eastern. c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 199, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies and today we bring you unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court and public policy events in washington, d.c., and around the country. c-span is brought to you by your satellite or cable provider. , and we ehh

support journalists who are economically struggling. a quarter of our grant recipients are low incom are re, photographers, filmmakers. we give them grants so they can do fine journalism about income inequality in america. host: this latest book, "squeezed: why our families can't afford america," what prompted you to undertake this project, and who are you writing about in this book? guest: i was having my first child in my late 30's eight years ago, and just realized my husband and i, both freelancers, would be going through our savings at a heavy clip unless we changed our lives substantially. i call it a vortex. we entered this vortex where we forme increasingly anxious

ourselves, but i started to want to report on my friends and many of the other people in this country going through this as well who were journalists, lawyers, accountants, nurses, school teachers who felt like they had tried to do everything right according to the middle-class american dream, and yet it hadn't quite worked out for them. i spent four to five years on "squeezed" was what emerged at the end. host: what is at the heart of this book? what kind of people? what are their stories? guest: i have a story about a librarian who was living in a one-bedroom apartment in minnesota, and her husband was in i.t., and they were deep in debt. debt is a theme in this book, from education to health care. they couldn't figure out how to have separate rooms for them and their young son. i talked to an adjunct to had a disabled child and was trying to figure out how to live on $24,000 a year. she was a professor.

she had an advanced degree. and yet the masted workout. she was getting paid -- and yet the math didn't work out. she was getting paid so little her class. wholked to daycare workers in some ways have it worse than the middle-class parents who are squeezed. it the nesting dolls come of this continuum of child workers who support the year --lass "$5,000 a making $25,000 a year living and -- living inexpensive places, and that doesn't cover it anymore. host: we want to have our viewers join in this conversation, so we've divided the lines by household income. if you make less than $50,000, dial-in at (202) 748-8000. if you have an income between $50,000 and $100,000, your line

is (202) 748-8001. if you make over $100,000, (202) 748-8002. what are your stories? how do you define yourself, lower or middle-class? you talk a little bit about that, but what is -- how is the middle class doing since the recession, and how do you define book? those in your guest: a lot of the people in my book are struggling economically, or they are just kind of, they feel like the security their parents had is out of reach. there's a study done of class mobility that shows that people born in the 1940's, by the time they were 30, had a 50-50 chance of making what their parents did. now people born in the 1980's -- i'm sorry, people born in 1940's had a 92% chance of what their parents did.

people born in the 1980's had a 50-50 chance of making what their parents did. so for many of the people i am talking to, their parents were more secure than they are. i do find the middle-class in a never of different ways. one is household income of a $115,000,2,000 and which is kind of a big spread. the other is how people feel about themselves. do they think they are middle-class? do they aspire to certain things? what is their american dream? the third way is professional training. do they have advanced degrees, certificates? have they gone to medical school, law school? there are three different measures people tend to use. host: what is it that makes these people feel squeezed and can't afford america? guest: a lot of it is debt. there's a huge amount of school

debt that has gone up astronomically. public universities cost double what they did in 1996. there's a lot of health care debt. there's a cost of housing, which is squeezing people in major cities. new york, san francisco, l.a. even smaller, fashionable cities like austin. i've been talking to people around the country since this book them out, and people talk about housing. they talk about school debt, their own and their kids' school debt. people talk about daycare also, which has gone up at a clip as well. i spoke to people spending at least 30% of their earnings on day care, sometimes more. that, of course, is not a sustainable thing if you have more than one child. you start to be incredibly pressured. host: what about the types of jobs that people can get as our economy has changed over the years? people hear about the gig economy.

how has it changed, and how has that impacted people's ability to afford or attain a certain level of lifestyle? guest: what of the chapters of my book is about school teachers who drive uber on the side. i talked to 10 or 15 schoolteachers who were driving over or fast driving over -- driving uber or lyft or other ridesharing services. they were unable to make it work because they were living in these expensive school districts where they were teaching jobs, but school teacher salaries didn't go very far. that meant they were grading at stop lights and creating curriculum on highways, sometimes even driving the parents of the kids they were teaching. to me, that was a strange thing as an example of the gig economy because uber had cunningly come up with a scheme to try and recruit teachers and nurses.

the campaign was called something like teachers driving our future. to me it is because middle-class is more valuable as a sign or symbol than the teachers themselves. the teachers weren't being paid enough, but uber recognized how important they were as a symbol to potential writers. generally the gig economy has affected this is people don't have health insurance, necessarily, working for these companies. they don't have an ownership stake. they are working part-time, contingent where their labor is them -- withim or her labor is unsure of where their next job will come. whether it is domestic workers or drivers, generally the gig economy has added to contingency and this lack of security people are experiencing. host: we will go to calls.

byron is first in oregon, makes less than $50,000. what has been your experience, and how has it changed over the years? caller: i remember when i was younger, i could get a job pretty easy at almost any framing place. now there's a lot of people that pay the least amount as they can to get people in their crew and work them hard. it's good because there's a lot of buildings going up in my area , but housing costs have been driven up ridiculously. i have a girlfriend that cannot find a place locally. to even afford to pay for this housing, i mean, it has gone up to $1000 from $700 plus in like two years. it has been growing steadily. we live next to a sanctuary city

here. it is hard to get insurance for what i do because all i do is a handyman job, and it is hard for me to figure out how to even pay the taxes i owe. a business,become it makes it more of a headache to report quarterly. it is a struggle out here. i still live with my mom. i am 35. that is not something i want to do, but at the same time, i like the freedom to be self-employed. host: and byron, what do you do for a living? caller: i am a handyman. are you part of this gig economy? caller: no, i am it part of a small economy in forest grove. i don't advertise. host: where do you live?

caller: forest grove, oregon. guest: what of the things that strikes me is you are living with your extended family. that was a pattern i saw. since i've been talking about this book, people have been telling me stories about being in their 30's with children, living with their parents, and that is not what they expected. sometimes their parents don't fully understand the challenges. is that something you've experienced? caller: she understands. i live with my mom. my mom and my dad have been separated for a number of years, so i am kind of the guy of the house. but yeah, it has been a number of years. i've lived here for most of my life. to get my own place right now is kind of unfathomable. i don't know when i can actually afford without going into massive debt. that's the problem. i don't think going into debt is necessarily a good way to get what you need.

host: what do you think? guest: one of the things i saw over and over again were people experiencing this kind of sense of guilt or shame, and debt was part of this. student debt is something like $1.5 billion right now in this country. that itpeople have debt has almost become a new normal. something like 80% of people have debt. one of the things i hope this book would do is remove that stigma and remind so many people that it's become an ordinary thing, and perhaps you should just live with debt or perhaps you should consolidate your debt, or perhaps some people are pushing for things like debt forgiveness, where colleges or other companies forgive people's debt because you have so much of the country in that state, we have to do something about it. host: what about his thoughts on rental income and buying a home

across the united states? guest: it is absolutely true come a rent -- absolutely true, rents are going up depending where you live. in tennessee a family could be living fine on $50,000, but in lots of places, portland or potentially replace this fellow lives come and you might be struggling at $80,000 or even more. it depends on where you live, and for real estate to a great extent, but ever since 2008, people have been struggling with their cost of housing. i feel like that is being under addressed right now. we keep being told about unemployment numbers, but we are not really talking about the cost of housing as much as we should be, or how wages aren't keeping up with the cost of housing. .3%le are raising wages by

in one recent year, you know? it is not enough to address this, when he says it goes up for $400 for an apartment in a year. host: in "the wall street journal" this morning, "home price growth remains steady, remaining favorable for buyers and will likely do so in the months to come. more moderate price growth is a relief for taking the edge off of higher mortgage rates and potentially allowing wages to start to catch up with price gains in recent years." illinoisr from will in , who makes between $50,000 and $100,000. caller: good morning. i was hoping you could comment on expendable income between the 1980's, when my parents were my age, and now. it is just my impression that i have a lot less. i think i make more nominally been my parents ever did. my dad was a construction worker.

i am a software engineer. when they were 30 years old, they had a boat and a house. i am just getting out of my student debt, and i had very good scholarships. just hoping you can comment on that. guest: that is interesting because i've heard about this a lot. the problem isn't the cost of computers or televisions. all of these consumer goods are actually as reasonable or more reasonable than they were when i was a kid and you were a kid, but it is things like the cost of school, advanced syndication, or things like health care that thing to be -- advanced education, or things like health care that begin to be huge costs. did they not go to college? host: i'm sorry, he's not on the line anymore. guest: oh, all right. that is one of the things that, if they went to a public university, as i said, it has doubled in price in the last 20 years.

that means a lot of americans are being crushed by this debt. and also the sense of anxiety that comes along with it. ont: we will keep callers the line in case you were to ask questions. we will go to shelby in tallahassee, florida i'm a making over $100,000. caller: good morning. if we want to have something different and better for our country and its legacy, we are going to have to make the change in the policies that we have. the ramallah -- egala of the far right and retail is -- and religious tech fantasy of this race less internet, there seems to be a narrative that seems to be preaching. of course, we are -- my husband

retired. has a postgraduate phd. we are retired, and yet we are still learning over $100,000 in the midst of retirement because we adjusted our lifelong learning as people must do. you had a lady on -- host: what do you mean by that, i just your lifelong learning? what did you do? caller: the gentleman calling said he was a handyman. what is a jack of all trades to be in offer to the society? we have to offer skills to the society to be given pay. my main comment because i don't want to get off track, this is a very good book. i just finished. i read both "squeezed" and "even. -- and "even acted -- and "evicted." -- country

that has a legacy of exploitation of its people and now we are living with this consequence. we have teachers that we claim as an image preview just stated that you were -- uber has a nurses,-- we also have we have young people in school with high debt. because we've created it through a lobby of policy. the lady that was on immigration wouldn't talk about the e-verify where we are hiring high skilled of our have the job young people who are in college getting postgraduate masters degrees with dead but yet we bring in the foreigners. they're claiming now they want to give people -- this is not about race for me. this is about the fact that we have to create an institution of work. host: ok. i think we understand. guest: i'm not quite sure of the question exactly.

one of her points was that we live in an exploitative society. i definitely feel like that's one of the points of squeeze. people had a false consciousness that they were struggling. they got these degrees and it didn't hand out to her weren't these opportunities. we keep doing told education and that comes along with a lot of some of these degrees don't actually lead to work. there are states that have surplus or excess lawyers. 50% of the people law degrees in certain states can't find employment. i think part of the point was kind of a warning about doing what you love. doing the right thing that when you have a society that is to use a word rigged against a lot of americans these degrees don't

always help anymore. correctede caller was when she said this is exploitative and it's a culture of services that are exploiting people's dreams and not supporting their reality. host: leo in minneapolis. makes less than $50,000. and i'mmy name is leo 61 and i'm a substitute teacher in the minneapolis public school system. i make less than $50,000 a year. is i haven't read your book but i definitely do plan to read it. i don't understand why it is that people like myself for , i'm currently struggling with my job as substitute teacher. i love my job. i love doing it but i am struggling to pay bills.

decisions ofe whether i pay the light though or the mortgage payment or do i pay the water bill or the mortgage payment and stuff like degrees.i do have two towards twod degrees. have workedut i towards a third one which is a doctorate in public administration and i don't feel that my education has actually really helped me in terms of being i guess what you would define as successful. host: you make less than $50,000 a year. how much do you have in income per month and can you tell us what your bills are? you just rattled them off. can you tell us on average what your bills come to?

ok so for average i for the water bill. $200 for the gas bill. the mortgage payment might be $948 to a thousand dollars for month. -- per month. when i get my check from my it is where i sub, usually less than $600. host: for the entire month? caller: yes. that's for like a week. so for a month i make less than $2400 a month. host: alissa quart, go ahead. caller: this is the kind of piecemeal drop -- job that you are describing that is now more

typical. a lot of people are also working longer and longer hours. something like a 10% of the american workforce is working 60 hours or more. you have people working lots of hours but they are not getting a lot of security. they are not making enough and paying for things like the cost of your mortgage which sounds like a very large chunk of your earnings. it's close to half right? say, i'mnd also people vet.of that -- a i've been to the v.a. and this is the second time that i've been close to foreclosure on my mortgage. not because i want to but for example during the month of july, august and september i'm not working. jobs even apply for for jobs like the dollar store

for example and i'm told, you are overqualified. we don't what you doing this. and then there aren't very many jobs, other jobs i can apply for. and then i get no help from the v.a. host: this is a problem when people are talking about close to full employment. some of these jobs are bs jobs or their jobs that the fellow is overqualified for. the dollar store. they are sort of coming into communities when other stores close and they have become this kind of kudzu in serving all of these underserved communities. food deserts. they may be the only game in town when you are looking for a job but that doesn't mean that you're going to be a fit for it or this is the job you would -- would want.

i'm thinking about the g.i. bill and earlier moments in american history where the middle class was supported. once they buy a house had been a veteran or there's other kinds of support for them around schools and scholarships and things. i wonder if this guy has gotten any of that. host: leo? caller: i have not. i can say that if you are a veteran and if you are not either a vietnam vet or a recent vet then the v.a. is of no help to you. toause i served from 1981 1984 and did two years inactive reserves and when i go to the v.a. i have asked for help several times and i have not gotten that. quart, let me go on to day via in huntsville,

$100,000 youg over are on the air. caller: how are you? guest: nice to hear your voice. caller: i'm actually really excited to talk to you because your books seem extremely interesting and i have a friend who does a lot of indie documentaries. it's called limitless video productions. i think you make a lot of valid points. this is more like a comment. what do you think about how the gig economy can benefit people with the increase in community participation and linkedin and building more of a collaborative structure within small business integrating digital and gauge and ai and software?

that's a great question. i address some of that in my book. there's an idea of platform cooperative is him where the worker from handy or the task rabbit person would now have a stake in the app and so there , there's one for domestic workers and caregivers. there's one for graphic artists and these workers meet in real life in a cooperative setting and then they also have a share in the app and i think ownership is going to be the company. i think the problem is whenever these giant digital conglomerates where you don't ever see, there is no clear management. you don't see a human face. you're just a cog in the wheel. work andetting sent you are getting sent payment

with them taking so much off the top of it. that's a problem. have creating some new world where people have ownership in any of these apps it could actually be a boon. there's nothing in itself wrong with doing freelance work if you have a stake in it. bob is in broken arrow, oklahoma. you make between $50,000 and $100,000. you are on the air. i always hear these experts talking about why americans are getting squeezed. i never hear them talk about what role the nanny state plays in squeezing out the american dream. because from obama to the v.a., obamacare, all that stuff has wrecked a lot of businesses and a lot of our economy and i never the hear somebody say government has to stop doing this. the government has to stop doing that. host: alissa quart?

i think me and that gentlemen have a disagreement about this. i don't think the government is doing too much. i think the government is doing too little. there were obviously some problems with obamacare. when i spoke to a lot of the squeezed folks in my book they had trouble with it when they were freelancers. it wasn't a panacea and i'm not making excuses for it. i also think if you look at most developed nations they do much more for our citizens. there's pregnancy leave and maternity leave. there's subsidized day care. i started looking into this and recording. i spoke to people in iceland and people who lived in denmark. i saw a very different world. and canada for that matter. i think we would be a lot more productive if we helped our families with pre-k and day care in the early years. host: we will go to patricia in minneapolis.

caller: good morning. my comment is illegal immigration affects rent prices, employment. that's a huge problem. if there is more demand for housing of course the place fills up. also i noticed you two aren't listening to the callers. the handyman called and you asked him what did he do. he already said he was a handyman. and as far as that goes he said he didn't advertise. he didn't want to start a business. and then he complains about not having enough money. he didn't want to do quarterly. some of the reasons he can't afford things is their own behavior. he doesn't sound like a go getter. guest, when the software engineer called in she asked him, did you go to college? how come i hear these colors and you two don't and that's your

job. host: i apologize. i did not hear him say handyman at the time. that's my job. i will do a better job. alissa quart? guest: i think there's a limit to what individuals can do to be a go-getter. there is something that starts to emerge called decision fatigue. figure out your bank balances, how to care for a clear career trajectory it can be kind of depressing and people stop making good decisions. that's not to say they are not youwhat culpable and maybe have been able to do this and oftenhrough but i think it's very hard to do that especially when you have a kid. as manyeing laid off journalists are being laid off for another profession.

that's my attitude towards some of this. i think i have been listening pretty closely to the callers. in wisconsin makes over 100,000 dollars. caller: what about hard work? i got my associate degree. after two children i got my bachelors in nursing and i lived without a car because i couldn't afford it and i walked to work and school and i didn't have any play money and i-8 the patient's -- i ate the patient's food. you don't think about getting married or having children until you can afford that and maybe bringing religion back into schools so people can hear the important things like thou shalt not commit a robbery to get where i want to be. thou shalt not have sex until i'm married and can support

myself. i think that would have a lot to do with the downtrodden nowadays and the kids don't have religion. religion is left out of the schools and a lot of problems start arising. workingile you were early on in your career you said you would walk to work and school. did you have children at home at that point in your life? caller: no. because i was raised catholic and i knew it was not the right thing to do morally. it was the wrong thing to do. i think if more kids were raised that way it would make a huge difference in this environment. host: alissa quart, take her point. guest: i personally don't think people should be the entire religion in the schools. it's illegal in public schools. think we should have more

andcal kind of reasoning more ethical structures in our families. i agree with that and some of the best stories in my book came from that. managed toeople who collectivized. they came together. they lived in the same house even though they were not biologically or romantically related and they were pooling resources, caring for each other's kids, cooking meals for each other. some of the happier stories in my book happened when people had opened conversations with their friends and neighbors and had that kind of ethical or moral set of values around community. huge chore for some of the ills of squeeze. it comes from inside us. it comes from smaller communities around us and having open conversations, being as generous as we can.

if someone is struggling to pay for daycare, be willing to pooling or day care with theirs. that kind of thing. how work as changed over the years. -- host: how work has changed over the years. you write in the book that that wes -- we assume should be able to buy or eat whatever we want whenever we want even in the middle of the night. extreme day care has risen up in part because our system does not ensure that the needs of all families are met including those parents who work on ours. ours is a forever clock. what's extreme day care? host: i embedded myself for a week or two in this -- i was there for a couple days. i was in touch with them for a month. it's a 24/7 day care. cityoutside of new york

but there are many all over the country in las vegas. there's even one across the street from the place i profiled in the kids come from 7:30 in the morning to 10:00 at night. some of them stay over. they are there for regular hours. in a family home. it sprung up because people are now working these just in time depot, they are night nurses. they are all sorts of things and they don't see their kids as much as they want or they have to see them in these ofttimes and that has become more and more typical in this country. people are now working unbelievably odd hours. and part of it is our voracious consumer appetites. we expect to be able to shop late at night. in the middle of the night sometimes. ithink one of the things found important is we have to start rethinking this.

we aretions have said not going to be giving our workers these strange hours just because they suit our corporate model. we are going to think this through. maybe as consumers we shouldn't be demanding this from our stores. host: carl in pennsylvania makes between $50,000 and $100,000. caller: how are you today? to me it's not that difficult to understand. i'm 60 years old and i have an advanced degree in a scientific field and basically what i do now is i have to compete against this tidal wave of people that come from china and india. nowave spent 50 years open-door trade, open-door immigration. we outsourced millions of jobs in entire industries. we in sourced tens of millions of people over the last 50 years . how do you expect wages to keep

up with inflation when you have an overinflated labor market? i work at a university. i'm underemployed and i know that if i don't take this job at the money they're paying me if somebody from china or india is ready to take it. i work at a university where they proudly boast that 20% of the undergraduate population is foreign. 40% of the grad students are foreign. yet american citizens are struggling. and it's all good for them as they can shake them down for big tuition dollars. they keep the labor costs at universities down. this happens in business, too. we are not allowed to even have a rational sane discussion about these issues anymore. the identity politics gets involved. host: what were you making or what should you -- think you should be making versus what they are offering now? caller: basically i make $52,000

a year with a phd in a scientific field when i first graduated i was just ending my academic training and that's when the tidal wave of --igration just started from for advanced degrees. i don't know. i see it -- i don't feel squeezed because i'm 60, we never had children. we never got into big debt. i was able to get through college without a lot of debt because i did a lot of those jobs growing up that supposedly americans won't do and we need illegal immigrants for. laugh becauseat i i did all those jobs as a teenager and paid my way through school. to me it's really simple. we were told when all of the industries steel and all that that working-class people make good livings from when abroad.

by the aristocracy that we will replace those with high tech jobs. ok. apple is making computers in china and we import all these people from abroad to take these jobs that they can outsource and we hear all the stuff that we need to increase visas because we don't have enough trained people. we have millions of underemployed americans. americans struggling and we can't invest to bring those people entering those people? this is all about cheap labor. guest: of the things i found reporting my book is the biggest challenge to american labor is not coming from outsourcing or immigrants, it's coming from automation and robotics. i talk to people who are creating robots that go into hospitals and do basically nursing work or janitorial work and pharmaceutical work where

they're putting the medicine into the wilds. -- files. it's in law and many other fields. even in charitable is him a company called automated insights that is doing what you and i do. my joke if it doesn't have much of a style but it kind of is doing basic reporting. threathat's the biggest and it's kind of scapegoating and it's a form of blame to start pointing fingers at other human beings when that is statistically accurate to this is something i have seen again and again. people either are squeezed and they are not being witnessed or seen for their pain and they are blaming you to themselves as many of the subjects of my book do or blaming other people as the callers who are saying it's all immigrants are doing. that kind of cycle is coming up when you have people who feel

like their pain and their economic struggle is not being mean or knowledge by the country they live in. host: connie is in south carolina making less than $50,000. you are on the air. caller: good morning and thanks for having me. i was in that middle category until two years ago. with a college degree and i have done several different jobs. but i'mjob was in sales trained in health care and i have done it nuclear medicine. and radiation monitoring at a nuclear station. i've always tried to do better, work hard, take care of my nephews. i don't have any immediate children. but i've watched this world get harder and harder to survive in and i'm literally afraid of the world we are leaving. my nephews and probably your children, i got cancer two years ago and two days after i let the company no i had to see an

oncologist i was laid off. and at this point in my life the taxes that i've paid in my family has paid and everything that's going across the water and in the illegal immigration, these people, i can't. i am so boggled in health care bills right now of my own and and 75.eople 50 and 25 . have nothing left to live on if it wasn't for a family member i would homeless right now and i'm sitting here watching this illegal immigration mess. this is not what america was founded on. it was founded on pulling yourself up and working hard and it wasn't founded on giving it away. host: we hear your point. i'm going to have alissa quart respond.

feel terrible hearing you talk about your health care bills. that is something i heard a lot about even just from things like giving birth. and ifare paying $16,000 there's any complications people are paying hundreds of thousands. i feel for you and i'm sorry that you served this country. you are measuring radiation and faltering and you are laid off. that's really too bad. charles in colorado preview make over 100,000. welcome to the conversation. caller: thank you. i see a country based on greed and money. you look at the colleges. we used to have pell grant. i used to be able to go to a free state college and now college debt is exceeding mortgage debt in america and

who's making all that fixed interest you can't lower it off of? the banks. who's writing the bills? the banks. how about medicare? how come not medicare for all? who has one of the biggest lobbies in the world? the health industry. think about medicine. who has another giant lobby? the medicine industry. who's benefiting? if you look at these politicians that tell you they are not their for this go look at bank accounts in their pack account and you are going to see that they took money from these industries quite a bit. so america is not going to have a leg out. the middle-class is never going to have a leg up until we completely change our system and take money out of it because that's what it's all about and these people who are complaining , you immigration and stuff know when i grew up it cost two

dollars to make a phone call over to europe. people in india and china didn't have high-speed computers and now they do and they can learn and they can get education and they can compete for our jobs in other countries and come over here so we don't have the luxury of in the automation is exactly corrected. you watch the cars being built in detroit. you see all of these automation machines. we need to teach these people how to run the machines. host: we are running out of time. alissa quart, take the first part of his comments about the banks and the health care industry and the lobbyists. think, thisinitely is almost like i maxim by now. campaign finance would really help. this is part of the problem. we have candidates who are beholden to special interests and the holden to fundraising.

and this new congressional class a lot ofats coming up, them seem very independent thinkers and i feel very hopeful about that and i'm hoping that some of those people can see the greed you are talking about and the lack of medicare for people and also the lack of grants for colleges and some of the pressures that ordinary citizens are under and address them and speak to them because that's what we really need. we need leadership that recognizes what it's like to be struggling instead of these majority millionaire class that we have had among our politicians. host: the book squeezed. >> washington journal, live every day with news and policy

issues that impact deal. friday morning, we will discuss the government to shut down and talk political stories of 2018, with our political editor, and our syndicated columnist talks about feminism in america today. be sure to watch washington journal, live at 7 a.m. eastern friday morning. up, discussions from the variety summit on criminal justice. first, a look at for lavrov back hropics, -- philant efforts. after that, congressional farewell speeches. next, a look at the impact of justiceropy on criminal

reform. and freddie brathwaite joins an event hosted by variety and rolling stone. this is 45 minutes. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [applause] >> how you doing, man? >> that was powerful. i have learned so much today. i want to thank everybody that took part in the us. this. have access tod what is really going it