the memoirs because will own up to that. >> thing was professor at the united states military academy at west point on her annotated edition of grants memoirs. that grant's memoirs. -- grant's memoirs. >> you see the dissolution of the physical body and the desperate clinging to all the energy, the reserves of energy he has left and the iron determination to give every last ounce of strength to the memoirs, to the completing of he does notcause want to write his memoirs initially but is compelled to buy some calamitous circumstances in the last few years of his life, including bankruptcy and the misdiagnosis of his fatal cancer. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern

on c-span's q&a. this is daryl campbell of the arms control association. he serves as the executive director. what is the most important thing for the united states to consider this upcoming summit with north korea? guest: the most important thing all trump needs to consider is the window for the diplomatic breakthrough is not going to last forever. this is the second summit at the head of state level. there has been an easing of tensions since the june summit. there has not been progress on the plan for denuclearization of the korean peninsula, easing tensions. those were the twin goals of the singapore summit. after fits and starts, after singapore for each side demanded more of the other than the other was willing to get in, which is the usual diplomatic negotiation , besides finally on track and

have been having working level meetings with senior advisor on the north korea issue, stevie in -- eagan. that freezes north korea's missile programs. there has been a testing north korea continues to produce material and improve its capability but they are not going to stop giving up their capabilities for nothing. kim jong-un wants to make sure that there is movement towards ending the amnesty between the united states and north korea, so he is looking for something concrete to move towards a piece. we could see an initial deal that involves shutting down maybe north korea's major

nuclear complex, where they weapons.lutonium and it could go beyond that. united states would like to see inspectors go in to make sure things are shutdown. the north will look for something in return like a declaration for the end of the war involving the u.s., south korea and the north. maybe easing some sanctions and return for whenever north korea follows through. reasonable? se daryl: they are. we can remember north korea has a substantial nuclear arsenal, 10 to 20 nuclear bombs, material for 30 to 60. they have dozens of nuclear facilities. even if the sides agreed to a years longll be a

process. we have to look at action for action process, each side confident they will follow through. roadwe can get along the that that is possible. the summit is perhaps trump's less best -- last best opportunity. host: questions, you can ask our guest, 202-748-8000 for democrats. for republicans. how do we know that they are actually doing what they say they will do? don't have to trust the north koreans to do what they are going to do. we need to have inspectors on the ground at the sites where they will dismantle facilities. when we get to this point, if we do, talking about this dismantling of nuclear bombs, we need to have u.s. specialists and north korean specialists

working together to ensure the disassembly is happening as prescribed. we will be able to see much of this on the ground. we will need to see much of this on the ground with u.s. inspectors, perhaps atomic energy agency inspectors, perhaps from the test entry organization which verifies the absence of nuclear testing. some of it can be done through remote u.s. monitoring agencies. it is going to be a complex, years long process. and what is tough is that this is an apples to oranges kind of exchange. the north koreans want the united states to take demonstrable steps to ease tensions, things like a peace declaration, things like removing u.s. strategic assets. the bombers that fly from guam, they think that is a sign of decapitation strike.

they want some easing of sanctions. they will need to have those steps for the truce. pedro: let's hear from president trump last friday speaking from the rose garden regarding the summit and north korea. [video clip] have a loti hope we more done. more rockets going up, no more whistles going up no more , testing of nuclear. in fact our remains the remains , of our great heroes from the korean war, and we got back our hostages. but we hope we are very much equally successful. i am in no rush for speed. we just don't want testing. the sanctions as you know remain. everything is remaining. china has been helping us. and russia has been helping us. and south korea are think you could say has been, we have been working closely with south korea, with japan, but china,

russia on the border have been at least partially living up to what they are supposed to be doing and that is ok. pedro: he says a lot has been done since the first meeting. would you agree? daryl: i would say tensions have been used. back, overere scaled the summer, but there has not been progress on denuclearization. leaders in congress were just testifying on global threats. they reported north korea continues to take actions that are contrary to the goal of denuclearization. they continue to produce plutonium and uranium for weapons or missile capabilities even if they are not doing flight tests. so you know, the president says that he is not in a rush, but we do need to move into the summit

with urgency because this window of opportunity is not going to last forever. southe a supportive korean president, moon jae-in, who has been a catalyst. we have a president who is willing to take the risk of meeting with the leader of north korea. north korea's leadership wants to meet with the united states and negotiate. this may not last forever. president trump needs to seize the opportunity, and this summit is a critical opportunity but one meeting is not going to solve all of this. they need to come up with concrete steps, a roadmap. and they need to have working level discussions to negotiate the nitty-gritty details of how north korea is going to present -- going to freeze and reverse its nuclear programs and how the united states is going to the shore north korea its future is not going to be compromised if it begins to disarm.

pedro: our first call comes from michigan. this is tyrell. go ahead. caller: good morning. i would like to ask this gentleman -- you stated what the united states wants and president trump wants from north korea. do you know what the north koreans really want out of the negotiation with us? and also, based upon history and what happened in iraq as well as libya when those leaders gave up their weapons and ended up out of power and got killed what are , we going to do as far as the leaders of north korea if we come up with an agreement? thank you. daryl: in any negotiation, there is give-and-take. one -- no one side is going to get everything they want without giving something in return. the north koreans have made

clear their through private statements to experts and the it, they are looking for some initial steps to include a political declaration on the end of the war. for the north koreans this is very important. it would show the united states does not have hostile intent, that we do not seek regime change. u.s. officials including special representative to south korea steve begin has said that what they want a formal political declaration signed by the president. another thing they are very interested in is sanctions relief. the international sanctions regime is having an effect on north korea. not to the extent we would want it because it has not slowed their nuclear weapons and missiles programs but it is on northserious effect korea's ability to build up a economy. they want something that could be perhaps opening the door to

humanitarian relief, limited economic cooperation with north and south korea on specific projects. the other thing the north is interested in is making sure the united states' military residence -- presence is not one that poses an attack at any time. north korea's ability to support an american attack is low. they are worried the united states could position strategic strike assets in the region based in japan, guam. they want to see the united states agree to withdraw those assets and not involve military exercises. those are some of the steps they want. ultimately they are driving at a new relationship and opening to the world a formal peace treaty with the united states and other parties to the original korean conflict of the 1950's.

pedro: this is richard in massachusetts. caller: thank you. i was wondering what president trump -- what do we want from north korea? north koreans? just seems to be but notat kim likes him have any policy. i was wondering, let's it some policy. thank you. daryl: you are right. president trump expressed a lot of satisfaction with his beautiful relationship with kim jong-un. that is hyperbole. they have met. the personal relationship is important, but we need tangible outcomes. if the united states is what we have been looking for for many years in north korea, to verifiably eliminate the nuclear weapons program and ballistic

missile that can deliver those nuclear weapons against our allies in south korea, japan and even as far as the united states. there was a successful intercontinental missile test that showed they had the capability to deliver a few nuclear warheads to the american homeland. what we are looking for is a phased approach to complete denuclearization, ending the production of nuclear bombs, accounting for and eventually eliminating the nuclear bombs north korea has assembled and the nuclear materials they have in their country. we won't have 100% assurance we have gotten all of it, but we can be i think with inspectors on the ground highly certain we have the bulk of the nuclear weapons and materiel under control. the other thing we are looking for in the long-term is the

facilities,of industrial facilities that produce the weapons and materiel. and in the long run we are going to have to find a way to redirect the expertise of the north korean engineers and scientists who have been involved in these programs so they don't take their skills and sell them to third countries. and is a very long actually more detail than that list of things we are looking for. but one problem we have with this negotiation is the united states and north korea do not have a great definition of what denuclearization means. we think about it as disarming north korea. the north koreans think of it as making sure there are no nuclear threat to north korea, and they do not have nuclear weapons. their interest, as i said, is making sure the united states is not preparing or does not have strike assets, whether nuclear or nonnuclear, that could hit

north korea. so the definition of negotiation thisbit vague in negotiation. as steve has said, they will know it when they see it and have to work forward when these move on. tests overave seen the years of various missiles out of north korea. what about reaching the united states? daryl: that is a debate. the u.s. intelligence committee has assessed and independent experts that we work with we believe north koreans have ballistic missiles. the 14 and 15 specifically can reach targets in the u.s. how accurate they are is not clear. how reliable the reentry is, the device that delivers the nuclear bomb to the target. they have the capability. they have a missile that can deliver a payload the size of a

nuclear bomb across the pacific ocean to the u.s. they have no more than a couple dozen of these missiles. they are probably manufacturing more of them, and so this is one reason why we cannot be waiting around and comfortable they are not flight testing. we have got to make sure they are not producing more, improving capabilities as time goes on. pedro: and the flipside, how is the united states prepared to meet that threat, should it happen? daryl: the u.s. has spent tens of billions of dollars on ballistic missile defenses going back to the 1970's. we have a limited capability to hit a simple target from a few ballistic missiles coming from north korea. there are four dozen ballistic missile interceptors the united states has, so if north korea launched 10 ballistic missiles towards the united states headed

honolulu, lose, angeles, our ballistic missile system might be relied upon to hit half of those. the problem is in order for north korea to pose a threat to the u.s., they do not have to have all their missiles hit. this is one of the reasons why we have to avoid at all costs a war with north korea. theuse the nature of geography, the forces lined up -- this would become a war that becomes nuclear very quickly. not only would that mean american cities are potentially at risk if north korea can get those missiles off the ground. even more importantly, the tens of millions and hundreds of millions and south koreans are betweenthat would be countries lined up with the dmz with enormous conventional and nuclear firepower. pedro: this is daryl kimball of

the arms control organization. their website, armscontrol.org. this is tony, texas, independent line. caller: hello. know how toi don't american,ut i am an and i am tired of telling anybody in the -- killing everybody in the world. our government has made our quality of life fall for the last 20 something years, you all have ruined it. you have made it disgusting and y'all made us hated everywhere. we don't trust our government. trust not one of you. you are all a bunch of murderers. pedro: we will go to jason jason , in california. republican line. caller: good morning. [indiscernible]

donald trump has done more in his first term as president towards north korea van -- than every single president combined. there is a reason why north korea does not launch a nuclear missile or even test nuclear missiles on ibm's. it is simple. they have a 90% failure rate just shooting off ibm's. for them to shoot these nuclear missiles towards america and it would be like committing suicide. years, everyseven american would mention north korea but not do anything about it. all these rules that trump has to do, he has only been meeting with chairman kim for the last year. let's give donald trump a little bit of credit. guest we will let our respond.

daryl: i think donald trump doesdaryl: deserve credit for taking the bold step to meet with kim jong-un. remember last spring, it was moon jae-in who brokered an opening with the north koreans following the pyeongchang olympics. many observers said donald thompson not accept this offer from kim jong-un to meet in person. my organization was one of the few that said, this is a way to break the ice, to cut through the difficulties in reaching diplomatic outcome that helps north korea's nuclear process. that was good but since the june summit, there has not been significant process and that is not surprising because this is a years long problem. if it is a complicated problem, but this second summit would be a critical opportunity for trump to make headway.

what has happened since donald trump came into office is the north koreans did successfully conduct several ibm tests in 2017. these were not failures. these were demonstrable and worrisome successes. they conducted their largest nuclear test explosion in september 2017, a 200 kiloton yield ent explosion, very large. probably a hydrogen bomb device. so under the trump administration, the north koreans have made progress but there is this opportunity to turn things around with this summit in hanoi. pedro: there is a viewer who asks off of twitter does the , path with north korea conflict with the broader efforts to contain china? daryl: i don't think it does. what is interesting is that while we have disagreements with

china on trade policy, human rights issues, one area where there is agreement is our mutual interest in making certain north korea is not have nuclear weapons. the u.s. and china have different approaches as to how diplomacy should be executed. what is the right mix of sentence and pressure for what north korea needs to do? but as president trump said, there has been good cooperation from china over the last year or so plus in implementing the international sanctions that have been imposed and china has a big part of implementing those sanctions because china is north korea's biggest trading partner. i think this is an area where there is a lot of mutual interest. an area where we often hear about disagreements between washington and beijing is north korea policy. beijing wants stability in its region.

north korea is in its backyard. what north korea fears is a war on the korean peninsula. and the havoc that would wreak to china itself. they are interested in making sure that the situation is stable and then the pursuit of denuclearization second. pedro: from massachusetts independent mind for our guest, , daryl kimball. go ahead. caller: good morning. i hope he is successful, but i am confused. i know that china is a great ally of north korea. but you are talking about verifying things. how good are we at that? why would he have this verifiable policy, and yet we iran and to verify in he pulled us out of that. so i am confused. i wish you would explain that to

me, and my husband did fight in north -- in korea during the korean war. so, i hope there will be peace. thank you. daryl: thank you to your husband for his service and sacrifice. the issue of peace on the korean minutes alone -- the korean peninsula has a lot of meaning to a lot of people in the u.s. and on the korean peninsula. i hope donald trump succeeds but the person brings up an interesting quandary, which is president trump pulled the and -- the united states out of the 2015 iran nuclear deal, which succeeded in halting around -- halting iran's nuclear process. it was getting to the point where it could produce missile materia, quickly for nuclear weapons. they didn't get there. one reason they didn't get there

is because inspectors from the given broader authority and access inside iran. the deal is with iran being implemented so far. so i am also confused as the caller is about why donald trump did not, does not see the value of those inspectors in iran. and he and his team are insisting with the north koreans that inspectors go into north korea to verify the potential dismantlement of north korea's nuclear complex. international inspectors on the ground are critical to any such activity and they are just as valuable in iran as they could be in the future with north korea. pedro: in new jersey, hi. caller: yes.

i am wondering, i was wondering about, i remember ronald reagan , i remember ronald reagan put wars in the sky to stop the nuclear missiles from russia from coming in to america back in the early 1980's. i was wondering, can y'all do that? prevent this from happening? do another star wars to block the missiles from coming into america like ronald reagan did a long time ago? wondering if that could work, you know? pedro: thanks. daryl: the quick answer is no. first of all ronald reagan had , the concept of building a shield to defend the united states against the soviet union's many nuclear arms missiles. that never came to fruition even though the united states has

spent billions of dollars on strategic missile defense. we today have 44 strategic interceptors that can hit a small number of missiles from a country like north korea. as i said before, the success rate is not 100%. so you know, missile defense is not in the long-term our defense against north korea's ballistic missiles. and north korea's response to a more robust defense would be to build more off of ballistic missiles that can hit not just the u.s. but our allies in south korea and japan. it would be an offensive-defensive arms race that neither side could win. the real goal ought to be to negotiate with north korea a lasting agreement that

eliminates their capability to deliver nuclear weapons on ballistic missiles. pedro: when it comes to specifics what is success for , the second summit then? daryl: that is a tough question in the sense that this is just another step on a long road. if president trump can reach an agreement on a framework of action for action steps that legs out -- lays out a roadmap what united states will do, what korea will do, that can be a major success. north korea needs to shut down its nuclear complex, which is probably 50% of their nuclear weapons industrial capacity. in exchange for a political statement on the end of the war.

that would be a very concrete -- concrete demonstrable step. that is what i am hoping for. whether they can do that, i don't know. it depends on each side going into the summit with realistic expectations, not asking for more than the other side at this stage is willing to go for and it depends on president trump staying on script. we know he is impulsive. he doesn't always read his briefing books. he has a team that has prepared as best as they can for this meeting. so there is a lot at stake, and those are the kinds of outcomes i think would be successful. does each side follow-through? daryl kimball serves as

the executive director, thank you for your time. daryl: thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> the house and senate return for legislative work on monday. next week measures to require universal background checks for gun buyers and closing certain loopholes. on the senate floor, senators participate in the annual reading of the farwell -- the george washington farewell address. later in the week the nomination of andrew wheeler for the environmental protection agency. follow the house on c-span and the senate on c-span 2. this weekend c-span has live coverage of the national governors association winter meeting. governor with montana chair steve bullock on how to build the workforce of the for allgood jobs

americans. at 10:15, cnn host and commentator van jones on criminal justice reform. after 11:00 a.m., j.p. morgan chase and company jamie dimon on the intersection of public -- public policy and the economy. in our coverage continues 9:00 eastern as governors look at the u.s.-mexico trade agreement. and then governors jay inslee and asa hutchinson discuss policy. watch the winter meeting live this weekend on c-span, c-span.org or listen with the free c-span radio app. this weekend on "american history tv," free speech and the rights of students. we look at the 1969 supreme court decision on the rights of students and free speech in tinker versus des moines with

two of the petitioners of the case. mary beth tinker and her brother john talk about their experiences and take questions from students. and "american history tv" will continue the discussion live on "washington journal." watch "american history tv" this weekend on c-span3. ♪ >> the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. >> ask not what your country can do for you. ask what you can do for your country. >> the people [indiscernible] [applause] announcer 1: c-span's newest book, the president's, noted historians rank the best and work -- worst chief executives, looking into the 44 american