strategic blunders in american history. >> james mahon, sunday night on c-span q&a. >> with 11 days until the midterm elections, former president obama will be holding a rally in milwaukee to support senator tammy baldwin. tony u-verse is running for governor of wisconsin. we will have live coverage on c-span. president trump will be campaigning for republican candidates at a rally in charlotte, north carolina. starting at 7:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2. the c-span networks, your primary source for campaign 2018. coming up next on "washington journal," your calls and comments. then we are live in montpelier, vermont with vermont the tenant governor david zuckerman.

reporter steven brill discussing journalism and fake news. political polarization in the united states. ♪ host: good morning on his friday, october 26th. 11 days to go before election day and we are talking to seniors only. the influential voting block with a turnout of 71% in 2016 and 53% voting for donald trump. seniors are motivated to vote in this midterm election. we want to know which party you plan to vote for. if your a senior in the eastern central part of the country, dial in at 202-748-8000. mountain, pacific, 202-748-8001. you can join us on twitter as

well at @cspanwj or go to facebook.com/cspan. good morning to you. start dialing in now. let me show you a morning consult poll. whose number one issues are medicare and social security say they would vote for a democratic candidate while 33% picked a republican. 17% prioritize seniors issues and the second highest priority after the economy. the washington post said yesterday president donald trump's focus and the administration's focus has shifted to health care issues with less than two weeks to go before midterm elections. outs move aimed at lowering medicare cost. his administration is moving to stop global freeloading by

foreign nations when it comes to the prices americans pay for prescription drugs buried the president and his aides are shifting his focus to health care with the election around the corner. here is the president yesterday in washington. [video clip] >> this is a revolutionary change. nobody has had the courage to do it or they just did not want to do it. this is a change for the people. this is not a change for pharma. or companies or this is a change for the people. this is substantially a change in drug prices. host: the top democrat in the senate, chuck schumer of new york responded saying it's hard to take the trump administration and republicans seriously about reducing health care costs for

seniors two weeks before the election when they implemented policies that strip away protections for people with pre-existing conditions. seniors only this morning. is this a move by the president that you support? is that what is driving your vote or what are the issues that are important to you and how do you plan to vote because of those? northhear from john in carolina. you are up first. go ahead. caller: i am voting straight republican. host: ok, why? caller: democrats have gone crazy. host: in what way? in what way, john? goner: they have just socialist and you see how they acted toward judge brett andnaugh and maxine waters nancy pelosi.

and chuck schumer, i do not want them leading the senate and directing this country. president trump, he has lowered thetaxes he has moved embassy to jerusalem. however you say that word. got jobs coming back -- companies coming back. america first. host: what about his move yesterday on medicare and lowering drug prices? are you on medicare? caller: i am on aetna medicare. yeah, i get all my drugs. i am on low income, so i get my drugs three. host: so that won't impact you, personally. caller: no, but it will impact a lot of people i know.

tommy in's hear from massachusetts. good morning to you. how do you plan to vote? greta. hi, i am voting straight republican. it democrats keep coming up with schemes like the fake bombs and the caravan. they are disgraceful and have the nerve to call trump supporters deplorable. i cannot see how any good american could vote democrat. they are against america first and they are for sanctuary cities and illegal aliens. what don't they understand about the word illegal? greta, can you tell me? host: what is motivating you to get out and vote? caller: first, the love of mr. second, such obvious

fored the democrats have the man. it is an emotional response. for some reason, they hate this man. no one hated him until he ran against hillary or the democrats. he got awards from jesse jackson -- alverend out sharpton sharpton. now he is called a racist and they believe it without any evidence. the greatest president in the history of the united states is donald j. trump and i love him. love you, too. host: if the president says there's a republican in your state that has not supported me, don't vote for him or vote for his primary opponent, would you follow the president in every direction? if he hasn't supported a republican, are you opposing them as well? caller: no, i am not a sheeplike

the democrats. live in massachusetts, so my vote is pretty much useless because they are going to vote that fake indian in as senator again. we voted ted kennedy and for 35 years after he killed someone. i don't have confidence the ofte account -- massachusetts will turn it around. we only like to elect republican governors. --don't have one congrats republican in our congressional party -- the congress. disgusted and i cannot believe people fall for this stuff. fake bombs. come on. massachusetts says he is motivated by president trump -- his support for president trump. the usa today front page with their poll, how much impact will president trump have on your

congressional vote? lot and i want to oppose him, 23% say a lot and i want to support him. seniors only this morning, your vote in 2018. stan is next in florida. caller: how are you doing? straight democrat. he cannot pass a drug deal. he is trying to throw a football in the end zone. congress through pre-all republicans are in the pocket of the drug companies. he can do what he wants to say. he will do this and protect pre-existing conditions. mitch mcconnell has already said they will come after social security and medicare. state -- they the will be in the supreme court soon. there are 23 governors around -- i am a union guy

and they already have one guy in they voting against -- don't have to pay union dues if they don't want to. ims voting straight democrat. you cannot believe a word that comes out of this guy's mouth. are you still there? host: we are listening. caller: yesterday they had a show on and they were talking about something and the guy said barack obama said we have to bring a gun to a knife fight. that was completely false. that was barack obama. -- that was stormy daniels's lawyer that said that. he has more dignity in one finger than trump has in his whole body. the presidentove made yesterday for medicare prescription drugs, the washington post reports hhs estimates the new pricing index.

50% of the country would save medicare -- medicare pays the average sale price plus a fee based on percentage. morey fees to doctors closely aligned with what other countries pay and it would not take effect until 2019, 2020. hhs put out a report comparing the price paid for 27 prescription drugs with the average price of the same drug by countries with similar economic conditions and concludes the higher u.s. prices means medicare pays nearly twice as much as as the program would pay for the same or similar drugs and other countries. trump cited an example of a common cancer drug he said is seven times as expensive for americans as people living outside the united states though he did not name the drug specifically. groups priorities u

is targeting republicans on medicare and social security. take a look at the ads they put out. [video clip] >> just last week. >> mitch mcconnell said he will make cuts to social security and medicare. >> big cuts to social security, medicare, and medicaid. admittedpublicans just it. they will make you pay for their massive tax giveaway to corporations and the wealthy. you can still stop them. if republicans win, you lose. >> priorities usa action is responsible for this advertising. host: seniors only this morning, how do you plan to vote in 11 days? we will talk to joe in south carolina, north charleston. caller: how are you doing this morning? i am 71 years old and i used to pick and choose when i went into the booth and i cannot this

year. in 2016, i voted for darrell castle of the constitution party. recent behavior by the democrats and democratic leaders forced me to push back. radical to push back to behavior that is not good for anyone. what people need to understand these people in washington theo not hate each other. they will get in front of a camera and try to get votes like they hate each other and they are friends on the outside. they are just using camera time and they will not miss a forum to energize voters. the kavanaugh thing kind of pushed me over the line and something else happened. hillary encouraging lack of civility. eric holder, kick them. ton you encourage people behave like that, it is not the american way. when a politician cannot enjoy a meal in a restaurant without by democratic supporters, something is very wrong. we are extremely polarized and

until nancy pelosi is unseeded, she is the most -- unseated, she is the most polarizing force. tim ryan tried to take that away and said i can get people to support us again. they don't seem to want civility. host: you are motivated by the political rhetoric, it sounds like. it does the president there any responsibility for his rhetoric? caller: absolutely. he does. cycle, whenlection he was campaigning, i did not like the nasty things he did and that is why i voted for their all caps off. i don't like somebody telling somebody to punch somebody in the face. things are moving forward and the democrats are acting so radically that i cannot support him. we have a guy here named joe against marko won

sanford in the primary because mark sanford was an outspoken joe is a donald trump likable guy. support nancyt pelosi, you will not be part of the family. we know better than that or you will be on the outside looking in. the only way to push back is to go in there and pull the straight ticket. here is an example of what i was talking about about washington politicians. fromemember the nastiness ted cruz during the campaign and now they are buddies? that is just campaign rhetoric. host: is that a bad thing or a good thing that they are friends? caller: it is a good thing. it really is. what i am trying to point out is people need to calm down and do not listen to those bozos during campaign time. they are closer than they act. that is the point i am trying to make. host: the new york times front

page on this political rhetoric and who is to blame for it leading to the suspicious packages sent to a former presidents and public officials and the new york times, trump resumes attack on his evil opponents and the washington post, their editorial incendiary rhetoric. mr. trump calls for -- acts ofe for these terrorism lie with the perpetrator. must be apprehended, hopefully quickly and held to account. mr. trump was right about the need to unify. anger has become a constant backdrop to politics. some people think it is justifiable or virtuous to harass politicians and their families and yes, the media, social and mainstream at times contribute to this temper.

the president demonizes opponents and gives license to those who would punish them. he talked about wanting to beat rap a second amendment solution -- even worse is the example he sets as president. revealing a chance to lock up his opponents and heaping praise on a member of congress for body slamming a reporter. by blaming everyone but himself, he shows his unwillingness or inability to recognize the totality of the problem and that makes him part of the problem. that is the washington post editorial board's opinion this morning. we are talking to seniors only. how do you plan to vote in 2018 and what is motivating you. peggy in washington state. you are on the air. caller: hello? host: good morning to you. caller: i will be voting democrat. i believe democrats care a lot

more about all people, not just their party, and i think they will preserve or try to preserve social security and medicare. host: that is motivating you? caller: yes, it is. host: are you on medicare? caller: yes, i am. host: what about the president's move yesterday? caller: it is kind of a joke, isn't it? really. host: why do you say that? saying he is constantly very bad things about all kinds of people and suddenly, now he is going to behave himself. i am not fooled. thank you. host: tim in alabama. good morning to you. caller: good morning, greta. i want to talk about the voting in 2018. i noticed on the show yesterday in kansas city, they are moving

-- there is about 13,000 votes by hispanic in dodge city, kansas, and the state attorney general is moving the one voting place for 13,000 people in that city -- moving it out of the --y so the 13,000 people many of them who don't have cars, will not be able to cast a vote. that is part of the voting suppression i have seen going on mainly by the republicans. it's not by both sides and you have the same thing over in georgia with this guy running for governor. the state attorney general, he is suppressing close to 60,000 votes of black, hispanic, and asians so he can win the governorship of georgia. this -- and that is a few things

going on in the voting this year that mostly the media does not report about the type of suppression going on. the other thing is -- host: what are you he are in or seeing about what this election voter suppression could impact minority seniors where you live? caller: it is all across the country, but one thing i want to i want to see nancy pelosi as the speaker of the house. get schumer out. nancy pelosi stood on the floor for 9.5 hours against this tax thing trump wants to pass and that is what he is going to use to take medicare, medicaid, and social security to pay for his tax plan and schumer did not do

a thing about it. nancy pelosi knows how the house runs and she is what we need right now to go to all the ways in which to run it. the same way mitch mcconnell did in the senate. you don't need to put a new person fumbling around to get things done. host: let me clarify for you and others. it is not one or the other. ,f the democrats take the house she is in the house of representatives and she could, if her party agrees -- colleagues agree, be the speaker of the house and in the senate, where chuck schumer is the top democratic leader of that takeer, if they were to back the senate, which is looking less likely according to the papers, he would be the senate majority leader for the democrats. again, if his colleagues agree. health care is at the forefront of many of the debates happening across the country.

c-span has been showing you many, many debates from key senate races, gubernatorial races, the house, etc. last night's wyoming senate debate, candidates were asked about the future of medicare and social security. [video clip] >> for people on those programs now, to simplify them in many ways. my mom in assisted living right now, life expectancy for a woman in america was 56 and now it is 81. when lyndon johnson passed medicare, he said it was for the widows because all the men by 65 would be dead. we got the medicine right, people are living longer and healthier lives and we got the math all wrong. we have title waves of baby boomers coming in and these are the financial structural onbility pillars for seniors the program. we need a bipartisan effort to

deal with that. we tried to do that when president obama was president and we need to continue to work toward that because the future of this country and economic stability depends upon it. life expectancy has increased, life expectancy for the people who need social security benefits has not gone up at all. i don't think raising the age is the answer. let's take a look at the cap on social security. if you earn $100,000 a year, you pay $3000 into social security. if you earn $1 million, you pay about $3000. if we raise the cap, we can make it solvent for the long haul. host: our debate coverage continues tonight with the ohio senate race live tonight at 7:00 p.m. eastern between sherrod .rown and jim renee c

that will be at c-span, c-span.org, or the radio app. president trump will be campaigning for republican candidates at a rally in charlotte, north carolina. we are in full campaign coverage here on c-span getting seniors you vote. how chris in fair oaks california. good morning to you. caller: good morning. votedn california and i republican. are citizens voting and health care for all. i do not believe health care is a right. i believe it is a privilege and each individual person is responsible for making sure they get their health coverage or their own

financial situation. i voted republican, although it is hard in california. sometimes is democrat and democrat, like dianne feinstein and her opponent are both democrat and even though i was very disappointed in some of dianne feinstein's decisions this year, overall, i am hoping she will come back to the middle and work more in the senate in a more reasonable way. because of her age, i don't think she will be running again. time.ill be her last i was forced to vote for dianne feinstein because i did not have a republican choice here in california. see howy interested to

many people vote here in california and i want to preserve america as i have known it. i am 70 years old now. i have a state pension and social security and i love but i here in california, am concerned about the homelessness. i don't think anybody in america should be homeless and i think the people we should work really hard to make sure the children and the homeless and the elderly all have support. they are already here in america. very concerned about the open borders situation.

i don't think we should have open borders at all. borders,aking of the here is the fox news headline, hundreds of u.s. troops headed to the border to deal with the migrant caravan. the front page of the washington wet says the president is -- ighs border closing. president trump is weighing a plan to shut the border to central americans and deny them asylum.rtunity to seek the white house is also preparing to deploy as many as to assistional troops in security operations in anticipation of the caravan's arrival. right to apply for asylum when they reach american soil. the executive order would suspend that provision and bar central americans as a matter of national security. such a move would trigger immediate challenges in u.s.

court. that is the washington post this morning. they also have a piece inside the washington post this morning, two big draws for migrant caravan, less danger, less cost. the journey from central america to the united states previously for the central americans usually included hiring what are called coyotes or illegal transportation, human smuggling -- the cost was roughly 2000 $2000 in 2008. the average cost in 2017 was $9,200. the public exposure of a mass migration, many of the people were motivated by that because it is cheaper and safer, they felt. there is also the story from the front page of the washington post continues. still weeks from

reaching the u.s. border and mexican authorities said a number of migrants has dwindled from 7200 by the united nations to 3630 on wednesday. the mexican government said it had processed 1700 asylum claims in that country. we are talking with seniors only. how do you plan to vote? how do you plan to vote? they finallynk kicked me over to the solid support of the republicans and let me tell you why. therefully investigated of dr. ford and i came to a conclusion that the entire thing was a fraud. i know from when president obama

was in, that he is the only one that ever cut medicare and he billion. $61.5 .ot virtually no advertising if you look at this crew marching up, you will find they are very well-dressed, they are very healthy. somebody is feeding them and clothing them. they are walking with their national flag and yet they claim to be in need of asylum. not a one of them looks like they have been very much oppressed where they were. host: how do you know that by looking at them? caller: pardon? host: how do you know that just by looking at them? watching the coverage? caller: i watch very carefully and they are well dressed. i saw three central american

flags they flew. -- i used toeer be, in real life. carefully how the people were moving. the majority of them were young men. not a caseinvasion, of needing asylum. issue that hashe made you -- one of the issues that has convinced you that you are going to vote republican in 11 days? caller: yes, because i want that border closed. host: let me go to david in springfield, missouri. hi, david. caller: how are you doing? host: good morning. caller: when there is a president -- when ever it is going to the point of people being sent bombs, these are former presidents, whether they

are republican or democrat and this president doesn't even have the courtesy to even call them and say, i have got your back or we have got to calm this rhetoric down. it is getting ridiculous. this man, i really think sometimes -- i don't know if he really, truly even has a soul. domook at what christian dum is supposed to christiandom is look at what supposed to preach and i don't understand what this is about. host: as a senior, is it the president no debating you to -- motivating you to vote for democrats? caller: yes, i truly believe 225 to 230, democrats will pick up the house and they -- they are

going to be the they be said or after that because that is what he acts like. you would need for somebody to oversee this president. all you have to do is look at a guy like john kasich. different guys that nobody ever felt this way about george w. bush or his dad. when trump has these rallies and it is like they are hatemongers. george h. w. bush was shot down during world war ii. the way he talks even about them. ce we are going to have pea in this country, i believe blessed are the peacemakers -- we -- he will have to watch what he says and i hope and pray republicans -- democrats take over the house and we can have somebody overseeing him because he cannot oversee himself. just like rush limbaugh. some of the things he has been saying about fake bombs and

stuff like that. that is beyond treasonous. i hope he hears this show because to me, rush limbaugh is a total traitor. host: coming up on the washington journal, we will be talking about how you can determine fake news. we will talk about the spread of fake news and have a discussion about political tribalism in this country. two topics that sound like you are interested in coming up on the washington journal. let's go to rate in california. --ray in california. how do you plan to vote? caller: i plan to vote democratic and i am doing so to hopefully salvage our democracy. our president doesn't seem to respect the rule of law. he doesn't understand the implications of the united states not taking a leadership role on many issues that affect

every person on the planet. theeems to not care about emoluments clause of the constitution and he is still making money from foreign dignitaries who purposefully rent rooms in his hotel and buy his condos. i don't like the fact that he has rolled back a lot of for our environment, for our water, for our air that some of the regulations he has rolled back will make our lives more miserable. the republicans are complicit in that they don't think to put a halt to some of the things the trump administration is doing. i am going to vote democratic

hopefully that we can have some real checks and balances and hopefully we can get mitch mcconnell out of his position because i think a lot of this division and polarization really rest on him and he should be ashamed of himself. host: let me ask how old you are if you don't mind telling us and beyond the checks and balance issue, what else is motivating you to vote? caller: just the lack of civility in our public discourse. the lack of leadership in the trump administration. the lack of understanding of how words make a difference. if the united states continues to this regard international license forgiving a countries that should be doing better regarding human rights, as an example, to go ahead and treat their population whichever

way they want so those are some of the things that are motivating me. host: let me leave it there and let you and others know in a new york times op-ed, george schultz , the secretary of state during the reagan administration and the negotiations of the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty rights in the paper, calling on the trump administration to preserve the treaty. it included many special features, not the least of which were provisions for on-site inspections to verify all prohibitive mission -- missiles have been eliminated. by 1992, nearly 2700 missiles had been destroyed and the inspections provision expired in 2001, but the united states and russia could agree to revise them. he writes now is not the time to andd larger arsenals

nuclear weapons, now is the time to rid the world of this threat. leaving the treaty would be a huge step backward. we should fix it, not kill it. writes the new nuclear arms race and says this. with enough political will, any problems and compliance with existing treaties can be resolved. as we have seen during the past two years, the president of the united states has a different purpose in mind. the united states has, in effect, taken initiative and destroying the entire system of international treaties and accords that serve the underlying foundation for piece andsecurity -- peace security. those who help to benefit from a global free order free for all our deeply mistaken. there will be no winner in a war against all. let's hear from tom in fort lauderdale, florida.

how old are you and how do you plan to vote? i am going to vote republican and 100% of the population of the united states should be based on the new initiative donald trump started in the united states. this is one of the announcements that hasn't been put in the news, thank god you are talking about it. host: why do you say it is momentous? caller: it is disappointing how much coverage of this is getting. -- one of thember things he is going to do is allow medicare to negotiate drug prices. this is something democrats have been crying for. what is going on here? democrats should be shouting from the highest peak about

this, but they are not. 2 secrets yourth listeners may not know about. the united states comp -- customers pay an average of 30% more for pharmaceuticals then european union. that is because they are allowed to negotiate and we are not. basically, the united states is subsidizing the medical systems of europe. beenr two, there has only one single breakthrough drug in the last 30 years. let me use that as an example for what this initiative means -- president trump will save medicare by lowering the cost of medicine.

he is doing it. let's look at the case of -- got to apologize, i have leave it there because we are running out of time for this discussion and i want to show you and others the coverage of this story. tomp's proposal ties prices foreign rates. -- this iston post the wall street journal, white house proposal targets drug pricing under medicare. that is the headline and the washington post, trump touts move aimed at lowering medicaid drug crossed -- cost. ron, good morning. caller: good morning, greta. host: how are you? how do you plan to vote? caller: i will be voting democrat. this is my birthday, greta. i am 60 host: today. host:happy birthday. caller: the reason i am voting democrat is -- thank you.

the reason i am voting democrat is i was raised an altar boy and joined the marine corps at 17. i have a duty to this country. i have a loyalty to this country. god to this country and i think we are losing a lot. i would call myself a liberal conservative. i want you out of my business and i want you to pay my bills. trump trump lies -- mr. lies so much and i will take the gentleman just before me. i am a veteran. i pay eight dollars for prescription up to a $980 max. simple. our politicians don't do the simple fixes. they want to go the hard way and mr. trump is mangling that all up with his lies and sticking in

these problems that will haunt us for years afterwards. i was told to follow my commander in chief, but i don't think he is. host: ron in florida. coming up later on the show, we talk with steven brill to discuss efforts to distinguish between journalism and fake news. >> now at stop number 49 on our 50 capitals tour and that takes us to the least populated state capital in the u.s., montpelier, vermont. 9000 residents. the capital building has been in use since 1859 and joining us on the c-span bus, we are parked right outside, the lieutenant governor of her mod, david zuckerman. vermont, david zuckerman. you have a state where the

government is republican and you are a progressive democrat. how does that happen? guest: in vermont, each office is elected individually. in some states, they run as a pair and some states run individually. in this state, folks can vote for individuals at each office and vermonters two years ago chose governor scott and myself for the state of vermont. help usu could understand how a state like vermont would have a republican governor and bernie sanders as a senator. that seems to -- guest: one of the things about vermont is it is a retail politics state. folks know each of us from our years of work really getting all around the state. we are one of the least populated states. get around the state over a couple of years and people get to know you and look you in the eye and it is much

more real than commercial campaigns and negative attack ads. they exist, but for the most part, folks in vermont have the new england tradition of local democracy, respect for the institution, and respect for the individual and echoes a long way. farmerou are an organic by trade. what got you into politics? aest: actually, i was sort of -- it was a precursor to what happened a couple of years ago with respect to bernie sanders. i was a student at the university of vermont in 1992 and heard congressman bernie sanders speaking and he inspired me. i was cynical about the political process and corporate money running the system and having overpowered the voice of the people and bernie sanders appealed to me as someone who was straight up on the issues and did not take corporate donations and was fighting for every day people. he has sustained that for 30

years, an amazing individual and inspired me to get involved. after i volunteered for him and other local people got involved with the progressive coalition on affordable housing and raising the minimum wage and working on clean water and social and criminal justice issues -- addressing the issues of today way before people were, that inspired me to get involved and someone asked me to run in 1994 for the house. i lost that race, i lost by 59 votes. that is an appeal to all of your viewers in the country, bernie won by 10 votes. every vote does matter. i think everybody ought to engage in the process so anybody elected knows they have a greater sense of the will of the people. sadly, in our country, where voting is taken as kind of a right that you can casually use, it is a phenomenal privilege

compared to people around the world to have that voice and opportunity. i want to encourage your viewers -- to watch. i lost 59 votes in 1994 and went on to win in 1996. moved, which put me out of politics, but i served in the senate four years before getting elected lieutenant governor in 2016. host: the phone numbers are on the screen. if you live in vermont and want to talk to the lieutenant governor, 202-748-8000 is the number. everyone else in the u.s., 202-748-8001. lieutenant governor zuckerman, vermont is losing population or become stagnant with population. why is that? different than verbal counties across the country. sometimes people make political wind sang because of regulations or taxes. when you look at the statistics and not the soundbites, rural

counties across the country are losing population, losing younger people and vermont, unlike some of the other bigger girl states, we'll have that big city as part of the overall balance of demographics. we have a unique advantage being arehe new -- northeast, we only a couple of hours from boston, connecticut, new york, new jersey, and we draw a lot of those folks for our tourism economy and for retirees and an entrepreneurial spirit we have a. a good workforce. folks move here, the population is relatively stable. the quality of life is unique compared to a lot of the northeast. very safe communities and good, rural schools. have really good attributes we think will draw people to vermont. host: the budget for vermont is billion a year.

34% comes from property taxes. that is a more substantial than some of your neighbors. guest: it is an interesting statistic because unlike other states where the property taxes are kept separate from the state government budget for local education, our education funding system has a statewide funding formula where you vote locally and your rate is set based on your local vote for your schools, but collected at the state level and put back out to the communities so we have a more equal funding formula for everyone in the state. it somewhat skews the data because it is similar in other states if you were to incorporate all those local budgets and how much is spent on schools. bit inaccurate in some ways because it is not part of the state budget to operate the government. host: how do you and your opponent differ on issues? guest: it is pretty night and

day and one of the ways we keep things civil. we have plenty of issue differences we can talk about honestly. i support raising the raised -- .age to $15 i support paid family leave, which is broadly supported in the state and he is opposed to that. i support funding clean water in vermont. he is opposed to that. i supported a renewable energy portfolio in vermont. vermonters are concerned about climate change and the energy system. he is opposed our goals of 90% by 2050. we have clear -- on the issues. that is what i wish people cared about instead of the demonizing and negativity you see. the reality is people vote based on emotion and fear and frankly, republicans take that over. donald trump has capitalized on that. acrossaints -- campaigns

the country capitalize on that. because we can look each other in the eye in vermont, we keep things based on the issue. host: are you and don turner -- would you consider him a friend? guest: we are not necessarily friends, we don't have casual time where we get together and hang out and play pool or something, but i served with him for a number of years in the house and served as lieutenant governor and as a senator when he was in the house. we confluent each other during the debates and we have -- complement each other during the debates and have mutual respect. host: you are supportive of a carbon tax, is that correct? guest: i am supportive of a carbon dividend so long as it were a people and working-class people get a return on the dividend greater than what it costs at the pump and there are a number of creative ways to do that so it can happen in their weekly or biweekly paycheck. it doesn't really work if it is

a lump sum during the year. we have to make sure our carbon footprint is paid for as we go because in this country and around the world, we clearly have not incorporated those environmental and long-term costs and we are facing the consequences. in florida, they faced the largest ever hurricane to hit the panhandle in recorded history back to the 1850's. we are seeing much more severe storms across the country, whether patterns are changing that affects agriculture and on startast and if we don't in vermont and across the country a dusting this, many of the ways people are living are going to be changed and not changed for the better. that is why we have to take responsibility and move forward with policies that don't hurt people in their pocket, but change habits and patterns so we can be more responsible for our planet. host: gabriel is in clayton, north carolina. you are on with the vermont lieutenant-governor, david zuckerman. caller: good morning, sir.

always a pleasure to be on the show. one of the fantastic things about c-span is it gives you an education about facts. i want to quickly run through a timeline and ask a question. vallejo -- you talk about campaign finance, the case that speech is money, money is speech. fast-forward to the bipartisan campaign -- written by john mccain. then citizens united. all of these things that have know campaignwe finance is a major issue and that needs to be addressed at this stage. now the supreme court has changed. what is your approach to how citizens can be involved in what legislators in states like vermont can do to fix it?

host: thanks, gabriel. guest: that is a great question and a phenomenally difficult topic. the way the courts are stacked is making corporations the equivalents of people. not only campaign finance, but pollution laws and responsibility laws and consequences of decisions corporations make. we cannot limit financing in many ways. that is out the window at least for maybe 20, 30, 40 years until we change these court seats to folks who respect people more than corporations. what we can do is move toward public financing. if states actually funded public financing in a way that made it so people can can pete with corporate finance candidates, we will have people running from office for all walks of life that do not have to be connected to people from all walks of life it reduces the opportunity

for everyday people to run for office the way campaigns are funded today. i know maine has a robust campaign-finance system. vermont has a law, it is tricky because there's a lot of ways to get tripped up that make it difficult to take advantage of. i don't mean that in the negative way, utilize, i should say. without public financing, that is one of the only ways to combat it. when you look at so many of these fundamental issues around wages forpolluters, working people, health cost as earlier callers before i was on the show were talking about, so much of what is getting decided is based on decisions by politicians who are so beholden to massive corporate funds they cannot represent every day people. up goese you bring across all the other issues and is critically important. host: kathleen in new york. are you close to the vermont border? caller: i am not, but my

daughter lives in vermont. host: ok, go ahead. caller: first of all, i was real disappointed bernie sanders was turned down by the democratic party. aside from that, i have a question about how you tax property because i understand it is income plus assessment. how is that really determined and how is market value and your percentage of property tax figured out? guest: thank you. that is a great question and it is a complicated system, but it is actually one of the most fair systems in the country because property taxes are incredibly regressive. working-class people tend to pay a higher amount of their income in taxes for schools than wealthier people. had inont, the law we 1997 basically says you have a

base property tax based on the value of your home and spending in your local district to determine a rate your local tax would be. in vermont, what we have done is we have said 70% of vermonters will actually have their property tax bill adjusted so it reflects a percentage of their income. your local vote determines not only your tax rate as a property tax value, but as an income tax for your town as compared across the state treated typically it is between 2.8% and 3%. the state actually sends money to the town based on each taxpayer's difference between what their property taxes would be if they were not income tax adjusted and what it is with that income tax adjustment. the individual property tax

payer gets a bill from their town, that is reduced based on what the payment from the state is to a town individual by individual. host: david zuckerman, is that partially because of all the out-of-state homes -- people who own vermont homes but live out of state? guest: like any state, there is a lot of nonresidential property, whether it is second homes, industrial type property, every state has these properties in it. vermont has a fair number of second homes as well. those two sets of property, residential and nonresidential have separate rates and voters in the community have the ability to vote what their local budgets are. those rates go up and down based on voters' decisions in those communities. nonvoters, commercial property rate owners out of state, they don't get a vote as well as

out-of-state folks, that rate is at a flat rate set by the legislature usually in tandem with what is happening statewide with overall spending and those properties are not income-adjusted, for lack of a better term. onermonters -- 70% pay based income. the wealthy are 30% still pay based on straight property value. the percentage you pay with your income goes down. most people pay -- there is actually legislation i supported that would make that income adjustment apply across the board and when those folks would then pay that same 2.5% to 3%, that would lower property taxes for working vermonters by $30 million a year while putting more of that equal burden on wealthier vermonters, which is a

law i support. host: sarah in new hampshire. how close are you to vermont? caller: i am really close. my mother is a vermonter. i spent my summers there and milked cows. my question is about industrial wind. we are fighting industrial wind in my backyard. if it's not in your backyard, you don't care. when it is, you do. i am wondering how you feel about industrial wind in the scenic northeast and how it affects tourism and the money that flows from that fossett and ucet and whyot -- fa we are not using plasma technology to burn trash and methane. what is your take on industrial wind? 40 turbines we have that produce a whopping two

point 35% of electricity and public utilities commission says the first thing is to reduce consumption. i don't have any leadership from our legislature about reducing consumption. entire better technology, smaller homes, i see two people living in a farmhouse. host: sarah, thank you. neighbors toour the east -- everybody in new hampshire is close to vermont -- but thanks for the call. one, in vermont, unlike new state, havee, as a built an importance to invest in reducing consumption. we have an efficiency vermont companye program and that has consulted work across the country because of what vermont has done. vermont energy corporation has run that a long time.

yes, the first thing to do is we need to look at how we can reduce our energy consumption. when it comes to renewable energy, i have supported our wind and solar opportunities in vermont. many, many people do not consider them the eyesore that may be the caller does. there are a few people that live nearby some wind turbines that have vibrational issues, and there are health effects. i think we either have to compensate those folks or help make them whole, but people are also feeling the health effects of fuel-burning with cancers, and air concerns, and we are seeing other health effects from other energy sources, nuclear power, what are we going to do with that? for me, i support a multipronged approach. vermont has been this a while, both reducing our energy footprints, and supporting renewable energy.

our goal is 90% by 2050. my opponent is opposed to that, but i question, where where read 32 years ago with our systems of renewable energy and conservation? versus where we might be 32 years from now? i am a believer that we will have technologies 32 years from now to save energy. the caller talked about burning plastic, i am not sure yet what the net result of that is because burning plastics is not necessarily the best thing. although, maybe if there is a new technology that says if it is done right, they can be clean. it makes me nervous. methane, the caller had a dairy backgrounds, helping collect makee from the cows to electricity -- there are a lot of innovative ideas and i think we can get there. host: vermont is first in suffrage, civil unions, and legalization, and the lieutenant governor there is david zuckerman.

thank you for joining us. we would also like to thank our cable partners, comcast in montpelier, vermont. next week is the 50th. on our 50 capitals tour, albany, new york. "washington journal" continues in a moment. ♪ >> the c-span bus is traveling across the country on our 50 capitals tour. during our stop in boston, we asked folks which party should control congress and why? the house toke remain republican because i like the way things are going right now. i like the way the economy is going, and i think if it were to switch to democrat, it would create kind of a lot of good luck and not the lot would get done. i think billy things are going -- i think the way things are going up, it has been one of the best runs in history, and i would like it to stay that way. >> i would like the house to

flip in november. i want to see a democratic majority in the house because i really do not like the way washington is going with this republican-lighthouse. i feel -- republican led house. i feel like it should change and it would be better. >> i>> want the house to remain in republican hands because i am tired of gridlock. if it slips, i am afraid it will be another session of no change. >> the issues i think most important relative to the coming there to befor balance in the house of representatives, and the u.s. senate. i think it will offset of it, and force the cohen administration to govern more from the center, which i think is important. when we govern from the center -- i teach my students this as a history teacher -- it is important to do that because it teaches us that empathy for the other side and to be able to recognize other people and issues important to them. ♪ >> voices from the states, part of c-span's 50 capitals tour.

"washington journal" continues. host: we are back, joining us from new york is steven brill, cofounder and co-ceo of "newsguard," here to talk about how to identify fake news. what is "newsguard/" -- what is "newsguard?" " is a serviceard that takes the view that every once in a while, union intelligence is better than the official kind. we have people who are trained as journalists to serve as analysts, several dozen, and they have been reading, rating, and writing nutrition labels for the thousands of websites that , information,ws and sometimes misinformation online. icone have a green or red

that will appear on your twitter feed, your google search, your andbook feed, you name it, once you hover over the green or red icon, and most are green, you will see the nutrition label that explains based on nine very specific indicators why this site was rated green or red. host: how does one get this, and how do you determine which is truthful journalism and what is fake news? newg: well, if you go to uardtech.com, you will see how you can download the safari extension for your chrome browser, safari browser, and your firefox browser. you can install it with one icons and the "newsguard"

and nutrition labels will begin to appear whenever you do a search or look at a feed. again, the way we determine this is not by having a general conversation about to be like this site? is it too conservative? visit to liberal -- visit too liberal?- is it too but using the nine indicators, do they have the corrections policy, do they publish false news repeatedly, either headlines deceptive? indicators,ecific and we apply those across the board. there is not a conservative or aberal way to have corrections policy or any of the nine indicators. now that we have come out with the ratings, we have been

recognized, i think, for doing this straight down the line and absolutely right across the board. bias is it ok a site has a , either liberal or conservative? guest: sure, it is absolutely ok as long as they disclose it. just to give you an example, the national review, which is a conservative magazine, and its website, has earned a green. and"the nation magazine" its website has earned a green because they disclose their perspective, but they adhere to the nine standards we set, or at least most of them. host: how do you define fake news? guest: well, what i prefer to characterize it as is misinformation or disinformation. misinformation is just wrong, inaccurate. and this information is

deliberately wrong, -- and disinformation is deliberately wrong, it is paid propaganda. like there can be a website that we have identified as paid for by the american petroleum institute that purports to be a website to giving unbiased information about the pros and cons of fracking. now, that is deceptive. host: does the company make money? we don't.l, right now we are a startup, and we are engaged in discussions for licensing the icons in the nutrition labels to the platforms themselves so that they will appear whenever you do the searches. you will not have to install the

plug-in, and microsoft as so far been extremely supportive and now that we have the plug-in, and now that people can see exactly what we are doing, we are in extended discussions with each of the tech companies. host: mark zuckerberg was on capitol hill on april 10 talking about facebook plans to evaluate differences between political speeches, plans to use artificial intelligence for content review. i want to get your reaction to what he told lawmakers. >> from the beginning of the company in 2004, i started in my roommate, weand my did not have technology that could look at the content people were sharing, so we basically had to enforce our content policies reactively. people could share what they wanted, and then if someone in the community found it to be

offensive or against our policy, they would flag it for us and we would get it reactively. increasingly, we are developing ai tools that can identify certain classes of bad activity proactively, and fly get for our team and facebook. by the end of this year, we will have more than 20,000 people working on security and content review across all these things, so when content gets flagged, those people look at it. if it violates our policies, we take it down. some problems lend themselves more easily to ai solutions than others. so, hate speech is one of the hardest. the determining of hate speeches linguistically nuanced. you have to understand, what is a slur, and whether something is hateful, not just in english, but the majority of people on facebook use it in thing which is different across the world. contrast that, for example, like

finding terrorist topic and, which we have been successful at the point ai tools already on. as we sit here, today, 99% of the isis and al qaeda content to take down on this book our flight before any human see it. that is a success in terms of rolling out ai tools that can proactively police and enforce safety across the community. hate speech i am optimistic that over a five-year to 10 year period, we will have ai tools that can get into some of the nuances, linguistic nuances, of different content to be accurate in flagging things for our systems, but today, we are not there. right now, a lot of it is reactive. people flag it to us. we have policies to try and make it not as subjective as possible, but until we get automated, there is a high error rate that i am happy with. host: you heard the ceo of

facebook talk about artificial intelligence doing the job. guest: my reaction is that is interesting testimony, but it has nothing to do with the conversation you and i are having about fake news. ai does not work for fake news. it hasn't worked for fake news. he testified in april, let's look at what is going on this morning lisa the fake -- vis-a -vis fake news. the whole idea of fake news is to look, feel, read, and sound like real news, so the language is not hate speech language. you cannot use ai to tell the difference between the denver which was a phony newspaper during the 2016 campaign, that made itself look like "the denver post." ai does not work for that. and he also talked about having to be reactive. "he whole purpose of "newsguard

is to be proactive, so we rate the general reliability of sites. we do not fact check individual articles. the reason that works is, first of all, that is how you achieve the scale of being able to cover -- right now, we are covering 93% of all the news and information shared online in the u.s., and by the end of the month, we will be closer to 97%. the way you do that is by rating the reliability of sites, and that way, if the site has a red icon from newsguard -- from "newsguard" right now, and let's say it publishes some fake news this afternoon about the bombings, it will publish with that red icon, and in the facebook feed, you will see the red icon. when you hover over it, it will say you should proceed with caution. we do not block anything.

we are not in the business of trying to block content. we are in the business of trying to give readers the information they need to evaluate the reliability of the content that is being said to them -- fed to them. his testimony has nothing to do with what we are doing, and it is just not relevant for fake news. host: we are talking with steven brill, and we want to hear from our viewers on your thoughts on fake news. how do you identify it? what do you think about it? where have you read or heard fake news? we will go to linda in st. louis, missouri. good morning. caller: good morning. good show. i consider fake news, number one, to the fox news network. that is not a news network, that is an opinion network. cnn and msnbc give more news, and it is not fake news.

they are repeating what trump has said. i find trump to be so repulsive and so folder and just about everything -- and so vulgar in every thing he says, and the news stations are repeating what he says. and how people can be so gullible when trump calls them fake news -- i just do not know what these people are listening to other than fox. host: mr. brill, your reaction? guest: i think the caller will be disappointed in what i have to say. we have given fox news, foxnew.com, the website, not their prime time on television, but we have given the website the same green that we gave to msnbc and cnn. now, there are aggregations of greens based on how many of the nine criteria you meet, but as a general matter, we gave fox and

msnbc and cnn a green. if you read our nutrition label, you will see that we did not sit around and say, we think fox's too conservative, or msnbc is too liberal, or cnn is unfair to the president. we unflinchingly applied to nine criteria. i think if the caller looks at the nine criteria, the caller will be convinced we did this in good faith. host: sam is next in los angeles. good morning. caller: good morning. you are the best. something sparked my interest because i am a freelance t.v. producer, and i did a document reality series for rt. when you see that rt is secretly paid for by the russian government, it peaked my knowsst because everybody it is directly funded -- in light guest: everybody --

guest: everybody knows it who works for them, what people who see the headline on the twitter feed, facebook feed, or google search, do not know that this is paid for and brought to you by vladimir putin. they have no idea of it. caller: well, but that doesn't mean it is secretly paid for by the russians. they make no bones about it. i appreciate -- guest: it is non-transparently paid for. what "newsguard" ties to do is look at what the typical user , and are the producers being transparent with them about who they are, what their motivation is, who is financing them, what other processes? that is what we try to do, and we do it unflinchingly across the board. host: sam, i think you have a larger point. what is it? caller: i appreciate what you are trying to do.

i know there is a full disclosure to it because fox news, and are fake seeing in israel -- i watch and listen only to c-span -- seeing is real -- i watch and listen only to c-span. i will watch cnn and fox just to know the narrative at the moment, but to think that one is biased and the other is not is insanity. when it comes to fake news, there is a general umbrella of fakeness that goes along with anyone. if everybody -- and i think we would all agree that msnbc is left, and fox is right, and to predicate the discussion that everyone agrees they tilt one weight or another, it puts it under -- one way or another, i wonder how you get green ratings for fox or cnn, knowing you can say one is left and one is

right? shouldn't they all be centere and equally unbiased? guest: i think there is a difference between bias and adhering to journalistic standards. i think "the national journalistices to standards, whether i agree with their perspective are not. the same thing for "the nation magazine." one of the sites that gets 100% green rating is "the daily signal," which is the daily news letter of the heritage foundation, which is quite conservative. but they have serious people who wake up every morning and try to , and they level with the people who read what they do. they reveal what the other side is. they are trying to do something serious that may be something that you disagree with. there is a difference between rt, and infowars, and

"the daily cause," all of which get red ratings from us. host: let's go to the criteria, does not repeatedly publish false contents, gathers and reports information responsibly, regularly corrects or clarifies errors, handles the difference between news and opinions as possible, and avoids deceptive headlines. the website discloses ownership and financing, clearly labels advertising, reveals who is in charge, including possible conflicts of interest, and provides information about content creators. there is a criteria from "newsguard" to determine what is fake news. marcia is next in portland, oregon, an independent. caller: thanks for taking my call and hello to your guest. guest: thank you. caller: i want to make a quick comment on rt. niceows some very

documentaries, and i did not think that it was a secret that russia -- that it was a russian station because i thought that t.v. or it was, russia something like that. anyway, my main comment was i was concerned with cnn and the way they are reporting about these bombs is because they said, for example, that the bomb was sent to bill clinton. but when they show the envelope, it says hillary clinton, and so i felt like that was a bit misleading. i do not want to be picky or anything, but i felt what, you know, they took it upon themselves to make the clinton the end -- make bill clinton the victimd person for the or whatever, when it clearly said hillary. host: marcia, is your question

about how much you have to get right in order to be a journalist or journalism? caller: what? host: is your question how much to outlets have to get right? caller: well, yeah, i feel like cnn sometimes puts their own slant. i feel like if the story came on c-span, it would have said the envelope was addressed to hillary clinton. sorry, but on cnn, it said, this attack was on bill clinton. host: got your point. steven brill? guest: well, lots of good journalists, me included, make mistakes. what we are doing is trying to cut to the core. we assume everybody is green until they fail on enough of the

criteria so that they get a red. that sounds like a mistake that cnn made. i do not think they sat around in a room and said, let's deceive everyone and say it was bill clinton instead of hillary clinton. people make mistakes. we are not going to solve all the problems of the world. a lot of our sites will get green's and they will publish information that is wrong. everybody does, but the question then becomes, what did they do about it when they make a mistake? do they make a correction? do they own up to it? are the accountable? that is one of the major buteria that we look at, what we are really in the business of this telling people the difference between the ", denver guardian" which is a completely phony -- between "the denver guardian," which is a phony website, posing as a newspaper, and the "denver post," which is a real

newspaper. in the last couple of weeks, we have spotted a bunch of fake sites that are posing as local t.v. music stations and local papers, something like cbs news s9.com, which looks like the cbs website, but it is phony news. that is the stuff we are going after and what we are being effective at right now because we slap a read on that site after we spend -- slap a red on that site after we review it, and when it appears on your or twitter feed, or google search, you will be warned. you will know that you should proceed with caution, and there will be a 300-word or 400 -word explanation explaining why you should proceed with caution. host: who are the sources for these fake news sites? guest: that is the really interesting thing. not thecases, it is

russian government or people trying to make a political point. it is people who are in it for the money because they can get programmatic advertising, the kind of advertising where advertisers say, find me this kind of person, whatever website they happen to be looking at. you know, there are people in macedonia, and elsewhere, all over every other country, who are creating these phony sites and getting the page views that earned them advertising revenue. host: let's go to bill in sebastian, florida, independent caller. you are on the air with steven brill. caller: good morning. mark stances is now doing the nightly news on rt. rt does not have any

--mercials, and mark sanchez guest: but they do not have to have commercials. they do not need commercials because the russians are paying for it. caller: used to work for cnn, both these journalists. guest: right. caller: would you consider the red tide, which is destroying the coast, the west and east coast of florida with thousands and thousands of dead fish on the beaches down to, would you consider that fake news? would you consider mr. kemp and his attempt to purge voters in georgia -- this is the second time he has done this -- would you consider that fake news? ?ost: what are you driving at guest: i don't think any of it is fake news. that athe methods

misinformation, or in the case rmation site, is they mix real news with false news. and besides i mentioned to you .com, orlike cbsnews9 whatever it is called, they will have weather reports and baseball scores, but within that, they will have a phony story about hillary clinton or something. yeah, those are respected journalists, and they have to make a living, and they have taken jobs. i respect them, but the fact is that people should know that the news they are getting online from something called rt, and they changed their name from russia today, to rt, to hide the russian part of it, people should know that is paid for by vladimir putin. that doesn't mean it is all wrong. that doesn't mean it is necessarily that it should be

censored or suppressed, but people should be armed with the information so that they can assess the reliability of it with more knowledge. that is all we are doing. we are not trying to stop anything. we are just trying to do it librarians have been doing since the invention of libraries, which is help readers to understand the sources of what they are reading. that is why librarians all across the country have joined with newsguard -- with "newsguard" in installing the "newsguard" browser plug-in on their devices in their libraries. host: rachel in memphis, tennessee. a democrat. caller: yes, i just want to comment, i have been watching rt i am very fond of their coverage. is af the journalists pulitzer prize winning author and new york times reporter. he has special one rt. larry king has special on rt.

rt america are american journalists covering american issues. and to label was paid for by russia -- so what? dbc is paid for by the british government, what does it matter? guest: let me explain the difference between the two. the bbc has a governing board, rules, r transparent -- transparent rules that make it independent of the government. there is always controversy that bbc is biased to the west, antigovernment, but there are specific rules in place that are carefully enforced that keep the bbc independent of the government. that is a laughable prospect with rt. host: explain more, mr. br ill. guest: rt is controlled by the russian government. there is no process in place, no set of ground rules in place

that would have rt the able to report independently on what is going on in the ukraine, to take one example. host: i went to get -- guest: and chris hedges did not report that, but rt did. host: i want to get your reaction to this editorial in the washington -- in "the washington post" this morning. fake news, there is an app for that. whatsapp needs to take responsibility. it is popular in brazil and needs to take responsibility. they have propaganda supporting the far right candidate. researchers who analyzed the 50 images,wed whatsapp open to the public that more than half were misleading or false. what is your concern with an app like this, where its

business model is based on having encryption, and no one can see the messages? guest: that is a tough one. i will just say that my partner and i were in brussels last week, and we decided to step up our plans to expand into europe beginning in january. brazil is another country that the platforms have mentioned to us and urged us to consider in discussions with facebook, google, and others. they have said, you need to look at that country. so this is a worldwide problem. the genie is out of the bottle. host: what kind of discussions are you hopping with the platforms? is there a partnership in the works? vary dependingey on the platforms, but in some how muchey are down to

are you going to charges? in other cases, they are still at the thought stage, do they want to do this? how would they do this? it is technologically easy to do it. , and the fees we would charge them to license this are probably best that they are paying their public relations people, or their lawyers to talk about how hard the problem is to solve. host: in danbury, connecticut, a republican. caller: it seems to me many outlets practice graphic journalism versus journalism. you know, emphasis on emotional words, for example, outreach seems to be a favorite word. weather headlines will include conditionals, as if something may happen. also, if they do stick to the facts, the qualified and highly -- they qualify them highly, including the headline with worries about too hard on the

economy. it seems you cannot say they are true or false, but on the other hand, it doesn't seem you could say it is journalism. guest: well, again, we are not granular, and everybody will have a different opinion on whether if you are doing a story on the gross gdp, you ought to put a word of caution there or not. that is a perfectly debatable issue. the ninere about are criteria, and whether you apply them. those are really basic. you either have a corrections policy or you don't. you either repeatedly publish news that turns out to be false and you do not correct it, or you don't. you have deceptive headlines in the sense that the headlines promise much more than the story delivers, or you don't.

that good -- we are pretty good at telling you the difference between "the denver guardian" and "the denver post," and that is the first problem that needs to be solved. host: should there be, has there ever been a line between entertainment and news? guest: well, that is a blurry line. when i teach the seminar that i teach at yale, one of the first things i do on the first day is i talk about the difference between news and entertainment, and i explained to them, to me, c-span is entertaining. it depends on who you are and how you get your entertainment. but the basic values of newsgathering in journalism are pretty clear, and that is how we came up with the nine indicators that we use. i think every journalist would agree on those, whether they

produce journalism that is entertaining, or not. host: robert in new york. independent. caller: good morning to both of you. applied you, and i will u -- ie -- i applaud yo applaud you. theis retractions, back in 1940's and 1950's, they would cover the cells and -- they would govern themselves, and then there would be told to retract the story after being transparent. number two, i think our citizens of theote on a branch government which could be an advisory board of retired people in the media i could actually examine these things that would report to all the other three branches or all four branches, and really start to keep things on an even keel.

this is what i want your response on. why is it that we are not involving the libel and defamation lawsuits, especially in politics? i believe i have read that political leaders in the past, 20 years or 30 years ago, they said that in politics, campaigning, running against a competitor, opponent, that they are free from being sued liability for defamation. we need to bring them back because then people will not be making up things about their opponent. also, i think we should pass laws that if you are going to run for government position, public office, then you can only concentrate on the things you will do, not what your opponent, negative things about your opponent. if there are things about your opponent that need to be brought up, it could be brought up in that branch of government could create. thank you. respect,th all due

that is a set of laws for a country i would not like to live in. i would not want any government agency to be deciding on which news media is legitimate, and which news media is not legitimate. i prefer wet news -- i prefer wet newsguard is doing, and you can see what we are doing if you go to www.newsguardtech.com and download the browser plug-in. what we are doing is giving people more information so they can make their own decisions, not have the government to make decisions for them. asked to libel laws, -- as to libel laws, the president has talked about that, too. that the laws need to be toughened. i do not agree. if they were toughened, he would be the first person in trouble. host: we will go to jason in new york. independent. caller: thank you for being here and presenting your organization

and what they do. we appreciate that. of the your opinion responsibility that reporting agencies, and those who broadcast over large listener truth have to telling the and reporting actual news as opposed to their opinion and swaying the public views just by their opinion? do you feel that is a responsibility that should be taken more seriously? i know that some of these questions touch on some of this, but to you personally feel that these reporters have a responsibility to tell the truth and not sway public by their own opinions? guest: well, one of our major criteria. the criteria are weighted and this one has a lot of weight, do they handle the difference

between opinion and news responsibly? i am not against stripping opinion, that they should not express their opinions under the guise of reporting news. there is a reason that newspapers have editorial pages and news pages, and where they run afoul is that they mix the opinion stuff into the news. i agree with you completely, but again, i think what newsguard is doing is we are trying to hold all these thousands of websites responsible for whether they do that or not. if then we are telling you you download the plug-in, we are telling you how they handled the difference between news and their opinions. do they do it responsibly? host: steven brill, cofounder and co-ceo of newsguard. you can learn more if you go to www.newsguardtech.com. thank you for the conversation. guest: thank you. host: we will take a short break. when we come back, we will

return to our conversation, with seniors only, how do you plan to vote in 11 days? we will be right back. ♪ c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. today, we continue to bring unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court's, and public policy events in washington, d.c., and around the country. c-span is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. new york times best-selling oult is our guest on in-depth fiction addition on sunday, november 4, at noon eastern. her most recent book is a spark of light.

other books include lone wolf, plus 20 more novels. she has written five issues of the wonder woman comic series for d.c. comics. watch in-depth fiction edition live, sunday, november 4. be sure to watch in-depth fiction edition next month. on booktv on c-span2. "washington journal" continues. host: we are back talking with seniors only in so the top of the hour. how do you plan to vote in 2018? we heard from a number of you earlier. we want to hear from more as we talked to seniors. eastern part of the country, (202)-748-8000. fountain, pacific, (202)-748-8001. those are the lines this morning. let me share the morning consult poll we touched on earlier. in departure from past elections, seniors lean toward

democrats. the senior voting block was 71% in 2016. 53% voted for donald trump. according to this poll, seniors are now leaning towards democrats. 52% of voters whose number one issues are medicare and social security say they would vote for a democratic candidate, while 33% picked the republican. prioritizeds seniors' issues, the second highest priority after the economy. seniors' poll of 2000 issue voters, 88% say they are motivated to vote. we want to hear from that block. you are motivated to vote. tell us why. susan is in ohio, good morning. caller: good morning. how are you? host: doing well. caller: ok. i am voting republican in the election. i am doing early voting. i support donald trump.

i support my republican representatives. trump haspresident all, of thef not things he said he would do. i am concerned about the tribalism, and i think if the republicans controlled both houses, we have a better chance of getting something done. host: ok. caller: i am also very worried about immigration. also discouraged about the believeh hearing, and i the whole thing was a fake, set up. i do not believe any of the story. host: ok. susan in dayton, ohio. presidentotivated by

to get out and vote in the midterm elections. usa today front page has a poll that shows the impact that the president is having on congressional votes for this 2018 election. 11 days away. 35% say that it is president trump that motivates them total. while 23% say they are motivated to vote and want to support him. that is from usa today. carl in kansas city, hi. caller: am i on? and a 74-year-old veteran, i live in kansas city. you keepe things that in mind is they talk about how evenly split the country is, but we don't talk about how much false news -- i do not want to use fake -- but how much propaganda is put out on the

airways, and i think we have about 30% solid trump supporters, and i think we have about 40% people -- i consider and thenll-informed -- i think there is a huge gray 30% are just0% or simply misled. i do not want to attack that lady that was just on, but trump has not filled infrastructure, , he has not built a wall. i mean, he collected $6 million in iowa for the veterans, and nobody knows where it is. situation immigration -- she said she would clarify that, she never did. he is going around saying he is going to do 10% tax cut now. that is because of the election, and talking about what he did in

korea, anybody could have gotten him to the point he is that because kim benefited from being there. when i saw american flags fly next to north korean flags, i am a patriot, and i will tell you what -- this guy is such a liar moodeceiver, and such a weaver and money launder, and a crook. you are not getting any coverage on him. why are we not hearing about his income tax? we hear about his connection to the russians, his financing, you know? the crookedness in his administration. and then talk about how he filled his promises? oh, lord. please. host: carl, do you might telling us how old you are? caller: 74 years old. host: you sound clearly motivated to vote. caller: i have a history -- i am

not going to tell you i like everything the democrats did treat i was in chicago in 1968 protesting against johnson, so it is not the party label, it is what they do. when they take kids away from their parents, it is one thing to say, we do not need 7000 people coming in our country, but it is another thing to label them as books, scoundrels, ms-13 and arabs, this is sickening. host: carl in kansas city, missouri. some breaking news to share, wbz news radio, an 11th package from located in a florida processing facility has been found, and it was addressed to the new jersey democratic senator cory booker. that makes the 11th suspicious , inage sent to a democrat

this case senator cory booker. of course, former president barack obama, the clinton's received one, george soros, and others. eugenia in east chicago, indiana, good morning. how do you plan to vote? caller: yesterday, i voted early as a democrat. for the democrats. have said somes of the things i would have said. he encourages, and not only that, he inspires division. i do not think this country needs to revisit some of the divisions of our past. mention when i think of the taxes, and what he what republicans

will probably do, when you give away monday, they will try to recover it, and they will recover it on the backs of people who have to work day by day, and live month by month -- too many of us. ,hat is just some of the things some of the reasons why i voted republican -- excuse me, democrat. also, i am 69 years old. you: ok, you voted because oppose the president, republicans, and tax cuts. where does health care falling your priorities? forer: i had a stroke, so certain, anyone who has any previous ailment -- previous illnesses, i am very conscious of that. i will never forget the fact that news ago -- and i will not mention the name of the insurance company -- they denied insurance because i had had a stroke.

so, personally, i know how that can affect you. there inenia htere -- indiana. some other news from reuters, the white house invites vladimir putin, the russian president, to washington. friday,ton said on returning to an idea that was put on hold in july, amid anger at the u.s. over the prospect of such a summit. president trump held a summit with putin in helsinki, and then issued an invitation to visit the white house and autumn. accordingto reuters, to the national security adviser john bolton, they have returned to the idea of inviting, formally inviting -- and they had done so -- formally invited russian president vladimir putin to washington. sandra in alabama. hi, there. caller: [indiscernible]

donald trump, i vote all the time when i can, and i will be voting for donald trump because he has been, for me, the best president since ronald reagan. pardon? host: he is not on the ballot, are you saying you are voting for republicans as a way to vote for president trump? caller: yes. been [indiscernible] by the democrats. he has had to do what he has had to do. [indiscernible] he lost the republicans and everything. i watch c-span all the time. and i watch fox street i tried fox.tch cnn -- i watch i tried to watch seamen, but you cannot stay with it. they say the same thing over and over -- i tried to watch cnn. you cannot stay with it. i do believe there is an

investigation finally going on, things that went on in the last administration, so it takes time to get out, i have a feeling everybody will see what we have had the last eight years, and what a blessing it was for donald trump to be elected. host: sandra says she is voting for republicans as a way to support president trump. there are two stories in "the washington times" this morning about control of the senate. we will begin with the west virginia race, the democrat incumbent there, polls tell two different stories in the senate race. n,e suggest an easy wi while vulnerable in the other. next to that headline is the story, claire mccaskill in missouri the house she is not one of those crazy democrats in an unusual radio sent in a tight race with just a little over a week to go. take a listen. >> paid for by claire mccaskill

for senate. >> i am claire mccaskill and i approve this message. >> what do you know about this job holly got? i know holly is a lawyer who supports the tariffs, but what does he do now?i think we just elected him to attorney general, but he has never even tried a case, and hasn't holly been caught hanging at the gym and buying wine during work hours? has this guide in anything as ag? >> the one thing holly did do was use our tax dollars to and protections for pre-existing medical conditions. >> totally helping the insurance companies and not us. do not always agree with claire mccaskill, but she works hard fighting against those tariffs, doing all the town halls, and she is not afraid to stand up against her own party. >> she is not one of those crazy democrats. she works in the middle and finds compromise. >> especially when it comes to protecting things in missouri.

host: the latest ad there from claire mccaskill's campaign. on the house side, the headline in "the washington times," -- fear of the feet fuels democrats to foot the house. have focused on the republican held districts, where won, and on most one third of the seats where republicans have resigned or are retiring, seen as giving democrats an edge. some of the current troubles exist in the geordie nonwhite districts, where democrats worry about not turning up hispanic voters. they had given up hope of david ,bout dale -- of david valdeo but the ball of the battles are being fought in historic lee conservative suburbs, that are filled with highly educated voters who disapprove of president trump and see the midterm ballot as a way to express displeasure.

national republicans have abandoned some of the districts, but they have renewed efforts in areas surrounding los angeles, where there are five hotly contested races in districts votedave long conservatively. it goes on to say that democrats are focused on the republican tax bill, climate change, and they believe the tax bill has particular resonance in the higher class with a will take a hit on property tax deductions. they are also trying to cap into the liberal energy coursing through the party while appealing to moderates, who make up the districts where they are running. one running in the heart of orange county used to be a theblican and is touting support he is getting from republicans across the district. on wednesday, the former new york mayor, bloomberg, him with the ad. >> it is getting harder, but

while fire and smoke choker air, dana rohrabacher is opposed to efforts to fight climate change. >> global warming is a fraud. >> he voted against the plan to reduce carbon monoxide emissions, siding with coal companies over californians' health. tto asked -- too extreme and out of touch. say no to dana rohrabacher. host: that ad funded by michael million ad buy, and he also bought another district in california, a traditionally conservative district. we are talking to seniors only about how you plan to vote in 2018's election. linda is in new york, it is your turn. caller: finally, thank you. i am voting republican because i have common sense. i have watched democrats destroy new york state, and there was a

news article beginning of the week, and nobody has mentioned that. the democrat party is under investigation in texas. they have been sending ballots to i cannot say illegals, but , withre not citizens citizenship marked. the ones that turn them in are the ones that are receiving the people, and then four were arrested for stealing senior citizens' ballots, filling them out, and mailing them in. so you cannot trust the democrats at all. and chuck schumer is a joke as far as i am concerned. and i voted for cuomo the first time, and i found that he was as gun grabberilling

as the rest of the democrats, so there is no way i could ever vote for a democrat again. thank you. other stories to share, the u.s. news section of "the wall street journal," defense has fueled the rise in gross domestic product. the u.s. economy has expanded since april 2019 -- 2018. it is faster than the 2.2 annual growth rate between made-2000 -- mid-2009 and when the expansion started in april 2017. faster government spending accounted for nearly half the acceleration. shifted from contracting at a 2.1% annual rates between 2009 and 2017, to growing at 2.9 percent rate since april 2017. the turnaround added 2.1 percentage points on average to the nation's overall economic

g.o.p. long odds cut by ellison's scandal falling from a seven-pointlead to a deficit in t"new york times" there. oroville.o vote? you plan to your line is -- we are having you.iculty hearing caller: is it ok now? better.w it is independent but i identify more with democrats. story about u a civility? host: ok. 1960's i was going in the army draft physical

terre haute or indianapolis. ed in a peaceful, we were 10 or 12 olved we had prevents and none of them civil rights, against the war. three of walked to the bus and were protesting against the and human rights rights and we got into a discussion and that hour and a indianapolis feels a civil discussion and we still with each other by the time we got to indianapolis but i think we understood a more of how each other felt. who is strongrist

ut compassionate but it will have to be an extreme problem solver and i'm not sure there is out there. a t: we will be talking with with more in ge ommon the study of america's polarize d landscape. we will take that after this break. q&a james mann uthor at johns hopkins school of advanced international studies talks about his george w.of president bush. >> i don't worry about my legacy still study three door and velt or harry truman there won't be an objective history on this administration for a long time. it is not too soon to judge some

aspects of his legacy. soon to judge on the war in iraq. it didn't accomplish what he thought it was going to themplish before he started war. t cost 4,000 plus american lives and $2 trillion and i and i don't ook think this judgment will change, one of the biggest strategic blunders in american history. that is sunday night 8:00 q&a.ern on c-span's >> book tv is live from the texas book festival in austin 11:00 a.m. urday astern with pulitzer price winning journalist jose antonio undocumented f an citizen.

then heartland a memoir of hard and being broke in history st country on and presidents of war and the chasing times" on hillary, 10 years, two political glass ns and one intact ceiling. on sunday our live coverage ontinues at noon eastern with stanford aoufrbt proffer talking the demand for the making the book of a dream how a group of young ndocumented immigrants helped change what it means to be mark. lebron very much talks about big game the nfl in teaimes and the quest to heart.an artificial watch live coverage of the texas ook festival in austin this weekend on book tv.

host: we have the co-author of a hidden hey did the tribes of america. in common.t is more guest: it is an international devoted to that is understanding and combatting racturization and polarization in society. ost: your survey the study of america's polarized landscape, what did you do? surveyed 8,000 americans across the country all reserve samples so we samples and tive all socioeconomic status and the hours of focus

groups and interviews to better understand what is going on in of polarization in society today. a variety of eman -- we asked people a variety of questions, about their core eliefs so they are questions related to more their underlying views about what makes a good what are their moral oundations, moral values, things like that. then we asked a bunch of questions about views about politics today. everything from immigration it gun control. host: you characterized the of this and put people into a variety of groups. those groups is progressive activists. they make up about 8%. are these people? guest: progressive activists are ideologically liberal segments.he seven we used their core beliefs and ategorized them into sunday segments that range across the

deological spectrum from progressive activists on the left and to devoted right.atives on the so, progressive activists are ery, very active in politics, ngry, secular and more cosmopolitan higher education and higher income than some segments and they are much concerned usion and with issues of social justice in america today. other groups of the conservative wing, the other side, traditional conservative up 19% and devote d conservatives making up 6%. you call these two segments the side. of the other who are these people? uest: the traditional conservatives and devote conserve actives both tend to be slightly old er

and living more in the south and midwe midwest. they also tend to be more more ican voter, supportive of donald trump, more pposed to issues like immigration, more supportive of and things triction like that. host: then you have what you exhausted the majority. they are traditional liberals 11%. make up passive liberals 15%. politic disengaged at 26%, this group.h 15% of what do you mean by the exhausted majority? guest: exhausted majority is 67% population. it has three-man qualities. umber one, they are frustrated with polarization and they are fed up with the system as a with and they are fed up both sides arguing at each other

and don't necessarily identify extreme views of either the left or the right. they are more flexible in their so they dannell answer the -- don't necessarily answer the vary responses from issue to issue. and they don't necessarily have much of a voice in the american political discourse they are not necessarily as loud or assen assen engaged. the model rates and traditional liberals are paying attention they also feel disillusioned and not necessarily represented process.litical host: did you ask these groups what y vote and, if so, did they tell you? groups, f the four traditional, liberal rams and model -- liberals and moderates more inclined.

passive liberals and politically disengaged are were less likely to vote or be active in the community. some don't know who the vice president is and they are not necessarily very much engaged on.h what is going they hear people talk about politics but it doesn't concern lives so they don't pay that were. host: david brooks looked at the and he wrote a smarter look at america areas divide. sometimes think of this as a populist moment he not true.hat is my first big take away from hidden tribes is our political is primarily a rich white civil war between progressives and privileged conservatives. right. that's host: explain. guest: what we have are essentially on the wings of the most, the most extremes of

the ideological spectrum the progressive activists on the devoted conservatives on the right are both more ikely to be white than the other groups. they are also higher income than the other groups. they are more engaged in the political process. they are more likely to vote segment and more likely to be active in social edia and voices more likely to be heard. what we see and this is sort of of -- the kerr insights core insights there is a perception that america is polarized. nine of 10 americans say that is the most polarized in their life times and we have 50-50 divide red versus blue and cosmopolitan rural, liberal versus conserve active. is that re suggesting perception is mostly driven by the extremely loud voices at the most extreme ends only about 15%

the rest ulation and of america doesn't subscribe to hatred ense sense of were the other side and strong identity with their own political views. they are more interested in compromising and finding common ground. host: he wrote unfortunately people in the exhausted majority coherent rrative, no philosophy to organize their action.g and compel when they get one i suspect it will look unlike the two narratives today. guest: yes, that's right. -- ofrpbl what we have the unfortunately the narrative that is put forward so often is very strong conservative values, religious alues on the right and on the left issues of social justice, of things.hose sorts

what david brooks is suggesting nd i think this is very much true what we need in america is a new narrative, a new to unite americans around common values. pay require a sense of both ion of people that sides often see as the enemy. is suggested is there may be an opportunity if you appreciate what the core beliefs that are driving people's views. for instance, we asked people that ch do you think people's circumstances are responsible for personal success versus their own hard work and discipline. conservatives are far more to say hard work and. and discipline are key to people on success and the left are more likely to say uck and circumstance is responsible for individual success. a narrative that engages majority may have it

acknowledge complexity of both responsible and to acknowledge both the role of luck in people's lives and role personal responsibility. host: another example david rooks gives is of this exhausted majority 80% think is a problem and 82 say the same about hate speech. guest: that's right. a consensus among americans that there are issues don't represent them as both extremes. the idea that people think hate is a problem suggest people think people should be more sensitive about certain america. there are topics that are still very much important and aspects are happening to underreserve underrepresented minorities. at the same time the idea that think political

correctness is a problem suggests they think this even saying ity to wrong thing may ultimately be making roductive to progress because it stops people have having the important to move ions they need the country forward. this so, what you do with surv survey, what are your recommendations? our recommendations are on who you pending are talking to. if we talk to the average news is umer the important thing to make sure that you have at daily ome voice in your news feed or whatever it is that you use so you don't necessarily if you are just getting news all the time that only confirms your own point of view not engaging with the important ideas on the other a e and you have to find voice or news source that you might disagree with but you respect. there is also -- we need to

more age a sense of respect, good faith and dialogue n the, among the people in the exhausted majority by knowing that there are 67% of the opulation that doesn't feel like they subscribe to the extreme views on the wings. an opportunity to say i'm not the only way who was this polarization doesn't represent me and that could be an opportunity to create more warneawareness and knowing that there's a group want to see instead of this dividing rhetoric an opportunity political leaders to say there's a whole group of just don't re who feel as though they are, their and they areg told being seen and spoken to. so for political leaders it is to create and put forward a narrative and dialogue this exhausted

majority and that could be the political success and moving the country tpaorbtd. forward. host: this is a survey by more in common. questions and ur comments. we will go to akron, ohio, a democrat. caller: hi. democrats and republicans are about the love and protection of animals but this senate flected in the and house. 51 republican senators voted to hunters into our ational wild life refuge to shoot mammals from planes. senator gle democrat voted for that. in the house 220 republicans for the murder and only five democrats did. in addition, 12 republican attorneys general filed a giving bigger se

cages [inaudible]. anyone who is planning on voting incumbent congressman or oman should know 90% voted for bear cub murder. host: ok. we will go to john in grand north dakota. a democrat. hi, john. caller: hi. all this tribalism stuff and olar decision is fine and dandy. but on this bombing stuff, only are going it benefit russians. are they are still in it because it.p lets them be in host: what are you referring to, john? caller: the bombings. host: what did you mean the only eople that benefit are the russians? caller: they are still in our elections. even said they are still

there. right? host: ok. john in north dakota there, a democrat. what your about survey means for political leaders. i want to show you're viewers have you respond to in kings institution in may an event at the state of american democracy and they of ussed the difficulty governing in this multicultural society. hard governing a mult multiracial, multi-ethic, mul - in which aal society was on of that society itself outnumbered at least in and suffering, hether true or not as a consequence of that. e don't have examples around

so world of such successes, it is bound to be difficult. if the uld submit economic conditions were that the pressure on vastly cultural would be diminished. host: what is your reaction to hearing that st? guest: i think he is absolutely right. country.is a very big it is one of the most diverse acially and socioeconomically in the world and there is an incredible challenge as americans that we have for unity.g i think that diversity is both at the same time one of the challenges politically and also one of the greatest strengths. it is an opportunity to learn each other. there is an american exuberance interpersonal energy that comes from the fact that people encountering

people that look different and think different from them. one of ree that it is those sources of biggest challenges of america and also be different to and move ahead in the world in a unique. is host: what causes the tribalism?on, the guest: there's a bunch of different causes. xperts have talked about everything from the influence of oney in elections, the hyper polarize polarized essence of social media. has been talked about in other commentary is just the fact that everyone when they log social media every day theron countering views -- they encountering views that serve to enforce and confirm heir owner particular views about the world. so, what you have, because are notten countering -- notten countering something that

are their beliefs they become ore convinced that their own world view is the only right one and they are more convinced that a different lds point of view must be either inhuman.gnorant or so the social media aspect definitely plays a role. finally, even in traditional media you have an incentive to voices that are extremely, on the most extreme sides that are angry because that is more entertaining. people watch the news as much for entertainment so they that serve e voices to confirm their views where what we really need instead much sound bites is longer fortunately conversation here people can have a more nuanced and reasonable debate and they don't have to see each maybe s the enemy but have different approaches to accomplishing a common goal. host: lee from sleeve port --

shreveport louisiana. caller: i'm 59 and for people to a station we need where there is a middle ground where people can argue like they do and also i can tell you something that upsets me is fact that i used to watch egyn kelly on fox and i really enjoyed her because she argued with a lot of people. that nt on nbc and made remark about black face. i'm from the south and that is terrible. that made me sick at my stomach. he -- i don't know if she didn't know it but that is ignorant if she didn't because i friends down here and it really hurt their feelings. that is wrong. gets people stirred up. and to young people like you know about do you

that? have you heard about it before? lot of young people like my son said mom i never heard about that. he said i'm glad i know. i said never should you say something like that. do you know what i'm saying? thank you. thank you for that comment. first of all i agree with you 100% that what we need in the first part of the comment we people opportunity for to have debates in a respect fu not taking goal is down humility of the other person which is often the case news but instead having a easonable debate about not people's character but about their ideas and good faith opportunity to say we want the thing and we just disagree about the best way it accomplish it. point.s a fantastic in terms of megyn kelly's comments the other day, i'm of those comments. a o think that was not

sensitive thing for her to say and she needs to take an opportunity to listen to the her and really see that while she may have the best is a sense s there she doesn't seem understand the comments which her are being heard and i agree it is wrong. ost: mark in new york, a democrat. caller: hello. he can ndering if comment on if he's seen any part either s study where side has looked at both sides of the news. guest: i'm sorry, i'm not sure if i understand question. side has looked at both sides of the news? sticking withd of one narrative bounce back and understand both. host: do one of these groups that you identified. see.t: i the people on the extremes continued to be very, very in the news they get.

devoted conservatives, traditional conserve actives a huge viewership and istenership of only a very few select sources of news. nd rush g fox news apbd limbaugh, conservative commentators. want them to find somebody who doesn't confirm those views and that dy that you respect you might disagree with that will be an opportunity to at the hear another side of story. there goes for both sides. i think that liberals sometimes of their et outside very closed bubble and need to take an opportunity to listen to the other side. there are some people in social suggest even when you listen to the other side it doesn't make them change their make them more convinced of their views. but if you find somebody you whose good faith you

respect and think they are rying to do the best for the country there will be time for people to have a little bit more omplex understanding of the different ways we can approach progress in america. looked at different views and how people responded. immigration impact. 51% said immigration is good for helping sectors of our economy to be more successful and competitive. 49% said it is bad for america system and welfare you using resources that could on americans. 51.ual heart was 49, white privilege. these the results of questions you asked about these issues, what do they tell you? what you are pointing out are some issues that are the ideologically split in

america. is suggestion is a picture of left versus right. ask slightly more detailed questions about see aic policy issues you fair at of agreement. agreement.unt of if you ask if illegal people brought as children should have pathway to citizenship over hree quarters of americans think they should. if you ask should we have tricter gun laws it present further mass shooting three there s or more think should be stricter gun laws so there are aspects and issues in unite americans but these issues are often lost because there is this perception just us versus them. figure key here is to out what those issues are and to those extreme

minorities of people that are in digits that are often taking over the conversation and preventing progress from being issues that unite americans. host: if there was a political wanted to there who exhausted this, -- majority how could they appeal o this group in a new wapbsed -- nuanced way on complicated issues and get people to go with them and not have their eyes glaze over? uest: it is all about developing a new language and narrative for america. and this ve right now is what david brooks pointed out, we have a narrative that is focused on social justice and oppressed people that are not enjoying the same benefits and dignity that other are.cans that is an important issue. these continue to be important issues.

on the other hand, when you have conserve active that -- conservative that have genuine concerns about whether it with open o have things like all gun rights to be taken away not that democrats re saying that but these are people who are very focused on the idea that of personal on onsibility and focused the idea -- i will give you an idea. conservatives when you ask them parenting is it more important for a child to be creative ersus conserve actives are more -- conservatives are more likely to there should be obedient nd respectful of elders and good manners. these are important values and liber conserve ear whether actives are -- hear what kobe chalking e saying and

it up to i think in accordance i think in accordance or authoritarian views or maintain and continue to social and structural injustice. case, y sometimes be the but the point here is that when somebody mentions the idea of a being obedient or a person being responsible and having their in some sense of outcomes this doesn't necessarily mean they are a terrible person. answer the question, a leader who is capable of joining narratives and saying as americans it is in everyone's interest to ensure everyone has equal dignity in america. does not matter what side of the political spectrum you on. at the same time you can acknowledge there are opportunities for people to make their own way and to have a of control in their environment. people that makes both

see that the issues of both ides are issues if we can get rid of this caricature we have of each side and join them and issues everyone can care in is the narrative that someone can unite the, and move -- the, hawed majority. -- exhausted majority. john we will talk to independent. caller: the reason i'm independent is i have major issues with both parties. i can't stand the republicans' stance on gun control. can't stand democrats' stance on supporting teachers unions not allowing tree choice. i can't stand the democratic wanting to -- attitude toward wanting to tax political r their donors and i don't like the epublicans' attitude on abortion is i'm clearly divided. and i do try to listen to c-span

a lot because i do think you give the balanced view of people rom each extreme as well as people in middle. as the writer points out that the media has to get ratings, has two get attention and so they are going extreme or the statement in order to get people to pay attention to them. my wifeas i like c-span do not because it is not entertaining. i don't know what the answer is, to get people to be interested in education. to juan williams on fox hannity and cnbc rarely but once in a while they have a few make sense. how do we get people to listen don't want to hear from the opposite side? great question.

thank you. i think that one thing that is in the media is there is a perception that what hyperpolarizedis xtreme argumentative views and what our data suggests is this is not the case. america an appetite in for a more reasoned, respectful i think that media channels are just overlooking this opportunity. i agree with you, right now you often ironment just get very, very polarized on both sides and you have very little opportunity for form conversation. but americans want this and i channels are ia often missing this opportunity because they don't know it. laurel, will go to maryland. a republican. you are on the air. thank you for taking my

call. down thathave to turn television, ok. listen and talk through the phone. can r: daniel, i wish you come on tv every station, every you on for a put half hour. be unified.t we can been saying is so very right. points to a few make. that is, i grew up in india, and and live the ome american dream. this country is just the most country to come to. and settled came

down here, it was so wonderful. but things have changed so badly years.e many i believe one of the reasons is there sis a cultural radiation. tphis not homogenous like denmark or a skaeupbd nativen -- countries.n we have whites, blacks, asian, become t and when we u.s. citizens we have to think o ourselves we are americans resolve to saying , youwe are being basically being put down upon or looked down upon, or that we are

being told we don't belong to this country. all of us are americans. and one other point is that listening to s c-span journal and some of the eople that were commenting on trump would say that he's a liar, everything he says is a lie. well, you know, we have to remember that he says about the if it is doing well any time it goes up that is true. unemployment has gone down, that is true. erusalem is capital of israel because of what he took. so there are many issues when he did this, i is, i did this, they are all true. board people say he is lying. so, daniel, i'm very what you are f saying and keep up the good work all of us at some

point are going to be united and very proud of being here in the united states. guest: thank you. host: what are your thoughts istening to that gentleman's comments? guest: i hear someone who came to america, has an enormous pride in the country than s more complex views maybe either of the sides would acknowledge. who is trying to maybe see a more complex story what are donald trump's accomplishments. that is another issue, but what gentleman's he comments is someone who is trying to have a more nuanced our political f moment right now and is really esiring to get back to a place

respectful have conversation between both sides and that is the person we have discovered is far more common in america than previously understood. we will go to sean our last call key west florida, independent. caller: good morning. i'm listening to the discussion to find a trying point that will appeal to both there the spectrum and is such a workout called a modest proposal. example.ve you an on global warming they say we can't answer the question of warming but we are confident to answer the question f good stewardship of our world. we have polluted the environment tend to bring the latest further.gy and goes on the context is there is medium ground and there is education, more war, not service,

healthcare. in the sses the people middle, the ends of the spectrum are running things but 90% of people in the middle are not interested in this silliness, that is not getting anything accomplished. his individual has written birthing that talks about control where it says we don't try to stop a woman from getting child but o have a waway -- we start taking care o see that viduals and they are educated if they want to have a child. we see adoption. say they are taken care of as good citizen. no more war. it addresses these subjects. it is called a modest proposal. she has a interested thing on youtube her name is lynch and she has a thing called the modest proposal whraeud out how you --

laid out how to find the middle ground that people can agree to. it is not supporting one person o lead but for a number of individuals to listen to a series of ideas that they can for themselves. host: daniel? i appreciate that. thank you very much. i will definitely check it out. to emphasize though that sometimes when we talk about ground it doesn't necessarily mean we are talking sent -- centrism. t doesn't mean it is into the important to fight for aspects of social justice that are still at issue. means that it is important to make all americans, help all americans realize some of these issues are issues that all of us instead of a

select few. appreciate the thought. host: if our viewers want to to hidden can go tribes u.s..com it red more. -- to read more. .-- t: hidden traoeubgs tribes.us. thank you for the conversation. much.: thank you very host: we will spend the last minutes ss than 20 going back to the conversation we have been having with seniors only. vote in 2018. if you live in the eastern dialal part of count seniors only. we want to know how you plan to vote.

voting blockivated and the numbers from morning consult say 71% of seniors up to vote in 2016, 53% of them voted for president and according to the latest polls from morning they see a departure and seniors are leaning toward democrats. 19-point generic ballot edge with highly voters.ed senior issues we want to know if you are a senior how do you plan to vote and what is motivating you. is it healthcare or the entitlement program of medicare, concert. economy or as "u.s.a. today" points out in their paper motivated by either supporting or opposing president trump. a look at this in participate this morning of "u.s.a. today." have ch impact will trump on your congressional vote. 35% said a lot and those people oppose him.

23 said a lot and they are to support him. marvin in norfolk, virginia. to you.ning are you vote being in 11 days? party?ch caller: democrat. why.: tell us caller: say what? host: tell us why. caller: because we need our than ever.more right now s old and the republicans are doing paoeeople, lying to the telling white face lies about health care. what way? what are they saying that is a lie? aller: they are saying that they would protect medicare to take ey voted medicare away from us and if it john mccain we would not have healthcare.

host: you are talking about the affordable care act? caller: caller: right. host: ed in winchester, virginia. hi, ed. taking my nks for call. i'm one of those young seniors, years old so i'm a young senior. i'm voting independent. mean is that nothing is going to change in this country change the make-up of he house of representatives that is right behind you. after the cavanaugh hearings i we need to do something that the age of the people represent our country. charles grassley i believe is 85 and i have a granddaughter who is 10 weeks old. am not comfortable letting him who is isions about going to control my

20 ddaughter when she is years old. incumbent vote every out of there and change the voting against every incumbent in office. change that nothing will change, just going from one from to another color or one letter to another letter doesn't change anything. pelosi needs to go. dianne feinstein. in that she made heari hearing, the cavanaugh hearings convinced me we need to change the senate. host: karen in mesa, arizona. good morning to you. good morning. host: how do you plan to vote? i voted by mail absentee ballot. voted all blue for

democrats. define myself as an independe independent. . do watch c-span nd i host: you are being distracted tv in the background. oregon.r from john in john, good morning. john in oregon? all right. caller: yes. the air. are on how do you plan to vote? caller: democratic. i have already voted. has the best way to vote. for everyone. host: why did you vote democratic? i have to vote where there is intelligence. ou look at our history recently, 30 years, 40 years, onald reagan, richard nixon,

george w. bush. it is really awful. host: ok. arnold in tennessee. air.re on the caller: good morning. how are you this morning? voted and i voted straight democrat. money issue.of 99% of the problems in this are ry and in the world aused by folks amassing un-godly amounts of wealth and they seemed to be turning a eye to the needs of society. -- well, let ous me rephrase that. issue.a loving we have to learn to love one -- if and that is what religion is not leading to

ove other people you need to take a look at what your beliefs are. the love nothing is going to change. this month, f refus reverend pat conroy the chaplain of the house, he prayed a prayer and in the middle of the prayer words. these all eid give to us and people a vivid sense of your presence presence. vidence of proof, evidence of god would, i think, help to bring people together. that u have to remember god is love. utmost and first god is love and love one learn to another.

if you will let me go on for a written a book that i called in and talked about before, and there is god in the structure of the text of my book. something happened while i was writing book and it is either or signature of coincidence the signature of intelligent design. god.s a signature of that is what it is. line bsite, i put it on and it is free, no charge. god is lo.org and i'm either arnold 77 white.or a host: i will leave it there. fini confirmed an 11 package confirmed a.p. sources say to others appearance addressed to cory booker and

a.p. reporting suspicious in new york post office addressed to james clapper. leslie in missouri talking to only.s how do you plan to vote? aller: i plan to vote democrat because we have chair mccaskill and she is a moderate. reaches across the aisle, tries to work with everyone. all the issues. she makes her own decisions. the last caller said need tove, i believe we get together and be more united. e need to see this in our politics and media, in our government. i feel and i hope everybody else in missouri was the same. the senate, make-up of he senate after the elections republicans feeling more confident of keeping their

majority in the senate and both flooded airwaves with cash and invested about $173 million commercials final two weeks of the campaign and democrats are tempering expectations being a knowledging unlikely to hold north dakota but hopeful about way.where breaking in north dakota the person who gnaw raise car and others areon locked in a close contest in underscored the support for cavanaugh and health care laws. of indiana is another top target of republicans who sought to cast and u.s. chamber of commerce shows this picture bernie sanders and elizabeth warren. nd he fought back saying he opposes calls to abolish

mmigration and that is in indiana and the "washington ost" goes on to say in texas and tennessee g.o.p. leaders believe that ted cruz and marsh have improved their positions in past few weeks and their shape to keep states in republican hands. alan from s tallahassee, florida. good morning. caller: good morning. seem two lean on a lot lately. however, how much love do they when they calloborn and abort womb babies by the millions. that is a hypocritical bunch of people as far as i'm concerned. host: is abortion the issue that ou vote on every election

cycle? caller: no, no. it is the democrats more and government and they really t heart are basically socialists and communists because they want government to control everything and that is why america is as great as it is today. in the world ry and they want the -- the thecrats want us to be like respect of the countries of the with less personal freedom and less responsibility and i'm just so -- there's an old saying no fool like an old fool and if you can't see what the last 70 g on years with our education system of class aken god out or schools and so forth and if

trend is he way the going with more and more and you wantgration and if to change this country to be more like the world instead of old fashioned united states of america, then go ahead and your democrat. host: let's go to doyle in chattanooga, tennessee. which party are you voting for? caller: democrat. host: tell us why. caller: because of two things. from the navy ld and i know what the president's is. i know what the congress's job is. jobs, sident has two congress has a job. the law.ess makes the president can only do what he can do. and he is a ties law enforcement. congress makes the law.

do everything.t tells about the submarines that we have that are supposed to be silent, i know about them. supposed to be silent. but when you tell the world where they are at, you do submaybe -- to our submarine sailors. i will get to john in penn valley, california. how are you -- hi, how are you. i definitely enjoy c-span. when i do things, i do it for results. that has president resul results. that is why i'm going to be republican. when it comes to situations like obama, read america's bitter

grill or look at the life at the bottom. situations that the emocratic party has not shown any result. we i'm seeing presently is and our country is iety transition. he standard republicans do not want change, the standard democrats do not want change so ou have children bouncing back and forth. host: bob in bronx. good morning. caller: good morning. taking my call. i will be proudly voting democratic. hese republicans think we're idiots. vettoted to appeal obama care and now they face the forequences they say we are what you are for. they are phonies. trump came from new york.

katherine, saint over, chigan, talking -- saint joseph, michigan. gentleman from florida and california are right on. and i have woken up. asleep a lot of us were at the wheel for years. i'm voting republican because democrats don't represent the people any more. and waters pelosi and booker, they are just evil. they spew out evil and they tell they incite riots and people to get riled up. this isn't what we need at all. do agree -- host: does the president incite people to get riled up? people justhe wants to wake and you that is his way

up.aking people host: couldn't you say same about booker and waters? >> no, they are telling people to stop people in restaurants, on the street and get a group together and i mean get a group together you are inciting riots. to do inciting people be gs that they should not doing. host: and the president at a -- y with a group of people caller: he is trying to get do the iled up so they right things. so one way. i think that is the whole thing a law re should be against what is put out there. council bluffs, iowa. hi.er: i finally grew up and decided to

vote all republican. i wouldn't vote for a democrat or any of waters these other democrats if you -- me host: john, how old are you? 63, union my whole life nd democrats quit working for the union and started working and all the hina, people that don't want to work want tree insurance. to -- free insurance. go to work and pay insurance and insurance.ve you can't work, you will be taken care of. they never they never have been not been taken care of. the guy got it right, it is all tribalism. nancy and maxine waters are a bunch of which doctors. host: waynesboro, pennsylvania.

caller: hello. i don't like to vote strictly on the basis of party, but this year especially i will be voting more against republicans -- that is, unless i know that there is some individual out there who deserves a vote. my reasons are that in general, republicans will not stand up to trump on anything, whether it is tariffs, whether it is racial issues, they just cower behind him. host: bill, i have to leave it there. sorry to abruptly end, but we have to bring it to the national press club. there was a discussion on digital platforms and their impact on the progressive movement in the midterm election. live coverage on c-span. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit nc.o