represents. -- represents freedom. when you are an american, you step up for other people and allow yourself to present who you are, what you are, and never afraid to fight for what you believe in. >> what does it mean to be an american? what doesn't it mean to be an american? it is about reinvention and doing your on thing. being an american is kind of like punk rock. it is due euro and thing, independent spirit. it is reinventing yourself. it is second chances for people around the world, we'll all come together, and make a brand-new thing. not only did we do that in the past, we will do it now and in the future. >> voices from the road on c-span. kimball.daryl

what is the most important thing for the united states to consider and upcoming summit with north korea? guest: the window for the diplomatic rake through is not going to last forever. this is the second summit at state level. there has been an easing of tensions since the 2018 singapore summit but there has the planprogress on for denuclearization and freezing tensions moving towards a piece regime. with each side, demanding more than the other was willing to give in, which is the usual with diplomatic negotiations, the two sides finally on track, there have been working level meetings with the north advisor on korean issue. they are on track to reach an agreement on a framework for an

action for action plan that freezes north korea's missile programs. there has been a testing halt but north korea continues to and improverial missile capabilities. north korea is not going to give up its abilities for nothing. he jong-un made it clear wants to make sure there is movement towards and ending of green themnesty of united states and north korea. we could see an initial deal that involves setting down north ,orea's major nuclear complex where they produce plutonium for weapons. it could go beyond that. the united states would like to .ee things have been shut down the north is looking for

something in return, maybe a three-way declaration on the end of the war, a political declaration involving the u.s. or south korean allies and the north. maybe easing of sanctions in return for whenever north korea falls through. host: are those reasonable steps for the united states? guest: those would be important steps on the road to denuclearization. north korea has a substantial arsenal. they have 10-20 nuclear bombs. they have got dozens of nuclear facilities. denuclearization even if the two sides agree to a plan is a years long process. as ane to look at this action for action process. each side builds confidence they are going to follow through, build confidence in one another and we can get along the road as fast as possible. that is the goal. the summit trumps last best opportunity to make progress.

host: questions about the summit. ask our guests. , for republicans. 202-748-8000, for democrats. 202-748-8002 independence -- independents . guest: we do not have to trust the north koreans to do what they are going to do. we need to have inspectors on the ground at sites where they say they are going to miss -- dismantle facilities. when we get to this point, when we are talking about dismantling to havemoms, we need u.s. specialists working together to ensure the disassembly is happening as prescribed. we will be able to see much of this on the ground. we will need to see much of this perhaps. inspectors, atomic energy agency.

some of it can be done through agencies.. monitoring it is going to be a complex, years long process. ant is tough is this is apples to oranges kind of exchange. the north koreans want the united states to take demonstrable steps to ease tension, things like a piece declaration, like removing u.s. strategic assets. a fly from guam. demonstrablehave steps. host: let's hear from president trump last friday speaking from the rose garden regarding the summit and north korea. [video clip] [captioning performed by

the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] -- >> no more testing of nuclear. the remains of our great heroes from the korean war. we got back our hostages. muche hope we are very equally successful. i am in no rush for speed. the sanctions remain. everything is remaining. china has been helping us. russia has been helping us. -- wekorea, you can say have been working closely with south korea, with japan but china, russia on the border have been possibly living up to what they are supposed to be doing and that is ok. he says a lot has been done since the first meeting. would you agree? have been need

to. the summer but there has not been progress on denuclearization. -- u.s. leaders were congress testifying on global threats. they reported north korea continues to take actions contrary to the goal of denuclearization. weapons or missile capabilities even if they are not doing flight tests. the president says he is not in but we need to move into the summit with urgency because this window of opportunity is not going to last. we have a supportive stop korean president, moon jae-in who has been a catalyst. we have a president who is willing to take the risk of meeting with the leader of north

korea. north korea's leadership once to meet with the united states and negotiate. this may not last forever. president trump needs to fees the opportunity and this summit is a critical opportunity but one meeting is not going to -- all of this. they need to come up with concrete steps, a roadmap. they need to have working level discussions to negotiate details of how north korea is going to nuclearreverse it programs and how the united states is going to the shore north korea its future is not going to be compromised if it disarms. host: our first call comes from michigan, this is tyrone. caller: i would like to ask this what the -- you stated united states wants and president trump wants from north korea. do you know what the north koreans really wants out of the

negotiation with us? also, based upon history and iraq as well as libya and those leaders ended up out of power, what are we going to do as far as the latest of north korea if we come up with an agreement. guest: that is a great question. in any negotiation, there is give-and-take. -- one side is going to get no one side is going to get everything they want. the north koreans have made their through private statements to experts and the u.s. saw it but they are looking for an initial steps to include a political declaration on the end of the war. woulde north koreans this be important. it would show the united states

does not intend to seek regime change. stevefficials including begin has said that what they want a formal political declaration signed by the president. they are and just did in sanctions released. the international sanctions regime is having an effect on north korea. not to the extent we would want to but it is not slowed. but it is having a serious effect in north korea's ability paruild week -- a weekend economy. they want to see sanctions that thed begin with opening door to humanitarian relief, medicines, limited economic cooperation between north and south korea on projects. the other thing the north the -- is interested in is making sure the united states military poses ais not one that

threat of attack at any time. north korea's ability to thwart an american surprise attack is low. they are worried the united states could position strategic regionassets into the based in japan, guam. statesnt to see united agree. some initial steps the north wanted what -- the north wants. they are driving a new relationship ended formal peace treaty with the united states and other parties to the original korean conflict. host: this is richard in massachusetts. wondering,as president trump -- what do we want from north korea? trump just seems

bute happy kim likes him not have any policy. i was wondering, let's get policy. guest: president trump has expressed satisfaction with his beautiful relationship with kim jong-un. that is hyperbole. they have met. the personal relationship is important but what we need is tangible outcomes. what the united states is looking for is what we have been looking for for years, which is to eliminate its nuclear weapons program and ballistic missiles that can deliver nuclear weapons against our allies, even as far as the united states. in 2017, the north koreans conducted a successful ballistic

missile that showed they have the capability to deliver warheads to the american homeland. ant we are looking for is approach to complete denuclearization, ending the production of nuclear bombs. accounting for and eliminating the nuclear bomb that north korea has assembled and the nuclear materials they have in their country, we are not going to have 100% assurance we have we can be of it but highly certain we have the bulk of the nuclear weapons material under control. thing we are looking for is the dismantling of industrial facilities and in the long run we are going to have to find a way to redirect the expertise of the north korean engineers and scientists who

have been involved in this program since they do not take their skills and sell them to third countries. detailed list and of things we are looking forward , but one problem we have with this negotiation is the united states and north korea do not have been a great definition of what denuclearization means. we think about it as disarming north korea. the north koreans think of it as are no nuclearre threats to north korea and they do not have nuclear weapons. their interest is making sure the united states is not preparing or does not have , whether nuclear or nonnuclear that could hit north korea. definition of negotiation is vague. they are going to have to work through it as negotiations move on. tests ofhave seen

various missiles out of north korea. guest: the u.s. intelligence committee has assessed in independent experts that we work with we believe north koreans have ballistic missiles. 14 that can reach targets in the u.s.. how accurate they are is not clear. how reliable -- this is the device that delivers the nuclear bomb to the target. they have a missile that can to decide allo nuclear bomb across the u.s. they have no more than a couple dozen of these missiles. they are probably manufacturing more and this is one reason why we cannot be comfortable they

are not flight testing. we have to make sure they are not producing more, improving capabilities as time goes on. host: how is the united states prepared to meet that threat? billionse u.s. expense of dollars on ballistic missile defenses going back to the 1970's. we have a limited capability to fewa simple target from a ballistic missiles coming from north korea. there are four dozen ballistic missile interceptors the united states has, so if north korea launched 10 ballistic missiles towards the united states headed towards seattle, los angeles. our ballistic missile system might be relied upon to hit half of those. the problem is in order for north korea to close a threat to the u.s., they do not have to have all their missiles yet.

is one reason why we have to avoid at all costs a war with north korea. the nature of geography, the forces lined up -- this would become a war that becomes nuclear quickly. american cities are potentially at risk if north korea to get missiles off the ground. more importantly, the millions -- and hundreds of millions of south korea and family are at risk in a conflict between two countries lined up against the dmz with enormous conventional and nuclear firepower. host: this is daryl kimball joining us. rol.org.bsite, armscont this is tony, texas, independent line. caller: i do not know how to say this with more heart but, i am

an american and i am tired of killing everybody in the world. our government has made our -- for the last 20 something years you all have ruined it. y'all made us hated everywhere. you are a bunch of murderers. will go to jason in california. republican line. caller: good morning. -- donald calling trump has done more in his first term as president towards north korea been every single president combined. there is a reason why north korea does not launch a nuclear missile or even test nuclear

missiles on ibm's. it is simple. they have a 90% cellular rates just shooting off ibm's. for them to suit nuclear missiles towards america, it would be like committing suicide. for the last 70 years, every -- on norths been korea. they would mention it. all the stuff about having trump, trump has only been meeting with chairman kim for the last year. let's give donald trump credit. host: we will let our guest response. guest: donald trump does deserve credit for taking the step to agree to meet with kim jong-un. last spring, it was moon jae-in who brokered an opening with the north koreans followed the --ongchang ayla blix

olympics. many observers said donald thompson not accept this offer from kim jong-un to meet in person. my organization was one of the few that said, this is a way to break the ice, to cut through the difficulties of reaching diplomatic outcome that helps north korea removed this nuclear process. that was good but since the june summit, there has not been significant process and that is not surprising because this is a years long problem. if it is a complicated problem, this second summit would be a critical opportunity for trump to make headway. what has happened since donald trump humans office is the north koreans did successfully conduct ibm tests in 2017. these were not failures. these were demonstrable

successes. they conducted their largest nuclear test explosion in september 20, a 200 kilotons large.nt explosion, very probably a hydrogen bomb device. administration, the north koreans have made progress but there is this opportunity to turn things around with this summit. host: there is a viewer on twitter who asks, does the path with north korea conflict with the broader efforts to contain china? guest: i do not think it does. while we have disagreements with china on trade policy, human rights issues, one area where there is agreement is our mutual interest in making certain north korea is not have nuclear weapons. the u.s. and china have different approaches as to how diplomacy should be executed.

what is the right mix of sentence and pressure for what north korea needs to do? as president trump said, there has been good cooperation from china over the last year or so in implementing the international sanctions that have been imposed and china has a big part of implementing those sanctions because china is north korea's biggest trading partner. this is an area where there is a lot of mutual interest. an area where we often hear about disagreements between washington and beijing is beijing wants stability in its region. north korea is in its backyard. is a warh korea fears on the korean peninsula. wreake havoc that would to china itself. they are interested in making

and the situation is stable then the pursuit of denuclearization second. massachusetts, independent mind for our guest, go ahead. caller: good morning. i hope he is successful but i am confused. but you are talking about verifying things. that?od are we at why would he have this verifiable policy is yet we were able to verify in them. he put us out. i am confused. i wish you would explain that to me and my husband did fight in korea. peace.ope there will be thank you. guest: thank you to your husband

for his service and sacrifice. on the koreaneace peninsula has meaning to a lot of people in the u.s. and on the korean peninsula. butpe donald trump succeeds the color brings up an interesting quandary, which is president trump pulled the and estates out of the 2015 iran nuclear deal, which succeeded in process.round nuclear it was getting to the point fiscalou could produce material. they did not get there. one reason they were not able to do that is international inspectors from the iaea were given broader authority and access inside ironic -- iran. iran being with implemented so far so i am also

confused as the caller is, about why donald trump did not just see the value of those inspectors in iran. he and his team are assisting with the north koreans that inspectors going to north korea to verify the potential dismantlement of north korea's nuclear complex. international inspectors on the ground are critical to any such activity and they are just as viable as they could be in the future with north korea. host: in new jersey, hi. caller: yes. , i rememberng about reaganreagan -- ronald , from russia

coming in back in the early 80's. i was wondering, can y'all do that? can you block the missile from coming into america like ronald reagan did a long time ago? host: thanks. guest: the quick answer is no. ronald reagan had the concept of building a shield to defend the united states against the soviet union's many nuclear arms missiles. that never came to fruition even though the united states has spent billions of dollars on strategic missile defense. we have 44 strategic interceptors that can hit a small number of missiles from a country like north korea.

100%.ccess rate is not missile defense is not in the northerm defense against korea's ballistic missiles. north korea's response to a more robust defense would be to build more off of ballistic missiles that can hit not just the u.s. but our allies in south korea and japan. it would be an offensive defensive arms race that neither side could win. the goal ought to be to negotiate with north korea a lasting agreement that eliminates the capability to deliver nuclear weapons on ballistic missiles. what is success for the second summit then? guest: that is a tough question in the sense that this is another step on a long road.

if president trump can reach an agreement on a spring work -- a framework that lays out a roadmap, a years long roadmap, ,hat the united states will do what north korea will do, that would be a major success if they can come out of the summit with an agreement for north korea to shut down its nuclear complex, which is probably 50% of their nuclear weapons industrial capacity. in exchange for a political statement on the end of the war. that would be big. .hat would be the best herbal -- demonstrable. that is what i am hoping for. whether they can do that, i do not know. it depends on each site going into the summit with realistic expectations, not asking for

more than the other side at this stage is willing to go for and it depends on president trump staying on script. we know you can follow. he does not always read briefing books. he has prepared as best as i can from this meeting. of steak so a lot those of the kinds of outcomes i think would be successful but then again, the success of this summit will have to be measured by, does he follow through? and what follow up negotiations take place? host: >> washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up monday morning,

associated press white house reporter and washington post congressional reporter mike debonis. . then a discussion about the latest u.s. china trade talks with robert daily. be sure to watch c-span's "washington journal," at 7:00 eastern, monday morning. join the discussion. foronday, the center strategic and international studies hosts a conversation with a beauty rod rosenstein on rule of law norms in the u.s. compared with legal systems abroad, including that of china. live coverage begins at noon eastern here on c-span, c-span.org, or listen on our free radio app. >> here is a look at tonight's c-span schedule. next is q&a. professor elizabeth samet talks

book of grant's memoirs. 9:50, senator amy klobuchar campaigning in new hampshire. this week on q&a, west point english professor elizabeth samet discovers her annotated edition of ulysses s. grant's memoirs. brian: elizabeth samet, you have a book over 1000 pages long called the annotated memoirs of ulysses s. grant. what is different about this book? ms. samet: the subject of grant is well