true than ever.

though we are now running 16 missions, six of them are military operations to stabilize our neighborhood, fight against piracy, smugglers profiting in the mediterranean, stabilization of the balkans, contribution of the fight against terrorism. we are reviewing our common structures to be more responsive and more efficient and we are setting up a european defense fund to stop the duplication of weapon systems across europe, which cannot operate together. it is the first time, the very first time, that the eu budget will invest in military capabilities. for ately, my conviction long time, is that for a strong european defense, it means a stronger nato. just two examples, first, with the european defense fund i just mentioned, the member states

have good reason to invest more and better and together in defense. the debate on the european side of the atlantic is not only on howmuch we spend, but also efficiently we spend the money. the european defense fund should boost cooperation between member states. another example of close cooperation with nato is military mobility. the eu proposes to invest 6.5 billion euros to facilitate the cross-border movement of military assets. the friction-less transfer of assets and troops across europe, will ultimately benefit the eu and nato. so the eu and nato have a strategic partnership as confirmed yesterday in brussels. in particular, in the field of

cyber fight against terrorism or cyber threats. so just to conclude, ladies and gentlemen, the uk and the eu will not slow down these dynamics. it is certainly in the interest of the eu, the uk, nato and the u.s. that we are strong partners for the long-term in security. thank you very much and now i am ready to answer any questions. thank you very much. [applause]

criticizing the uk's approach to brexit and saying that this approach would probably kill a u.s.-united kingdom trade agreement. as he speak, i think president trump and prime minister may are doing their press conference after their meeting today, but does this change the eu's calculus at all or how does this impact how the eu is looking at this next stage of negotiations? michel: elizabeth, i am charged with the e.u. negotiations for the brexit of the u.k. and i am in charge of the negotiations with the uk. eu/uk. uk/eu.

elizabeth: i get that. [laughter] michel:so it's not my role to comment on going declarations just for right now, there is a press conference between president trump and theresa may. i don't want to comment. as a matter of fact, factually i can just say that the rule is clear and well known by everybody, including the uk because we have elaborated this rule with the uk for 44 years. we are working on the basis of -- as i just said in my speech, an ambitious free trade agreement with the u.k. for two grilli, as we did with canada in the last few months. as far as the trade policy is concerned, it's also possible

for the uk to ask to be part of a customs union with us on goods. that means in that case that the uk will be included in our trade policy for goods. they can be free to have any kind of free trade agreement for services of any country. and the rules are well known by everybody. and as with: the white paper was released yesterday, and i know that you haven't had a chance to study it in depth, but i am sure you have read it. michel: yes, i spent part of my night. elizabath: i'm sure you did. were there any surprises in there or anything that gave you perhaps some new openings, some new ways to move forward? michel: my team in brussels is

working clearly on the details of this proposal. first of all, the fact that the uk discussed about the future is welcome, it's a good thing. on my side, i have to work on the basis of a proposal to the u.k. a few months ago in march, a very precise and ambitious proposal. it's clearly described in one of these slides, if you look at these slides. slide, you at this can see what the architecture could be of the future relationship, in our view. then tell you, never in past have we proposed such a partnership with any country. never. never. this will be the first time. based on four pillars of cooperation, economic and trade, specific cooperation where we need to have an agreement with uk, internal security and external security and defense , those were the key points of my short speech at the beginning. the second pillar just for you

to understand, the uk leaving the eu in a few months, mechanically, automatically, they leave at the same time, the day after 750 international agreements we have signed in the name of the eu. 750. including what we call the "single sky." just an example to show you what means this second pillar. the single sky is a common organization for the european countries to organize the use of the sky, for a plane to land, a plane to take off, the conditions for the pilots, the certification and so on.

so we manage all the sky together. uk is leaving, it is their decision, so we have practically -- we must have an agreement with uk just for the british airlines planes to be authorized to land and to take off and on their side, they will have to negotiate with each and every country including the united states, such an agreement for their own. but we have to have it between u.k. and the eu. we must have a single sky agreement. that is our proposal. many toolbox that we have including new negotiations. elizabeth: in looking at the seem thatr, and does the u.k. has moved forward in its proposal. as we all know, prime minister may has gotten a lot of criticism and heat at home for what is being determined a soft

termed a soft brexit. you know, accepting harmonization of eu rules and trade. you yourself have said that up until now about 80% of what needs to be agreed has been agreed, leaving the 20%, which is probably the hardest 20%, but in any negotiation, it takes two to move. you see any flexibility on the eu's part? michel: just to avoid any misunderstanding and confusion, in this long and extraordinary , i will do everything for this brexit to be unique. there are steps. we have to put the steps in the right order. the first step is about the divorce, the separation the uk asked for.

we are organizing this orderly withdrawal much better than a disorderly withdrawal through this treaty. this is a precondition. what i said about the 80% agreed is about this treaty. the white paper published by the uk yesterday and the guidelines published by the eu leaders in march, or about the future relations. so, what is at stake is clearly the finalization of this treaty from now until october, a few whens, or november, and this treaty has been ratified x months after, we have to publish a political declaration about the future relations. that is why this white paper is useful and why we have to check

and assess it in line of the guidelines. so two different exercises, the agreement through a treaty is this paper and then a political declaration on the side. and obviously we will have to negotiate, but i have to negotiate on my side on the base of the guidelines, very clear guidelines of the european council. the european council is a council where the 27 leaders, head of states and government, meet every three months and they gave me a very clear mandate to negotiate with the uk and to protect the interests of the 27. that means that we have to protect what is the mainstream of the european union, the single market. and to be clear, the uk knows perfectly what this means

, because we have built a single markets with the u.k. for 44 years, and i can tell you, because i have been the commissioner of the single five years,5 just after the crisis. , thelding the u.k. architecture of regulation come out this intent of the u.s. tilt your own response to crisis through the dodd frank act. so the uk has always had a very huge and real degree of influence on the single market. the rules are clear and the foundations are clear. foundations are links to what we called the four freedoms. freedom of movement for people first, goods, services and capital. so, we have to work in the framework of these four freedoms to find the best solution possible for the duration of the

u.k.. elizabeth: you mentioned march -- michel: to be clear, i can just repeat that it could be a strange -- there is no justification for us to unravel what we are, because the u.k. is leaving, so we have to work -- the uk's leaving, so we have to protect what we are. to be open, but not at the detriment of the principals and the foundation of the single market. yes, you are right. the uk's leaving and the rest of your staying, but does that mean that -- there are other places in europe where you are hearing concerns, complaints, about the rules and regulations of the eu.

is this a point perhaps when the eu could take a look at taking more flexible approach to its relations with countries that are not full members? be precise. michel: i'm meeting once per week in the capital, the prime minister, the national parliaments, the stakeholders, business community and trade unions. i listen. and i'm a politician so i think we have to deal with the consequences of brexit but also to draw the lessons of the brexit and to listen to the people. not to confuse what is called populism with popular sentiment. we have to listen to people and to change what needs to be changed.

but i do not listen to any critic on the way the single market is working today. the single market is the foundation, it is our common and strongest asset. while the u.s. business could come into one country, be open at the same time as the 27 member states, same rules, same certification, same standards and supervision. that is a single market. so there is no critic in the contest about what we are as a single market. it is the base for all the european business and for all the european cities and consumers to be protected the same way and to be supervised and to be certified in the same way.

on top of this is common jurisdiction. when you are leaving this ecosystem of rules, standards and norms, you become a separate country, to the point, to the legal point. but to be more precise i think that we need flexibility for some of our policies and we are already have the right tools for the flexibility. for example, some countries -- you are not a member of the eurozone, some countries are not a member of the schengen zone. some countries are not a member of the structured cooperation defense. so i think that being 27, no longer 28, we need flexibility. i agree with you. but the mainstream, the foundation of the eu which is single market from the very beginning, never forget what happened at the very beginning after the second world war,

statemen decided to meet themselves and just to avoid to begin again the war between us . they decided to consolidate the political will through the economy. it was the first community for steel in the after the common 1950's. market through the treaty of rome, and after, the single market. so, this is the foundation of the eu and it is difficult to compromise on this foundation. but i need for many policies because you are 27, 28, we need some flexibility. just to be more precise, in our a tool for the --xibility called

corporations. that means that some countries can go their own way, take initiative, and the others are not obliged to follow. sometimes it is strange really are in washington and we have to explain what we are. [laughter] i am sorry, but the functioning of the eu is complex, because we are not a federal state. we don't want to be a federalist state. we are 28 nations, 28 people, 24 national languages, 28 national identities, different cultures, different traditions, and each and every of the european countries want to keep this difference. no? it is legitimate that french people want to keep their difference, the germans too.

the point is that for 60 years, we have succeeded with this national policy, part of our sovereignty, without merging everything. united doesn't mean uniform. united doesn't mean uniform. that is why it's so complex to keep the eu working. just to give you an example, it could be strange in the u.s. , because you speak the same language, but when i am in the european council meeting or the european parliament meeting to speak about brexit, all around the room, a large room, we have 24 cubicles with interpreters. cabin,erpreters in each illegally translating what i say, in french and in 23 other languages. this is complex. this is costly. so it could be less complex,

much less complex and much less costly. we can get rid of all the cubicles and speak the same language, english. [laughter] elizabeth: i don't want to monopolize the time but i want to ask one more question. michel: the european people don't want this kind of uniform europe. that's why it's complex. elizabeth: i am not sure the british people got that message. maybe if they had before we wouldn't be -- you wouldn't have a job. [laughter] michel: i work lots with the british people for a long time, i have been two times commissioner, i was clearly in a very positive way with them, for instance, for the financial regulation, which is a very sensitive issue for them. i rebuilt the architecture of the financial regulation in europe after the crisis. 41 regulations for banks and markets, products and we succeed

ed for 39 of the 41 regulations to get uk on board, the city on board with this organization. it was not by chance, it was my strategy to put in place this regulation, not against the city, but with the city. kingdom -- what other the countries, france, wanted to keep its difference, not to merge. it is legitimate. elizabeth: all right. last question for me and then we're going to go to the audience. 29, 2019,hat in march is the deadline. what if there isn't? : to be chosen by the brits? elizabeth: chosen by the brits. michel: later in march 17, choose the date and she knows at that time that two years after, the legal base of the treaty,

the date of withdraw -- the date of brexit withdrawal has been chosen by the british government. two years of negotiation. and if everything goes well, i'm working in that sense, starting from this date of march, we will begin the transition period, we will be maintaining the status quo for the economy and the single market, and the policies of the eu for the next 2 21 months. elizabeth: what if anything doesn't go well and what kind of contingency plans are you making? i mean, it is an ambitious negotiating schedule as you rightly point out. it was determined by the brits when they triggered article 50. but, what if it doesn't -- what if you cannot reach agreement? michel: on both sides you have to be prepared.

if you look at the white paper and the communique from prime minister may, she spoke about this, the risk of no deal. risk exists. my option is not no deal. my option is to reach a deal and i am working with my team to reach a deal, respected the rules and principles of the eu and the red lines of the united kingdom. but we have to be prepared for any option. in any case, we have to be prepared. companies and businesses have to be prepared for brexit. because to tell the truth, begs it means that business cannot be as usual -- brexit means business is not as usual. if you look at my favorite slide huh? copyright,

[laughter] michel: you can see on one side the different the different corporations with countries we have already. most integrated. eu and uk and remain to be members of the eu. second best would be to be a , the europeaneea space of economy, like norway. norway is out of the eu, but it is part of the single market and respecting the rules. the last one is what we called and we are committed to work with the united kingdom on this, it free-trade agreement like with canada, korea and japan. but all the steps are available for the united kingdom, beinging norway plus,

part of the single market, plus a customs union. it is their choice. and i put on the other side of the paper, the red lines in the united kingdom. they don't want to respect freedom of movement of people, which is a key point for us. the single market. they don't want to be part of our trade policies, they want to be independent. redwe will respect these lines. but also, they close a door. elizabeth: they go down the stairs. let's open it up to the audience. please wait for the microphone, identify yourselves and make it a question, not a statement. start right here.

>> i'm from itv news, i know you said you didn't want to talk about mr. trump -- but mr. trump said this, his advice is that we should walk away and leave the eu. michel: who is we? >> i'm british media. mr. trump's advice is that the uk should walk away and some people think that might be the best position. surely that should worry you. changed myave not position from the last 10 minutes, but all i can say is that i do not want to comment on the negotiations. but, the united kingdom is believing. this is the choice of the majority of the united kingdom citizens and we respect the vote. i am working from the last year, hard work, to deliver this

decision. the will of the united kingdom. i am working for a reasonable withdrawal, because it is a choice of the united kingdom government. >> morning. thank you so much for your remarks this morning. you said that you can envision a customs union. is, he worked as the eu commissioner for five years, it appears to me that the white paper chose a good industry as a sub brags it, which is comprised economy% united kingdom -- a soft brexit, as opposed to

a hard brexit. with regards to the renewed contracts in the financial industry, with the new white paper proposal, i would be interested in your view, qualified as the five years past eu commissioner. michel: i don't want publicly to go into details, but you are speaking about the preparedness for leaving, but also, the case for an orderly withdrawal. in which case, we need to check their carefully, what could happen to the financial markets. we havethe reason why created, between the ecb and the bank of england, a working group . we are working to identify the risks, mitigate the private sector in front of its own

responsibility. the private sector, asked first of all to be prepared and to watch their exposure to the united kingdom markets. that is a plan. i do not want to comment on the daily work of this group, but we are carefully preparing on this issue. elizabeth: mark. >> for the purpose of future cooperation with the united kingdom in the areas of social and judicial affairs especially, is it important to the eu that it remain a signatory on the convention on human rights? michel: yes. elizabeth: that was an easy one. michel: the key principle we have to take care for freedoms, the formation of a single market, the a ton of me of the

decisions of the 27 countries, respecting the nationally autonomy of the decisions of the --countries, respecting the care of theake freedoms, the formation of a single market, the autonomy of the 27 countries and also respecting the united kingdom and the integrity of the market, the politics. >> irish times. i just wanted to get some more of your views on the irish backstop. you mentioned in your presentation that 80% of the agreement has been more or less agreed.

you specifically said that ireland is a problem that needs to be resolved. where do things stand now, and do think there will be a deal made by october? michel: following my mandate which is on the side of the government. i'm the negotiator and 26 others we must have an agreement. if we wanted a treaty, we must have an operational backstop for ireland, if i can give you some more details. if we want an orderly withdrawal . if i could use your question to we are verytails -- clear on tariffs. then't want to come back on common history between the two countries, but on this island, you have three countries and no we callthanks to what the good friday agreement 20

years ago. it established a piece and dialogue between the communities in northern ireland, where there is no border. there is no border between south and north, 142 different types of corporations. from human, social, environmental, health, economic issues. this is the good friday agreement. i am very engaged and involved in this process, because i have been at the commissioner 15 ears ago, of the original peace program. so, we have to be very careful. us, arees, the u.k. and committed to protecting the good friday agreement and all of its dimensions. that means, no borders. but the point is, this part of

the island, which is a part of the united kingdom, leaves the single market and a customs union. so to protect the consumers and the businesses, and the markets everywhere, we implement an external border of it eu, with .ll of these controls it had them in your paper, you can spend part of your weekend to read it. [laughter] these are all the controls implemented at each and every external border of the eu everywhere. greece, bulgaria, finland, the latvia,ingdom, france, everywhere. we implement all of these controls of the goods coming inside the single market. we suspect the norms and standards and security protections. also, these are

already implemented in belfast. for the goods coming from the rest of the united kingdom into northern ireland, from veterinary controls, animal controls, they're all .mplemented in belfast already us,hat is at stake just for protecting the integrity of the these market, implement controls somewhere. i'm not speaking of a border, i am speaking of controls. i will try within the next few re-dramatize these controls. they are safe to controls, custom checks. we will see where and when we can implement these controls, to ensure that there is a market area and is not a question of the border to be clear, i want

to respect -- we want to respect the united kingdom unity, the institutional order of the united kingdom, but we have to implement controls somewhere, if there is no border area and that is a point. in any case, mrs. may recognizes the responsibility of protecting the good friday agreement. she agreed in an official letter in march, that there will be a backstop to the agreement. we findd unless together, a better solution after. so in any case, we have a backstop, which we have proposed. that could be amended, challenged or improved, but we need a backstop to ensure that ensurere no border -- to no border, no controls. i am very concerned by this situation. i wanted to ireland, north island a few weeks ago come

-- northerneland ireland. it is dangerous. the situation is not just about goods, it is about peace. peace. thank you. my name is andrew, hide, i am curious about your time in washington. >> who are you? >> and your hide. i am interested about your time in washington. what are you seeking from the united states -- may be leaving , -- sun" interview aside what are the other elements you in washington? what do you see the u.s. role being in terms of brexit, what does the eu need to make brexit a success from your standpoint? michel: in terms of solidarity,

-- solidarity, it seems to me that it is useful to give the european vision, the european in these negotiations, for the european voice. that is my goal this week in the u.s.. i will spend two days in the new york meeting ambassadors from the united nations, stakeholders , three days in washington the minister of trade and minister of finance, the chairman of the federal reserve said many other people. capital, i mete congressman and members of the friends of ireland. just to explain what is it stake, what the agenda of the is, why we want to reach an agreement with the united kingdom, and also, to

these the limits of negotiations. one point that i mentioned in my that none of my meetings in these last five days , did i listen to somebody telling me that i was here to devalue the brexit. none of them. the same in europe. faraj, i met him in my office and it was a very stimulating meeting -- [laughter] he was not able to give me proof igel far mys a --n last question after meeting himrage. farage -- when i first

, i wanted to ask him, what do you see after brexit? you were one of the leaders of the brexit campaign. how do you see the future relations between the united kingdom and the eu? he sat in silence, and his answer was, sir, the eu will no longer exist. we will no longer exist. i am not ready to give this farage.o mr. fo elizabeth: i think we have time for one more question. 2.hel: it depends on my answer. [laughter]

reporter: you mentioned earlier, deeper cooperation with nato. i was wondering, there are a couple of countries in the eu that are of course, not members of nato, countries where right-wing, populist parties use the maintenance of their .eutrality to great effect speaking particularly here of the freedom party and austria. how do you square the two between deeper nato cooperation and also presenting parties or movements from using this to -- preventing parties or movements from using this to anti-euind of an organization? there are some countries today who are not a member of sweden,such as finland, so we have to respect this position, this neutrality, if i may say. but what seemed interesting to

me, which is the reason why i aink what we are doing for stronger european defense policy is useful in the global context, these countries are part of our european policy of defense and security. it is their sovereign decision to be part of nato, but they are part and sometimes, often very active partners of our new initiative in defense and .ecurity matters the european fund for defense, the corporation i mentioned of 24 countries, so this is what i -- what i have thought for a long time, that what we are doing to strengthen the european defense policy, the european defense capability,

capability, or research, our investments, is useful for defense. i think so. elizabeth: last question. >> thank you very much. i particularly appreciated your comments on mr. nigel farage, which leads me to ask about david davis. it has been reported in the media that you are looking at three meetings, that you met up to four hours at the first half of this year. it would be interesting to hear your comments on what he would like to say in these meetings. i would not like to comment on these meetings, these were negotiations.

but to be clear, for a long time, i had a cordial relationship with david davis. i had known him for quite a long time, because we were together until 2007, the european minister in france. i have always had a cordial relationship with david davies, but i don't want to comment on how the british delegation is organized. it is the responsibility of mrs. the britishnt to negotiator. but i can tell you, the british negotiators are competent and very respectful person's. last question, madame?

>> salud. i am from the globe post. do you think the eu would consider partnering with the u.s. on a european defense fund? -- i did not understand. certain countries, including the u.s. -- it is an ongoing .ecision i think, my answer is yes, but respecting the autonomous decision of the 27 countries. we are prepared to have relations with these countries for many of the new initiatives of the eu, including the structured cooperation, where i think there is a place for

bilateral cooperation. case, respectively economist decisions of the 27 countries, no? pleaseth: thank you, jamie and thanking our guest for a wonderful session. [applause] interesting,ery and i think you have a lot of work ahead of you. i hope you will have a little time on sunday -- >> to watch the game? elizabeth: to savor a eu victory. thank you so much. [no audio] [applause]

[inaudible conversations]

>> this weekend on american history tv on c-span3, saturday at 8 p.m. eastern on "lectures in history, call, a professor

from the university of connecticut on the reconstruction era. ica, 81918el amer french film dedicated to america's efforts in world war i. sunday at 2 p.m. eastern, the national world war ii museum symposium marking the 27th anniversary of the film, saving private ryan. then, as 6:00 p.m., the american artifacts exhibition featuring french world war i soldiers. watch this weekend on c-span3. >> monday night on "the communicators." morgan read representing some 5000 app developers talks about privacy, cyber security and an upcoming supreme court case in next term that examines whether apple has a monopoly on app

sales. he is interviewed by the political technology reporter -- technology reporter from the co. >> sure, all the in the vision on your iphone -- all of the innovation from your phone right now comes from our members. your phone and tablet an, interesting, valuable and useful. we think of you as our customer. so much so, that we don't really care what platform you are on. application that provides you a service, and you decide to switch from android to apple, or apple to android, you are my costamare, regardless of which -- you are my customer, regardless of which fled from you are on. if anything good to blackberry, i still want to consider you my customer. this is a renovation of an older case regarding the question of, who is ultimately the customer?

our interest is, we think it would be devastating to the small businesses and innovators, if the court were to i believe, incorrectly, determined that we are merely employees or vendors of apple or google inc. communicators monday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span two. >> director of national talksigence dan coats, about counterterrorism and russian interference in u.s. elections at an event hosted by the hud and institute in washington dc. he also discussed efforts to protect the country's computer infrastructure. this is 45 minutes.

>> good afternoon and welcome to the hudson institute. we are a policy organization dedicated to the global engagement for a secure, free and prosperous future. i would like to welcome our audience present, as well as the c-span during audience. i am truly honored to welcome a remarkable public servant and a good friend of the hudson institute, to be with us this afternoon, director of national intelligence, dan coats. dan coats, of course, served with great distinction as a member of the house and senate in indiana, as well as the u.s. ambassador to germany. during a long career in public service, he told me as we were coming up here today, he has twice failed retint