♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] ♪ ♪ , we go to hawaii and show you the state capital, the uss missouri at pearl harbor and the book selection of daniel inouye. artists,orm with reporters and former inmates on committal justice reform. for the past seven years, c-span has traveled across the country, telling stories about the unique history and literary lives of

cities outside washington. tour on c-span, are cities -- our cities tour in hawaii. >> i want to welcome you all to hawaii,capital. the hawaiian history is unique and in america we were an independent monarchy than a provisional government and out-of-state. -- and now a state. the palace was a royal palace and it became the seat of the provisional government of hawaii and the seat of the territorial government and hawaii became a joined the union in 1959 until 19 to the eight this was the capital.

around the building were add-ons for offices. this is the first state capitol on the palace grounds. on the other side with the kings crowned and today used for the inauguration of governors. governors take the oath of office in the coordination -- the coronation pavilion. the barracks brick by brick, rebuilt it on the palace grounds so that they could build the new capital in the 1960's. follow me and we will head toward the new capital. coming to the palace gates and i would like to point out the royal coat of arms.

the seal of the kingdom of hawaii. hawaii -- the crown of hawaii and the model of , the life of the land is preserved in righteousness. the stripes of the hawaiian flag --he sticks were to signify all of this supporting the crown of hawaii. we still use the royal coat of .rms on this piece of property as we come out of the palace

gates now entering the modern era we come to this new state capitol. the capital was finished in 1969. it was built to symbolize the island of hawaii. if you look at it carefully you can see it is completely .urrounded by water brackish water from the spring's underground here. completely surrounded by water to symbolize we are and islands date always surrounded by water and water is integrated into everything that we do. the columns represent coconut trees. one of the staples of life for us in hawaii. if you look at it, you can see the coconut branches at the top. eight columns going down and eight across. the eight major hawaiian islands are represented by each of these.

the state of hawaii has 132 islands. the northern islands are uninhabited but the southern islands, the eight inhabitants -- seven inhabited, one uninhabited part of the major chain represented on one of these columns. new seal of the state of hawaii based on the coat of arms for the kingdom of hawaii. we will walk over and stop at the queen statue, a memorial to the last queen and we will start going into the capital and i will show you the rest of the building. between the palace and the new capital building. we have a statue of the last monarch of hawaii. she passed away in 1917. 1893 by american forces.

in her hands she's holding because vision of 1893. 1893 thenstitution of queen was trying to restore the civil rights of the people. her brother was forced to sign the constitution. and pointedded him bayonets at him and said sign this constitution. it strips the civil rights of herve hawaiians and promise to the people was she would restore the civil rights. the constitution was restoring the civil rights to the native .awaiian people american and western sugar planters were not happy with the idea so that is what triggered the landing of american troops and the takeover of the

government. the statue in many ways represents the transition from to a modernstem democracy. it ironic that she was overthrown for trying to restore democracy and civil rights to her own people. we honor the queen hair. she is given this central spot between the palace and the new capital building as a reminder of our past and what hawaii went through and also a reminder of the great love the hawaiian people have for their rate monarch and their queen. i want to welcome you to the center of the hawaii state capitol. the rotunda area, a public square completely even with the street. everything is wide open. everybody can come in here.

accessible by the public highly used by the public. we are very unique as a state capitol and that we do not have a dome. the architects building this decided instead of a dome it is like a volcano, everything comes from the center of the house chambers up five floors to the governor's office and out to the people. a wide open sky as the dome and we have this piece of art called aquarius. about one million pieces of tile here to be a reflection of the sky on the water. shows the balance of the heavens and the earth. the balance of as above so below. this is one red piece and that the artist put in. people come here to find where that piece of tile is.

the hawaii state capitol is built to be open, built to be accessible. now we have come into the senate chambers at the capital in honolulu. the chambers are unique in hawaii, shaped like a volcano, like an island. if you look at the chamber itself, we are actually underground. the people sit on the ground level and come in and sit above the senators and that was built into the building to remind senators that we work for the people and also to allow people the opportunity to observe proceedings. the senate chambers is very unique in that it represents the ocean. the chandelier in the middle is made up of about 600 or more and represents the moon.

the tapestry is reminiscent of the canoes coming from the south pacific. how the polynesians first came to these islands. we had a blue carpet which represents the common effect of calmingn -- the effect of the ocean. aerything is red, golden or tapestry in the background representing the volcanoes and the fire. the idea is that the two-year terms, the lower house deals with the here of the moment issues, the senate is the more calling, cooling effect and together we make one. all of the furniture in here is -- aout of precious would hawaiian hardwood. today it would be almost impossible to find enough to do this.

it is very valuable wood. the chamber itself is large and it is built to carry the voice. we can almost whisper on this side and hear it on the other end of the room. hawaii became a state in 1959 and we were admitted to the union as a package. there were two territories left at the time eligible, alaska and hawaii. alaska was democratic come hawaii was republican. the debate was the balance of power. the could not admit one without admitting the other because two republican senators, two democratic senators, it would keep the same balance of power. they did not expect for alaska to turn republican and for hawaii to turned them aquatic. h democratic.

it did not change the balance of power on the national level so both states were admitted. as we talked about earlier from the palace coming over to hear, the senate evolved from the house of nobles in the kingdom of hawaii. after the american takeover, the throne room became the senate chambers. there, of followed from from the monarchy into modern republic and into part of the united states. the senate in hawaii still has the notion of the house of nobles as the house of representatives came from the house of commons. interesting fact for hawaii is that our common law is actually british common law because we were independent and followed the british system before this.

when you start looking at common law in hawaii, people from north america, they say the common-law is different, yes because we are actually british-based. beginning of statehood in hawaii embraced the ideas of democracy. one of the most significant ones adoptedy 1970's hawaii the prepaid health care act, which many years later, the federal government copied and became obamacare.

the federal government, not in hawaii. a couple of things we did in 1978 there was a constitutional convention. we created the fourth branch of government. executive, judiciary, legislative, the office of hawaiian affairs. the office of why and affairs is set up -- the office of hawaiian affairs a set up to look after the interests of native hawaiians, making sure that the revenues are for those lands for belong to the office the betterment of hawaiian people. cultural issues, language issues , hawaii guarantees two

languages so you have hawaiian and english. the senate, our orders of the day are issued in hawaiian and .nglish anyone can come and testify in hawaiian or in english. banks in hawaii except checks written in hawaiian and english and bank of hawaii if you go to their machines, about five different languages, chinese, japanese, english, and hawaiian. hawaii is the southernmost state in the united states. people from the south, we are the south. we are way self. that is the thing about hawaii. the most remote landmass anywhere on the planet. , a 5.5 milewaii flight, by5 hour

ship, three days. when you got here you realized how different this places. -- this place is. instead of islands that are dependent on the outside for everything we are dependent for our power, lecture city, for all of the material structures, everything is imported. most people, when they come here the first thing they realize this is a different place. it feels like the rest of the country. same currency compassing language, same forms of government, but something is different. arch green isolation, that is the difference. to be a vibrant and healthy society we have to become a lot more self-sufficient and we are looking at that. hawaii, our goal is 100% energy

within the next 20 years. we are on our way. trying to innovate and come up with ways to do that. looking at food. how do we create food independence? looking at building materials and how we use better materials and cheaper materials that we don't have to import. i think for someone visiting for the first time, understanding that hawaii is a unique culture, a unique history. of thethe many shades american society. ♪ >> battleship missouri 53,000 ton tanker ship becomes the scene of an unforgettable ceremony marking the complete

and formal surrender of japan. in the day of tokyo the united states destroyer buchanan comes alongside bringing representatives to rep -- to witness capitulation. douglas macarthur supreme allied commander for the occupation of japan towards the missouri. pacific fleet commander and admiral halsey welcome macarthur and his chief of staff aboard. admiral nimitz escorts general macarthur for the 20 minute ceremony to take place. .unday, september 7, 1945 >> right now we are on the 01 level of the battleship missouri. call this the surrender deck. this is where september 2 the

japanese sign the unconditional surrender ending world war ii. the plaque behind me is where the table set that day. ship looks different. the shady canopy was not installed and the -- rotated to make more room on the deck for a officials on board. if you looked around above us you would have seen thousands of ewe missouri members cru trying to get a glimpse of what was about to occur on the decks. at 9:00 in the morning the ceremony was supposed to start members of the japanese delegation were making their way on board. they made their way up the ladder behind me and on this deck at 9:02 in the morning general douglas macarthur -- dissented from above to start the ceremony. the first person to sign the surrender documents would have been signing on behalf of the japanese delegation.

the third person to sign the documents was general douglas macarthur himself. he did not represent the united states. that would be the fourth person, admiral nimitz. the rest of the allies signed china, great britain, the ussr, each in turn. there are two copies of the surrender document because one was to be kept by the united states and one was to be kept by japan. we do not display the originals for obvious reasons. we have replicas on board. in a warnals are museum in tokyo and in washington dc. p used six pence to -- six ens to sign the document. reasonthis for a simple and one that we still do today if you look at lawmakers when they sign important laws.

he wanted to give these pens away as souvenirs. macarthur stepped up to the microphone and said these proceedings are closed. he gave a signal and above the missouri over 1000 allied aircraft's flu information. that is all it took to and the bloodiest conflict in human history. now we are back on the uss missouri. we now come to recognize this part of the ship for an event that happened in world war ii. it is a touching event. particularly its commanding officer in the battle of okinawa , the missouri saw herself under kamikaze attack. kamikaze is a word that now means a lot.

a lot of feelings attached to it because world war ii but the word is older. it dates back to the 13th century when japan found itself under threat of invasion. the fleet was wiped out by a typhoon. cossey orwas named, do -- kamikaze or divine wind. it is this threat the missouri found herself facing april 11, 1945. the pilot spotted about 7000 yards of battleship missouri's starboard side. he came in low. hitting him a few times but still he came in and at 14:42 in 11 1945 he slammed his plane into the side of the missouri. that day the left wing of his plane, the fuselage and the 500

pound bomb he was carrying fell into the ocean. i did not cause harm directly to the missouri or the crew and the bomb did not detonate. spill andwing ignited a huge fire. her crew was so good and so fast in their response they managed to put the fire out in minutes. they found no one from the missouri's crew had been killed in only a few minor injuries. as they began to clean up the wreckage of the wing and parts that had spilled they found the body of the pilot. , after findingn out the pilot's body had landed on board the missouri a the order to take the pilot body below deck to prepare it for a full military funeral. you can imagine members who were not happy but respected their commanding officer and follow through. several members of the crew aayed up and hand sewed

japanese rising sun naval ensign . you must be buried beneath the flag of your country. there was a funeral held for the pilot. six men stood holding the body of the pilot. say a deadk would enemy is no longer your enemy. committed his body to the deep. heard ofpeople have this story even though it is one we like to tell. it got no press coverage. no one really talked about it. april 12, 1945 on the day of the funeral was the day president roosevelt died. the day harry s truman was sworn in as our next president. we are inside the captains in port cabin on the missouri, a large space, well decorated for the captain of the missouri when

the ship is in port specifically visiting dignitaries were needs to act as a diplomat in a foreign port. the uss missouri memorial association has a large historic collection. a large part of it has been donated by former crewmembers. the question spans from the turn-of-the-century with the original battleship missouri all the way to modern-day with the current uss missouri submarine. we pulled out some artifacts for display. the two you see are important pieces of the ships history. they are both fragments of the plane that hit the missouri in 1945. the piece on the left has factory paint on it while the piece on the right was taken by a crew member in fashioned into a plane and painted. you have different pieces of that plane here. they both ended up back here on the missouri. the next few things we have on

display here today are from the, cossey attack on the missouri in the 1940's. these artifacts are two pieces from something larger and they were recovered by members of each division, the medical division on board the missouri. when captain callahan gave the order to take the pilot's they prepare the body for a funeral and at some point in that process the commanding officer of that division, dr. lampson, as well as a corpsman, came upon to fragments of a scarf and we have them here. one is quite small. this one from the medical officers, quite large. they both bear the same pattern, a faint floral pattern in

addition to the oil and things you can see on them. two of our most fragile and in the coming year as we redo our display for the 75th anniversary of that attack one of these fragments will go on display to the general public. for now as they are so fragile we tend to keep them in a climate controlled area. one of the most important sets of artifacts have are known as surrender cards. they were given to crew of the missouri on board for the surrender ceremony as a way to verify and failed to prove everyone they were on board. each one is signed. here by the fleet .dmiral you also get the captain, commanding officer murray.

macarthur'slas signature. bearing the names of each crew member. have only a handful of them. they are incredibly rare and important to telling the story of the surrender aboard the missouri. the next documents we have actually show the timing for .eptember 2 1945 the ceremony ends at 9:25 and when each person and ship leaves . you will note the ceremony ends at 9:25 and the japanese officials have left the missouri by 9:29 in the morning. we've seen how detailed battleships schedule and plan can be. they detail everything that will happen down to exact times. 1945ve one from august 30,

that there's a line written in it by the ship's second-in-command, commander tellingat is incredibly and bears the weight of what was about to happen in a few days time on board. it says we have the energy, ability, and strength to put on a glorious show for the grand finale. if the age of us does all he can , whens last push, then our grandchildren gather around and say what did you do during the great war we will all answer i was on the missouri. the uss missouri is about about with the arizona. harbor,ck on pearl december 7, 1941. for the americans, the end of world war ii was the surrender ceremony, september 2, 1945

aboard the missouri. we have the bookends of world war ii for the united states. the beginning on the arizona, end on the missouri. as she sits with the arizona, the uss missouri, 16 inch guns over the ship, she stands watching over the sailors forever entombed in the arizona. my father was a senator. the longest-serving senator in the state of hawaii. one of the longest-serving senators in american history. he was the pro tem of the senate for some time as well. he started getting involved in hawaii territorial politics almost as soon as he got back to hawaii from the war. wave ofart of a

japanese-americans who served in the military who were returning home who basically did not want to return to the same sort of world they left behind. they felt they had paid their dues. to havet they deserved a slice of that american pie, that american dream that they had fought for when they were bleeding in the battlefields in europe. formernd a lot of his brothers in arms basically started getting involved in politics in hawaii when it was still a territory. landmark, going chronologically, would have been hawaii becoming a state. that was something that he and a

lot of folks worked for. territory,hat as a hawaii was not getting the representation it deserved. in order for hawaii and the people of hawaii to be treated on an equal playing field and as first-class citizens and as equal americans to everyone else in the country, hawaii had to become a state. that, the first real landmark would have been statehood. another landmark for him personally would have been when he received the medal of honor. any someone says something or

asked me about an event significant to him, you know, that is something i think of. that moved him. that was something he did not expect to happen. i have only seen, i only saw him cry twice in my life. one was by my mother's bedside when she died. the other was when he received the medal of honor. >> second lieutenant's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty is in keeping with the highest traditions of military service, reflecting credit on him, his unit and united states army. [applause] >> it reaffirmed the belief -- he always had a deep abiding belief that america, while america is a country that has

had, shall we say, a checkered past in certain regards, it is also a country that is willing to recognize that and willing to try to work to make things right. wasod example of that during the reagan administration, when ronald reagan did the reparations for japanese-american internment and formally apologized for that act. he and his colleagues in the 442 to be recognized on that level, getting the medal of honor -- that is a heavy turnaround from initially being classified as enemy aliens, not being able to

sign up, then be able to sign-up to a segregated unit, then years later being recognized officially for valor on the battlefield by receiving the highest honor a soldier can receive. that is a pretty heavy turn of events, when you think about it. that was not lost on him. he was extraordinarily moved when that happened. this is some of the collection of my father's books that are here at west oahu. the interesting thing about this collection is, they are saying, you find some books, then there is, there are some books that find you.

sayhis case it is safe to the majority of these books found him. in his office collection, they were largely, they were primarily books that were sent to him as a result of his role as a senator. books that had in his mind, direct relevance to what he was working on in the senate, then also, there were where he had a copy at the house but also wanted a copy in the office. for instance, this one here. i recognize this immediately. i recognize that he had a copy of it back at the house. book on the history of battaliond the 100

and world war ii. this was something close to his heart. he had multiple copies in the office. one of them was beat up. he also had copies at the house. so. you know. there are a number of books that probably fall in that category here. it is a diverse collection. history,g from hawaii native hawaiian history, native american history, a lot of books sent to him by the author. collection.eresting pretty diverse. the thing i found interesting -- and i have pulled a few examples here -- for instance, there is this book here, which is an example of hawaii history.

it is a part of hawaii history that is not discussed a lot. it was no surprise to me to find this in his collection. it is also my collection. it is about the japanese-american community in hawaii, specifically in the ala park area. this was for many years, in the early part of the 20th century, a hub of the community. it discusses it. it also happens to be where my mother's parents had their store. my mother's parents had a jewelry store in ala park. if you have ever stop to think how hard it would survive in an immigrant neighborhood, running a jewelry store during the depression and coming out on the good end of things? that should give you an idea of how tough my mother's family was.

book is very interesting. place in ourecial family. this is a little bit different. this is a souvenir program from in 1947. carnival it was like any other carnival, you know, an event where people could come together and have a good time. it was also to help continue awareness for the 442nd back home. i guesser years later, i was in college at that, my father said something to me like, it was after i was out of college, it was when he received the medal of honor. he said, you know, we had a

private moment something along "youines of, you know, don't go into something like this. you don't go into a war to get a medal. once you start, you go in there, you want to survive. in order to survive, a lot of it is instinct. you find out what you are about. you find out what your friends are about." it drives this way, home to you the seriousness of armed conflict. it is not like when you watch the news. it is not just numbers or stats or terms like collateral damage or friendly fire or whatever. these are people with families, with dreams.

it was a sobering way to grow up. it was an important way to grow up. that is one of the reasons why when i saw this i had to smile a little bit. this one caught my eye. autobiography of george. him asme friends with life would go on. as you know, he has been very involved in the japanese american community, trying to bring awareness to the internment experience, having been interned himself. the first time i had a chance to meet him, my father introduced me to him when he received, when my father received the medal of honor. he was mc at one of the events.

i have to tell you, i don't get nervous meeting very many people. the first time i met this guy, i was so nervous. sulu.is z i grew up watching this man. [laughter] he couldn't have been nicer. i could immediately see how they would have gotten along. was,hing that blew me away he sounds that way in real life. that voice. something to experience. he is a really good guy. [laughter] read your autobiography and was inspired to reach for the stars. your stellar leadership continues to inspire. george takei." some of the folks who sent him books were his colleagues in the

senate. the thing that struck me about alwaysooks was, he prided himself on being bipartisan, working with both sides. he always used to say to me, i remember when i was a child he said to me "you should always try to make sure you have an on both sides of the aisle." at the time i thought he was in grade school. i thought he was talking about church. [laughter] it wasn't until years later i started to realize he was talking about the political arena. this is because, i think in large part, this is because he is a product of hawaii. in hawaii, we do the best we can to focus on what brings us together, rather than what keeps us apart. we try to focus on what our similarities are, rather than

our differences. we aspire to that. we try to do that. that is what he always tried to do in his work. it, at theink about end of the day, if you, if you only are going to work with people who you agree with 100% of their views, 100% of the time, you will have a small circle of folks you will be able to work with. if you are to work with people who may not necessarily agree with you on a lot of things, but agree with you on certain things, you can get some remarkable things done. >> when this began three months ago, i stated we would examine what happens when the trust, which is the bond between the branches of government, is breached by high officials. while there have been differences of opinion expressed by members from time to time, i

will always look back upon these hearings as a model of how members of both houses can work together on sensitive foreign-policy issues in a bipartisan spirit. >> i remember, early in his career, people had a hard time figuring out why he was able to get along with a lot of these members from the south. because, you know, this is during segregation. a lot of that was because he worked to bond with them on issues they held in common, like agriculture. at the time, hawaii had a lot of concerns regarding agriculture. we had a lot of pineapple, sugarcane, so forth. haveork on what you similarities on. when you work with people face to face on things you agree on, when it comes time to work on

things you don't agree on, it is a lot harder for people to demonize each other under those circumstances. one thing that struck me when i was looking through the collection here is, the books that were coming from folks who were from both sides of the aisle, for instance, harry reid. i remember when my mother was in the hospital and she had just passed, one of the first people to stop by to offer condolences was mr. reid. as soon as he got the news, he made his way to the hospital to give his condolences to dad, "my great friend, majority leader." the senate is an interesting

place in the sense that it is, as legislative bodies go, it is quite collegial as a general matter. then again, it is a legislative body. you are going to have conflicts every now and then. to, as the saying goes, disagree without being disagreeable and to do your best to aspire to that. i am sure there were times that they did not ci tie on certain things. to eye on that. i get the sense there was a great deal of respect and affection there. another book we have here is john kerry's book that he wrote with teresa heinz kerry on the environment. kerry, he and my father

were quite good friends. they just got along. he is a good guy. dan, thank you for your many courtesies through the years, for me personally, thank you for your friendship and leadership on so many issues. it is a privilege to serve with you. all the best, john." to show how he was able to work with some level of collegiality on both sides as well as in both chambers, we have a book from newt gingrich, which is also signed. as you can imagine, there was no shortage of things the two of e on did not see eye to ey but having said that i got a sense there was a level of mutual respect. if there was anything, that, you was, maybe bothered him,

newt gingrich's tendency to demonize the other side, shall we say. that was something that was anathema to my father. you don't demonize the other side because it makes it harder for that other side to be working with you when the time may present itself. that you tryying not to have enemies. you try to only have adversaries. an enemy is forever. an adversary's for this particular thing. enemies ifr to have you demonize the other side. if there is anything that probably bothered him, it was that tendency that mr. gingrich had.

"your friend, newt." what this collection shows is that, he had a curious mind. he was also involved in a wide variety of issues. had ao says that he rapport with people who were involved in a wide variety of issues as well. when it came to people taking note of him, or something he has was, hehis attitude "ould always say "why the fuss? at the end of the day, he would later on turn and say "that was pretty cool, huh?" on the one hand if he was here now, he would probably say "why

the fuss?" on the other hand, he would feel pretty good about the thought that this was able to benefit others now. years,the past seven c-span has traveled the country, telling stories about the unique history and literary lives of different cities outside washington. watch more of the cities tour program at www.c-span.org/ citiestour. have sevenia will new members of the house in the 116th congress, all democrats, all representing district previously held by republicans. the first of 4 representing districts in orange county, south of los angeles. is a businessman and attorney. and his wife- he opened a homeless shelter for families when they lived in

ohio. katie porter oversaw the implementation of a $25 billion settlement between mortgage services and homeowners on behalf of california. professor at law the university of california irvine. mike levin was elected to represent the 49th district. he has worked in environmental law and the clean energy industry for his career. he spent time as the executive director of the orange county democratic party and as a fundraiser for hillary clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. narrows is a navy veteran. he had been recently laid off from his job in 2010, when he got $266 million in the mega millions jackpot. he and his wife used some of the money to establish scholarships and educational foundation. democrats picked up a fifth seat in the los angeles area. katie hill was elected to the 25th district just north of the city.

she used to run a nonprofit for the homeless. at age 31, she will be the youngest member of california's congressional delegation. tj cox was elected to the 21st district, located south and west of fresno in the san joaquin valley. he has a degree in engineering and worked for a time as a mining engineer. he later received a business degree and opened several businesses in the area, including companies that process locally grown nuts. josh carter was elected to represent the 10th district, further north in the san joaquin valley. he is a venture capitalist and taught business at a local community college. new congress, new leaders. watch it all on c-span. >> next, they look at infrastructure, the future of electric vehicles, ridesharing and the impact of amazon's new secondary orders in the new york and washington metropolitan areas.