100%form our economy to clean energy that will bring millions of clean -- good paying jobs across america and create a more just future for everyone. presidentg for because i'm the only candidate who will make defeating climate change our nations number one priority. we can do this. this is our moment. next, our cities tour visits visalia, california -- california. you can watch more of our visits on c-span.org. you get the feeling that

people realize how much comes out of this valley? >> we do when living here and being part of what comes out of here. back on the east coast, i suspect it would come as a therise that california is top producing agricultural state in the nation. think about the juxtaposition with people, land development and managing national -- natural resource , ae, you think of all that lot of people outside california would not really understand the big on her the cultural engine of the united states. about six we are miles north of visalia.

migratethe property this isher came to -- the property migrate grandfather came to. it really did not hit much. after a couple trips into this arean, he settled into the . this was all swamp land at the could filech of them acres. they were livestock people and .ver time, the operation group , like a cattle, hogs

lot of people in the area. the central san joaquin valley to the lake basin. forest, aas a swamp lot of water. some of the early settlers came and settled up in the foothills in the sierra nevada's. there was not a lot of economic activity here. what we are driving through , the big walnut producing counties, here because of the deep soil. crops.manage all the all the crops have to be irrigated. water underground.

>> during your time working in the industry or going back to ranch,mily operating the what are some of the biggest changes that have had an effect on the county? >> it is the cropping patterns. when i first got out of college .nd went back to forming a lot of corn is still grown, but this was a big cotton growing area. a lot of corn, a lot of grain. the changes have been in term of cropping patterns, what we have grown. the changes have been the ownership, the technology involved. the technology of being able to do more precision farming and

planning. the irrigation systems have become more efficient because water is always going to be short, so the systems we are putting in, that has been a big change. what are some of the biggest challenges former space? spacemer space -- former fai -- space -- farmers face? the commodity on developing, the markets in asia, the european union, south america. maintaining those markets come better -- what we do better is growing a quality

product whether we are talking about citrus or almonds, walnuts. water will always be a challenge. -- ave just gotten through process of putting together a groundwater thegement act pursuant to legislation that the state passed and doing a better management, making sure how we would our groundwater lead to sustainable supplies. years, we were over drafting. look to the east, about 11,000

feet on top of those mounds, that is all snowpack in the winter. during the winter, it snows 5000 feet and above. has -- it is what has created the soil here in the valley and provided rich groundwater. >> this area has seen some of some of the water shortages like other areas? >> yes. we are at the drier part of the valley. drought,e most recent here toof these wells

the east of us, and lot of the individual wells when dry. , so that isped something we have to deal with. >> without the water we have, , we woulde irrigation not have the productive agriculture. producing dairy county in the nation now. back to markets, how are some of the shakeups and trade between u.s. kind -- u.s. and other countries around the world. has it affected anyone else here? how is it viewed here? >> the tariff battle this year did not help us at all. brought a very

difficult year for our products. i don't know about the other commodities. know some of the nut crops, we isso much export, whether it pistachio's, almonds or walnuts. our industry has spent the >> when you enter jacked the uncertainty that the tariff battle brought to the itketplace, and actually, helped destroy a lot of the work over the last 40 years, with to rebuild so much. it's about trust.

they have to believe in you as a producer and what you are bringing to them is of equality you say it is. that's what we spent time doing. hopefully it will get better next year. we think it will be. we farmers, we are the eternal optimists. >> one of these over here? >> those are persimmons. kiwis. >> how many different crops or commodities come out of the county? >> i know i'm going to get this wrong. we always said between two under 75-3 to -- 300 --275-300 commodities. from vegetables to trees to fruit, all of that. >> labor is another issue that

comes up a lot. >> that's another issue we are going to be facing as an industry. the labor issue. the whole issue around immigration. a sustainable workforce that we can employee here in the agricultural areas. they can process our crops. they challenge ahead. we would like to see a more sustained program, where he recognized the need for foreign agricultural workers to come in on a regular basis, tried to cut down the legal for thosehat we have who come into this area to work. that's what were hoping for. a more sustained workforce, where people will have to earn more, people will have to--their quality of life will have to grow. when you don't have a

diversified economy, we are getting more diversified in terms of economic basis of agriculture, as agriculture is becoming more specialized, the demand for more specialized workforces is growing. that will get better. it's what we have to deal with. it's a challenge. if you look at most agricultural economies, particularly in the west, we depend on a lot of farm labor to carvers the crop. -- to harvest the crop. that's why we work hard to try to diversify. to bring in industries that will support the economy of a given area and provide jobs for people to move up the job scale. that is happening to -- happening, too. >> was the federal government's role out here? >> i will take you out to fine

anal, it will be the epitome of the federal government role. was awas a project that dream of some of the water engineers here in california in the 1920's and they help develop some of the plans. the depression hit and we cannot afford it. the federal government stepped in and 1940's and 50's to help build -- in the 1940's and 50's to build a dam in northern california. the central california valley project is the largest bureau of reclamation project, irrigation project, and the u.s., solely in the confines of the state. the army corps of engineers overseas and runs the terminus which ahe coy river,

lot of the water that comes in from the irrigation districts. that is a flood control project. the water rights to that river were owned before the look -- the dam was built. they do flood control and they also distribute and provide service water for irrigation. there was groundwater here, but the amount of groundwater was not sustainable to provide for the kind of production that we see here now. you get out of the trough of the valley and you get 20 foothills, you get to shallower soils to bedrock. water bringing in service -- surface water, and drawing the water out of the canal. the bureau of reclamation project.hat

they oversee it is a localuthority entity that was formed in various districts that have bought and used the water. they have taken over from the bureau of reclamation. they have taken over the oversight and running of the district of the canal itself. >> this is a canal system that lake and itllerton goes down the eastern side from fresno county to to larry county into kern county -- tulare cio n ounty into kern county. there are cities that take this water. lindsay, to the south of us, takes some of the water from the canal. it's some municipal, industrial, but mainly agricultural.

that's what has brought the wealth. way we have moved water around and created the plumbing to whereto move water it will be views most efficiently is what we have done in california. we produce a high-quality food product the matter what it is we matter what it is we grow. lot of regulations that regulate how and what we do, but it is -- it has required our industry's involvement in that process. it is very proactive here in california. we have to maintain that. that is what the consumer demands. that's what we have to do. -- has increase the cost increased the costs, so that we can produce those high-quality products. those are the kinds of challenges we are facing.

they have always been around, but they will be around more overtime. you talk about regulations. the amount of regulations and terms of everything we do is regulated. the pesticides we use, the types of pesticides, the amount we use, the timing of that pesticide. regulations, the sustainable groundwater act, that i just talked about, will lead to sit -- some significant regulations on how we manage water in the u.s. i mean, here in california. all of that. >> i would talking about federal regulations echo -- regulations -- are we talking about federal regulations? >> both state and federal. the people that farm, are they more in tune with what goes on in washington or in

sacramento? >> we hope so. i always was and most of my neighbors were. we had to be. we formed organizations, cooperatives, marketing organizations, general farm organizations, to help band together to work, to help put together various regulations, and also recognized the importance of food safety. the issue of food safety, and how we regulate that, to make sure we are producing a safe food product. were not overdoing it. were producing a safe food product, but we are not overdoing the regulation. noneconomic for the grower to grow that product with too many regulations. a lot of times, we are over regulating.

what that speaks to is the need to be engaged. be engaged in a positive way and the regulatory process, both here in sacramento and washington. regulations both at the state and national level. it has required our industry's involvement in that process. it's very proactive in california. hostile,own was so that it was almost like we fought the civil war on the streets of visalia. 1852, --as founded in when it was founded in 1852, it was attracting a lot of settlers. many of them came from southern states.

they brought their belief system with them in most cases. early on in the town's history, a number of the settlers were supportive of state's rights and slavery, because of where they came from. there was obviously a conflict, because california was a free state. visalia had split loyalties. some were union supporters and many were southern sympathizers. we are in the middle of nowhere. we are to it or miles north of north it -- los angeles. about 200 miles south of sacramento. we were out in the middle of what i'd consider the frontier of california. that became an important because

a number of people use our area -- important, it is a number of people used our area as hideouts, southern sympathizing and groups used the swabs and mountains as -- swamps and mountains as hideouts and their travels. we were pretty wide open for some problems with conflict, dealing with, especially the civil war. at the same time, we had some native american issues. occupying the lands that the native americans occupied. as a result, there were some hard feelings and some problems as a result of that. to 1860.p forward what we have here, is we have high emotions on both sides.

we have the southern sympathizers being terribly emotional about their side. of course, the union folks believed strongly in what president lincoln was doing. part, we had a terribly divided town. newspapers,s, the and we had to in 1860, one was the delta newspaper, and one was the sun. often times, newspapers picked political sides in those early years. support thended to southern cause. the sun supported the northern cause. sidesoblem was that both editorially attacked each other on a regular basis. non randy delta

rris wasr and william mo a contributor to the sun newspaper. they had a standing feud going on editorially. a humorous story. motto in it, saying "it shines for all." that was the newspaper motto. newspaperote in his it criticism of that saying china is for all yes, in like manner, like a fish in a dark night, it shines and stinks and shines and stinks again. of 1860, the two men confronted each other and both of them were armed and both of them were very upset with each other.

john shannon was killed by william governor morris on the streets of visalia. that was the first battle in visalia of the civil war. later in the same year, another newspaper came to be. the delta was there. the sun was there. now we have the equal rights expositor, another newspaper supportive of the south. they were so critical of the lincoln andbraham his administration band -- banned the equal rights expositor from the mail. that meant the newspaper could only be distributed within the town of visalia and could not leave on the stage of delivering

u.s. mail. they wanted to isolate the problem. they banned it. continued to lambaste the union side. a year later, in 1863, the equal rights expositor was destroyed by an angry mob of visalians. they went to the newspaper, through everything in the streets, and that was the end of the newspaper. that, the town had received such bad press and folkcity that loyal union decided to tell the u.s. government, " you've got to do something about this town."

our town is going over to the other side. you better deal with it before it gets out of hand. 1862, a couple dozen union troopers from cap independents crossed the sierra and marched into the town. the union folks supporters celebrated. the southern sympathetic folks were angry at that move. eventually, the soldiers created camp abbottt, which was one of the few civil war posts created in california. it was set up right here in visalia. severaloint, there will hundred -- there were several hundred troopers stationed here. in a sense, it was martial law.

they were right on the edge of town. when they were off duty, they would come into town in their uniforms, which would antagonize the southern sympathizers. "lincoln's them pups," and they would antagonize them to know and. they would yell at them -- to no end. they would yell at them, and be very angry at them. they would intentionally hurrah for jeff davis, the president of the can -- confederacy. that what antagonize the soldiers, because they have these people openly supportive of the enemy. citizensd arrest the that made those comments, and take them to camp abbott at the

guardhouse. they would take the civilians, but then into the guardhouse and before they would be allowed to leave, they would have to recite the oath of allegiance for the union. sympathizers realized early on that was a ticket out of the guardhouse. without any real strong emotion behind it, they would go through the motions of reciting the oath. i'vethey would leave, and -- as they would leave, they would hurrah for jeff davis again. it became a game. it became a serious game with weapons involved often times. becameident that , and becameovered well known here and elsewhere

was the incident involving a sergeant with the union troopers and a businessman named james wells. wells had been one of the original founders of the town. he was well established and well ask -- respected. he was a strong southern sympathizer. keep in mind, the loyalties and thatmotion were so high friends would turn into enemies over the issue, anmd james wells and charles stroble, the sergeant, met each other on the exchangedt of visalia words. hostile words. jamesldiers confronted wells. james wells says, "i am unarmed.

it.dn't mean anyhtinthing by i was critical of you guys, but emotions are high." the soldiers began to walk away. wells pulled out a hidden revolver and shot charles strobel as the soldiers were walking away. that incident was covered nationally. violence, the the violent reputation the town had. by this time, the town was known as the " chcharleston of the west," because of its strong southern sympathies. that was an incident that some that thewas so bad

south was going to start taking over the west because they are making their move right now. asy pointed to the visalians the incident that would drive california into slavery. people that were friends became enemies. about, on the east coast, brothers fighting against brothers. we had the same thing here with the citizens of the town. it was a pretty nasty time. --s were dark years for these were dark years for visalia. whend it interesting how abraham lincoln was assassinated, you would have thought there would be a divided town. somewhat have cheered and others

would have been saddened. the town came together. a little bit of class in the sense that they said, look, assassination is not the way to go. we had a ceremonial procession for abraham lincoln with a symbolic coffin in a wagon. both the north and south supporters joined in that procession. it was a high point for a rather low time in visalia history. for me, that was a positive step. it had become so hostile that i thated whether our town, had only been a town for a decade, i personally could not see how the town would survive

what they were going through in that era. me that we had some good, capable leadership on both sides of the issue that said, look, we have to do something to save our town. they did it. ,> we are headed today initially in our downtown area. visalia very consciously, as it was growing and, we had, shopping malls springing up. people were moving outside of the town center. visalia made a conscious effort to make sure their downtown stays vibrant and relevant. the merchants and our downtown area will be locally owned. the foxeft, we have

theatre. it's one of the anchors of our downtown. it's iconic for downtown. to our left is the post office. that's an art deco building built in the wpa era in the art deco style. to our left, we have a sequoia tree that came here as a three-year-old sapling from the grant grove of trees in kings canyon national park. our office is in the basement of the post office. since it's a federal building, the federal employee, the superintendent of kings canyon would spend his winters down here working out of an office in the basement. visalia has a strong connection with sequoia national park and the national parks service. role in bit of a getting sequoia designated as a national park. a local newspaper man started a campaign to get the park

designated and to protect the giant sequoia trees from blogging. i wanted to mention the palace hotel. it is over here. the second floor of that was a hotel. the ground floor was always retail. i mentioned a little bit about the historic connection to the national park. rmountainthe matte state at that hotel. the second floor has not been touched in over 80 years. you can get the five of what it was like when they gathered before they left on a trek through the sierra. the point of the journey was to emphasize how the national park had -- the parts that had already been designated were falling into disrepair because there was not one umbrella to manage them. so they put forth -- they pushed for one management directive for all of the parts.

-- parks. that's a great historic building. it solidified our connection to our national park neighbors. countyme to tulare because it is beautiful here. i'm a fly fisherman. i love fishing in the mountains. i love the town of visalia. it was a town of 30,000 when i moved here. it became a big city of 150,000.i've watched it grow . it still has a small town feel. i wrote this book "a walk around walk around "a visalia." this downtown area is especially appealing to me and many, because it is full of

independent restaurants and stores, all doing a good business. it has grown up in the last 30 years or so. we have fixed up the fox theater. we have shows there all the time. we are standing here inside of the desk in front of the -- in front of the visalia times. it was founded in 1851, and the 1852, oneounded in just over 500 people were living here. they had a paper before they had a city. there were several papers at that time. as the lead up to the civil war progressed, one paper took the side of the south. another paper took the side of the north. the conflict was severe enough the that the californians, state of california, which was a union state, sent troops down

visalia, and they enforced the laws in odd ways. the 1860's, the southern sympathizing paper put out an editorial that was very much against lincoln. the union soldiers stationed here came into town and tore the presses out and threw them out into the street. that paper was up and running again in a week. there was still a lot of conflict. that in theing is 1860's, essentially, the two papers, the southern and the northern paper, merged. that's how we got the visalia times delta. the visalia times and tulare

delta merged. were walking up for the ben maddox house here. he was a newspaperman. he owned the visalia times delta. he ran it as a publisher and owner for a long time. he had a street named after him. occupied by anow owner that was a bed and breakfast for a wild, but it is turned back into a single family house. we are standing in front of the library built in 1936. it was part of the wpa funded building program, to get the united states out of the depression. it's a beautiful building that has now been turned into the of the newerng library that was added to it in

1976. it goes into the main library. the original library was down on main street. it was built in 1902 by the carnegie foundation. then in 1936, it moved here. thend me is the annex to courthouse. the county courthouse itself was earthquake, a small they are rare here but they do happen very at in the 1950's. it was torn down. courthouse,t that the courthouse before where they had jail demand named mccrory , james mccurry was not a good guy. when he was in his cups, he took it out on other people. he went into a bar and shot a man three times and left about

it. this may be -- made the citizens mad and the police arrested him and put him in jail and the courthouse -- in the courthouse takehe citizens wanted to their own justice. so they overpowered the guard, dragged him out and hung him over a bridge that was at this corner here. onlyridge over mill creek 10 feet high but high enough to drop him and break his neck. her you see a nice barrel made by high school students, the sequoias, nice to bring them down here, people cannot get to the mountains. the post office was built in the 1930's as part of the wga. you can see it is a beautiful building. a lot of handwork goes into it, all the cement mark, the

brickwork is just amazing. floors, marblet inside, they did a lot of work and employed a lot of people building it. active postan office although it is not the main post office anymore, that has moved to a larger building. on each side of the post office, they planted to trees, one a magnolia here in front and behind it, is a sequoia. the largest trees in the world when they get old, the general sherman tree in california. this is a smaller specimen that is in here -- that has been here for about 80, 90 years. we are standing in the lobby of

the fox theater, the fox theater was built in 1926. one of many fox theaters throughout california. it has been abused and badly used for years when a nonprofit group took it over and remodeled it, refurbished it into the beautiful theater it is today. we have wonderful ironwork on the stairs, we have elephants on allbeams them a we have kinds of special wooden carvings, it is an amazing building. let's take a look inside. these fox theaters often had exotic themes, mythological elements, egyptian architecture. withings of exotic places

palm trees and giants above the stage to watch over you. just an amazing conglomeration of fun things. it still has excellent acoustics and the county cert -- a symphony performs here as well groups.other i guess this is the end of the walking tour although there are many more beautiful places to see in this wonderful town. i call it a little town, there are one hundred 50000 and when i was here there were 130,000. i encourage you to come here, it still has a small town feel, lots of independent people with independent restaurants and stores and lots of things for kids to do and we have nearby sequoia and kings canyon national park, yosemite is not far away and if you want to go

to the ocean it is only at couple of hours in the other direction. it is a great place to be and wonderful place to live. >> the san joaquin valley is the thed basket of the world, county is the second largest producer of agriculture in the country. walnuts, lot of knots, pecans, those are what we will see as we leave town and we start to get into the citrus area so we will have oranges, lemons, limes, that are growing. as we are driving along we are seeing some here, walnuts and pistachios, pecans, growing throughout here. although it feels flat we will go up a little bit and start getting into the citrus fruits. we are starting to see a difference. they pick citrus 12 months a

year and we have the number one navel oranges in the country. the problem with farming and this is the challenge, water is the huge issue. many people in the big cities do not want our water to be wasted they say,mers, as there is the discussion about the best use of the water and whether or not we are able to store as much water as we need for our farms to grow. lookot only does it beautiful especially today, i would much rather eat our locally grown fruits and vegetables and other agricultural crops that have it imported from somewhere else. folks generally were from arkansas, dirt roads, they were

dirt farmers, no money. he took his family as well as my mom and she had two children at they headed west. >> my grandfather and my grandmother were both very early coming over from japan. that made my father a naturalized citizen and -- natural born citizen and my mother a natural born citizen. >> this is a little unique from other agricultural museums and that we focus on the people and their contributions to agriculture and we wanted to highlight the diversity that is here and there are 16 different cultural groups that will be highlighted throughout this rotating series. the groups that were selected to be highlighted, they were definitely not the only groups that have contributive to agriculture. it is just the groups that are still primarily present here

that we would be able to go out into the italian community or the croatian community and get those histories and information from them. although this is a wide range of cultures, it definitely is not limited to these cultural groups. were thefirst group native americans. while they did not really do arming and things like that, were hunters and gatherers and use the land and had their own techniques since they did not need to farm at that time. they were able to use the land as it was. groups, in the early 1900s when they found their way here. korean exit, they created a fruitful legacy and this focus is on the korean cultural group so this will tell the story of korean history

leading up to the migration here the county through the present day. people when they entered they will see the timeline initially, it starts at 1850. and goes all the way to 2003 so it it just -- so it adjusts when andans were leaving korea some of the reasons that may have happened, the extreme drought that was occurring in 1897, could have been a huge contributing factor. 1904, 1902 was the first migration which initially was to hawaii, and then finally to california. there was a large group, a large theynity primarily where worked with citrus and they had the kim brothers packing house and created a new hybrid fruit and so that at the time was a

very large community in the early 1900s. the -- thisghlights family, they had quite a few children and something that was really important to them is that all of their children graduated from high school, which was not something that was common for that time. so something for them to be really proud of and prominent in their community. there were several churches that were dedicated just to the korean culture where they could get together and socialize and feel a sense of community within their community there. the information about the other town where many of the korean immigrants settled in these photos are from the 1950's.

they show at that time, you could see the kim brothers packing house, that was a pretty major operation there during the early 1900s and you can see the kim brothers here. each of the exhibits, we work with the tulare county office of information and put together a video where we interview local community members that i can share their history. it is important we do that so we have captured these oral history so that we can have those for the future to see how these immigrant groups came to tulare county and their impact they had here. out of the 7000, 2000 decided to leave hawaii for sonland, about 500 or ranging from stockton and

manteca throughout and [indiscernible] korean immigrants settled there. >> each of the cultural videos that we produced is available for viewing in our theaters and anyone can request to see those and we are happy to show that. i feel like one of the groups time with really hard were the dust-- bowl migrants. i think that was because the people that we interviewed, it was not their grandparents or parents that came were the dust bowl migrants. i think that was here and experienced all that, it was them that went through that. it was very hard for them to talk about some of those things and share may be some uncomfortable history that they were part of and i feel like they were a group that had a lot to overcome to get to a place

where they could be proud of their history. areel like these exhibits important because they give the museum i really close connection with our community. there are several families that may come in that maybe were not involved in the exhibit but they will see the shared experience comingd in their family to tulare county. these cultural exhibits really do reflect the community and give us that connection with the community. the museum. are at the lake, this was created to dam some of the waters to capture that water for later use down in the valley. it was elevated to hold 30% more water fairly recently. it is used for recreation but it

is also an important -- important to us in the valley. one of the largest native american amenities inside a national park was here in sequoia national park. when they flooded this area, it did flood some of the areas, native american areas and they pulled some bedrock and had it on display. termsk mortar is an easy grinding holes where they were able to take acorn said things like that and match their meal. there are lots of places where you will see evidence of this including hospital rock, the pictographs that are on some of the granite rocks there. they call it hospital rock because they assume that the native americans used that as a location for curative measures as you are walking along. it is not uncommon to find evidence of their life in the mountains. our visit to vice aaliyah,

california is in american history tv exclusive and we showed it today to introduce you to c-span cities tour, for eight years now, we have traveled to u.s. cities bringing the literary scene and historic sites to our viewers. you can watch more of our visits /citiestour.g >> president trump will speak at the annual conservative political action conference live saturday morning at 11:30 a.m. eastern. then at eight, senator bernie sanders announcing his candidacy for president in brooklyn, new york and sunday morning at 9:45 a.m. eastern, new jersey senator and presidential candidate cory booker will speak in selma, alabama on the anniversary of the clash between civil rights demonstrators and police in 1965, known as bloody sunday. watch on c-span, c-span.org, or listen on the free c-span radio app.