when they graduate from the camp, that is the culture they are brought into. sunday atafter words" 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2's booktv. >> tonight at 8:00 p.m. on c-span, african-american lgbtq leaders talk about issues facing their communities, including acceptance, inclusion, and civic engagement. >> we have talked about voting, we have talked about running for office, but there is somewhat political work that has to happen beyond those things. right? david was saying just as we have been here policy is moving to prevent queer people from being parents! from adopting children and fostering children! it is better for a child to stay in the system then, evan for been, -- than, heaven for been, two queer people adopting them.

>> what's on c-span, c-span.org, and listen on the free guest: radio app. -- free c-span radio app. >> "washington journal" continues. host: we are talking with jayne o'donnell, policy expert at "usa today." what are e-cigarettes? guest: you take nicotine, heat it up, and it becomes an inhalable vaper. many adults do not know, most adults know them as juuls, but there are many different brands. are there currently regulations that govern the e-cigarette industry as a whole? there yes and no you're is something called demings regulations where a certain were for devices that

sale, i believe it was 2016, do not have to meet more rigorous standards until 2021, i believe, be at that time, there will regulations to prove they are not dangerous. you might remember that before juul came around, the last year or so, it became everything particularly on college campuses. you heard a lot about them exploded. that is what a lot of us who are non-smokers were remembering, that they could blow up and really harm people. host: e-cigarettes meant to be a new form of smoking, or were they meant to be a way for people to stop smoking, or both? guest: definitely the second, the latter.

they were supposed to help people and they are intended to help people quit smoking, because they still have nicotine, like nicotine gum covered public health and health-related issues for just about five years and other issues for decades, it is a fascinating public health dilemma. if you look back to, like, covered airbags, airbags kill kids, but they save adults. they can kill small people, but they also, because they were designed for larger people, it becomes quite a challenge. host: we want you to join a conversation about e-cigarettes this morning. we will divide the lines are little differently than we did the last segment. oryou are in the eastern central time zones, we want you to call in at (202) 748-8000. . oryou are in the mountain pacific time zones, we want you

to call in at (202) 748-8001. and if you are a user of e-cigarettes, we really want to hear from you. we want you to call in at (202) 748-8002. once again, you can always reach us on social media him on ,witter @cspanwj facebook.com/cspan. fda commissioner scott gallo spoke with us. here is what you had to say. [video clip] gallo: no child should be using e-cigarettes. we will be taking action to try the situation. we're going to change the marketing to kids, including e-cigarette products. we are concerned about this, because i believe e-cigarettes

might present a viable alternative for adults who still want to use nicotine, but i worry that if the use continues at the rate that we are seeing , and we had of seeing a whole generation of young people hooked on nicotine through e-cigarettes, the viability of those products long-term are going to be put into doubt. either congress is going to step in to do something, or we are going to have to step in to do something, and not want to see that come about. i want to see this product provide an alternative to adults who want access to nicotine but who can no longer get it through cigarettes because we are regulated content of cigarettes. host: rbc and children using -- are we seeing children using easter eggs at school -- using e-cigarettes at school? guest: everywhere. in thes ways to do it classroom, where you cannot see some were and

telling me it is even more concerning to them than smoking, because now there are even smoking regulations, there is a limited amount of time that you can smoke a cigarette, but you can actually vape all night and all day. host: wow. let's go to gym who is calling in from riverdale, california. you are on the air. good morning. caller: good morning. ask your guests, she was speaking about public health dilemma. in light of the fact that we know how destructive nicotine is in that it is addictive and the issue, general: a health why over the years has nicotine not been banned? well, i think there are probably a number of people who would like to the band. public health advocates would love to see that. smoke.s of people it is still, interior areas like washington, d.c., they do not

realize people still smoke. there would be a tremendous backlash by people who smoke and the special interest industry to that. i fight you would say something about why there would not be stricter regulations against cigarettes. if they were to move in that direction, it would probably be far more gradual, and the fda regulations that are being considered, that are very long-term right now, that they announced in advance notice, really it is just looking at all tobacco products, so there is a chance they were not allowed labor who hookahs, which is done at some of these cafés, and then ols, which is problematic because it. they get is not quite as destructive. a question on twitter is

similar. they do not have as many chemicals in them. guest: they do present a risk of something called popcorn lung, which i remember vividly because a former colleague of mine wrote about it. that can lead to death, at least if you're working in a popcorn factory. i do not know how to pronounce the ingredient, but that can cause lung damage, but lung cancer is the single biggest killer when it comes to cancers in this country, and 80% to 90% of lung cancer is caused by tobacco smoking, so the risk is far greater for cigarettes than it is for vaping, at least what we know now, and it is hard to imagine it would pose that kind of damage to our public health. host: let's go to andrew: from michigan, who is an e-cigarette

user. andrew, good morning. caller: good morning. thank you. i'm really happy you got me right after the popcorn. i have been vaping since 2005. you are linking cigarettes and vaping together. to me that is hilarious. two 2005, i have started vaping, and i wanted to do it on an airplane. they have made vaping akin to smoking, and it is not akin to smoking, because it is not have the carcinogen affects. and the popcorn lung is ridiculous. it has popcorn flavoring. as for standards go, everyone i know who vapes they only vape made inuy america by americans.

you do not want to go chinese unless you want to go super cheap. i understand vaping is very because itcigarettes does have the nicotine, but it does not have the carcinogen affects that killed so many lies that you speak about. guest: i think i just said, and i can certainly emphasize more, that vaping, based on what we know now, and it is hard to imagine it would change very much, it does not present nearly the health risk. you are not going to be able to approach the risk of smoking as it relates to lung cancer to deaths in this country. i do want to mention to the caller that i did not selectively choose the people that i quoted in the story, that i did it for "usa today." i talked to young people, the ones that i reach and would allow me to use their names, and

there was a lot of interchanging of vaping and smoking. it may be different, and i suspect it is, for people who are older and go from smoking to vaping, but these who are drinking at a party, if they can bum a cigarette, they bomb a cigarette, and they go back and forth from vaping and smoking. one young man quit because he became concerned how addicted he became to vaping. they are very high nicotine, the juul -- i suspect the caller but itot use the juul -- has a lot nicotine, and it is much easier to hide. host: re: e-cigarettes tobacco only, or are we being e-cigarettes being used with marijuana as well? are quite evident young people i know who say,

even one in my family, knew of something, now that she used -- to my knowledge -- called a dab pen where they are putting a marijuana oil in that, so there is a fair amount of that going on as well, yes. int: let's go to rob calling from dallas, texas. uses e-cigarettes. rob, good morning. caller: good morning. listen, i am glad i am on e-cigarettes. i smoke cigarettes for 25 years and endured three strokes of the results of the chemical composition within tobacco, so i am so glad that i am on e-cigarettes. they are terrific. too, and i suspect your doctor is and your family members. congratulations for quitting smoking. host: let's go to larry who is

calling from liberty town, maryland, who also uses e-cigarettes. larry, good morning. caller: good morning. years, and ifor 54 only quit when my wife goti havr three years and i feel better. i am much healthier. i don't have the smell anymore. that was my comments. guest: i understand. that goes to the dilemma i described. it is difficult when you have --ething that can help the 10 truly help so many -- can help,lso potentially help, so many the republicano

who isn general traditionally low on regulation is concerned about hooking another generation on nicotine. ofy have gone to a lot shops. they're going after them for selling to minors. it depends on the state. you could have to be 21 or 18. some have been taken off the market. butn't remember the name, one vape shop owner in falls church, virginia, paper solutions dmv, was telling me something on the market that had pink sprinkles that would come out of it. but itomen would buy it had a very dangerous chemical you would not want anyone to be smoking. host: what is the reaction from

the e-cigarette industry to possible new regulations from the fda? guest: they are freaking out. they are very concerned. the young man who owns the shop in falls church, they have one in california and one in texas, he is selling t-shirts in the back. he is preparing for the day he may have to change his business. on the other hand he is noting awayhey, if you take flavors, the big draw for young people. sold, there has been a controversy over alcohol, they are sold in kid-friendly looking packages with cotton candy, so it is little surprise .ids want to use that he says flavor can be added after market as well.

if you want to join this conversation we want you to call in. (202) 748-8000. in the mountain and pacific time zones. .202) 748-8001 if you are an e-cigarette user, we want you to tell us about your experience at (202) 748-8002. let's go to donna from chicago, illinois. you are on the air. caller: yes, i am. i have a concern. i believe the e-cigarette companies and tobacco companies that make cigarettes are cousins. with the e-cigarettes, we don't know how long it will take before serious effects come into play. the same way they did with cigarettes. cigarettes, you could smoke cigarettes for 20 years and all of a sudden you get cancer. with the e-cigarettes, if the fda doesn't regulate them we

will see something we aren't even prepared for. don'ting the flavor, i understand the fda wanting to remove the fruity flavors from cigarettes, but they left a menthol. gateway flavor for young people marketed to african-americans. regulate e-cigarettes, take them off the market, and take mental out of regular tobacco -- menthol out of regular tobacco. i hope they would step down and say we have enough people dying, we spend a lot of money on medicare to take care of folks. we need a generation of folks that are healthy. if you are smoking or vaping for five years, you are addicted. guest: you made many good points. i'm glad that you brought up menthol.th have -- with african-americans

it has been targeted towards the african-american community for years. there's so many health risks for many african-americans. i read a lot about patient safety, and i find it concerning that conditions in hospitals, particularly in the nation's capital, where african-americans are being treated. back to banning e-cigarettes, there is a cost-benefit. because of the far greater risk -- you are correct there could -- we could learn more about e-cigarettes, but now the benefit seems to be greater if you can help a number of adults quit cigarettes. but, as commissioner gottlieb mentions, if you could help five adults quit smoking that you hook one young person on nicotine, that might not be a good enough trade-off. he wants it to be better.

i expect it would be more likely there would be a crackdown on some of the flavors, and more enforcement so young people can't get it. the harder they try to keep it away from young people, the more attractive it will be in many cases. host: we saw the company juul in "thell-page ad washington post" aimed at parents to let them know what juul was and what they need to know about e-cigarettes. thewe seeing my concern as school year gets closer with kids bringing e-cigarettes to school and going into bathrooms? they don't have the smoke cigarettes have so there's less warning for teachers this is going on. concern. is a big we quoted someone from the local fairfax county school system here. they are banning them, largely.

it is still happening everywhere. there are memes on twitter about bathroom vapes. it is quite concerning. host: john in california who uses e-cigarettes. you are on the air. are you still there. caller: tom, i thought you said john. i am 80 now. i have been smoking since i was in elementary school. i have joined the navy. that is when i really started buying packs of cigarettes. smoking a pack a day. then it was two packs a day. i did that for years. i was -- i started having some health issues, but i started 4 yearsthe e-cigarettes

cigarettes. give up i started out with a small amount of nicotine. you could average it a percent 8% or 12%. i thought, i don't get any satisfaction. it is just the idea of having it in my hand puffing on it. to zero nicotine. i have been doing it ever sucks. ince. i don't know what to say. guest: you certainly made the point. that is such a public health success story. i think health officials -- that is exactly what they don't want to lose. that potential.

can you imagine the cost to the health care system if everyone who like tom started smoking that young ended up with lung cancer and ended u in the hospital. we could avoid the cost and the suffering. that is something they don't want to lose. i don't see them banning them. host: we see people moving from cigarettes to e-cigarettes. are we seeing people moving from cigarettes to e-cigarettes to nothing, or do they continue using the e-cigarettes with no nicotine? guest: i have not spoken to any that have gone to nothing, but i -- excusemething my story quitn in both. he started a job out of college and he quit. host: cold turkey? guest: as someone who writes other things,and

compared to other things we could be putting in our mouth coming young people say "it is not as bad as some things we could be doing." yeah, but there's not a chance you will vape or do drugs. you could be doing both. caller: i was a smoker for a while. i quit before the e-cigarettes came out. it is an interesting topic you have this morning. trying to regulate and help people get healthier, i find it hypocritical and contradictory now we are promoting and seeing states accepting marijuana use, way beyond medical, for recreational. i would like to ask your guest what her thoughts are about regulating marijuana. you. guest: say what you will about the mediaguest:, i do try to look at both sides of these issues and try not to say my

opinion. i can see an washington, d.c., outside of new haven, connecticut where i grew up, there have been a lot of people incarcerated for many years of their life. communitiestated when people have gone to jail over marijuana. alcohol is at epidemic levels. there are people dying in their midlife from alcohol, it is actually up. isn't quiteme that as concerning, but i certainly find it worrisome. i'mll say it as a parent, about to send my only child to college, and there are several things on my list i worry about. both getting hooked on marijuana and bathing are on -- and vaping

are on the list. i would put marijuana ahead of vaping. who also uses e-cigarettes. good morning. are you there? clark, good morning. caller: can you hear me? host: we can hear you now. go ahead. guest: go ahead, clark. host: we are losing clark. let's go to chris from mclean, virginia. can you hear me. caller: i can hear you, can you hear me? host: go ahead. of nicotine inel e-cigarettes and regular tobacco, can you comment on the levels in each and how they are marked in packaging? is equal to a pack of cigarettes and nicotine. that doesn't tell you a lot. i had to ask some of the young

people i spoke to in particular. the ones that were really into aote-unquote juuling would do pod in a day. the young man who owned a vape shop in falls church set it to 2 1/2 days.ok him 1 that is still quite a bit of nicotine. it can be a very high level of negative. -- of nicotine. has thepod in a juul amount of nicotine in an entire pack of cigarettes? guest: yes. i was shocked when i heard that. i had no idea. a lot of us have these habits -- we might chew gum or drink a lot of diet coke.

you can do that all day pretty much, right? you can juul all day, so going through a pod business hard to do. host: what our schools doing? are they banned at school, are they searching students, are parents?ing to what are they doing to stop children from bringing e-cigarettes to school? as far as i know, my own child's school has sent notes. there taken them away from young people. i'm not sure what the punishment is. i know that colleges are trying to crack down on it, too. and stand at some colleges. on a slightly lighthearted note, i have a friend with a sign that she has made up on wood, "no vaping in this house."

you have to go outside to vape it any teenagers come over to her house. it is very hard to please. their -- to police. there are ways to not have smoke. if you have a lecture hall, and a student is sitting in the back, it is very hard to police. host: is it illegal for children to buy and use e-cigarettes? guest: yes. of course, you have the internet. it is easier for them to buy online. get is the truth initiative. a young person was able to buy a replacement device. she was like 14. host: john. from hot springs, arkansas. go ahead. caller: my understanding is

nicotine is even more addictive than heroin, that is what i have always heard. i think the fda is the most hypocritical organization in the world. they know that these cigarettes theyad for people, yet continue to let them be sold in the united states. they are supposed to protect us from drugs being brought in that are harmful. packan walk up and buy a of cigarettes if you are over 18 without any problem. of course, it is all about taxes. they don't want to lose the tax money they are getting off of cigarettes. i have a thought that i have thought about for a long time. if tobacco was introduced to the colonists by the american native, native americans, this is the curse of the native americans. they're getting back at us for

stealing their property and their country. that is just what i think. i think the fda is a bunch of hypocrites. that is the main point. guest: i want to address that aspect of it, but i will say a someone who covers the opioid epidemic and works closely with a colleague in cincinnati who is a heroin reporter for the usa today network, the overdoses from opioids is a far bigger concern than nicotine and vaping certainly. certainly, more people die of lung cancer at this point than are overdosing on opioids. that is another story for another day whether the opioid epidemic has been overblown and is hurting chronic pain patients. the fda is a very interesting agency. i've only recently started reporting on it. heroin is banned.

opioids are a very controlled substance. adderall is a controlled substance. they are pretty well controlled. i am not sure they would be a very strong argument for banning vaping rather than certain types of alcohol. they would cause more damage than vaping. host: orlando, from the bronx, new york. caller: i have been listening to your conversation. i'm surprised they are not making the conversation with vaping and cocaine. it is a rock that turns into oil and is vaped. what they are doing with the e-cigarettes, this is less dangerous but vastly addictive and quickly. just like cocaine base is. you try it and you keep on

smoking. i have seen people with e-cigarettes all day. that certainly is what happened. i don't know if you are talking about crack cocaine, but that is a very, very big problem in washington and many urban areas. blight overuite a the city in the late 1980's, and i know it is coming back to a certain extent. it is different when it comes to levels of risk. host: calling from edmonds, washington. joanne, you are on the air. caller: i used to be a smoker. i am 80 years old and i started smoking when i was 14. 1968 ied on january 1, was going to quit. three days into it -- hello? three days into it i was having

the worst day of my life. this lady came into where i worked and asked me how i was doing and i said i was having a horrible day. i quit smoking, and it was just terrible. smoking, when you quit you don't ever have to do it again. when you diet you have to keep eating. i was on the path to quitting. it was the best advice i ever got. guest: yeah, you make a good point. i've heard quitting smoking is very hard compared to even quitting drinking. someone who quit both many years ago told me until you are in the final stages of alcohol, you are not waking up and having a drink. many people will wake up and have a cigarette. have breakfast and have a cigarette. eating, everyone has to eat to

survive. you do make a good point. it is not quite as hard as some things. host: robert, calling from little rock, arkansas. caller: good morning. these things i thought had adjusters ticket 10 milligrams of nicotine per cigarette, and you adjust the vapor to give you 2 milligrams of cigarettes per how many puffs you have to take. i just heard a guy talking about freebasing. they can vaporize marijuana. they are supposed to be able to adjust them. guest: i don't know about the cocaine part, but the use of with the family

mentioned. i know from speaking with people in the industry, people who vape, yes, if you go to a vape shop --if you wanted to quit smoking, that would be the thing do. they can help you decide what level of nicotine to get so you can taper yourself down possibly down to the level of the nicotinecoloraller, zero and you are perhaps doing it just for the oral fixation. that is a very big benefit. one of the many downsides to the young people doing it, starting it without doing it to quit because they are not underage they are not going to a shop. they could be getting a high level of nicotine because they are using the juul, perhaps a

getting it on the slide from someone older. host: dave, from galveston, texas. caller: good morning. i would like to ask the lady in question. does nicotine have any medicinal value at all? guest: i'm glad you asked. it depends on how we define medicinal. there are medicines we can buy that would calm us down or give us a little boost. that is what the young people who i talked to who were doing it not because they were trying to quit smoking, but doing it to de-stress. i spoke to a consumer psychologist and a child psychologist, and they both ancribed there is attraction to the device on the consumer side.

it has become something that is considered hip and trendy because it has a social media presence. the child psychologist talked about how young people were doing it to get a lift ticket through depression or anxiety. to the previous caller, try cold turkey and you will end up like this young person described to me who had to quit for a vacation with her family because her father didn't know and she was sleepless, shaky, headaches, and felt moody. it can be a tough withdrawal. host: are e-cigarettes advertised in the same way as cigarettes? i know there are a lot of controls on the way cigarettes are marketed to everyone. there are warning labels. do e-cigarettes have to follow that, or is it a completely different industry? you pointed out in the

washington post and many other publications -- they are able to advertise which is something you don't see postop you don't see cigarette ads in the newspaper anymore. i ha covered the federal government and congress my entire career. it is hard for them to keep up with industry. it is moving quickly and the rule-making process is very slow. rules. did not propose they just announced they may propose rules. that adds more time to it already. there is quite a bit of research, some say, anyway. north jetson, indiana. caller: good morning. thank you for c-span. i'm calling in regards -- i am not really familiar with vaping. seen tobacco in the past,

but i have never smoked. these kids know. -- heard the news christina fromto lake wales, florida. good morning. caller: i was wondering what tears the body down faster, alcohol or nicotine? guest: it depends on what you mean by tears the body down. there is a far more damaging effect to drunkenness. cirrhosis of the liver and things like that for somebody who was a very high level -- someone who drink an enormous quantity could get cirrhosis of the liver. nicotine by itself could present fewer public health risks than alcohol.

host: jacqueline from philadelphia. good morning. caller: hi. i am 82. i quit smoking when i was 60. that was the second time. i quit 15 years before that. i want to say how i quit the second time. i used to deny myself candy, loved.te, everything i i went out and bought every kind of candy i loved and put it in my stash. every time i wanted a cigarette, i had a hershey bar. it worked. i am 82, and think god. that is something to consider, replacing it. the candy, it worked. balloon to 300 pounds personally if i did that. something like that, there are other things you can do.

drink lots of water. chew sugar-free gum. i want to mention there are public health -- maybe not public health benefits, but a fair number of documented benefits to limited use of alcohol. myself, but there are plenty of studies that some alcohol could be good for you. there are also plenty of studies that say it is not. host: bob from huntsville, alabama. caller: thank you for taking my call. host: go ahead, bob. caller: and wife smoked cigarettes since she was 14 years old. she was 65 and quit cigarettes and smoked e-cigarettes for six months. she got tongue cancer in the middle of her tongue, a big lump, and had to get it cut it

cut out.she went back to smoking cigarettes , and smoked cigarettes for two years, and then quit. guest: i'm not a doctor. tongue cancer, i am surprised that would be caused by e-cigarettes. i'm glad she quit for good. host: we would like to thank inne o'donnell for coming and talking to us about e-cigarettes. mckenna talking about the emergence of a experts fungus and how are working to combat the spread of infections. we will take more comments the last half-hour of the show. stay with us. ♪ eastern,at 10:30

booktv is live at the mississippi book festival for their fourth annual literary lawn party of the state capita in jackson with discussions on race, poverty, politics, and leadership. authors include sheryl cashin, author of "loving: intimacy in white america and the threat to white supremacy." geoff davis, author of "gulf." zito, author of "the great revolt." and frank williams with his book "lincoln as hero." join us for the mississippi book festival. sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span "q&a," historian john

purling talks about his book "apostles of revolution" and the struggle in america and europe. john: if they could come back and he america today and see the most important play on broadway now and for the last several years, a play that lionize his alexander hamilton and vilifies jefferson and ignores payne and see the maldistribution of wealth in the united states and the amount of people that i effuses american politics today, they would see many of the things that no one in the united states today bore an uncanny resemblance to the england that they had revolted against. >> sunday night