america" sunday at 4:00 p.m. eastern on c-span3. mogul on "q&a," media sumner redstone and his battle for viacom and cbs. we talked with a wall street journal investigative reporter about her book "the king of content." >> after he had a battle with cancer, and he came through it, being through it was a sign that "i am going to live loved to" as he say. it was really awkward for the executives at viacom and cbs, because he is still a controlling shareholder of these companies, and he would do really weird things. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a."

>> "washington journal" continues. host: welcome back, and we will go into our spotlight on magazines segment, we would will be talking with "wired" magazine contributor jon gertner on his recent piece examining climate change and its impact on glaciers in antarctica. good morning. guest: good morning. thank you for having me. host: why did you decide to write this piece, and why did you focus on this glacier right now? guest: i write about science for magazines and newspapers, and one of the big stories is climate change. we talk about temperatures going , butoral reefs in danger one of the biggest issues is really the sea level rise. the biggest influence is the potential for these vast ice sheets in the greenland and antarctica to fall into the sea.

the ice on land slips into the sea. melting,do it by running off, these huge icebergs can fall off into the ocean. sea levels can go up. what that means is coastal cities are in peril by that. one of the most dangerous situations is a group of glaciers in antarctica, about as far away as you can get from the rest of the world. these are really remote places. hold of the ice sheet that a lot of water, and they are on land, and the worry amongst the science community is that these glaciers are potentially unstable, and as the world continues to warm, they will really start to cut loose from place on the landac

and contribute to a significant sea level rise. host: you write about the thwaites glacier. am i pronouncing it right? guest: yes. fredrik t.d after thwaites. they look like rivers of ice, these glaciers in canada, that lowdown through mountain passages, and they can be quite beautiful. they advance and receipt almost river might, but glaciers are much different. it is much bigger than a river of ice. it is many thousands of feet deep. it goes for hundreds of miles

inland to west antarctica. the first thing you must know about it glacier is it is enormous, about the size of florida or great britain. the second thing about thwaites is it seems to be unstable. warmer waters around western antarctica in a region known as sea, it is starting to pull back. starts to enter a period of what geologists runider a collapse, it will into other glaciers, and it is almost like losing the back wall of a house. if thwaites goes, everything might collapse. that scenario, which is very dire, which is not imminent, but is possible, we're talking about 10,000 feet of sea level rise.

host: you talk about some of the worst case scenarios if the water goes up this many feet. in that scenario, the jefferson memorial and in way part will be underwater. outside the u.s., the damage would be incalculable. shanghai, lagos, mumbai, jakarta, all with floyd or drown. drown.d flood or guest: this involves many scientists who are all in different missions to go to this glacier. it is almost 1000 miles from the mcmurdo station.

this is a collaborative effort that will stretch really over the next four or five or six years to investigate how fast this glacier might become unstable, because we really don't know. we have models. we have computer models that can look at what temperatures might be in the future, for instance, by looking at where carbon dioxide missions are going, but it is different when you try to predict the movement of a glacier. the physics of glaciers is really complicated. we do not know necessarily what is underneath the glacier and how fast in my slide forward or back or retreat. these are the questions that teams of scientists will investigate over the years, and the idea is to collect data or collect information about remote glaciers. eventually, we can plug back into the models, and it might give us a bigger picture not so much about glacial collapse --

there is a lot of agreement that some collapse of this glacier will be inevitable, but the row question is how fast. if it is over the course of 1000 or 10,000 years, there is a lot we can do as a society to change our ways, to alter the trajectory of the warming climate that might have a real impact of the glacier, but if it is a more dire scenario, one of the worst case scenarios like we were talking about from my story, then things become much more complicated about what can we do to kind of sort of stem the collapse of this crucial chunk of ice. host: let's let our viewers join in on this conversation. region.open up lines by if you're in the eastern or central time zone, you can call in at (202) 748-8000. if you are in the mountains or pacific time zone, you can call in at (202) 748-8001. keep in mind we are always available on social media, on twitter, @cspanwj, and on

facebook at facebook.com/cspan. iff, who is clas calling from maryland. cliff, good morning. caller: good morning. c-span spirit of letting people get their opinions out as well as the facts. i would like your guest, if he can, to let the viewers know what government agencies are responsible for geo-engineering. maybe i can just define geo-engineering for people who are watching and might not know much about that. it is about using a human intervention, some kind of engineering technique to alter climate, or in this case, cliff might be talking about the collapse of a glacier. in my story, there are some ideas of may be building something underneath the glacier to protect us from warming

soers in the amundsen sea, the waters will be productive and might not break down as quickly. this is a tremendously complicated idea. nobody has ever built something like this, but this would be classified as a geo-engineering process, geo for trying to engineer the earth's system. there are not really in agencies responsible for this at the moment. this is still in the realm of ideas for basic science. there are people at nasa, for instance, that can discuss this. these are controversial ideas in many cases. they may have unintended consequences. another geo-engineering idea is to put sulfate or particulates in the upper atmosphere so that sunlight is reflected back out so that it would, in effect, delay the onset of rapid warming that is now happening on earth.

that kind of geo-engineering is meant to mimic a volcanic explosion, but again, that is quite controversial. only now are experiments beginning to happen. there is a harvard professor who is looking into doing something on that. it is not in the realm of government. it is not in the realm of anything beyond basic research at this point in time. host: let's go to bill who is calling from connecticut-. . bill, good morning. caller: good morning. how are you? at happy new year. host: good morning. go ahead. it possible that we cannot reverse this trend? late, andy be too cities like new york, sacramento, new orleans, they would all have to abandon them. guest:. that is a great question. it is something i discussed in the story, too.

what we are looking at a lot of cases are these computer models. how will these glaciers or ice sheets in greenland and antarctic overreacts to a warming climate and a warming ocean? what we often find as if we change the trajectory of our co2 emissions, which will be keeping the climate to, say, 1.5 degrees warming the century, and this is for people who are more familiar with this idea, this is art of early agreement that was hammered out in paris in 2015. if you could do that, it might impact make a very significant difference in how fast these glaciers break down. so there is a lot to do. the question is -- how can we do this politically and socially? at the moment, the news is not very encouraging, i think. states, it shows the intentions to not participate with the paris

agreement. we also have in the past year reached a new milestone in co2 emissions. so we are not going the right direction yet at all, and probably the best way to sum this up is if we really want to get serious about meeting these targets, eliminating climate change, we would have to go undergo a rapid come almost immediate switch to renewable technologies, and that would be really anything that produces carbon, and transportation, in power generation, and we would have to really alter our entire system of society. host: let's go to millie, who was calling from asheville, north carolina. millie, good morning. caller: good morning. i do not know if your guest is aware, but there was a mini.

ice age in europe in medieval times. i would like to know what brought the end to that mini ice age. obviously they did not have the technology that we have now, so what was it? guest: it is a little bit -- i do not want to go too deep into it, but it is useful to say the earth's history, as the constructed by scientists for research, glaciology, geology, all the clues they have got into the history of the earth, it pos its that earth has gone through numerous warnings and cooling's through the last several million years. there were much more significant increases and drops in temperatures that have occurred, for instance, 11,000 years ago, there was a great warming trend in the arctic regions. i think what is crucial to say now is we're undergoing a period

of extraordinary warming due to industrial emissions. this is sort of a change unlike any that has gone before. so we have now entered a new climate ofk, in the man where we are changing the climate dramatically at a rate in which appears to not have any kind of president in recent history. host: let's go to tom calling from illinois. tom, good morning. caller: good morning. the first thing i want to say is i read a book two years ago, and in that book, he says that in 10 years, washington, d.c. would be devoid of any kind of snow, and that the children would not know what it is. and on that anniversary, they were all sledding down the hills on snow. the point i am trying to make is i am a farmer in illinois.

last year, we had record crops. we have had record crops for the few years that we have had it, i think six years now, and the prices have gone down. nasa takes satellite imagery of our fields. and in those fields, they have found that the cornfields produce more oxygen than the rain forests in south america during the growing season. now, my point is -- i listen to a lot of differents scientists, and one of the scientists said if you want to correct the co2 levels in the world, you would have to stop all emissions now, you would have to get rid of your cows and bovine, because they put emissions into the air, and you would have to stop breathing, because that is what you emit

when you breathe, and it would not change the amount of co2 in the atmosphere by 1% in 30 years. too, the reason i think some of our yield, which i just got through talking with university the experts, we do not do any studies on what the carbon is doing to the crop, and if you come out here in the spring and you look at the trees and you look at the corn and you , they aree beans extremely green, and i think a lot of that is because we have the co2. another thing about co2 is the food. plants have to have that to live. i do not buy this. this is about taxing us again, taking our money, doing something that is far-fetched and will not do any good anyway. host: how sound is the science here? guest: [laughs] i just want when now out we should make a decision between weather and climate.

one snowy winter and one cool summer does not necessarily indicate a particular trend of any significance. i think also it is important to remember that we are just one tiny part of a very large group, and as important as washington is, it is really just a dot on a map of an enormous, enormous planet, really. affecting usher is nearby when we look out the window compared to larger trends that are showing up, we can compare that to nasa and other agencies around the world. there is a fair amount of science that agricultural scientists are doing around the world to understand what increased co2 levels will do to plants. sphereut of my sort of -- it is outside of what i write .bout as a journalist i am aware there are studies, and it is an ongoing concern, especially with the idea that co2 levels will continue rising

through the near future. as for whether this is a good thing in the long term, i think we can absolutely, positively say that rising sea levels not be good for anybody, including farmers. they will change growing seasons. alter the tried-and-true methods and systems that farmers all around the world have depended on. they will shift areas where certain crops will be grown and can't be grown. they will alter drought patterns, pollinators. i think even if our friend on the phone had a good season, which is certainly a good thing, i think the long-term trends are very dire. host: let's go to johnson calling from minneapolis, minnesota. johnson, good morning. caller: good morning. first off, it is a lovely, warm 45 degrees january 5.

now usually we have -15 degrees below zero and 15 inches of snow on the ground, so if you do not this,global warming is take a look at people walking around in shorts and flip flops. my question to you is regarding glaciers and rising waters, what do you think we can do to -- i am not missing the snow, but how do you think you can reverse it to make it a little bit better for the next generation and the world that we live in right now? because at this rate, we will not have a world left for the next generation to live into. unfortunately, that is the way it looks like the world is going. but i can go outside and wear shorts in minneapolis this week. so god bless, and have a great week. guest: that is a great question. earlier, i painted sort of a darker scenario of how co2

emissions continue to rise, and there's nothing to be a political movement, at least at the moment in the country. i can rephrase that a little bit. i think we see the green new deal in congress that is being discussed with what we are seeing around the world in various countries with discussions of low carbon taxes. we are switching over to more renewable energy systems. there are the sort of vast transportation systems, energy systems moving away from coal power plants. there is a movement. there is a lot of encouraging sort of progress. just that the overall trend is very difficult in the sense that we have an expanding population that needs thegy, that needs food, and climates for that have left us to depend on an older usingtructure that is

billions of carbon every year. what we can do is accelerate that trend towards greener energy, toward renewable energy. there is a lot of discussion in the climate community about whether this should be an individual action or a concerted sort of group action, which is more important. i guess it is a matter of personal opinion, but i tend to think it is all important. it all matters. making a personal intention to drive a fuel-efficient vehicle matters. making a decision to vote for a representative, of whatever party you may support, but somebody who does support renewable energy technologies and is interested in switching over toward cleaner technologies. in matters quite a bit. a variety of are actions, and i will not go through them all, but you can fly less on airplanes, you certainly eat less meat.

those are personal decisions, but i think the big ones really are changing the systems that emit billions of tons of carbon, and that would be transportation systems, energy systems, especially coal power plants. those are the big things over the next decade. host: one of the ways that they study the health of this glacier is by setting off small explosions on the inside. explain how that works and why this is not detrimental to the glacier, breaking apart. guest: right, so thwaites glacier, as i explained, all of these scientists will be descending upon it to study it in all different ways. some will be studying the front of the glacier from the water's edge, and some will be looking at it from above the radar and satellite imagery. the scientists that i wrote about use literally bombs.

they drill holes in the eyes, they put a small explosive in it, they cover up that whole with snow, if they decimated. detonate it.mat that, they can understand more about the glacier bed that is beneath all of this ice. the idea is it will give them a clue to how fast or slowed the glacier might retreat in the coming days. these are small bombs, sometimes the size of your index finger, sometimes they will do two or three or four together, but they are not big enough to break the glacier part or even fracture it in any significant mamnner. the forces of nature are much more powerful than these small bombs. host: let's go to matt who is calling in cleveland, ohio. matt, good morning.

caller: hi, how are you? i am wondering, mr. gertner -- is that how your name is pronounced? do you have a degree in chemistry or things like that? i am wondering what is your background. guest: i am a science journalist and a technology journalist. a long book on the history of bell laboratories, a great laboratory in the 20th century that invented the laser, information theory, among other things. i finished a book on the greenland ice sheet, which is due out in june. i went to greenland six times for that. i spent the last two years writing about glaciers all over the world. no, i am not a scientist. i talked to scientists all the time, every day almost, and that is pretty much my work. host: let's go to bob who is calling from philadelphia, pennsylvania.

bob, good morning. caller: good morning, c-span. thank you for taking my call. i think you kind of proved the last caller's point, that, sir, you are not qualified. you essentially parrot what is told to you. is insulting that to you, but it is unfortunately the truth. to maker point i need is that at a time when the president wants to get money to effectively, ok, to -- guest: wait, can i just interrupt for a second? i just find it kind of strange because you say i am a parrot of scientists, if i am explaining what scientists are saying, then it is not true, but if i were a scientist saying it, then it would be true? that does not make sense. caller: you only repeat the

sources that you want to repeat. you only selectively take -- you are looking at this subjectively, not objectively you are only looking at the sources that you want to look at. is not a scientific bias, it is a subjective bias/. the other point i wanted to make is that. at a time when we need to secure the country, and what the president wants is a drop in the bucket, $5 billion to build a tol, people like you want spend a way to interdict and iceberg, to interdict a glacier, and the liberals now in the house of representatives, and billion andg $5 building a wall that protects the country, we will take the $5 billion and building wall around the glacier, they would happily do it.

it is like nero fiddling while rome burns. host: do you have a response? guest: the caller is saying me that i do not understand. i do not support building a wall around a glacier. i am not sure how the president building a wall in relation to mexico relates to what we are discussing now. host: let's go to jenny who is calling from honolulu, hawaii. caller: good morning. am i on? hi, i thank you, mr. gertner. i worked at washington he was doingen research in 1971, 1972. i was ever a lowly technician. it was not my field, either. i am not a scientist. but my thoughts over the years,

and i have had a lot of time to think about this, why don't we stop doing things? slip off the lights, stop driving our cars. even if it is one day a week, we would stop 1/7 of the pollution. if we did it saturday and sunday, it would be a huge help. jewseven idea of the was a huge help, and the christians adopted it, and it was given to the world. planet to care for the of ours. turn off the lights. if people want to get around, they can ride a bike. guest: hmm. i mean, it certainly would not use lesshink, if we electricity and sort of scale

back a little bit. i think the problem, unfortunately, may be much more than that, especially when we have power plants, steel plants, submit plants -- cement plants that we depend on for our society, for our living. i think unfortunately the problem is probably a little bit more complicated than just scaling back a little. we also need to sort of change the way our industry, our systems actually work. host: really quickly, what is the next step we can see for the study of the thwaites glacier? guest: well, i think what we will see over the next two years is literally scientific data and reports coming in and a sort of, you know, a number of insights that are probably mostly within the scientific community. they might come out into the mainstream media.

but again, the most crucial value of what will happen over the next few years to the scientists that are studying this glacier is to put some of his data and these observation help usels that will understand what will happen over the next few decades. it will not be an absolute prediction. there is a lot of uncertainty when it comes to glaciers. there is a lot of uncertainty when it comes to our future. for instance, we may change our behavior or change our carbon footprint. but the question is -- can the scientists who are racing to understand this glacier, can they get us more information so that we might make better decisions about what the future might be like? host: we would like to thank jon gertner, "wired" contributor and author of "the world's most terrifying glacier" for being with us. thank you so much, jon. guest: thank you. host: we will turn our attention

to the government shutdown, which is now in day 15. if you are for the shutdown, (202) 748-8000. if you are opposed, (202) 748-8001. and if you are a federal worker, whether you are affected by the shutdown or not, we want to know what you think at (202) 748-8002 . now this week on "newsmakers," two new house committee chairs talk about what they plan to do in this congress. jim mcgovern, the rules committee chair, and mark takano of california, the veterans affairs committee chair. >> we decide how the bill will be considered when it goes to the floor, whether it will be amended or not. sometimes we are the arbitrator various committees on pieces of legislation, but it is

a very influential committee, and it is more than about process. it is about good policy. peter: how do you exert that influence? i look for it to be a more accommodating place, where people can debate on the floor, where the whole process is not rigged. i have been in the minority for a while. biggest critiques about the republicans if it is a closed process. good ideas were routinely blocked. that needs to stop. rep. takano: what is the v.a. going to look like in 10 to 12 years? with the change in population, how can the vab positioned to increasing numbers of women veterans, of minority veterans. we realize women do not take advantage of the benefits the

same as their male counterparts. we need education to really be ablehe barriers to to use them. -- for the population to be able to use that. i also want to talk about the g.i. bill. there is a difference between the for-profit colleges and for-profit college industry being predatory on veterans. downans see them wearing there g.i. benefits to heavily manipulated marketing, getting degrees that they cannot use or credits that they cannot transfer. i will be addressing the student veterans of america this weekend. this is a huge issue. once again, we are going

to open up our phone lines on the question of the federal government shutdown mode which is on day 15. once again come i will give you those numbers again. governmentort the shutdown, we want you to call in at (202) 748-8000. if you oppose the federal government shutdown, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8001. worker,ou are a federal whether you are for load or not affected by the shutdown, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8002. who iso to john,, calling from fayetteville, north carolina. john is a federal worker. john, good morning. caller: good morning. host: go ahead. caller: i would just like to say i support the shutdown. i think mr. trump needs to continue on and not open up the federal government until we get our border security. host: john, what part of the u.s. government you work for? caller: the u.s. army. host: you are military.

thank you for your service. how long do you think this should go on? caller: until we get a wall built. host: let's go to aisha, who is calling from atlanta, georgia. aisha opposes the shutdown. good morning. caller: good morning. it is actually alisha. i do oppose the shutdown. i think the caller should certainly remember that this shutdown is absolutely unnecessary. we had a republican-controlled white house as well as both houses of congress. oure was a deal until president decided to listen to rush limbaugh and and coulter. be in shutdown mode, and unfortunately, the democrats are going to have to come in and clean this up. yesterday, president trump

spoke to the white house a little bit about the benefits of having a shutdown. [video clip] pres. trump: i think that we can say with a surety, i think it was a great meeting. we will see what happens. it may get solved. it may not get solved. you now know the number. you know what we are willing to do. if we have to do it, we will. we are going to be, i believe, very productive over the weekend. we have a very talented group of people, i understand. i think some tremendous things will happen. i really believe the biggest beneficiaries to what we are doing our children, our women -- are children, are women, are workers, and a lot of these people that do benefit are not only the people in our country but the people who travel trying to get into a country that they think they are going to get into and they can't, and they get sick, and there is tremendous

damage done to them and their families. these are all tremendous beneficiaries to what we are doing. this all has a higher purpose than next week's pay. and the people who won't get next week's pay or the following if youpay, i think really look at those people, they will say mr. president, keep going. this is far more important. i want to thank you all, and see you soon. they will be working very hard over the weekend. questions]ping let's go to henry, who is calling from oklahoma. henry supports the shutdown. henry, good morning. i think we lost henry. let's go to david, who is calling from jensen beach, florida. he supports the shutdown. david, good morning. caller: good morning.

i totally support it. we have got to sometimes take the sacrifices to do the right thing, and the right thing to get our borders sealed up. for yearsn a mason now, and i have never seen anything in my life how they come over and take my trade. mason's get taken over. we are losing jobs left and right, all year long. "they" you are talking about, who is the "they"? caller: that is another thing i want to talk about. the latinos, they are great masons. i will give them back. they are great. they are taking jobs from americans like me. time after time, my phone stops ringing. they get all the jobs. and it is not just them. you have to look at all the brazilians that come up, all of the canadians that common. i mean, they are everywhere. host: let's go to olivia, who is

calling from birmingham, alabama. olivia opposes the shutdown. olivia, good morning. caller: good morning. i sure do. because first of all, you know what? let's wake up, america. we really need to wake up, because donald trump has us playing in his reality tv. it is time to really wake up to what is going on. this is our life. these people have bills to pay. donald trump is playing reality tv with our life. i am a senior citizen, and i am sick and tired about this. we have to worry about whether we are one to get -- yes, i did get my social security check on the third of the month, but you have people who are not getting paid. i have a niece who works for the tsa. this is awful. the people calling and saying "stay strong," and the me, black people were not given the right to vote

, and we are still being oppressed, it makes me think how black people were not welcomed in america, how we had to suffer before and died at the hands of people before we could even be represented. wake up. thisd trump caused shutdown. he is saying oh, the democrats are the majority. what are you doing? you are fighting people because they are democrats and you are a republican? wake up, people? host: let's go to josie who is calling from missouri. josie opposes the shutdown. good morning. caller: good morning. and thank you for hearing me. i oppose it because, you know, this is something that people have been trying to be forced into doing, and one thing i can say is this, that those people is being separated. s are saying they are

doing good, but they are doing harm. those people are being separated from their children. and not only that, they are being punished for something that don't need to be. and they are saying that they are trying to protect the united states from that country, but let me tell you one thing -- those people are not the one. if you look at the rapes and the killing and everything like that, it is here in america, a noforeigners -- ain't foreigners doing all the killing. host: let's go to philip calling from west virginia. philip supports the shutdown. good morning. caller: good morning. host: go ahead. caller: yes, sir, i support the shutdown. i believe that we need to have border wall's here in the united states of america, and they should be used to keep people that might do harm to the united states out.

if you notice, we are not building a wall to keep people in. at that point, it becomes your tyranny. peopd hope that would support the president, and i support his building the wall, and i thank him for his service. host: house speaker nancy pelosi and senate minority leader chuck schumer came out of the white house and spoke to the media about what they said. here is a little bit about those two democratic leaders. [video clip] we will continue the conversation, but we recognize on the democratic side that we really cannot resolve this until we open up government, and we made that very clear to the president. fromecks are being held people who serve in the use of american people, and our border

security will suffer if we do not resolve this issue. we are committed to keeping our borders safe. that has always been our principle, to honor the oath of office that we take to protect and defend our country and our constitution. we can do that better when government is open. we have made that clear to the president. mr. leader? i basically, yeah, the same thing that the speaker said, the bottom line is very simple. we made a plea to the president once again -- don't hold millions of americans, hundreds of thousands of workers hostage. open up the government, and let's continue the discussion. host: let's go to ronald who is calling from charlottesville, virginia. the shutdown. ralph, good morning. caller: good morning. thank you for a much, sir.

itove c-span theater watch continuously. our problem is our legislatures in washington are not working. their rating is very low. they continue to drop on the services they are providing the american people. i support the shutdown, and i am somewhat with the statement that has made pertaining to they should for low the representatives and cut their pay the same way. you would not have those same things happening. would not have those problems in washington, and legislate between party lines and get things done. i think their ratings would go up highly, and i think that would take care of a lot of the problems that we have right now. onis just a lot of hogwash both sides that is telling us they are going to do this and they are going to do that, and it doesn't happen. and like i said, the ratings of our representatives is so low

because they were not doing the job they were hired to do. it has to be done one way or another. they have got to negotiate and do their job. i do support the shutdown, and i thank the president for his standing up and holding true. we need security. we need borders. if you want the border's go away, open up the prisons. that is what we are dealing with. to lee tel go calling from girls broke, north carolin. lee is a federal worker. what you appreciate are doing. yes, i'm a federal worker. a this is going to be shutdown, they need to shut down the whole government, not just part of it. that would show me they are serious about the wall. thank you. this weekend, our c-span

cities tour explores the american story as booktv in american history tv travels to santa monica, california to see the city's hidden history and literary life. coming up today at 12:00 p.m. eastern on booktv, all of our programs from the city wired together at one time block. here, author and historian sam rubin talks about the city's culture and economy. ♪ sam: santa monica is a progressive southern california beach city, and it is a major tourist destination, most well-known for being a place where people can come and enjoy the day. and also it is a popular place for young tech startup companies. 92,000 people live in the city, but during any given day, a quarter of a million people will come into the city to do work or

mostly a lot of tourists, and tourism, they say, as about $2 billion a year into the economy, so this city is built on tourism. ♪ host: make sure to tune in this weekend to booktv in american history tv as we travel to santa monica, california. andto watch videos on's america and all of the cities we have visited on our c-span cities tour, go to c-span.org /citiestour. now to get back to our comments on the government shutdown, let's go to anita, who is calling from missouri. she opposes the shutdown. anita, good morning. caller: thank you, c-span, for the town square, and i oppose because of the appropriations bill that was asked last had

money in it for the wall that yet, soeven been spent why ask for more when you have not spent what you were already allocated? i think it is a great diversion, and i think it is more important to ask -- how many russian women and other people have been giving birth to babies in this country at mar-a-lago or other trump enterprises? that is the more important question. regina, who isto calling from nashville, tennessee. regina is a federal worker as well. regina, good morning. caller: good morning. good morning. i am against the shutdown, and this is the reason. congress was supposed to have all of the appropriations bills passed and turned in by december 30.

is going to cost them more money in the long run. wall, butpposing the there is a better way to do this, and congress needs to start doing their job, and the president needs to stop acting like a child and do his job. thank you. host: let's go to amber calling in from west virginia, and amber supports the shutdown. good morning. caller: how are you doing today? host: i am fine. go ahead. caller: i and for the wall because of immigrants. ask yourself -- do you want war and terror, or do you want safe? that is what president trump is trying to do. thank you. from we just got a tweet the president on his twitter account, where president trump said "i do not care if most

getting paid are democrats. i want to stop the shutdown as soon as we are in agreement on strong border security. i am in the white house and ready to go. where are the dems?" hostlet's go to martin in cincinnati, ohio. martin, good morning. caller: good morning. like a previous caller said, there is a better way to do it. if it was them not getting paid, what they feel supported? there is another way to do it during you have got workers being held hostage for something --t really is being if you look at these statistics, there are not a lot of terrorists coming through the border.

it is like cutting off their nose to spite their face. we are harming americans to protect americans. who does that? let's go to pat calling from desoto, texas, and pat opposes the shutdown. pat, good morning. caller: good morning. i think what a lot of people do not realize is along the border, where most of the wall is needed, people live there with ranches and homes. imminent domain will take years to settle. for $5 billion? the whole wall will cost $100 billion. wake up, america. host: let's go to jack who is calling from iowa, and jack supports the shutdown. jack, good morning. caller: good morning. yes, i do support the shutdown. i agree with the caller about

the illegals. i think it is great that they all want to come here, but let them come in the right way. make them all legal citizens right away, so they can start paying their fair share of taxes, instead of putting the burden on everybody else. they start coming in the right way, the government might have to go faster to get them passed through, but as soon as ead ofet in there, insta giving them a free write, because they are not helping the american people, and the congressmans on both sides of the party should be ashamed of themselves. they have got to remember they work for us. we do not work for them. host: let's go to ball calling from pennsylvania. bob opposes the shutdown. bob, good morning. caller: good morning. am i there? host: you are. go ahead. this is something that

the president promised the people that he went do, and now it is a national emergency. yes. host: go ahead. caller: i would like -- it is a national emergency. he promised it to people, but he also promised to produce his taxes after he was elected, well, why don't they make a $5l, well, we will find the billion if he produces his taxes. host: let's go to shirley in new castle, pennsylvania. shirley supports the shutdown. good morning. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. support this 100%. i do not think we should allow all of these people in this country. a lot of them are bringing diseases, drugs, coming into ,his country to cause trouble

no. and i am not saying they are all like that. no. there are probably a lot of good people, but we cannot take the chance, and we do not want those people here. people, once the wall is up and they know they cannot get through, we will not have all of this confusion, because they know they cannot come in. i support it 100%. i thank god that trump is the president, that he is putting a stop to this foolishness, and i watch fox news every day. if they knew what these people were going on, they would be against it 100%. host: let's go to david calling from columbus, ohio, and david opposes the shutdown. david, good morning. caller: good morning. , c-span.

my issue with the border control promise the border wall to his support base, which is not the majority of our country. he also promised that mexico would pay for the wall. mexico immediately came out and said they would not pay for the wall. why not go and negotiate with in the same manner to go and fight against his own people? we all know that we need to support our borders. we agree with that. the way they go about doing it is in new york sitting in his trump tower negotiating for business deals. these are american people who who havelies, mortgages, who are trying to provide for their families, and i think it is rude and he is

holding the american people hostage, and for him to say that he will hold this on for months and even years is unfair and selfish. be an adult, bring trump to the table, everybody is not going to win, and somebody is going to have to sacrifice for the good of our country. thank you. host: let's go to market in ohio. mark supports the shutdown. good morning. caller: good morning. , sir. host: go ahead. caller: i am a first time caller . as closeo pay attention to the government and the things that are going on in our nation. i think it is a disgrace that democrats and republicans cannot work together and keep our nation functioning in the way that it should.

as far as the issue of barrier, thee wall, or the border protection, border security, i 100% approve. that.upport that i wouldissue bring to the nations attention if i could, just a question that i would like to ask everybody that has been calling in. have any of you ever attended a fentanyl funeral? well, we would like to thank all of our callers and all of our guests today on "washington journal," and we would like to encourage you to please tune in again tomorrow morning as "washington journal" returns at 7:00 a.m. eastern, and make sure you have a great saturday. thanks for watching. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019]

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪ ♪ today is day 15 of the partial government shutdown. president trump says he will only sign legislation to reopen containsnment if it money for border wall. the house of representatives last week approved legislation to reopen the government but not border wall.he mitch mcconnell says the senate will not vote on the bill. as the debate continues, follow on the c-span networks with live coverage of the house on c-span and the senate on c-span. -- on c-span 2. >> sunday on q and a, a media

mobile and his battle for viacom and cbs. >> after he had a battle with he had seencer being with young women as a sign of his vitality and he could tell the world "i'm going to live forever," as he would say. he would go to hollywood parties and sometimes go home with his grandson's date. it was awkward for the executives in viacom and cbs because he was still the controlling shareholder of these companies. he would do we are things -- weird things. >> sunday night on c-span's q&a. >> the incoming freshman class of the new congrescl