world always knew, that no people on earth are so fearless, or daring, or determined as americans. if there is a mountain, we climb it. if there is a frontier, we cross it. if there is a challenge, we tame it. if there is an opportunity, we sees it. let's begin tonight by recognizing that the state of our union is strong because our people are strong. announcer: the state of the union, first postponed because of the government shutdown, will now take place on tuesday night. watch as president trump delivers the state of the union beginning at 9:00 p.m. eastern on c-span, followed by the democratic response by former georgia gubernatorial candidate stacey abrams. the state of the union, life tuesday on c-span, c-span.org,

or listen with the c-span radio app. >> next, e-book tv exclusive. our city tour visits santa monica, california, to learn about the unique history and literary life. for eight years, we have traveled to u.s. cities bringing the book seen to our viewers. at can watch more c-span.org/citiestour. ♪ >> welcome to santa monica, california. with the help from our spectrum cable partners, for the next 90 minutes, we will explore this communities literary life. tourism and a growing technology sector are two of the drivers of

this beachfront city. we will speak with local writers like pat morrison. santa monica was founded in 1875, even before the los angeles times. it is an important paper in telling the story of a part of los angeles that seemed to be so far away from the center of action that people did not know what was going on. santa monica and the evening outlook has been so important to telling the story of santa monica. begin our feature with local journalist saul rubin. he spoke about the culture and economy of this city.

>> we are in palisades park in santa monica overlooking the pacific coast highway. for is a popular park people to come walk and jog. it is a great area to get outside and enjoy where you are, which is on the coast. >> i came down here in 1986 to work at the local paper, the santa monica outlook. , was first a news reporter then i went on to be a feature writer. i had a column here for about 15 years. it is a great community to be a journalist in. even though it is a relatively small city, there are great stories, personalities, events, local politics. a was a great place to get start in journalism. santa monica is a progressive southern california beach city. it is a major tourist destination.

it is a predominantly white is anity although there sizable latino and asian population here. is probably being most well-known as a place where people might come to enjoy the day as a tourist. it is now also a popular place for young tech startup companies. right now, we are just outside downtown santa monica. boulevardsanta monica and ocean avenue. behind me are several restaurants that give you an idea of what the city is all about. tourism. about on any given day, about a quarter million people come into the city. they add about $2 billion to the

economy. this city is built on tourism, but it also leads to some of the problem the city faces. it becomes almost too popular. a lot of times, residents want to put limits on the number of restaurants or hotels you can have in the city or how high buildings can be. ist is an issue the city always wrestling with. we want to be popular and make it nice, but we don't want to be too popular. >> when i first came here, there was traffic, but it wasn't really bad traffic. now, it has become almost gridlock. the morning rush-hour people come into the city to work. in the afternoon, people are going west to east to get home or go somewhere else. you have to plan your day around it. know you are going to sit in

traffic for a really long time. traffic isa long -- a big problem. there is a lot of congestion. that's the big issue. for a long time, local politics were about rent control. rent control started in 19 79. a political organization was in charge of that and they really controlled the city. it has to do with issues of traffic, congestion and development. is such a sprawling metropolitan area. it has all kinds of problems. it has much more serious crime then santa monica has. it has issues with funding and infrastructure. i don't think santa monica really has to face those kinds of things because it is a much

smaller area, a more affluent community. they do have the tourist dollars, so they do have funding when they need it. citycan do more eccentric issues. one is the well-being index they started three years ago. they measured the happiness of the citizens. i can't see l.a. doing something like that. they have too many other pressing problems to deal with. santa monica has the time to look at that. they are not only looking at access to health care, education, things like that, or if you feel ok about your housing, but issues of, do you feel lonely? do you feel stress? they are going to look at this index and use it to guide them and how they make city policy for the coming year. monica has of santa always been very progressive.

an also, i think there is element in the community that is a little more conservative. went rent control was going strong here -- when rent control was going strong here, the newspaper i worked at would get letters all the time from people complaining about rent control if they were landlords. it was the city telling them what they could do with their property. they referred to it as the people's republic of santa monica. i don't think people care so much about that. they are going to do the issues they want to do. they want to be at the forefront of a lot of things. they want to deal with even buyer mental -- environmental issues. they want to be carbon neutral. it's very progressive. north, youlooking can see the community of malibu,

which is much more exclusive. a lot of people from the entertainment industry. a much different vibe than santa monica. highwaycific coast which you can see is a great roadway to take a trip up the coast of california. and behind me is the beach, which is such a key part of what santa monica is all about. in the summer, it is filled with people. and the bike path, which you can see, a lot of people come down and ride their bikes. santa monica is a community where if you like the outdoors and you like getting exercise, this is a place to be. the weather is always mild like this and there are so many great opportunities to get out and do things. it kind of encourages you to get out.

it's also a great place to be a creative person. you can be a writer because -- i know when i am writing and there are times i get stuck. you want to go out and take a walk. i will go out and take a walk along the beach for maybe an hour or so. you go back and all of a sudden your head is clear and you are thinking much more creatively. i think people have misconceptions about the city. they might think of it as being too liberal, too crazy, too out there. that is a danger you run into. you have to be willing to take risks at the forefront of a lot of things. for instance, they banned smoking in a lot of public spaces well before other communities did that. it seemed kind of radical. it was also very risky for a get at town because we lot of european tourists and tourists from around the world who are not used to that kind of

restriction on smoking. it might make them want to stay away. look at thele might city sometimes and think why are they doing that? that is kind of crazy? but i think they were a little bit ahead of their time about some things. that's what people say about california, do, in general. we are ahead. people look at california because whatever happens here is going to be happening in the rest of the country later on. initially, butzy like trump says, it will make more sense later on. like santa monica is because it's a great city. there's a lot of ways to get outside and be active, it's a great recreational community. there are a lot of restaurants. i like the farmers market. i go every week. people take their shopping at the farmers market very seriously here.

it's very important. it's a great resource to have. we have fresh produce on a regular basis. i enjoy even daily things going about shopping in the city and going around the city. there is a lot of interesting art in the city. a lot of interesting areas to walk around. those are reasons i like it. i think you should come here , these you get the beach pier, the 3rd street promenade. there something psychologically, tos a great stress reliever be in an area down by the beach. if you are feeling stress, come look out at the beach and see if that helps.

>> wi-lan santa monica, we spoke with l.a. times columnist and -- while in santa monica, we spoke with l.a. times columnist and author pat morrison to learn the about the history of city. >> the outlook is the santa monica paper that was founded in 1875. that was even before the los angeles times. it's an important paper in telling the story of a part of los angeles that seemed to be so far away from the center of action that people didn't even know what was going on. santa monica, that's where you went on the 10, isn't it, and spent the summer? but the outlook was so important to telling the story of santa monica, and it closed in 1998. i wanted to be a newspaper woman when i was six or eight years old after i read a child's biography of nelly bly, who was

a woman who wrote for newspapers when women couldn't vote, when they could not own property, when they had virtually no political standing. she exposed corruption in new york. she exposed mistreatment of immigrants. famously, she traveled around the world in under 80 days to beat the jules vern record. i wanted to be her. history, not just of newspapers, but if americans relationships with newspapers, how they help the country to grow. you needed a newspaper in a town to sell real estate, to tell the story of churches and rail roads to the newcomers. they were vital to making the country happen the way it happened. the great age of newspapers really started about the middle of the 19th century, the civil

war, into the second world war and shortly after. the technology allowed more reproductions of newspapers. americans were moving into the cities more. suddenly, you had news and urban .evelopment you also had the advent of electric light, which was no small factor in looking at how newspapers could be read night and day, virtually anywhere.

have someone like rupert murdoch who does not see it coming -- now we have digital journalism. now we have the internet. all part of storytelling. the current role of newspapers is still what it has always been, which is setting the news agenda. toy don't have the resources have somebody covering city hall, covering the pentagon, covering the state capital. they rely on what they read in newspapers. that's how they set the agenda, through this trickle-down. people who don't even subscribe to newspapers don't know that they are getting the newspapers news agenda when they turn on the radio or turn on the television because a lot of that

comes out of what the newspapers are still doing. newspapers that can annd six months on investigative story, that can swarm people with a notebook and pen in a way that television and radio cannot do. fake news is real news for which the person has no response. in the old days, if you wrote a critical story and laid out the facts that the person you were writing about did not like, that person might brush you off with a no comment. now they say fake news. that's the default response. they still have no rejoinder, no comeback, no counter to what has been written or what has been said, but they think saying fake news will be enough to undercut it. and for some audiences, saying

fake news may be what they want to hear and what they want to believe. generally if you hear fake news, it means you are right on because they have nothing else to say. the impact of the rhetoric is corrosive to an institution the founders thought was so important they put it in the first amendment of the bill of rights. they understood the roles newspapers played in the origin of this country. postage tos cheaper send newspapers and magazines to people because they believed in an informed electric. -- electorate. i am talking about your local bondaper that writes about issues, that covers the school board. when top to bottom you start maligning that as fake news, you begin to topple institutions you depend on more than you realize. i think this is a very dangerous

of the play with one working parts of democracy that the founders thought was vitally important. what got me started on this book, thinking about it and writing about it was running across this picture. this was the newsroom of the honolulu star bulletin not long after the pearl harbor attack. these people had blackout windows on the curtains. they were wearing gas masks. this is a reminder of the lengths journalists will go to to get the story, to get the news. the line of died in duty, or any piles, a famous g.i. reporter who covered the famousearnie pyles, a g.i. reporter who covered the war from the trenches. he was one of the most beloved columnist of world war ii. and he died alongside troops he served with. friends of mine, one was blown up in central america covering the conflict there.

another had her eye injured in a bombing in baghdad. another died of a heart attack covering the war in iraq. go where the stories are, oftentimes a danger to themselves. when we hear rhetoric like "enemy of the people," obviously, it hurts to hear that and we know it is not true. enemy of the people is a term used by totalitarian governments of the past. but when news people are in service to this country, telling this country story to the world, it's very hurtful and, i think, dangerous. when it comes to criticism of the news media, i think the paradox is that we are oftentimes criticized by people who don't know what we do when our job is telling other people what other people do. we need to tell our own stories better. when i am sitting in a newsroom

and i hear people arguing about a murder story they are covering , looking at property maps to be able to change one word, was it on the property, in the property, or near the property, wanting to get that one preposition right -- people want to be correct. they want to get the story right. we know if we don't get it right, the competition will be all over it. it's a pretty self-correcting process. what people need to know about the press are the stories about how we get the story. i think we are aware of that now and want to do more to tell our stories and let people hear how we do our stories, to see what it is that it's us into this that goes into this process of getting the paper onto your line every day. a lot goes into that. movie, when you see a

there are so many things that happen to get that movie on the screen that you don't see and don't understand, the same is true of newspapers anywhere that tell a story. that is what i think we need to do more of. i wrote this for the american public to help them understand what role papers continue to play in their public, civic and private lives. whether you are doing a crossword puzzle, looking at sports results, looking at what local events you will attend. this is an american story. how newspapers have failed americans, where we have succeeded and how we are positioned to keep doing that in the future. on every page, you see pictures of your fellow americans doing this job. there are pictures of a reporter

who helped save firefighters during a terrible flood in the pacific northwest. news paper inhe maine, where you have white staff -- the, the mixed raced staff. when i looked at the back, it said hide this photograph. somebody did not want that scene. it time when black people were in some parts of the inntry profoundly this franchise, not allowed in equal role. i tell the story of a black reporter after the fall of richmond in the civil war who reallyto the legislature confederacy convened its leaders. i started to cry when i read his account.

, whate the messenger happened to the messenger is just as important as the message, so you know what goes into telling it. this is our family, this is our country. funny headlines, project that newspapers reported, like a newspaper in texas, the meridian tribune said if you subscribe, will contribute money to put a telescope in a local school. how fantastic is that? thats the chicago tribune had a fake ship constructed up front. the first bikini in the world was unveiled in paris. it was made out of newspaper fabric. if you want to look closely and read your headlines, you could say i was reading it for the headlines.

people used to have headlines costumes out of newsprint. sports editions that people save afterworld series, after every election. people go out and buy newspapers. here's the santa monica outlook. it is the physical proof of what happened. you can't photoshop, you can't hack 600,000 copies of the newspaper. people like feeling in their hands and they like to be able to say, look, this happened, and here's the proof. newspapers continue to have an important role and this is telling not so much as a newspaper reporter's stories as america's stories. it is your family album. >> ♪ angel city press is a locally owned publishing company,

creating books on california's history. at their headquarters in santa monica, we learn more about the company's role in the literary history. >> what is angel city press? >> we are a 26-year-old publishing company that specializes in the social and cultural history of southern california. this becausedoing we fell in love with southern california. neither of us were born here, but we are third generations california's. when we discovered los angeles back in 1970, we fell in love with the place and decided it had a history we wanted to share. >> what was the story behind angel city press? how did you come together and what was your goal? >> we found ourselves together with two other friends and thought, we like some local books, one had published a book

about beach volleyball with a guy who still lives down the street from us, and it just sold like hotcakes. we said, let's do stuff about los angeles. first, there were three, then two of us, because it's a lot of work. we remain, we married and we figured out the interpersonal part of the challenge ahead of time. by about two or three years into the company, it was pretty much us. we have found ourselves less interested in the gift oriented books and more interested in the books that had to do with the history of where we live. >> what kind of books to publish? >> we do coffee-table style books. they are predominantly visual. lots of pictures, historical images. we did one early of the history of santa monica beach. the book went on to 3-4

printings. it is a fabulous collector's edition. book, our that author, who was born here and use relatives had owned the mexican land-grant that was santa monica way back, his collection of photographs was purchased at a huntington museum and that purchase made news all over the world. we were pretty proud of that. >> are any other examples of the types of books you put out? well, we did a book like this with the los angeles central library. the history of the library. scott, tell them about -- >> a friend of ours, when he was a teenager, back in the day, he lived above the sunset strip. kid and he would

walk around with his camera and took a lot of photographs of billboards that were there and he became70's a brick -- he became a professional photographer. whenever he showed his photos to people, they always look at these pictures. he came to us and said how about doing a book? we worked with him and that is this book. that is typical. we decided to make more than just a pictorial book, because it is a story about a form of advertising that doesn't exist anymore, which is hand-painted billboards, and a story about a potential for advertising that doesn't exist anymore, which is a lot of money for unknown musical artists, that was a particular time in history and a venue where people in the industry would look at these signs much more so than the rest of us. that is what it was for. era of thesee the

billboards. what is interesting about this is the photo was taken right around the time that people were aul is all is dead -- p dead and in the middle of the night, some pranksters came and chopped off paul's head. we have three beatles and a headless paul. that made the news. they never found the head. but when the book came out, we put out the word that we wanted to know if anybody still had the head. four years later, somebody turned up at the book launch with paul's head. our books have an impact. >> the person brought the head and the artist who painted the head was there. he was in his 90's at the time. they conversed and basically the conversation was, why did you take my head? very interesting time. >> so why did he take the head?

>> just for fun. just crazy kids. but it was international news at the time. it was just wonderful for the artist to finally be able to say, why did you do that? >> ironically, that piece of art, even though it is only the head, is the only preserved hand-painted billboards. they would recycle these. companies would take the billboards down, whitewash them, and use them again. all of these exist only photographically, with the exception of this stolen piece of one. >> one of the things we like to do is focus on topics that perhaps would not ordinarily get coverage. few years ago, we were approached by the california historical society to do a book with them about murals that were

chicanolatin american artists throughout los angeles that has disappeared over time. reasons, political progress,easons of quote unquote. this is one of our favorite. it is a beautiful book about things that can never be seen again here in los angeles. it has gone on to win several prizes. we are very proud of it, because it tells a story that otherwise would be lost to history. what makes angel city press unique compared to other polishing houses across the country? publishing houses across the country? >> mainly because we work so closely with our authors. many times, at larger publishing

companies, authors will turn in their manuscript and want to hear about it for months, then finally get it back yet there will be a bunch of questions posed inside of it. they won't know how the editors feel about the project. our authors know exactly where we stand, because we are working with them very closely. >> how about in terms of the topics to cover and the materials you put out? is anything unique about that? >> because our books are always focused on something about southern california, that makes us very unique. from almost apart any other publisher in the world. we do book about southern california history. when we see a book titled los angeles, we kind of laugh, because it would have to be 50,000 pages long.

instead, we take a small part of los angeles and expand upon it and give it a clear history. >> this process has become a degree inw masters each of these topics. we kind of feel like we are the two students of the person who knows the most about it, who is our author. sometimes discovering along the way. now we have done about 100 titles and there has been enough overlap that we can say, that has to do with this other thing we did five years ago. sometimes, the authors know one another. sometimes, they don't. sometimes it is a 1% or a 10% overlap. that gets interesting. we find the interplay of land politics about building this stuff, and this may be a civics center and other stuff might be housing, the land politics don't have much to do with each other

at the time, and now when we see what is left and we find, these people that historically were involved in these two things had something to say about the other one, and often the authors didn't know that. >> lies it important to have local authors telling these local stories? important to is have local authors working on local stories, because the ad a d a realthey ad credibility. they will be the people who really researched the deepest in you can have someone come from another city and look at los angeles, but do they really understand it if they haven't lived here? i don't think so. >> there's a term for it in the movies where things are the way

they are supposed to look and it understandingthe that there was the depth of knowledge so that what is being clearn top of that is that the authors thought it through. we laugh at itt as published a book called , which is about the mojave. there was a new york publisher who didn't catch that these freeways that were supposed to go from one spot to another on some aspect of traveling around did not intersect. there was talk about the la the crips andngs, the bloods, and they got the

colors run. if you are from that place, you're not going to trust that book. it is so unusual to see that, because so many of our authors have this incredible depth of knowledge. one limited to us a few years ago that he couldn't remember something fact about about the history of santa monica from 1925, when he was five years old. these are facts that normally would be footnotes in a history book. it is amazing. >> for his book, i was assembling the bibliography and i said, there aren't any books here. and he said, books. i really didn't read any books about the topic. i read every issue of the santa monica evening outlook from 1875.

that is the kind of research our authors do. they get compulsive, but it is because they are so into their topic and we are there to help them along. if we make history accessible, it in courage to have a pride of place, to understand why they love living in a particular place. what went on before. people notoriously say there is no history and los angeles and we are out here to prove them wrong. 26 years in the book publishing industry, what has changed over that time? >> amazon. >> and the big chain bookstores before that. of, theresame story is a given set of sellers and buyers and middle people, and they change over time. we could be telling the story of

selling hi-fi gear and it would be the same story. we could be telling the story of selling groceries two generations ago and that would be the same as selling books today. --t we see is that there is it already happened before we began 26 years ago. the potential to develop a high-quality product was relatively low difficulty, and that -- because of relatively inexpensive short run, in our case, high-quality color printing. that doesn't solve the marketing problem, which is how you have to find someone to buy what you have, and there is also the product quality problem, which is that if you have an idea for a book that is not well thought through, it doesn't matter how beautifully manufactured it is. it will not be available -- it

will not be a success. however that is defined. it may not be a critical success, it one b and economic success. we have seen publishers come and go. we have seen booksellers, and go. now.is an ongoing thing i think we are seeing the end of the chain bookstore world in the u.s., except for the one chain, which is amazon and that is not the same thing. -- i don'tike saying know what, it's a different ballgame. >> when we started in business in 1992, los angeles was renowned for having the largest per capita book sales in the country. we had so many independent bookstores you could go on to the santa monica promenade and find five independent bookstores. of, we have a handful wonderful independent bookstores

in all of los angeles. that is a big change. now, 80% of our books are sold on amazon. that is a sad statement. kids are not growing up going into bookstores, looking at all of the possibilities that are there for them. it is a shame, but we persevere. >> one of the current trends in publishing, -- what are the current trends in publishing and what you see going into the future? >> i don't think we can adjust that. we don't deal in trends. >> why don't you deal in trends? >> we don't deal in trends, because we want to create a document that people can look at for the next 20 years. isn't't want a book that salable for a long amount of

time. we want a book that adds to the history of southern california, and if you are dealing with temporary moments, that is not our place. that is for other publishers to do. >> it is a challenge. in a way, it almost sounds self-serving, but we want to make books we would like to have on our bookshelf and not have to say, why is that on the bookshelf because that is last year's thing. we have been tempted to do things that are involved in trends, but luckily, we are so slow to react that we tend not to get involved in the trend before the trend is over. >> we did a book on a famed shopping street here in southern california. we thought, that is great. we will do a guidebook. authors who were steeped in fashion, new their topic so well, they wrote a wonderful book, but before i got

back from the printer, there was the recession, and 50% of the stores had changed. we were stuck with a lot of books that were out of date. we learned a lesson the hard way. towhat you want the audience understand about the publishing process and your process in particular? >> i think that when i think about publishing here in los angeles, i realize that there is a story that is multifaceted, it .s not just a cultural story it is not just a sports story. -- it is wherea all these things come together. i want people to read our books and see how they interlace. that is what we have learned over the course of these years.

seeing that one thing plays against the next, and that is how this great metropolis was created. we are really telling that story. that is what i want people to take away. >> is up to this notion of a whole bunch of suburbs in search of a city, or whatever that trope is. the whole point is, these suburbs are never in search of a city. people were happy to be where they were and doing what they did and that was the case with the various topics that we encounter and sometimes published. we keep finding more. a problemshers have of how am i going to do the next book on whatever? how do i make a series out of this? but we do not have that problem. it is quite the opposite. there is no end to the stuff we could publish. what may be frustrating is, how do we judge what is worthy of our time, what is worthy of our interest, and what we think we

can sell? at the end of the day, we're not a nonprofit company. we have to break even. we don't want to go bankrupt. we want to keep doing this. want to build something and sell something that belongs to an idea that we think someone else has. there is a challenge there. it is interesting to see that all throughout anywhere you live , and i think southern california is unique. there are people who have found their way and done something and they quietly go about what they are doing and maybe not so quiet because they are in public, but a lot of times people are very quiet. they just did a fantastic job of doing what they did. our job is to get the word out and realize that there are thats that are so narrow

no interest is so small for a general interest book. that doesn't mean it is not interesting. you try to figure out how that fits into a bigger picture. >> there has been a history of small publishers in los angeles , and iwever many decades think that we are just part of that history. the publishing history of southern california. ourselves asink of a little library of los angeles. >> excellent. you guys were awesome. >> thank you. >> ♪ announcer 1: constructed in 1909, the santa monica pier 1 is the first concrete. on the west coast.

today, it hosts millions of visitors. p or historian jim harris is the author of santa monica. , a century on the last great pleasure. a centuryica pier, of the last great pleasure pier. >> we see people of all different interest levels, all different walks of life. pier if you were to walk down they wouldgiven day, all give different reasons of why they came. once you begin walking on the pier, you don't realize that you are only one block from downtown. can be at the ocean, on the beach, and a completely unique environment that is not part of the city.

ae book is santa monica pier, century on the last great pleasure pier. it would cannot in 2009 to commemorate the pier's first 100 years. it has its ups and downs. it has to go through some growing pains, then it has a natural disaster, then grows again. it is a wonderful up and down story from fishing pier to amusement park pier to harvard. it has been home to many interesting stories. municipal piera opened at ninth, 1909. as a public utility to run sewage into the ocean. for a very specific purpose to solve a problem for the city. unique indistinct and that it was the first only entirely concrete pier on the

west coast. a con -- andcity held a parade concerts and competitions in the water to celebrate the opening of the pier. the idea of a concrete pier in the early 1900s was that it would last forever, or at least longer than wooden pier that were built here. piles lasted about 10 years before the inner ironwork started resting. the beach sand allowed saltwater in to rest the piles. the piles were replaced with soterete -- with creo treated piles. we had a concrete deck with wooden piles underneath and the concrete was then replaced with

wood, then we had an entirely the 1980's,up until and in the 1980's, storms tore down the west end of the pier. the wooden piles gave way and about a third of the pier was destroyed. in 1989, the city rebuilt the pier with a better mix of concrete, made to last and a wooden deck. we have tried also to formulas and i think we have the right one now. >> in what capacity has a pier been used? -- beingfrom being run used to run servers to the ocean? they on it was declared best fishing spot in all of santa monica bay, which is ironic when you think about what they were doing to the ocean, but the reason i was declared that his people had not been fishing in this part of the bay until the pier. what they were pulling out at that time was very large, giant black sea bass, which today is a

protected spirit is -- a protected species. thesewere pulling out six-foot long black sea bass, they lived to be 80 years old. they are a protected fish today. end pier to the was about three feet long and everybody had to have their picture taken with it. fishing has always been a very andrtant part to the pier that is the community that has been the most dedicated. they are here 24 hours a day and they are happy we still have this year. park --e a facility animation park facility. facility.ement park the merry-go-round on the pier

that particular merry-go-round has been here since 1947. the merry-go-round concept of the amusement park is in those early days. then in the 1920's there was a large dance hall, the lamonica ballroom. it was only here for 40 years, it had a distinct life of its own. used ultimately as a city convention center, a roller rink a couple of times. ever varietyirst show broadcast live on television in 1948. there is that distinct part of the history. like charlie chaplin. error flynn had his yacht in that harbor. that is the unique and wonderful

history for the pier. i nthe 1940's, all of those yachts wer displayed his fishinge boats. had taken over so the commercial fisherman had nowhere catches except for the santa monica pier. it became the primary spot for fishes to deliver their catches to feed basically the community. camethe santa monica pier be even more than a fishing pier. the home of the fishing boat. in the 1960's, the pier was getting pretty run down. it were many ideas. a highway would run along the santa monica pier to malibu and along the silence. lands.se is than the was the idea of a large island with a convention center. a bridge to that. ultimately tearing down the pier

and building their own bridge. all these conflicts surrounding the pier in the early 1970's. the community rallied and put a stop to it all. the community said no. the983, storms wiped out west end of the pier. it seemed like a tragedy at the time but what it did was create the community in the city to figure out what are we going to do with this pier we much.o what can we do to make it a special place they could become viable? the concept of the amusement park returned. oto make the pier family-friendly. so, a new amusement park was built. in 1996, pacific park opened and it changed everything. the visitor ship was a much more friendly family, it was open to all.

it was comfortable, it was safe. and people could enjoy a nice afternoon on the pier and not worry about it being the seedy pier it had become. but to enjoy a new place that was vibrant and full of color. that's the pier we get to enjoy today. ♪ we are standing at the end of the santa monica pier. as far as you can go without going for swim. at one point, this with consider the end point of four 66,-- of route 66. not the official end of route 66, but it is the end of the journey that most people finish. this is a very special place. a little more than a quarter of a mile. you are getting your steps in. getting a good half-mile walk just to the end and back.

and so it's good exercise, an uneven service. -- sruurface. you ared rickety boards walking on. to add to the experience. to give you a sense of place. people have been walking on these boards for 100 years now. since the book was published i've learned so much more about the pier. people have told me about pete peterson who was a very famous lifeguard. waterman whost ever lived, if you ask surfers. and skips ands doris. he invented the peterson tube, which i have no idea was the reason he was, the inspiration behind this orange tube. when you see it on beaches all around the world. here at the santa monica pier.

it's incredible the things that have come out of the woodwork that i've learned about since. a nine-year-old girl inspired the first ever paddle club in 1940. the pier could be the home for that. that is a sport that has appealed to adults and children alike. just like the pier appeals to adults and children alike. founded here on the santa monica pier. beach volleyball, the two-person volleyball, the most popular sport of the summer olympics, that sport started on the pier. it goes on and on. when i came to the pier, there was no west end of the pier. there was no amusement park. the west end had been torn down by storms and the pier was used by 2 million visitors as a bridge to get to the beach. the beaches are hard to get to because they are at the bottom of a cliff. the pier is the bridge to the

beach. the pier was not very popular are very well respected. in time, we grew together. and the pier has become home to nine million visitors per year. i've grown to be the person you can tell its story. we did that together. i think that is pretty cool. >> up next, author mona -- examines the current status of women in the united states in her book "the high heel footprint." >> so, in 2009, i received my doctoral degree and i conducted a national study in america related to the challenges of women. and i wanted to write a book back then. and my own struggles i think have really led me to the point of writing the book now. in addition to, i do believei in god. timing when god's

we decide to do things because of the current state of affairs and america related to women and around the globe, i think this is the perfect time for this book. my struggles include, although having a doctoral degree, i ha ven't in the past been able to receive higher wages. although i have been in management positions. i've worked for various levels of government all my life. and working on high profile organizational change, and social change projects, i feel like i made a difference the been a question, why am i not g et that salary raise? is a reallyit important thing for me to pass onto a specially younger girls and women who are trying to plan their careers. a mentor to teach others about the struggles i have had so hopefully i can help them break that glass ceiling.

my good is called "the high heel footprint." the book is about wearing your best shoes every day. it is not -- it does not mean you have to wear high heels. the metaphor came about when i was in a conference related to the environmental footprint. the environmental footprint means saving our earth in our land and our seas. the the state of affairs of what is happening in our world right now, especially in america. i decided to write a book to inspire and empower women and girls. bei wanted this book to faced on objectivity, not subjectivity. some to the book so i have tables related to statistics

that women can actually look at and say, wow, we are still making 80 cents to the dollar compared to men. oh, wow, look at how many women have higher graduation rates compared to men. we have made strides. so i do provide statistics. i provide examples of women throughout the globe in various cultures. women ind america, various cultures have had their own struggles, and i talk about that. i talk about the personal development of the woman. and i talk about how we need men who are honorable to lift off up. -- lift us up. this is not about man bashing a t all. i want men to be honrorable. my message in the book, if you are a man reading this book, thank you.

what can you do to help us? help change social values so the samean all be on playing field to we can all have honor and respect his human beings. so, some strategies for the personal development of the individual include, what are you doing on your free time? i coined this mine massage. -- mind massage. that could be anything from meditating. maybe you pray. maybe you're going on a walk. . maybe you exercise what is it that you do that well massage you r mind. we firstly defined our center we tod to stay calm and we need reflect on our issues so that we can think of a plan to solve those issues. is huge.g i highly recommend you find a mentor, whether it be a professor, family member of

friend. this could be men, too. i have male and female mentors. some of my best friends from the federally employed women are my mentors and i bounce ideas and i check myself. i ask for help with my goalsetting. set goals. as far as organization go, i have a call to organizations to step up the high heel footprint. what you doing to eliminate barriers? what you doing to eliminate unconscious bias and in your face bias? i have experienced both. that is not ok. if i had a magic wand, i would say that -- to all h.r. departments in every organization when you get an application remove the name of the person applying and remove where they are from, see you do not know if it is a man or woman or what culture they are. so you are going to choose the best person for the job based on their strengths. a big social change topic that

iw ou would like to discuss is called gender mending, because this is not about male bashing. let's mend the genders. it is about healing these wounds that have been created, the divide between the genders as a result of the current state of affairs in america. and how do we fix that? how do we move forward so that women are feeling validated and men are not feeling afraid to be and the same room with a woman right now? again, there are those wonderful, honorable men. if we can somehow get us together in a room and facilitate some dialogue. i think that would be really helpful. even though the title of the book is called "the high heekl say if you are man reading this book, you have shoes, too. i have women saying, i do not wear heels. it is not about heels.

it is just a metaphor of stepping into your best shoes, your best stuff. i actually mentioned to one of my previous colleagues. he was having a really down they once. i said, you know, you have the power to change your emotions right now and your attitude. i said, what shoes did you choose this morning? he said, yeah, i do. that's the best thing i've heard all day. so, yes, men. you can step into shoes, too. and also, like a said before, you can help amplify women. for example, if you are in a boardroom and you hear a female colleague give a great idea and it's ignored. and then the meeting continues and then you hear a gentlemen in the room same idea and everybody goes hurrah! if you are that other woman in the room, you need to amplify

your friends, your female colleague who said that. oh, well so and so just said that. that was a great idea. and amplified her. because this is common. where women are not being heard. and they have great ideas. i think one of the good ideas that came out of the metoo movement where women had the courage to talk about what happened to them. and it really brought this issue to the forefront. again, i just wanted to mention it. it was a good example of how women are amplifying their voices and telling a story, this happened to me. wow, this happened to me, too, right? they were sharing that story. it gave them that, the courage to move forward, right? so that became a movement. that's partial. -- that's powerful. let's create more solutions so that we can find a happy medium to again heal our world. the kavanaugh hearings,

for example, is a challenging topic to discuss. mr. kavanaugh and he is obviously very qualified to be a supreme court justice. he's gone to school and works really hard. that at discount all. however, dr. ford was very much discounted and that is not ok. she had a story that she was telling her she had witnesses that were not interviewed. m not political but that is a great example of women voicing their experience. hey, this happened to me. and the politics got in the way. the politics of choosing to ignore her story, to put a person into office got in the w ay. again, i don't discount that mr.

kavanaugh was qualified, but why was she ignored and why were there not further inquiry? we live in the united states of america where justice is supposed to prevail. this is a great example of what i was saying that his number one with anybody in organizations is trust. i think that we have really turned away people's trust with our government. and it's a shame. so, when things are out of our control the only thing we can control is us. we can control our attitude, our emotions, our choices we make value added choices, choices that are not value-added. the things we need to be thinking about every single day. and i think that is also the message in my book is, when you cannot control something else, you can control yourself. what are you doing about it? are you going to complain? are you going to do something about it?

so, i'd like to read two quotes from two of my favorite women in this book. one of them is from the honorable supreme court justice sonia sotomayor. "don't mistake politeness for lack of strength." the other one is from lady gaga. she says, "do not allow people to dim your shine because they are blinded. tell them to put on the sunglasses because we are going this way, baby." i have several women, powerful women quotes. but i chose sonia sotomayor because she, as well as the other woman on the court, hold position in the land of america. they are supreme court justices. lady gaga is an icon in america, in the world. when people like that talk and have something to say,

especially these women, other people listen. so, these are the type of strong smart women that are amplifying and backing up other women. and my final quote is from me. dr. mo, says that define your high heel footprint and find your purpose. >> next, we take you inside thel city press where author talks about the culture of los angeles. >> when i was putting together to tell peoplee "t wasn't so much an "aha moment so much as it was a gridlock moment. i was sitting in gridlock one day, upset about how long my commute was. i had a two hour commute one way to get to a job. and so very often i would be on the road for four hours, and listening to the news. and really frustrated and

feeling like i hate los angeles. i have got to get out of here. that wasn't what it was. it was i hate sitting in traffic. i made a pact with myself that what i was going to do was, um, one withind out, am i d the city or not? so, i decided i was going to get up early, early on a sunday morning when i could move to the city with more ease and began to explore l.a. again, you know, and to see if what matter to me the most was still here. what did that feel like? what did that look like? i would go out sunday mornings just after s un up. and i would pick a neighborhood and park and walk. and take notes and talk to people. then this became this sort of regular thing. i started you, you know, take

pictures with my phone. then i started taking pictures with my camera. and then a narrative started to come together, and people kept asking me, are you working on something? i didn't think so in the beginning. i was working on my relationship with los angeles. but it coalesced into a book. los angeles is made up up many cities. and that is what we talk about. there are diverse neighborhoods. they to find himself in different ways. they have, neighborhoods have really distinct feels. especially when i grew up, you could tell when you entered santa monica. you could tell when you enter dennis. -- venice. there were something about not just the weather and the atmosphere but the way people dress, the way people interacted with one another. and when i was growing up, a lot of it, the way i define myself

as an angelino. i felt like i wanted to be part of all of it. i would drive around and have a little bit of santa monica for the day or have a little bit of venice. or echo park. nd they all had distinct, a distinct feel to them. you got to meet people from all over the world and listen to their stories and eat their food. and see the world through their story. and that to me was the bounty of being from a place that had all of these different places and cities inside of it. one of the things that has happened in the last two years as i've watched los angeles change and watched how this distinctness of those

neighborhoods go away has been twofold. lots of urban renewal. pspacesbuilding of big that seems sort of blank and fl at. there is a flattening to the culture. then there was lots of gentrification. happening. and that is pushing these old neighborhoods with these old buildings on that flavor and color that you associate with certain neighborhoods, that's going away. los angeles is full of phantoms. i don't mean apparitions, but the elusive traces of the many cities beneath the city, barely discernible and vanishing rapidly. i felt sure when or why i needed to put somewhere in the last few years i began what i can only describe as chasing ghosts.

first it was faint, stylized lettering sketched along the side of last century's brick buildings, making up downtown los angeles's historic core. yet, before i knew it, i found myself returning again and again to the long stretches of gray boulevards just beyond it lined with low high-rises. we grew up being lectured that heights were restricted due to earthquake anxieties. truth told, they were due to aesthetics that no downtown building was just a few obstruction should be taller than city hall. standing among them, i'd eavesdrop. es askededits oific pastorius, the tailors and the jewelers. penny diversions and entertainment. and, of course, what so many came with to begin with, the advertisement for space, for let, private rooms, nice place. elaborate antique family trees

bloomed along stone walls, faded but apparent. thenesses built on shoulders of fathers and sons and brothers, cabinetmakers and apothecaries, in the memory of ades if you can pause long enough to see them. neighborhoodg of happens. it affects both the people who have lived there a long time as well as the new people who come in. the people who live there for a long time and a star to see the features of their neighborhoods star to see the features of their neighborhoods go away, i think there is a term that one of, it was long-term neighbors used called -- it's when you've lived in a place for a long time you have been moved or the place has changed around you, and it's trauma. i did not change but. the place around me has changed

there is a disorientation about a place you do not feel connected to the community anymore. your family and friends have moved away. and in trying to find another difficult, is especially if you have been there generations. your family has been there generations. for the new people, i think you just end up like living in a place that you don't know why it's significant or what people fought for to live in that neighborhood. you're kind of just, again, back to that metaphor. this place is a backdrop for you x -- moved inoto neighborhood, so i'm going to make this that neighborhood. this is my backdrop. instead of forcing it to be something else. why don't you give yourself over to it? and find out why people have been in a place for a long time.

why they nurture it, why they care. let it shape you. angeles the gift of los if you gave yourself over to it? if you let it mark you? what was his gift to the world? i've always found it difficult to put into words. down deep feeling. instead i often grasped for an approximation. grab the metaphor. sometimes it is like a soundtrack. calm.g through sleak a hip hop sample. flat and sly as a toy piano. it is a doppler effect of an ice cream truck slurring down a long block. other time it is scent, garlic and gardenias and star jasmine. or the season when you cannot

discern if it is a brush fire or chimney smoke. or it's our singular intervals, a way of telling time. scrounging up car bass strait ton -- ashtry change hot the touch. it is a saturday night fleet of low and slow sedans. it's fire seasons fury and pink skies. it is summer not ever ever really giving in. or simply taking in the sparkle as youof city lights ride out of boulder hills heading north on the bright just after -- can i get a witness? can i put in a bottle? this was the experience that ran parallel to what was the working narrative of native l.a. hollywood and beaches. indoor, outdoor tropical expanses. the endless cocktail parties.

theple can fight against flattening of their neighborhoods is to understand that some of the features of ,laces, architecture for one um, how things came to be, that story, those neighborhood hbosees, it is -- if t ose can stay in place and i know that people are part of neighborhoods, story projects that are being launched. there's one that's getting ready to start in the baldwin hills area, for example, where they are looking at trying to get to some of the elders so that we can know the stories of that place. some of it is going to exist in public art. some of it will exist in library's. so that when people arrive, they know what they are sitting on. don't expect, i

things, of course, we do not live in a museum, but we sho uld absolutely be able in some ways to honor that past. that thehope readers of this book decide that they want to explore l.a. that they want to push into l.a. and sample it and feel it and taste it. and, because it really, if you give that time to that, you are rewarded in such amazing ways. and i just, i hope that people can just sort of like let go of their assumptions and try it out and see. what it actually can be. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] visit to santa monica is a book tv exclusive and we

showed it today to introduce you to c-span's cities tour. for eight years we have traveled to cities bringing te book seem to viewers could you can watch more visit that c-span.org/cities tour. >> a look at tonight c-span schedule. next, secretary of state mike pompeo announces that the u.s. is suspending an intermediate range nuclear forces treaty with russia that has been in places the cold war. after that president trump holds a meeting on human trafficking with homeland security officials and others. and then health and human services secretary of perception drug prices. the newsmakers" at 10:00, chair of the american conservative union. >> over the last year, the world has seen what we always knew that no people on earth are so fearless or darren or determined -- or daring as americans. if there is a mountain, we climb

it. if there's a frontier we crossed it. if there is a challenge, we tame it. if there is an opportunity, we seize it. so, let's begin tonight by recognizing that the state of o ur union is strong because our people are strong. [cheering] >> the state of the union. first postponed because of the government shutdown will now take place on tuesday night. watch at president trump delivers his state of the union address live from the house chamber beginning at 9 p.m. eastern on c-span. followed by the democratic response by former georgia gubernatorial candidate stacey abrams. the state of the union live tuesday at 9 p.m. eastern on c-span, c-span.org or listen with a free c-span radio app. pompeory of state mike

announced friday that the u.s. is suspending the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty,a pact with russia that has been a centerpiece of security since the cold war. he says rush has six-month to comply or would be terminated. >> the agreements>> to which we enter must serve american interest. countries must be held accountable when they break the rules. for years, russia has violated the terms of the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty without remorse. to this day, russia remains in material breach of its treaty obligations not to produce, possess,