-span 2. >> c-span where history unfolds daily. in 199, crmp span was created as a public service by america's public cable company. the white house, congress, the supreme court and public policy events in washington, d.c., and around the country. c-span is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. ext, our cities' tour visits riverside, california. for seven years we have traveled to historic sites to our viewers. atch our visits.

i think this is identity, really was the social center where people would come to the a small nd also as commune a small commune whether they were going to play musical performances and today, the revival of the mission in the 1980's is important to riverside and what riverside would be be today without the mission. >> riverside was found by. christopher miller was working for the railroad. he thought it would be a good environment to bring his family out. is wife had a lot of preething

problems. 18 4, he price his wife and four children out. and he had 2 1/2 weeks after ch travel and he didn't want to leaf wisconsin and was president impressed with riverside and they build a cannotage. and they discover he is not a 23-year-old spent miller. and he is timely gets the idea to 23-year-old build a grand -- that's when he built the mission that we know today. it was no longer the cannotage. and they decided to install the swimming pool. should have hotel,

a swimming pool in southern california otherwise people could go to last saying, palm springs or should have a los angeles. they only had five of those. the best kept of those. and we looked at them, baked clay and they are to make it strong. inferior building. and ebbeded up covering the old adob emp and it was the building material. adobe. howcases the one is the railroads. so initially we had a stop, makes sense that you would have sense. and lot of times it would have

ople looking at the citrus city. and you have a lot of wealthy people comeing back from the andnded andnded having a lot of wealthy people, whether politicians or hollywood stars. . the railroads in this interest industry -- citrus industry. because of that industry. a lot of people would come in and give speeches, frank miller heard that booker t. washington would be around to give different speeches. he invited booker t. washington to come to the hotel. he gave a presentation in this ballroom. frank miller did invite a pretty

washington to have dinner with him at the hotel restaurant. initially washington declined. he did not want to put frank miller in the situation of having to desegregate his dining room. this is something that frank miller did. he was ahead of his time as far as promoting friendship and understanding different ethnicities and religions. we are standing in the lobby of the mission in hotel. n hotel.on in when we talk about the revival architecture, that is the style that the building was built in originally. it was something very unique to southern california at the time. the time being the turn of the 20th century. this was a reaction to southern

rediscovering its spanish and mexican past. we had benton, who was an architect, he lived in the l.a. area. climate, anique unique place. we needed to have our own unique architecture. he is going to championed people coming out to see missions and study our spanish past. that we should build missions for them to come to. he is the one who championed having a mission revival architecture. he said we should do all of our buildings that way or at least a number of them in that form. when we get to the mission inn, this is the penultimate version of it.

he is the architect that worked on this wing and the second when hotel. bringing both the mission influence and the southern california influenced to the building. in order to identify mission revival architecture, you have these walls, red tile roofs and maybe arches. in the lobby we see a lot of heavy beams up here. along with very heavy columns. these have all been post retrofitted during the renovation of the hotel. if you are here prior to, these would all have been regular beams. there are very dark ceilings with dark walls. -- light was. dark ceilings with light walls. the wood was stand in some way. what was very typical was dark features with light walls.

steve: behind me is the presidential lounge. when this building was originally built in 1903, that was the largest suite in the hotel. inmate, just about three or four months after the mission had opened, teddy roosevelt was here in southern california. frank miller, the men who built the mission and invited him to come here. he spent the night here in that room. at that time, it gave the epithet of the presidential suite. that is historically how it was known for many years. it was much later on that the presidential lounge came into effect. what we see across are all of the presidential portraits. these are the presidents who had been here. either before, during or after their presidency. president roosevelt is up there. six years later, we had president taft. when president taft came through

here, this was in october. he was our largest president. people would build special furniture for him. taftiller built this chair. it was for the banquet. it was held in the banquet room which is on the opposite side of the lobby where we are today. the story goes that mr. taft sat in it but was very offended because it was too big for even him. despite that, frank miller the chair out in the lobby. it has been in the lobby ever since. this way, people can sit there and get their pictures taken. you can put a couple in there and get small kids everybody into that large chair. patune of 1940, richard and nixon were married here. that he be later on

would become congressman and president, etc.. frank miller, despite the fact that he was not a highly educated and eventual, he ran in , tycoonsith attorneys of business and the like. he was the consummate hotel man and consummate booster. thehis has turned out to be point for an initial battle against the exclusionary policies by the state of california and the nation as well. that was against japanese and asian-american immigrants. it is just an ordinary house but it was occupied by a japanese immigrant who said he would not put up with the continuation of

prejudicial practices he experienced for his entire time as an immigrant. this person arrived in san francisco in 1988. he was an independent and determined individual. he wanted a better life, more choice, more freedom for his young family. he left behind his young wife was pregnant at the time. years, herall several worked on navy crews. there were several trials and simulations and setbacks. , with a his family toddler aged son -- aged son, they reunited.

the family group. the first son was one in japan. all of their other children were born as american citizens. they were not among the first wave of japanese americans or japanese immigrants to come to riverside like many immigrant populations. there were some in the vanguard to where some of their compatriots had settled. those were the connections he had from the bay area and down to the redlands area. they ended up settling in river hot -- riverside. there was a strong immigrant population, japanese, chinese and korean. landlord -- land law stated that no one who is ineligible for citizenship could own and

were cultural land. not -- own agricultural land. this was not agricultural land. they still brought suit against him for the purchase of the house in 1915. children were all american-born and american citizens. he decided that he needed to move away from the immigrant riverside andf into a more upscale neighborhood for the safety of his family. his new neighbors were not enamored with the idea of a japanese family moving into the neighborhood. they quickly rallied against him and organize the suit. -- organized the suit.

years, theree of , courtmplex battles battles. the family prevailed. the court decided that this affirmed their 14th amendment rights. it remained in the names of those minor children of until the very last one of those children passed away in 2000. i should mention that it was an interesting international portable dynamic time. -- political dynamic at the time. prejudicede, the against asian-american populations were not as serious but it was there. was the brand-new neighbors who got most up in arms and

started the ball rolling. it resulted in the suit. over time, she came to realize and was even friends with the family. you can see over a closer examination of this time that there were individuals who were supportive of the japanese-american immigrants. founder of thehe very involveds with asian communities and culture. he was a strong and direct supporter during the legal case. knowtime, as people got to the immigrants as individuals, as often is the case, you learn from your individual experience that your assumptions were incorrect. not to say that the prejudice went away.

it came back with a vengeance during world war ii during the incarceration. japanese families were carted off to camps in the midwest. the conditions were harsh. there is no denying that it was in fact incarceration. it was very hard on those who endured it. both of the parents died in the camps. their children were able to come back to riverside because they were among the few japanese families who had supportive neighbors or friends who were --ling to take care of them ticket of the property. the youngest daughter came back after the incarceration. she lived in the house. the rest of the children had this as a home base for the rest

of their lives as well. in spite of all this, in spite of being put on a bus and camp,d to a concentration two of the children, the younger sons served in the army. they served well and loyally. this is something that is a their father's conviction. he came here to enjoy american rights. this is one of their military jackets. sons served in a medical capacity. 142nd regiment was almost entirely japanese. they served well and lost many

members, including some who were based in riverside, originally. by the youngest and the laster want to live in the house. she threw away nothing. the contents of the house it back to the 19-teens. a small percentage of the many boxes and containers that hold the content of the home. -- harada family's they were restored with our efforts. our hope is to raise the funds necessary, working with the historical preservation architect. we want to rehabilitate the home to reflect the. housing of against -- reflects -- inme of significance

order to reflect the time of significance. there is an inscription on a second floor wall that harold made the very day they were leaving. 1942 whenhe date in they were shipped off. encompasses the time that is significant for the family but it is also part of a multi-phased national story. it has to do with the diverse immigrant populations that make up the country and the difficult journey to achieve justice. >> george brown was a congressman who served the southern california area. mostly the inland empire. the inland empire is a geographical area that makes up parts of riverside and san bernardino counties. that is in inland southern

california. it is an hour east of los angeles and maybe an hour or two north of the border. manly i were cultural communities but now it is now -- it used to be mainly agricultural communities but now city. he served until 1970 when he decided to run for senate in california. he lost the primary in that election. he had to take a break from congress. when a district opened in the inland empire which was near his childhood home, he decided to run for congress again in 1973. theica: he has been serving land empire continuously until he passed away in 1999. i think these collections are really important to learn about

history. there is so much that i don't think people realize they could use as collections. it is not just political papers. you can learn about the progress of things. 60's through the late 90's, this shows you how research changed. i think that because he was a commerce and for such a long time and because he kept such a wealth of research material, there's a lot of perspective on these issues. that the experience of going through the war is me to gowhat motivated after a political career. i did not do so directly after the war. it was within a few years. politicsten into the

with the idea that war is not necessary. representative brown: good leaders could event -- prevent war. jessica: george brown is known for his opposition to the vietnam war. he thought that the military intervention would lead to further complex throughout the world. he wanted to seek a peaceful resolution. some of these documents, this is in 1965. this is a speech that he gave on during a of the house defense appropriations spell. this was for 170 million dollars. a lot of that would fund the vietnam war. express myise to grave doubts about what we propose to do here today.

i do not say this lightly. what we are improving here is not merely a routine request for , we are beinglion asked to wage war in vietnam in the name of the american people. this, i cannot do. i think that was a very powerful statement for being the only person to vote against of these appropriation bills. it really set him apart. senate ind run for 1970, that was it a part of his campaign. showing that he was against war the entire time. at that point, a lot of people on the vietnamrn war. what was supposed be a pretty ,asy campaign for his opponent it turned into a close race. a lot of people approved of his message and anti-vietnam stance.

it was the primary but not supposed to be that close in the first place. it shows the power of him standing up against it. is a resolution that he and some fellow colleagues put together. this is to remove troops from vietnam. they were putting through legislation that did not pass but shows their commitment to getting troops out of vietnam. george brown is here in the back of this photo. of 1965.n november there was a protest in washington against the vietnam war. this is him and some others leaving administrative offices to join the protest. the capitolthat police confronted them and brown said he could be arrested

because he would not leave. nafta was passed in 1994. it was signed in 1992 but each of canada, the u.s. and mexico had to have their legislative branch ratified these agreements. that was something that was in the united states for bill clinton to do. there was a lot of polarizing opinions on nafta. --rge brown was excited incited about whether he would vote for it or not. there was a lot of both sides tried to convince him of other way -- either way. of here, we have a very small sampling of the documents that he was being sent. different greetings from different agencies and different groups. they are all talking about nafta.

the collection is a great resource for anyone trying to learn about it. we have boxes of briefings and opinions and information about it that was sent to him in order for him to make that decision. becauseort of undecided he did not want businesses in the united states to move from the united states to countries like mexico at the time. ofid not have as strong labor and environmental laws. -- they did not have as strong of labor and environmental laws. that was where he was waffling on his decision. some other documents that we have, this is something a staff member wrote him. it was talking about how he

would get a call from the president the next day. the president would ask him to vote for nafta. this one is interesting because it is telling him that the president is asking what he wants in return for his boat. it even says that that is not something that brown usually does. but, if he wanted to, he offered him some things to ask for. guaranteeing that labor rights would be included in nafta. they endorse an executive order that brown forwarded. even some environmental projects that round would use as leverage. this is george brown's handwritten note from different phone calls he had on member second. he received phone calls from chris dodd, a senator from

connecticut. this is one from jimmy carter and the secretary of state at .he time to votee all asking him for the law. it is interesting because these are his notes on the conversation. with jimmy carter, he said he would promise campaign help. he says i express concern about my reelection next year. the secretary of state just checked to call if i had come to jesus yet. it is interesting what his personal notes were about what people were calling him about. here, we brought up some stuff oftalk about brown's record norton air force base. downtown san bernardino.

part of this was in brown's district. in 1988, the air force decided to close five bases as part of their defense realignment and base closure. it was something they had been doing periodically to save costs . they thought they were spending too much money on bases. norton air force base and george air force base, that was a smaller base. there were both on that list of five. both were in san bernardino county. that really affected the residence of the county and constituents of george brown. that was something that he fought very hard against to stop the base from closing. once the base closure was realigng, to try and the base so that people would not lose their job.

here --y, what we have here is one file out of boxes of files. these are different correspondents and research that brown and his staff did on the the economic impact of taking the base away. also, taking different units from the air force and shifting them from north air force bases to other bases. basically, research on bringing in economic development as well. another thing we have here is his testimony at a hearing on militaryouse installations and facilities. this was something that he joined forces with a republican congressman on. jerry lewis had another air force in his district. they worked together because they both had parts of san bernardino county that would be

affected by these closures. they both tested and found the house committee about how it would impact their district and why they thought it should not happen. >> we are losing thousands of jobs. we are uncertain to the fate of thousands more. we thought the air force ought to be able to do a little better -- a better job than they are doing. this is what contributes to the national security, what it will cost and what is in accordance with the base commission's recommendations. death puthe brown's together a record of all that he had done for the base closure. we have this here. this is dated from 1988 although it when it was announced. the base closed in 1994. this is four pages of different

phone calls and letters and hearings that he put together. putink this was mostly together to show his constituents that he was trying. he was doing what he could for them. since this was going to be a big impact on their economy and jobs. his staff did put this together. line really had a good time of the events that were happening. unfortunately, the basted close. started to getit a more economic investment. these are pretty much just cargo flights. they are thinking of bringing in passenger flights and industrial growth as well. it is starting to come back but it is something that took a hit for 10 years.

it really affected san bernardino. i think it is an important part of our local history that a lot of people can learn about through the collection. the next set of documents we polled are related to bipartisanship. that was something that brown was always a very big proponent of. he was willing to work with anyone as long as they were interested in the same things he was interested in and would help get his legislation and passions past. documents fromc the 1990's. he was doing a lot of work with the california democratic delegation of congress. he did a lot of work to try and delegation.rtisan they wanted to work on california issues. we have a lot of planning documents that he had his staff put together to talk to the

other offices of california and ask if they were interested, what kind of things they were interested in. we have here a speech he had talking about building unity in e california congressional delegation and then we also have some examples of how he did that. he worked with republican on the future of nafta in california. he created a lot of task forces as well. there was a task force on base realignments, which was when bases were closing and how they could keep jobs in california. we -- he worked with another congressman, ken calvert on the

implications of u.s.-mexico economic development. he put together a list of all the bipartisan efforts he had made and in 1996 he writes, i'm not satisfied with the progress we've made, either in building an effective democratic or bipartisan delegation. however, i believe we should continue to try and explore at active courses, as much as individual relationships, public interests, etc. this should help build a culture to help bridge the bipartisan differences. i think that proves to me it wasn't just something he was going to show his constituents that he was a bipartisan congressman. it was actually something he was very interested in to try and get things done and i have over here -- kind of what george brown was infamous for was

smoking cigars. there are many anecdotes of brown always having a cigar in his mouth. he donated a cigar box and some cigar cases here we have in the collection. they're fun to bring out and then these are some messages from his staff. e had a party in 1995 to celebrate his birthday, and i believe, 25 years in congress so former staff members were asked to write their favorite memory of george brown and this is a sampling where all of them mentioned his cigars and it was a point of pride that he would drive in a car with you and you had to not roll the window down with all the smoke and if you could last, he really kinlte kind of respected that. that shows a leadership of brown's character outside of eing a politician.

>> we have almost 280 state parks in california so we're really lucky to have a park here in riverside that covers the citrus industry and the history of citrus. we have almost 100 types of citrus in the park and we do change things every weekend for visitors so you can always come to the park and sample some of the fresh fruit that we picked off the tree this morning and o the industry wouldn't be possible without elitesa tibelt, ho lived here from the 18 70's through the turn of the century. she's well known for planting the first washington naval orange trees in her yard and the story goes that she watered them with their -- her dirty dish

water. she lived in the south, on the iving and she moved her with her third husband luther tib bet and one of their former neighbors from washington, d.c. mailed them the two washington naval orange trees here to riverside. he had also mailed them to texas, to san joaquin valley. he mailed them to several different places to see where the fruit would do best. here in riverside, those trees she planted and watered with her dish water really took off and bloomed into beautiful, healthy trees. the fruit richens for -- perfectly here. a combination of climate and also our sandy soil. the trees really like that as well so it's just a perfect place for the washington naval orange and it really took off. everyone took note of this influence fruit. it was so sweet, easy to peel

and had very few seeds, so her neighbors and friends startled taking cuttings, graph. married in own trees and that is what started the industry here in riverside and it really took off and game what riverside is known for. this is a great view because it gives us a since of what riverside would look like during the peak of the industry. in the 180's and 18 90's, you would have seen acres and acres and groves and groves of citrus trees of all different times. while the washington orange was the main crop, we also had lemons and grateful fruit and things like that that would have been grown as well. it's great to give us the historic mindset of the land scale at the time. later , about 20 years after she's -- she'd first brought those trees to the city, riverside was the richest county

in the country, per cam attachment of course not everyone shared in that wevment we've been doing a new project in the park called the relevancy and history project. to bring in the stories and history of lesser known people who helped also in the industry but aren't necessarily heralded in the public record. we're trying to bring in some of those lesser known stories. as you can see, it's a very picturesque landscape so we're trying bring the people back into the park to tell nose stories. >> when -- we're in the visitors center and when they walk in they see our newest exhibit that we ream unfolded in march. finding ourselves in the grove. story and storytellers of citrus and inland southern california. so this is a great starting point for them to really get a sense of the people involved in

the citrus industry in the region. what's important is to focus on who remember the laborers also that made it possible? we talk about chinese immigrants to came to the region in mid to lapet 19th century who brought their centuries-long wealth of relating to h them citrus cultivation and harvesting. one thick we talk about her is citrus began in china. it was discovered in china 7,000 years ago, traveled throughout the world and eventually evolved into muttle -- multiple -- thousandses and thousands of different times of varieties. well, those chinese immigrants had some of that knowledge with them. of that long time of cultivation and harvesting. so that cultural knowledge was part of it and one thing we like to highlight here, things from best practices and harvesting

techniques. how to cut the fruit appropriately without danieling the tree or the fruit. and also, they worked in the packinghouses as well so how to handle the fruit carefully so that it -- the integrity of the skin is not compromised and, you know, it will withstand a transport. so that cultural knowledge was really vital in addition to the labor that they provided as pickers and packers. at that point in the industry when it was first emerging in the region. we also talk about the racial politics. i think that's a must. when we're talking about the rise of the citrus industry in this region. that involves certain groups being push ggeds out and others coming in to fill the gap. so late 19th century, as you may know, the chinese were targeted for a series of exclusion acts

and anti-chinese sentiment really unfolded across the landscape here and so this anti-chinese sentiment pushed chinese immigrants out of the area and they had formed a chinatown here in riverside and built a community but because of the hostile conditions, we see the population sub side and that population really being forced out because of those conditions. what ends up happening is you see another immigrant group coming in to take the place and fill that gap. and that was japanese immigrants. so they fill that would gap round the late 19th-early 20th century. for the bulk of the 20th century, mexican immigrant and mexican-american labor was the mainstay, both inspect groves and in the packinghouses. we certainly focus on that in multiple ways, talking about

community formation, seg gamed schooling but we have to do that in conjunction to other populations as much as african-americans. it's a story of early african-american settlers who came from back east and the south. coming to the area and starting f as laborers but eventually developing as a merchant class. one sflidge particular, israel doc beal, was able to own a significant, relatively large-sized grove in redland so now there's a park named of her in redlands and he became pretty successful. we see d. families become successful. but it's important that we talk capture theo really

notion to have hidden citrus. people, their eyes get wild, i hadn't heard of that. people that are really well-versed in the history that might come through our doors, when we present in information, they're surprised by it but then they're also pleased at encountering it. it adds nuance and different layers to the story overwhelm. which was needed, really, if we want to be inclusive and have these stories represent the people that live here today and have lived here for generations. >> cornell yulls eastern rusmsi was a collectsor of native artifacts from around the united states. the riverside metropolitan museum was started with he do napetted his collection in 1994. we visitted to collection center to see some of the items he gaveptered.

>> the family collection very much focused on artifacts such as this one, which is a bandelier, catchings bag worn across the bombed. this particular style of glass bead work is typical of the woodlands area of the great lakes area around minnesota and wisconsin and all of that area. and ribes, chip washington this is -- chippewa, and this is very likely an example of that. over time something like this has so many risks attached to it. so we're very fortunate to have something in such good condition from over a century ago reflecting the craftsmanship. prior to the availability of such things as glass beads, the natives who did in kind of work

would have done similar patterns using dyed porcupine quills or other materials that replicated this. so the fact that something they didn't manufacture, such as glass beerksdz doesn't mean they invented an entirely new art fork -- form. they adapted to the new materials. including such things as man made fabric, as you see about the edges of this very fine piece. it's really in solid, gorgeous condition. as you can see, something like that that's completely covered in glass is heavy. so before us now is an apache basket olla. olla is the designation for a jar-like form like this. it's often used of ceramic this is ut this is

woven willow and devil's claw. devil's claw is the plant used to create the parker -- darker pattern. this is an extraordinary basket. the craftsmanship is very impressive. it does have a design that gets people's attention in the swastika mo teeve, which is alternatively known as the whirling logs mo teach. it's an ancient symbol used across the worlds and this d whichlar piece is twine means that the crampsman, crafts woman almost certainly, bits this you want and wrapped it all the way around from pulling the shame in to the neck of the piece and endsing at the top here. it's 24 inches tall, the tallest please -- peels we have in our

unusually sfensive native american basket collection and it was essential a pride andy of cornelius's collection. from the lake tahoe area if our tags says it's where it was collected. some of these extraordinary pieces traveled a bit before they wound up in collectors' hands. now we're looking at amount collection msiy's at the museum. this steps from the northwest coast peoples and they are very well known for this characteristic stylistic motif of animals. this is the neck home. it's made of deer hide and it's been painted in a black and a red pigment and if anyone who's

familiar with totem poles, will be very familiar with the motifs that you see on in there's a bear, a raven. it's by laterally symmetrical. the artisan has done the design on both sides and something like this was very inspiring to collectors. there was nothing else like this kind of stylistic approach to imagery in any other part of north america. the northwest coast peoples where are extraordinary in their ability to stylize animals and it's still going on today, the crafts people up there have carried on this tradition and developed it fully and this also is an example of something that may have been used for the native people's own purposes or may have been something that was created just for the market that was well known among indigenous north american peoples for

collectors to acquire work. it's got some evidence of wear and use, which suggests that it did experience some use before eing acquired by cornelius rumsey. this is an example of the bretchts of the collection, that even though the museum's mission is to focus on riverside and the riverside area, there are cleck that is cover the whole country and in some case stem from other parts of the world. riverside itself is either anyically and historically diverse so these collections do relate to the peoples that have wound us making in area their home. often a found collection defines the trajectory that the museum will take from that point forward. in this case it became one part of the scope of collecting that that museum developed. it's always key to the identity because it's what the museum is

first known for. in the case of our founding collection, because it has so many exceptional works in it, they've been published often and we're well known for it. i can imagine he was looking for extraordinary examples of kwlaver work was being done by the tribal people in the areas he was traveling through or in conjunction with trading posts that he may have visited or other collectors or even at the time that they was collecting, there were dealers in these kinds of things. trying to he was accumulate a representative sampling from across the continent and he did an excellent job of finding stellar examples. we're looking forward to doing a highlight exhibition focused ntirely on the rumsey kwlerks.

>> we took a driving tour of riverside with historical consultants vincent moses. >> the riversides was founded in 1870, shortly after the civil war but judge john wesley north was a radical an list -- abolitions before the war, who was on the nominating copy for abe rahm happen lincoln to be the candidates for president in 160. he ran lincoln's ohio campaign in the 1860 presidential election that. joint he found was a stock colony and their intent was to create a civilized high-level commonwealth in the desert. it lasted for a while. in fact, riverside as a result of his work but by 1875 he had

oner lust again and he left for northern california to help found ol' yanled every and fresno. riverside really developed as a citrus town. it was the home of the naval orange culture. the first nfl orange trees introduced here in 1873 and it made the community. a really wealthy, prosperous place and by 1900 surrounded by probably 20,000 acres of washington naval orange trees. we're going to drive past the state historic park and i'm proud to have been a part of the planning for this state park. often we think of real estate or the movies or oil as what made southern california. really, it was sipt russ first. the state park now has over 200 acres of bearing naval orange

and late naval orange groves. it's not fully built out as far as the historical structures go but we're working on that too. it's to interpret how significant the industry was not only to southern california and the state of california but how it benefit it would culture. the transportation systems, the railroads. the california fruit growers exchange was so powerful, it's known as sunkist now. that was their trademark. here you see john's fruits stand. he manages the groves for the state on contract. this is what old riverside what ve looked like when we had

20,000 acres of navel oranges surrounding the city. it would have been incredible. >> with the orchards growing, how does that -- with the water situation, can you tell us how that may affect the growth of agriculture here? >> yes, i can. this was a semi-desert here, a semi-arid region. citrus required irrigation. this is not rain-based agriculture. and it's not dry farming. citrus trees, navel oranges specially require what are miner's t's called inches of water per year distributed throughout the year to grow and to reduce a crop. so early on, riversiders and other citrus communities had to evelop irrigation systems. this was all watered by the famous gauge canal, which was built beginning in the 1880's and completed at the end of the 1890's by a british syndicate of the waterhouse family, who

bought out matthew gauge and acresurchase is his 3,500 of groves here and then developed this entire area. we are going through the immediate riverside area. you can see this is suburbanized now, but in 1920 this would have all been washington navel orange. by the way, this tinted tree here, this is the last remaining parent navel orange treat, the one that is covered. university of california-riverside covered in along with the city to protect it by the tiny, microscopic insect vector that carries a bacteria called the greening disease. it has threatened citrus from all over the world. it is from china. it devastated the florida citrus crop.

we now know it's in california, and that tree, which was plantsed in 1873 and then move told the site you just saw is threatened by it. and if it gets bit by a bacteria bearing silid, it's gone. so the city and the university have covered wit mesh to protect it. which is a pretty radical approach. but this is the last remaining parent navel orange tree which created the vast citrus industry of california. we are on mission m avenue now, originally 7th street. i want us to see this area because it's an historic district in two ways. it's a national registered district and it overlaps with the mission inn historic district that spreads out away from 7th. of course we are going now past

the national historic landmark the mission inn, frank miller's own contribution to the city of riverside. it is the largest mission revival structure in california, maybe the united states. the mission inn has been visited by several presidents who stayed there. ronald and nancy reagan spent their honeymoon night there. theodore roosevelt spent the night in the so-called presidential suite when the mission wing first opened in 1903 then the next day presided other the -- over the replanting of one of the two navel orange trees in front of the new glenwood mission inn. it has been the scene of early peace conferences before world war i. international visitors from all over, including asia and europe.

uite a significant role played in southern california as kind of a regional hub and national winter resort. on the left is -- let's see, is this sherman institute? yes. this is sherman institute, one of the last remaining two b.i.a.-run boarding schools for native americans. that mission style building is the sherman indian museum. in the late 1800s, thanks to helen hunt jackson and others, there was a real move to try to americanize, bring them up to speed, bring them up to "civilized status," that is the native american population who had been residing on reservations. to americanize them, and the way to do that, the government reformers felt, was to bring them into boarding schools around the country and teach them english, teach them skills they could use in society. what girls traditional --

are now stereotypical female skills. the young men, the male skills like carpentry and mechanics, hat sort of thing. maybe not assuming they would ever go to a university. sherman institute was originally established at paris, which is just to the southeast of us here in the 1890's. frank miller, though, wanting to get -- because he was a real advocate of the arts and crafts movement, and his hotel had just been redesigned based on the california mission style -- he wanted to get a real mission, or real indian, he thought, to riverside. that is not to denigrate its intent. but he was always a promoter as well as a progressive for his time. so he convinced the federal government they ought to move sherman institutes from paris to river side.

riverside lost its status as an elite city in the early 1970's, but has gained it back again. and as it gains it back, it is taking on a more 21st century look mixed in with the historic district buildings. now we are reestablishing and refocusing, like a lot of cities are, toward the digital future and clean energy. we're going to turn up here in front of solar max. that building sat vacant for a long time, and now my friend, a chinese entrepreneur, purchased this building. now she manufactures solar panels in this building. >> and it is distributed nationwide? >> distributed nationwide. she even brought a chinese manufacturing line to the u.s. so that these are bona fide u.s. manufactured solar panels. i think i sigh riverside

regaining its status as one of the elite cities in southern california. it had been really a competitor even with los angeles before world war ii because of the navel orange culture. while it lost its step for a while, we are regaining status because of the level of our university capacity and clean energy programs and the fact that we own our utility and have our own water and electric generating capacity. riverside is now attracting a large population of the new generation of millennials. they are geared to the 21st century and everything about it in all of its digital capacity and all of its international kind of ability to do online trade and online business. so i see us headed that way.

[captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> our visit to riverside, california, is an american history tv exclusive and we showed it today to introduce to you c-span's cities tour. you can watch more of our visits /cities tour..org the government is in day 21 of the shutout. next, opening parts of the federal government, including the national parks and back pay for federal workers. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

>> tomorrow julian castro will willnce his decision if he run for president in 2020. buy coverage at 11:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> senate confirmation hearing for william barr for attorney general begin tuesday at 9:30. in december, president trump nominated him to replace jeff sessions, who held the position for over a year and a half. atliam barr is not a counsel a law firm and served as attorney general for george h.w. bush. watch the confirmation live tuesday at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span3. "bpext this weekend on harris through

her book "the truths we hold." >> i believe the strongest politics are coalition politics. that is understanding that the vast majority of us have more in common than what separates us. again, rejecting the idea we live in silos and we do not share values or concerns and when we wake up in the north and i cannot we do not share the same kinds of thoughts about what we need or what our families need. the vast majority have more in common. oz --talks p.m., dr. about his book. >> with the crisis we have seen over the last 30 years, i have rarely ever heard an american leader today addressing the present crises in the light of the founding vision, addressing the better angels of the

american nature in the light of liberty and justice for all that comes from the declaration. in other words, there is at the ke vision,lincoln-li courage, and leadership. america greatke again if they do not ask first what made us great begin with. >> than sunday at 9:00 p.m., a journalist discusses her book "it was all a dream: a new generation confronts the broken america." of black barack obama got nominated for president, and our political climate has changed. so i think for me it was the idea that the american dream maybe is possible for black americans and maybe it was not created for us, the idea that you could do better for your

parents if you work hard enough. it does not matter. lot in life. that does not seem the reality now, and that is a profoundly disappointing thing, at least for me. >> watch "book tv" this week and on c-span2. house 21 of the shutdown, debated a bill to reopen parts of the federal government, including operations for national parks and funding for the epa. there is the last portion of that debate. mr. joyce: thank you. the speaker pro tempore: the distinguished gentleman from ohio is recognized. mr. joyce: mr. speaker, i rise today to highlight some of my concerns with h.r. 266. as a representative from the great state of ohio, i know how important it is to have programs to ensure we're protecting our natural resources and preserving them for future generations. one of the greatest natural resources and economic powerhouses we have in the united states and for the world, that matter, is t