his c-span production. explore the history, tradition and role of this uniquely institution. premieres on wednesday at 8 p.m. eastern pacific on c-span. and be sure to go online on c-span.org to learn more about the program and watch original full-length interviews with senators, view farewell speeches from long serving members, and take a tour inside the senate chamber and other exclusive locations. we continue today with our week long series, author series, seven days, about what we think are the most interesting books of the year. talking to us about her book is my next guest is syndicated columnist, mona chaeren. thank you for being here. what is this book about, and what prodded you to write it? guest: it is about how we went

wrong and a little overboard in the feminist movement and sexual revolution. the feminist movement was necessary and did some terrific things for our society, but i very badly andd misunderstanding one of the basic things women and men need, which is love and security. those things are best obtained through traditional marriage. unfortunately, feminism or trade marriage -- feminism portrayed marriage and family as traps, when in fact they are necessary for the happiness and supplement of women, and for the stability of society at large. host: what profit you to write it? when and how did the feminist marriageerr to make look or sound like a trap? guest: first, let me stress this

doesn't apply to all feminists. there are millions of women who identify as feminist and believe in equality, which i do, too. absolutely. so what prodded me to write it? the 1970'sge back in when radical feminism was really gaining a foothold. ," i go into what was happening in the culture in the 1970's. it was a very turbulent era. many different things were going on. but the feminism that came out of that era, so-called second wave feminism, was different from its predecessors, which stressed the right to vote in the right to be full participants in civil society and so forth. it veered off into a kind of quasi-marxist critique of everything about bourgeois society, including sexual

standards and including family life. 1970's, ands of the , katen depth in the book millet was portrayed as the chairman mao of feminism. gloria steinem and others who attacked the idea of family life, of courtship, of romance. all of those things. we are done with all of that. in the process, they sort of joined forces with the sexual revolution, which was also happening at that same time in our history. the sexual revolutionaries tended to be men who were tired of the old standard that you had to court a woman and have a usually aip,

marriage, before you could expect sexual intimacy. they were all about tearing down those standards, and in a way, as i argue, if the feminists had not joined forces with the sexual revolutionaries, the sexual revolution of the 1960's, at the time of counterculture, would never have become what it is today which is the dominant culture. we have a kind of free-for-all about sexuality, and it has led to tremendous pain and dysfunction. there are millions of kids growing up in homes without their two parents. there are millions of men disconnected from their children, from their families, even from work because they don't have that fundamental building block of good society which is a family. that is where we all begin. host: what is the impact of that

, and do you have data that accident? -- that backs it up? guest: absolutely. my editor cut a lot of the data out. he said, you've made your point. there is so much. the evidence is absolutely overwhelming that the best place for children to corrupt, to be happy and healthy and high functioning citizen -- to grow up, to be happy and healthy and high functioning citizens, is in an intact family. the inequality people worry about over the past 50 years is driven in large measure by changes in family structure. kids to grow up with only one parent, which is now almost 50% of american children these days, will spend at least some part of between zeroods and 18 in a single-parent home. of course, many single parents do a fabulous job, and they are to be commended for their

tremendous work. but it is really hard raising children. i raised three sons with my husband, and i hope i was a good parent, but i know for sure that if i had not had a husband who was an equal partner in this task, i definitely would not have been as good a parent. it is just too difficult a job to do the best job on your own. host: so what happens to girls and boys, men and women, if they are not raised in this traditional family structure? stress, many do fine. but the numbers are incontrovertible. many more children wind up living in poverty, for example, if they are raised just by single mothers. that extra income a father provides is crucial. people are vulnerable

to losing their jobs, for example, if they are single parents. why? to take one example, your child gets sick. you can't find reasonable care for your child. you take days off from work. europe oil gets provoked with you, and you lose your job -- your employer gets provoked with you, and you lose your job. there are many other examples. we know that young men raised without their father's tend to have all kinds of psychological problems. they have more problems controlling their aggression. they are less connected to the workforce. they are less likely to marry themselves. they are less likely to be employed and to finish college. there are some really m.i.t.ting data done by looking at others and sisters in florida raised by the same single mothers. what they found is interesting.

we know there are problems for girls growing up without their dads come but what they noticed was that the boys fared even worse. they are the ones who are even harder hit. they are less likely to have high ambitions for themselves, to be able to self regulate. we now know from a lot of psychological research that the ability to delay gratification and be self disciplined is an incredibly important trait for success, more important, people think, than iq. host: you write that "from increasing income inequality to depression and anxiety to falling participation rates to declining female happiness, the retreat from family life has far-reaching consequences. the institution feminism assailed as oppressive as looking more like the key to human thriving for both sexes, especially for children." of that model, in your opinion,

apply to -- does that model, in your opinion, apply to gay and lesbian couples? guest: yes. the challenges are a little more complicated if you are a same-sex couple. women, i think it is really important lesbian couples know about this research about the important of male role models. for example, fathers have a natural tendency to roughhouse with their kids. out apparently, as it turns , is incredibly important for boys' ability to control aggression later in life. they learn rules in those early years. so it is important if it is two lesbians raising a son that they have somebody in that boy's life who can play that kind of role for them, teach them how to roughhouse, sports, all those kinds of things. for men who are raising girls or

boys -- in fact, i had a conversation with a gay friend who told me he had his husband had to learn by watching mothers how you handle it when a kid falls and scrapes in -- scrapes apes a knee. dependency if you are a -- the tendency is to say you are fine. but the mothers would say are you ok, let me kiss it. it requires a little more expanding your horizons. host: what do you say to people who are critical of your thesis and say why should we go back in order to be successful now? aren't we just evolving as a society? guest: that. is a great question here's --

that is a great question. here's what i point out. look at the way our upper third of our society are baiting right now. arele with college degrees following all of these old-fashioned styles of life. they tend to graduate from college or high school. they tend to get a full-time job. , almostd to get married always, and only have children after they are married. to can't say it is going back. it is what's -- you can't say it is going back. it is what's being done right now by the upper third of our society. is our elites would simply preach what they practice, we might be in a better position, but the problem is there is so much reluctance to say this works. this is what people need. this is what everybody should do.

in fact, it is arguably more important for people with lesser levels of education to follow those steps and be sure they have solid home lives and networks of family support that it is for people at the upper end because they have more money, more cushion against life's shocks. people at the bottom really need that support system even more. host: let's see what our viewers have to say. vicki is in minnesota, a democrat. caller: i've been waiting a long time for a book like this to come out. i feel like growing up in the 1970's, it really seems like that is when feminism was really going crazy. the simple things like men not opening the door for women, it is like so many things went away. i think that was hard on everybody. i was a real shy person. it seems like the sexual revolution came around.

we were raised even angela's and it was -- raised evangelist and it was hard to get into that life that so many people around me were living. i lived in inner three for four years, and i think we lost a lot of the morals. we can be as tough as guys. in a lot of ways, we can. i was a chemistry major. i was smart, and i went to get out there and do better than what i saw my mother. she raised six kids alone and worked full-time. my question is who is raising the kids? who's running the house? that is a full-time job. coming from the 1970's to now, i would love to go back to being at least a halftime housewife. how can you do that when you have a full-time job? host: is that financially realistic for you?

guest: welcome when you listen to c-span, what is the biggest thing they are always talking about in america? we've got to grow the economy. we need to go back to simpler things. there's 3, 4, five cars parked in everybody's driveway. there's how many tv's in every room. we need to go back to similar times. do we need all that? host: ok. , and iit is interesting appreciate a lot of what the caller said, that women who have choices from higher income families and don't feel the pressure to work full-time, when they are asked what their ideal is when their children are young , in school, they say their preferences for part-time work. that is what the plurality of women say. the majority of those in the upper income say that they would like part-time work. relatively small

percentage that want full-time work when their children are young. this is something you don't see a lot because the assumption is when an all want to be working full time when they are mothers, and it is just not the case. a lot of women do want the kind of balance the caller mentioned. i think we should be doing more to make sure it is within reach for more people, but it absolutely really is impossible unless the marriage norm is reestablished. host: when you say the marriage about theyou talking mother at home and he has been working? -- and the husband working? guest: now. i mean -- no. i mean that you get married before you have children. and then people work it out. they have all kinds of system. sometimes the husband stays home and the wife works. it does happen more and more. very often they have split schedules or they work out

arrangements. , to give an example of myself, i was working full-time until we had children, and then i switched to part-time. that suited me. it was nice that we can afford help. but many women are willing to trade off -- and i talk about this in "sex matters" -- more time with their families for higher income. they want the time and the flex ability, and there's no reason we should disrespect that choice or say they are letting down the sisterhood. that's what they want. host: in florida, bill is watching, and independent. caller: good morning. i would like to address the lack of unionization down here in florida and all over the country. that, as well as collective-bargaining and the 12 -- the 12 hour

work days they have here in florida for these poor nurses working three days, 12 hours a day. an absolute disgrace that these people are working in such primitive conditions. host: and the impact of that on what we are talking about. lower wages, baby without union representation, as he is arguing, and these hours that these buddies are requiring to these12 hour shifts -- companies are requiring to work, 12 hour shifts. guest: well, i've always believed that unions should be negotiate collectively for their work. that is part of our capitalist system. i know some people have three

days on, three days off. but without knowing more about the individual situations, i don't really feel competent to comment. host: ron in california, a republican. caller: how are you doing? thanks for taking my call. thanks for writing the book. let's go back to the fundamentals of the reasons why we are in the case we are. people forget -- i happened to grow up during those days of the wonderful 1960's when the pill came in. if we went away from natural selection, natural selection means you pick a guy or girl because of who they are and what they are, what they represent. when those days went away because of the pill, it gave freedom for women to do exactly who and what they wanted to do, whenever they wanted to do it. as a result of that fact, you might notice in the black community, immediately they started losing all of their men.

because of what? economics. there were no jobs. did put them into the army and sent them into vietnam, as they sent a lot of others as well. that was to get us off the streets because we were causing social upheaval in the schools and everything else. it is a really fundamental issue here that when you would come back from vietnam as i did and run into girls that had decided they wanted to get pregnant because that was the only way they figured they could get a man in those days of a well, here's a beautiful little kid and you had to date them, and you had no way to feed them because you had no viable job to support a family. now it is even worse than it was then. there's no brady bunch world we live in now. we have to look at it and say give people a real job and give them some real support so they

can raise a family with one income. host: ok. mona charen, the you have any thoughts on that? guest: well, a lot has been laid at the feet of the pill. i am not so convinced that that alone was so influential. there were other forms of birth control that were available before that. i mentioned in the book the vulcanization of rubber in the early part of the 20th century probably did have a big impact on birth control technology, but and theg jobs relationship to family life, i do not think, nor do i recommend , that we have to go back to an era when a man's job was assumed to be supporting a family because i think that would put

intolerable burdens on women who may doing the exact same job and lead to discrimination and so forth. what i am saying is if we return to the idea that it is a disservice to your self and your future children for either men or women to have children without marriage, that you will have many fewer children growing and theut the skills emotional maturity and all the other things you need to be a successful worker. there's some really interesting about menis book talking about there are no jobs, but men with only a high school diploma who are married are more likely to be in the workforce then men who have some college but are not married. there's something about being married that makes men -- and by

women, married women, and single men all make roughly equal salaries. the people who really excel in the salary realm are married men. there's something that happened to men when they get married where they seem to be much more conscientious at work, more willing to work hard to get a raise. they become more ambitious. we don't really know exactly how that all works, but the data do show it. host: was their inequality there because married women and single moms might be just as motivated? guest: they may be working fewer hours, so that would of course account for it. they may be taking time off to care for kids or work part-time. and single women are really at a disadvantage because they are trying to do everything.

they are trying to take care of the kids, run a family, it is extremely difficult for them. guest,ona charen is our the author of the new book "sex matters: how modern feminism lost touch with science, love, and common sense." we will go to walter in indiana, a republican. caller: tax for taking my call. -- thanks for taking my call. i got a headache listening to all of this. i just don't understand for the life of me what women want or this or that. if you want to be a victim, go right ahead. men are supposed to be men and women are supposed to be women. there natural, genetic traits to us. when the lady said it doesn't seem like when a man is married he goes out and becomes more conscientious, that's because for thousands of years the man was the hunter and gather were. the woman was the nurturer.

by now that are turning into women and women are turning into men. everybody is snow flakes. breaking the glass ceiling. my mom came from ireland. she met a husband. she painted the house, worked hard, and never thought she was a victim. if all of these think they are victims, go ahead. a lot of it is anti-men. you have these lesbian organizations and they actually hate men because they wish they could be men. host: we will leave it there. -- charen?an note: i think i detected a of hostility toward women in general. you might enjoy a chapter called difference" where we talk about the science and how we are uncomfortable acknowledging there are basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes.

i feel there is absolutely no reason to be afraid of the -- ity of this and people think some people are afraid if they are honest about the differences between men and women, this will be used to women's disadvantage to say women are inferior. i think that is silly. the truth is the truth, whatever it may be. there really isn't any superior or inferior regarding sexual differences. different strengths, different weaknesses. a fun read about the ways in which men and women differ. example, little baby boys, right after birth are more interested in flashing lights and mechanical objects then little baby girls who are more

interested and will stare longer at a human face. girls are more verbal than boys. oriented.ore math geniuses --and math men are overly represented among the highest ranked math geniuses. women are overly represented when it comes to understanding people and psychological insight. some people call it emotional intelligence. these things are interesting. they don't need to be seen as hard and fast categories. men are overrepresented among math geniuses. does that mean there are no women who are math geniuses? absolutely not. it is a difference. anyway, i believe in being honest about our natures and i believe we get into a lot of trouble when we are afraid to confront those things, especially when it comes to people's choices.

it is the truth women tend to working for people in caring professions. for example, in medicine. women went roaring into the medical field and other professions in the 1970's and 1980's, but they did not go into all things equally. women dominate veterinary medicine, for example. why is that? veterinaryse medicine was less sexist then another field? i don't think so. women like caring for animals because that appeals to their caring side. to say there are no men who like to care for others is just a little different emphasis. host: lori, you are next. thank you. caller: thank you.

am i on now? host: you are. caller: thanks for writing the book. i look forward to it. as for the gentleman in florida who had some -- what did you call it? a little hostility with regard to his comments about the 12 hour shift, i have been a since 1998. the 12 hour shift did give a lot of my colleagues time to take care of their families. having four days off a week allowed for grocery shopping and soccer. the 12 -- not to mention hour split day is best with regard for continuity of care for our patients. that is very important to us. any nurse can go anywhere else 8, 12 hour 6, shifts. can i comment on the union? i grew up in honolulu and we

have a union and it represented a lot of immigrant and first generation family members who became nurses to bargain for better pay, better hours and everything. a lot of times with these organizations, they turn sour. hours stole from us and in this day and age where everybody's information is out on the internet. we no longer need collective bargaining. we know what is available and what our options are and what we can ask for. we don't need a third party with their hand in the pot. that is it. thank you so much. host: thanks, lori. guest: great call. thank you for that. host: what are your thoughts listening to lori? guest: it is great you have such a broad audience and someone with hands-on experience is able to give a different perspective. as i suspected, the 12 hour shift might work for some people and she confirms this. that was interesting. and right, unions are not perfect, they are man-made

objects -- man-made things, i should say. as a german philosopher said, out of the crooked timber of humanity, no straight thing was ever made. of course, there is corruption and that can happen. host: what are your thoughts on the me too movement and is it related at all to what you are talking about in the book? guest: very much so. the me too movement i regard as a sort of belated cry of protest from women though they may not perceive it this way. one way of interpreting it is saying, look, we have had 50 years of a sexual free-for-all culture where all the old rules about how you were supposed to behave sexually were thrown out the window. i argue in "sex matters" that part of what happened is it gave carte blanche to bad men to haven like -- behave like louts.

men in positions of power and men who were able to take advantage of women, i think did it even more in the wake of the sexual revolution than before isn'te who is to say it -- after all, it was during the sexual resolution that even feminists said we don't want special dispensation, we don't want to be treated differently. don't put us on a pedestal. we are in with the guys and we have just as strong a sex drive. all those old rules of court and --s -- courtliness those rules were good -- not all of them, but a lot of them protected women from the sexual demands of men and in the

interim, we found women are saying we are tired of being .bused we are tired of the expectation being especially in the workplace that men can demand think, at is, i backlash really against the sexual resolution -- revolution in a way. i say the more women can perceive what we need is a honor andstandards of distance and respect regarding sexual behavior, the happier women will be and in the long run, the happier men will be because good men don't like this system. it is only the bad ones who take advantage. host: your thoughts on the kavanaugh supreme court hearings with dr. blowsy ford --

ford.asey what is your view of that and was there an impact on feminism? guest: my view of that is if it matter of dr.y a ford's testimony versus judge kavanaugh's, it would have been difficult to make a judgment because first of all, it was more than 30 years ago. i found both of them very compelling. we are not god. we cannot know what really happened. judge deservede some benefit of the doubt is democrats on the committee really did seize upon any and all accusations. blasey ford accusation was credible. the others were absurd and it did begin to take on the feel of

it other persecution of him and a kangaroo court. i was made uncomfortable by that. i was made uncomfortable by lazy ford's accusations -- blasey ford's accusations, too, because i don't believe she was lying. host: i want to get your reaction to sexual assault prevention and women's rights issues talking about the kavanaugh confirmation hearings. here is caitlin flanagan talking about the testimony at the confirmation hearings. [video clip] >> so many people brought up the point she seemed to be so grateful to be there and polite and maybe that was a gendered thing that women have to behave a certain way to be heard and i think that was part of it. what was so magnificent about it, her presentation was she reintroduced all of public life

to the old-fashioned idea of humility and she did have a big ask. she did not have witnesses or evidence beyond her own testimony. there was reason for her to be humble so she sat there and had this truth that to me was undeniable. i am 100% certain. i remember them laughing at me when i was struggling and afraid. way, i think it was extraordinary that somebody who does not have evidence and i can see why so many republicans and particularly republican men are saying this is outrageous. there is an allegation in the nothing to corroborate it. as a woman who has been through i am gladsimilar, there was a context in which it was happen. aboutshe started talking

dr. ford sort of exhibiting a difference between a man and a woman in the way she testified. been: it would have different. we are not clairvoyant, so it would've been hard to know and it would've been useful if any of the people she mention who could possibly corroborate her story had been able to do so. them was able to. it makes it a hard call. host: let's go to paul in los angeles, a democratic caller. caller: how is everybody? host: doing well. caller: i support feminism and i support you, charen. i saw you speak in front of a republican crowd and you were booed. i appreciate strong women and their points of view. i would stand by them and i appreciate when they stand by me. that is what i have to say about

that. greta, are you still looking for republican talking points that you said when you first came on? that is what i want to know. host: i am not following. okay, we will go on to kathleen. independent caller. caller: good morning. it is early here. i want to get your book. i usually call it free sex feminism. i like that you are calling it the sexual revolution. i am a black american woman, not a person of color. note how nosting to black folks are calling in. when it is hate trump, all the black folks call in and they cannot make a connection. black americans cannot make a connection between black men having real wealth competing with illegal immigrants to gain real wealth and black men having

families. they cannot make this connection . this is what i like to focus on, liberal ideology has destroyed the black family. we have gone from 87% two parent today, 27% 65% to two parent families. all the people against illegal immigration to not understand black men are competing for drops -- jobs. black men are competing for jobs in los angeles. illegal aliens have all the trade jobs and construction jobs. black americans make up 40% of the homeless. marriageal families, is important and black men must have real wealth to be able to compete in a society and have a family.

this is a basic thing to life. guest: it is a basic thing to life. in the book, i talk about how well intact black families are doing in society. their kids have almost all the advantages of everyone else and their poverty rate is below the national average. their income tends to be almost comparable with whites. leaving all those statistics aside, let's talk about what people are like. we need one another. having someone in our lives we can count on. i know not every marriage is perfect and sometimes divorce is necessary. we had forgotten that that basic unit of society is where our

strength comes from. without -- it is always going to have uphill climb to strong communities and sufficient self-government and liberty really. if people cannot exercise self-control, which you learn in a family, you cannot expect them to be self -- good citizens in a self-governing democracy. there is all kinds of data that in communities where there are -- the boys in the neighborhood will be much more successful and ambitious. withfear problems joblessness and drugs and getting in trouble with the law. fathers bring a special elixir to raising children, especially boys and girls, too.

girls who grow up with their dads are much less likely to have body age issues or teenage depression. there has been a blind spot in our society for the last several decades where we do not want to talk about all of this and we itnk it is preachy or think is racist or sexist or whatever. the price we are paying is very steep. host: robert in brooklyn, a republican. welcome to the conversation. guest: good morning --caller: good morning. religious think on a -- very tell you are intelligent person, very sophisticated. everything you stand for, you .lip and change

everything you speak -- is against it. jews livinglot of as palestinian jews. i did not catch the first question, i must say. host: about fake organizations -- faith organizations and they roll they play. -- the role they play. guest: they have been falling down on the job when it comes to marriage. they have been shy about speaking about it. they are afraid they will hurt the feelings of parishioners who may not be married. there are ways to talk about this without hurting anyone's feelings. you acknowledge many single parents do a fantastic job. that doesn't mean you forget to emphasize the ideal and the easiest way to live is through marriage. regarding the palestinian issue, that kind of comes from left

field. i try to be fair about every matter i address. in general, i think the problem in the middle east -- there are many problems in the middle east going far beyond israel and palestinians. palestinians have not accepted the right of israel to exist as a jewish state and have ties to terrorists and therefore it is a stalemate. when the day comes the palestinian people are ready, truly, to accept israel as a permanent feature of the middle east, there will be peace. host: will israel except palestine? -- accept palestine? guest: yes, if they believe they are not just creating another gaza state. they offered back in the early 2000's. there was an offer on the table that would have given palestinians a state.

would have asked for it to be demilitarized, but would complete autonomy and palestinians rejected it. only one of many examples. host: we will go to christian in lexington, kentucky. a democrat. caller: i normally don't call book soundsbut your fascinating and i will buy it. i wanted to talk from personal experience if i could for a quick second. my father was a workaholic. he was internationally famous in the arts, a federal commissioner of folk art in the states and my mom helped him be successful. she would proofread his books and go through contracts and they were a team and she stayed at home. the one thing i promised myself i can remember as a child is if i could, if my wife was the breadwinner, i would stay home

and take care of the kids and be wantedher that i always him to be. i know that is projecting. it has paid off. we've got three beautiful children. they are all doing great and i found the talk. you did not talk much, but i hope you do, about dads and girls with body issues. my daughter, who is now 12. she and i, when she was younger, would go through vanity fair, for example, the magazine and i would ask, who do you think looks most natural? who do you think looks most happy? maybe there were two individuals in 500 pages where she was 6 then saying these people look happy. you can talk about dads and their daughters trying

to raise happy kids. host: mona charen. guest: first of all, thank you for being what sounds like a great dad. there are so many things all of us choose to emphasize to our kids where we think the messages of the culture sends are not healthy, not good. to get into sports -- an area where there isn't all this obsessive focus on a girl's appearance. many other things, the premature sexualization of girls is a terrible blight on our country. dadnt to emphasize -- this sounds very tender toward his

daughter. there is really no substitute for the love and care of parents . there is a lot of talk about what we need is more subsidized daycare and opportunities for people to leave their kids and go and be in the paid workforce. for people who need to have that, that is fine. i also think every investment you make with those children and are your own is unique it will last of those kids their entire life and they will never hopingthe time you spend -- helping mold your children at the end of your life. host: we will go to fred in auburn, new york. republican. caller: yes, ma'am. i want to thank you for having mona charen on. i listened to her throughout the more and would like to see

of her on the local news like fox or something like that. i understand the man who called -- she feltshe felt she had an ax to grind, i think he is some of the reason. what he was saying is there is so much of it in our face today. i was fortunate to have a mom that raised 8 of us. my wife and my sisters are great ladies. to sayd -- i don't want their job, but what was natural and common sense. that is what we get from mona charen, common sense. the country has lost their moral value. christianity is the answer. host: we will end by asking, what are your recommendations? first, i want us to be

honest about the fact that men and have are different different goals and needs in life. this book isn't prescriptive, it -- andng for a cultural focusing on love and intimacy as important aspects of life that young people should think about really cultivating. we give them so much advice m., youareers and s.t.e. name it. we don't tell them the most important decisions they will make our regarding family life and finding somebody you will commit to and stick with and who will stick with you and building your own private bulwark across the flings and arrows of the world. host: mona charen, the book is "washington journal:

today is day seven of the partial government shutdown. president says he will only sign legislation to reopen the government if it includes money for a border wall, which democrats oppose. the house and senate reconvene on monday, at 10 about the and eastern.- at 10:00 and iteration of legislation to reopen the government is scheduled, possibly until the new congress comes in on january 3, when the democrats take the majority in the house of representatives. california will have seven new members of the house in the 116th congress, all of whom are democrats, and all represent districts previously held by republicans. hardly rooted is the first of four representing districts south of los angeles. he is a businessman and an

attorney. he and his wife opened a homeless shelter for families when they lived in ohio. in the 45th district oversaw the implementation of a $25 billion settlement between mortgage servicers and homeowners on behalf of the state. she is also a law professor at the university of california, irvine. mike levin was elected to represent the 49th district. hie has worked in law for most of his career.he springtime is the executive director of the orange county democratic party. and is a fundraiser for hillary clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. neros is a navy veteran who was laid off, when he won the mega millions jackpot. he and his wife used to some of the money to establish scholarships and an educational foundation. democrats pick up a ftse in the los angeles area.

katie hill was elected to the 25th district just north of the city. she is to run a nonprofit for the homeless. at age 31, she will be the youngest member of california's congressional delegation. tj cox was elected to the 21st district, located south and west of fresno in the san joaquin valley. he has a degree in engineering and worked for a time of a mining engineer. he later received a business degree, and open to several businesses in the area, including two companies that process locally grown nuts. josh harter was elected to represent the 10th district, located further north in the san joaquin valley. he is a venture capitalist and the top business at a local community college. new congress, new leaders, watch it all on c-span. announcer: with the newly elected congress comes into session on january 3, democrats will have a majority in the house of representatives.

nancy pelosi has been nominated to be the next beaker of the hoyer will become majority leader, clyburn will be the whip, and jefferies will be the democratic caucus chair. on the republican side, kevin mccarthy will be minority leader, with the steve scalise as minority whip, liz cheney the republican conference ther, and emmer leading congressional committee. watch on c-span2. new congress, new leaders. watch the process unfold on c-span. announcer: on saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, conversations with three retiring members of congress. peter roskam, john duncan and mike coffman discuss losing their reelection bids and reflect on their time in congress. >> we go on our apps, are devices and we want things

quickly, yet jefferson wrote this 14 years after he wrote the decoration of independence, he said the ground of liberty is to be gained by inches. we must be content what we can get from time to time and press ford for what is yet to get. it takes time to persuade men, even to do it for their own good. so my point is, we culturally need to step back and say, these things take time. we have to take small steps in order to get there. >> to think that we have spent trillions on these wars and that the war in afghanistan is now going on, you know, 18 years. i think that is just ridiculous. and i think also that these wars and our foreign policy has caused us to have more enemies than we would have had. they have done more harm than good. >> in the congress, i believe in the house of representatives, still even with reforms nancy pelosi has pledged to accept

based on my counterparts and the problem solvers' caucus, there is just too much power into few hands, with not enough getting done for the mecca people, and i fear that will not change. announcer: what conversations saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span and c-span.org. listen with the free c-span radio app. announcer: next, an american history tv exclusive. visits methods to learn about its history and literary life. for seven years, we have traveled to u.s. cities, bringing the literary scene and historic sites to our viewers. you can watch more of her visits as c-span.org/cities tour. when we study the history of memphis, tennessee, there is pre-april 4, 1968 and