. oadband speed to the homes > watch "the communicators" on c-span2. >> next an american history tv exclusive. our cities tour visits pasadena, california to learn more about its unique history and literal rare life. for eight years now, we traveled to u.s. cities bringing the literary scenes at historic sights to our viewers. ou can watch more at c-span.org/citiestour. welcome to pasadena located just 10 miles from los angeles. this city of 150,000 residents sits at the base of san gabriel mountains. with help from our spectrum cable partners in the next hour we'll visit several sights in the city including gamble hougs, pulsion cemetery.

the pasadena tournament of roses arade. ♪ >> pasadena is really known for the rose parade and the rose bowl game and really have established the identity for the community over the years. the parade goes all the way back to 1890. it was to let the world know we had the flowers and citrus growing in the winter months where the sun was out and the temperatures were very temperate while the rest of the country was under snow. so over the years many people only know pasadena because

they've seen the rose parade or because they've seen the rose bowl game. >> welcome to tournament help. it's the wrigley mansion owned by the wrigleys purchased in 1914. but for now let's talk about where it all began. we just had our 130th rose parade. the first parade was in january 1st of 1890. and it started with the valley hunt club which is three blocks down the street. and it is the oldest unit in our equestrians because it's been in each one quite literally. we never do it on sunday because in 1893 it fell on a sunday. so we decided to hold the parade on a second. the story we give is that if we don't march on the good lord's day the good lord won't rain on our parade. but actually it was during the

days where you would take your horses to church. they would be hitched up and the tournament organizations thought they would be spooked by all the noise and the commotion. the parade was horse drawn carriages until the early 1900's and then the floats developed into bigger and bigger and bigger things to where we're now with floats that are 100 feet long that can go as long as 40, 50 feet in the air or something like that. this is the place where we do all of our planning for the parade. we actually work in each of the rooms of the wrigley mansion. they said it was purchased by the wrigleys in 1914. t has ready? 2,000 square feet of closet space. it was a long story to that

because mrs. wrigley and mr. wrigley bought it in 1914. mrs. wrigley thought this was her parade. she had a chair upstairs where she watched the parade. she got ill in the late 1940's and in 1958 she died. and her family thought there would be no better place than to put it in the hands of the city of pasadena with the pro visal that it would be the headquarters of the tournament of roses. when you look at the rose parade, there are three major aspects to the rose parade, the magnificent floral floats, the incredible marching bands that come across the country, and we have our equestrian units. as you look at the tradition of the parade, we want to maintain those components that make up our parade. when you talk about the cost to put on the parade, it is not cheap it's very expensive to put

on this parade. the tournament partners with the city of pasadena and we split the cost. we pay for half of the costs. the city pays for the other half. the security is the cost that is fastest rising for us. obviously as we try to secure our 5 1/2 mile parade routes with other incidents going on in the world we want to insure that people are safe and have a good time. so the costs are covered by the entry fees of putting a float in the parade or units in the parade. we have major sponsors that we work with. and then we do a lot of events throughout the year that generate for the tournament and allow us to put on the parade. the parade generate as strong economic impact for the southern california region not just pasadena but the entire region. we just did a study this year that was completed early this year for our parade, our 2018 parade and our economic impact

was well over $2 million. we are generating $2 million for the southern california region obviously, pasadena gets a good share of that. but also with our game and other events that we do we're utilizing downtown los angeles. we do some things in orange county and other things throughout the region. so we know that we really generate a lot of economic activity here for this region at a time that's traditionally slow. travel has been completed. you're on the new years -- you know, coming to new year's day and really the boom for this region to have this kind of economic activity going on at new years. well, come on up to the second floor. while we do that, i want to stop first to show you this extraordinary silver trophy. it's the extraordinary trophy that was of all things one by a woman in 1914, 1915, and 1916, isabella kohlmann who by the way

was still in business building floats when i joined the tournament of roses in 1977. take a look at this float which is indicative of the early floats. it's merely a wagon that's bedecked in flowers. if you look over here in this next float, that's the kind of isnge in float building that by lekohlmann champion. that's not much different than what we do today except that they're heavierer, grander. all these trophies that we have collected, we have two archives, one is upstairs which has all sorts of things in it. but these are trophys that have been given to the tournament of roses that people have found in their garages or in their attics over time. now, we're on the second floor. they're five bet rooms but they look like offenses. i'm going to take you into the first bedroom which we call the

grand marshall's room. various ere i meet committees. i think i've been in here for float entries, for equestrian, small committee for parade operations. but as you look around we've had a large number of grand marshalls. now, what's interesting about it is today the president laura farber is the one who will pick the grand marshall. it's one of the most best kept secrets in the world. i have never known ahead of time who the grand marshall is going to be. so we've got some dignitaries. of course, we've got the best ne is the fellow up here ctor, francis rellen and six other parades. if you look down here, it was shirley temple who was the grand marshall in 1939. and she was also the grand marshall in 199 for the 75th

rose bowl parade and again in 1999 and the theme that was also picked by the president was echos of the century. we've had a number of dignitaries. we've had supreme court justices if i can find it right here is earl warren. that was the last time it rained in the parade until 2006 when our grand marshall was sandra day o'connor, another sitting justice on the supreme court. so we have a rule now, not written but stated. we will never again have a sitting supreme court justice as grand marshall of the parade. then here is richard nixon, the first of two times he was a grand marshall. this was when he was a senator. we're going to see gerald ford and somewhere buried in here is a guy named ronald regan when he was governor of the state of california. now, if we look up above, we're going to see we don't always

have living grand marshalls. kermit, the frog, mickey mouse, we had sully sullenberger who landed the plane and saved 128 people plus or minus in the east -- in the hudson river several years ago. and that, i guess brings us to the time when we should go out and take a look in the queen and courtroom to talk about the rose queens. let's take a look at the portrait on the wall of the 2019 rose queen, the 101st for the 130th parade. this is queen louis, and that's basically how we refer to the queens, just queen and the first name. the same with the princesses. but the crown on her head is orth about $ 80,000. -- $180,000. and many mickey moto pearls.

the one i like the most is the one down here sor sort of second row, it's the 1939 rose queen's crown. and what's interesting about it, she got to take it home because it breaks down into broaches, pens for the blouse, and bracelets. we're now going to step into a throom is not used at all for actually planning the parade but rather for the rose court. this is a room until which the rose queen and her six princesses gather to prepare for the 150 events that they've had so far this year. maybe i should tell you a little bit about how we name the rose queen. about 750 to 1,000 young women have to be at least 17 no more than 21. and in the the pasadena community college

tchment base come in for interviews. and we wind up with 35 and get it down to seven which they take off on a retreat. and you can really tell the queen as she's the one that bubbles to the top as the leader. i've got some interesting queens for you. this is our 1940 queen who is and comes down for two events. she comes down for the core nation in november. and she comes down for the queen's luncheon in december. because she's a 1940 queen, she has met every single one of the 101 queens. >> pasadena is an incredible community with a lot of volunteerism. the spirit of volunteerism is huge.

this is a volunteered-driven organization. everything that we do is facilitated by our staff. we don't have a large staff but draft. a large volunteer the spirit of volunteerism is i believe a function of the people that live in this community, the kind of people that want to be engaged and to give back. not to just sit back because you get way more out of a community if you're giving back as opposed to being an onlooker or by stearned. i would say that that's one of the reasons why year in and year out we get so many people that apply. the first requirement is that you've got to give up your new year. you can't party. for the most part with our organization. but you also have to be somebody that is in the spirit of public giving and involvement and

community -- community connected ness is the best way i can call it. the interesting thing for us as well is we take a variety of people so that in the first six years, you are doing the same thing as, you know, the other volunteer. so it's the ultimate equalizer. i have a bankruptcy judge, a doctor, a business person, a teacher, a dentist, i'm a lawyer. we all roll up our sleeves and do the same thing stuff. you have to think that there's something that entices people that they would want to volunteer. and i think it's because it's america's celebration. >> join us as we take you inside the gamble house, this american craftsman style home was based by pasadena architect charles green for the gamble family of

procter & gamble. >> there are people who come here just because someone dragged them here why they were visiting pasadena and who come away as tounded at what they've seen. there are people who come here from around the world and the country who say i've always wanted to see the gamble house. here i am. there's my chance. there are people who live in similar houses who feel an affinity of their gamble house because it reminds them of sort of the -- more artistic and grown-up version of what their house was aspiring to be. so we really get all kinds of people who have different lelves and different times of interest in the house. the craftsman movement was something that drew people who had more of a bohemian instinct to them. it's really a lot of concern for materials and the natural qualities of materials, what the origins of their materials are.

the landscape surrounding the house, there's a lots of use from the boulders that have washed down from the hills. so it's that idea that things are kind of washed into it and picked for their particular qualities to be included in the landscape of this house. and the garden decide is something that's drawn from the landscape around it. that moves on to the terraces and when you see the interior of the house and the wood si look that it has on the outside, it's surprising to see how the woods are used in the interior of the house. but ill it really that continuity between the woods and not only the material themselves but the way they're used to express structural language. to see that reflected inside is what holds those two things together. even though there's no level of refinement here, it's very

different than the houses of the eo classical bane that was popular around 1912, 19 20rks before world war i. >> they were the fourth behind this house. and they started coming to pasadena. it was one of the big resourt hotels in pasadena that a lot of would come just for the winter season. after a few years of that, they decided they wanted to have a place in pasadena that they could call their home for part of the years. and he had the leisure to be able to do that. they purchased this property in 1907 and right about that same time engaged green and green as their architects. this house is considered to be the most complete example of green and green's work in pasadena. charleston henry green were architects who were brothers. they were born in 1869 and 1869

in st. louis. and they had -- done architectural training in boston. the architectural training there, they gave you a choice to do a two-year program or a four-year program. they had done a gool of training at emmanuels arts training some of they went directly into architecture school after those years. once they got out they went to a number of firms in the boston area in order to get the experience that they needed to dullly become architects. so they were exposed to a lot of the single style architecture that was popular around boston at the time. they were exposed to this kind east great houses of the coast that were being built in the late 19th century and brought that aesthetic and sensebility to pasadena. but the arts an crafts is the

one thing that we're thinking is the one thing that people make and who they make them for some of here the greens, particularly charles green had a relationship with the family where they were talking in real detail about what they wanted from their house an what was going to be included in their house. charles green had a very hands on way of working with the materials, working with the craftman. it was the same group of kratzmann who did the finish work and built the furniture as the commission was completed. so charles an henry green were the leading lights of the arts and crafts movement on the west coast to some extent with bernard maybeck in the bay area. and julie morgan as well. so they're just one of a small handful of seconds. most of their work was really in the pasadena area and specifically in pasadena itself.

>> we're heading into a neighborhood called park place when it was first developed in the 1880's and what we now call royal terrance. the whole kind of idea behind the crestman architecture was to make these connections between the landscape and the houses and to kind of extend the design ideas behind the houses out into the landscape. and this was something that wasn't true of all craftsman ack check chure. -- craftsman landscape architecture and would do things like there's one house here in pasadena where he designed kind of a whole orange orchard in someone's backyard. that kind of awareness of, you know, back during the time where there were still orange groves here in pasadena. it would have been familiar. and brings that into a domestic

setsing is i think is kind of intriguing. >> you can see what the more typical houses were like around 1910. there was kind of an interest in neo classical architecture which was formal and a different feel to it. much less kind of local nnection compared to the craftsman architecture in pasadena. you can tell that some of these retaining walls with the mix clure of the brick that you see in there that they love to use for land scape work and these granite boulders that were chose frn striations in them or the shapes in them. it kind of rises up from there and to this battered profile that these walls have. >> really a dramatic feature on what was a voor are very simple house. and henry green designed the driveway and the perg la over

the driveway. a lot of the houses they kept coming back over the course of the years. back would invite them and would change the house as hey needed change. charles green, they got to live next door to their sister. if family's wife, alice green her family had some money and they were able to finance the purchase of this lopt and the construction of these two houses. you can see how the retaining wall kind of lines the street here and then has these garages to get tucked in. the houses are kind of elevated a bit and has this view of the arroyo. we're talking about a total work of art. it can go -- it can extend from the landscape to the landscape design of the property itself on

the house with the purr initiaing, they're included within the house. charles green had written an article called "architecture is a fine art." that told us about how he saw the house. it was the house itself would be an object of beauty and would have that same level of craftsman shift, the same level of steriles, and that kind of relationship between who was going to be making things and what they were going to produce. for example, if we look at the light picture, it hook charles green to decide what that picture was going to look like. it took the woodworker who is he was working with at john and peter hall to fabricate the wood part of it. and they took took that away to work.lass part of the

it was about the people who were ex-culetting and all this different media for that one project to come together. this was something that you see in room after room in the house where there's not just somebody who says, you know, just go pick process to make this thing happen. it also goes down to smaller levels, too. if you look at the redwood youze, this is something don't say in other houses. they are always experimenting to fill that base between the top of the doors and the windows and the ceiling. you will see it if you go from house to house how they found different solutions for that, away to make that interesting. the gamble house has a redwood freeze and you have seen how they chosen this scene depicted

on what they read in the grain. it might be a grain pattern that looks like an old tree or looks like water or wind or something like that. they let the piece of wood itself guide what's going to be depicted and it. the interesting thing, there's always something special that connects it to that commission. for us, it's the front door. the glasswork in the front door is really distinctive in terms of the motif in it and how extensive it is, the way it spreads across the different panels into the side screens. door is something people identify with the gamble house. the gamble family moved into the house in late 1909 and they had the house until 1966. it was in the family for a long time.

they understood the value of it and they kept the collections intact and in good condition. of it was two generations the family that lived here. generation bought the house and lived here until their in 1923, mrs.ble gamble a few years later. sister.ble had a she was the youngest sister. she lived in the house probably the longest of anyone and she was here and died in 1943. in the late 40's, the family was deciding what to do with the house, if they wanted to keep it. pasadena in the 1940's was nothing like 1908. the population had grown so much. it had strong businesses and

institutions that made the city a year-round city and not just a place you come during the wintertime to get away from the weather. the family had some decisions to make about what was going to happen to the house. thatually, it was decided they would give the house to the city of pasadena and it was given in joint agreement with the university of southern california, usc, and the gamble family. the city, the family, usc has a was been the one that had their role in shepherding the house and what goes on here. verynk pasadena and's are proud of their architectural legacy and it goes beyond what beyond -- what happened in the craftsman period. the craftsman house has a big role to play in that because it has been in the public eye.

in pasadena are very proud of doing their business at city hall and having it be this fantastic renaissance palace, essentially. of thee to the legacy trees that were planted in matching road stem the sidewalk and the parks that were designed historically and the old resort hotels, which were landmarks. , whichta del royal hotel is the ninth circuit court of appeals. these buildings in our midst and we are very proud of them and want people to come and see them. i think it's something that comes out of the cultural self-confidence that pasadena was founded with.

>> the rover explored the surface of mars until communications ceased. the information gathered will be used for future plan demand trips to the plant -- planned manned trips to the planet. we learn more about the mission and to better understand the universe. are at a place they actually call the center of the universe. it might come across as egotistical, but this is the original mission control for jpl . here at jet propulsion explored all the so system and we're paving the way for human exploration in the solar system. of course, people are very proud of what we do here. it helps community spirit to

have a place like jpl, or caltech, in your backyard. >> tell me a little more about how jet propulsion laboratory got its start and pasadena and why is a here in pasadena? >> very interesting story of something that wasn't planned, that fate made it happen. circumstances and locale. there was a student named frank who came through texas, came out here to do his graduate work. he got interested in rockets. he was thinking that was something that the future was about. back in those days, it was considered buck rogers stuff. people didn't want anything to do with it. it was considered been a science, almost. had a mentor by the

name of theodore carmen, who is originally from hungary. he was considered the very best in understanding aerodynamics. this is the era of aviation coming on big-time in the 1930's. carmen liked folks who were trying to do things differently. so they sort of forged a relationship and at the same time, some non-caltech young people came to caltech and said we want to build rockets, too. they hooked up with a caltech student, frank molina, and they began to build rockets. they begin known as the suicide squad because they were using a lab at caltech and basically blew it up. , ruinings going on

laboratories with their chemicals. as a result, the kick to the amount of caltech. go where it's safe. about six miles from caltech was an area that was totally deserted. they started doing rocket experiments up here. was in 1956.t one you getting go well. -- it didn't go well. it did shoot off, not towards the sky, but they had to scramble around and go running for their lives because of the danger of the rocket. in the 1930's, the german military became very interested in rockets. this is when the notches came somepower, they took over

,f those rockets members particularly one who built the saturn five that sent apollo astronauts to the moon. he became the leader of their effort to build a rocket called the b-2 in world war ii. it was used against the allies in the latter part of the war. so when the allied intelligence became aware of the fact that germany was building these rockets, these ballistic rockets, they said we don't have a rocket program. we need to get one going. amateursed to these working outside of caltech here in this area and basically in a tin shack and the military started giving them money to caltech to start developing a rocket. the first rocket that was built

was called the private, using the military hierarchy. it was basically seeing if we could get one off the ground. from there, they went to what was called the corporal. aboutrporal was basically completed at the end of world war ii. united states wasn't was in into the rocket business until after the war. on has that point, von b come to the united states and his german engineers, put in texas for a while, operation paperclip. literally caltech, bron'spl, and von group work together.

almost could have gone to space with a satellite before the russians did. corporal, we did the soldier. at this point, basically jpl was interested in the ideal of guided missiles for the military. and those particular guided missiles were nuclear tipped. they were the first deployable rockets in europe to defend the nato alliance at that point after world war ii. decided with caltech that we didn't really want to be building weapons systems anymore, and that we, particularly, weren't as interested in the missile as we were interested in what could go

on top of the missile for science reasons. and as a result of that, we began working in the late 50's -- late 1950's in building a satellite. we weren't supposed to be doing that. byn the world was surprised sputnik in october of 1957. >> today, a new moon is in the sky, placed in orbit by a russian rocket. >> eisenhower first turned from whatever project they were working on two build a rocket for spacecraft. it blew up on the launchpad, live on national tv, grave embarrassment. then the eisenhower administration turned to jpl, the army, and von bron. they had been worry -- working together all that time.

he said, can you do it? they did it in about 60 days. ,hat was interesting about that the foresight to put in that satellite had actual signs instruments. this was basically a geiger counter. and that geiger counter found out, discovered, that surrounds the earth, these radiation belts that protect us from the sun and particles from the sun that essentially would kill us. we would not be able -- our molecular structure would break down. the first time there was a space discovery was here at jpl. it was about life. it was about how precious life is here because of the way our earth and the radiation belts

are -- the interesting thing is that this is january, 1958. they haven't even had nasa yet. nasa was formed later that year by the eisenhower administration. do,what jpl wished to science discoveries. this facility and a lot of other facilities were turned over to this new organization called nasa. nasa had two basic goals. one was to go to the moon with astronauts. and the second was to explore the solar system. we took the lead in the that -- in doing that. funded?as jpl >> we're funded essentially by nasa, government grants. we do a little bit of defense 5-10% of ourobably

work is for non-nasa work. >> how has the funding changed over the years? >> we've been relatively steady state, or growth, depending on what we wish to do. the federal government budgets go up and down, we go up and down too. compared to a lot of places, we've been very, very fortunate. we've shown the world what we can do and they keep coming back and asking us to do more. >> does the interest in scientific research and just even things like change in administration affect the receives, andasa therefore jpl receives? >> it can, but the great thing i've seen over the years is the bipartisan support for exploring space.

people get it. they say that the public is excited about it. they say that it's popular. and they see the benefits. people to become scientists and engineers, what we do here. boost to our technological capability. because pet of the things we learn to do here, new engineering, it gets filtered out through our society. and so it's a progression. and technology for a country like the united states is very, very important. this is one of the spearheads of that effort, as well. we have been very, very fortunate in that the nation's leaders, regardless of what party, have been very, very supportive of what we do. >> what are some other major discoveries that have been made by the work that has been done

here in the jet propulsion laboratory over the years? to do manythe first things in space exploration. we were the first, for instance, before we went to the moon as an american and, before the -- american space program, before the soft landing and hard landing on the moon to prove it was safe to land on the moon. there was concern by some scientists apollo astronauts might sink up and down into moon dust and not be able to get back up. that was one of the first experience -- experiments. we were the first to go to venus, the very first planetary flyby to understand what a

tortured, scorched world that was. we were the first to flyby into orbit -- and to orbit mars. to gogo into the ability further into the solar system, we had to build an infrastructure of communications. so, we basically had a deep space network, that we send out signals to go out to the spacecraft. what was involved in that is basically the ability, your cell phone, the technology is out of this medications work that's happening here, something which as a result of that, our technology is being used year, as a year, and year,

percussionist technology. the same thing with your cell phone when you turn on your camera. digital photography was first used when we went up to see mars. so, the sort of things that we do are not just an achievement that lasts for a short time. some of our technology is very long-lasting. >> what is the next big thing or next big moment that they are looking for? mentioned what't we do in earth science. i think one of the very big things is understanding what happening to our planet, climate change. effortt's an ongoing in thell be so important days to come as we see more and more change. ofonsistent drumbeat

information is coming back from our missions circling the earth. now, looking ahead beyond that, in terms of exploring so system, in 2020, it's going to be a huge year in mars. we're sending another rover to mars, launching in 2020. the european space agency is planning on sending a rover to mars in 2020. it's going to be getting very busy up there in mars. >> where do you see the future of the jet propulsion laboratory going? and what is next for the folks working here? >> we talk about going on question. -- quests.ts for instance, what we want to

know, fundamental questions, like are we alone in the universe? can we find life? can we begin to answer the questions of how the universe began? was this destiny? huge, huge questions jpl is really starting to dig into. we want to understand our own planet better and what is happening to it and see what can we provide, what information can we provide to decision-makers to make this planet a much more habitable, safe place in the years to come? way fore paving the human exploration elsewhere in the solar system. >> the rose parade, a long-standing tradition in pasadena, began as a way for the

earliest settlers to promote city and mild winter weather to parts of the eastern u.s. the archives at the pasadena museum of history helps tell the story of the city from a winter retreat for the wealthy to a multicultural city in the los angeles area. libraryis our research and we are actually in the reading room of our research library archive. today, we have pulled a few things from our archives, a lot of photographs. we have a few three-dimensional objects, as well. and i will tell you the story of pasadena as best as i can. when a grouparted of people in indiana, they were very tired of those really cold winters there.

and they decided they want to move to warmer weather. group, led by dr. thomas elliott, he recruited, with few other people, his brother-in-law, mr. daniel barry. daniel barry came to southern california to look for a land with 20 of water supply -- plenty of water supply that they can cultivate and settle a colony. so he came to southern california and did an extensive search for this perfect piece of tired, and atery the end of the 35 days, he finally came here, right here, and he fell in love with this place.

and he found his land. point, in september of 1873, they wasted no time. in november of same year, they established send gabriel orange grove association -- san gabriel orange association -- orange grove association, and immediately started cultivating land. they planted grape vines, citrus, started building houses. so, and these are very early pictures of vineyards and orange gross, or just citrus gross. --s area test citrus gross citrus groves. this was known as the indiana colony, san gabriel orange grove muscat, the gr

ape. they wanted a really good name. our dr. elliott, actually, he wanted a name that would mean crown of the valley, or key of the valley, or higher point of the valley, and he wanted that name to be indian. he's actually talking to people back home in indiana, and he suggested pasadena, which meant off the valley in chippewa dialect of native indians back in indiana. great name, perfectly describes the location, and it sounds beautiful and euphoric. so they chose that name and pasadena was born. los angeles and sandia real railroad came to pasadena -- san

gabriel railroad came to pasadena and it became very accessible. at this point, walter raymond, he recognized the need for luxury hospitals for tourists coming from the east to escape the winters. and he started building the first raymond hotel, the first luxury hotel in pasadena in 1883. and it was finished in 1886. that's the first raymond hotel, which, unfortunately, burned down in 1895 on easter. and the second was built in 1901. many luxuryat, hotels started springing up in pasadena. green, hotel, hotel

vista del arroyo, huntington hotel, these were all luxury hotels. and pasadena actually became a resort city where all the rich people and wealthy people were coming to spend their winters here. of course, the weather was beautiful. the climate was perfect. it was warm, but not too hot. it was dry. so it was really good weather and climate for people with any respiratory diseases. so as it in a became a place where easterners and midwesterners were coming to get away from cold winters. to the resorts. and then they started falling in love with this place, and then they started moving here, and

many of them built beautiful mansions on orange grove boulevard. actually, we are one of the grounds on one such mention, -- mansion. artist, andtriarch, very successful businesswoman. so, with influx of all his wealth, they also needed middle-class and working class people to work in the hotel industry or serve these rich people in their homes. so pasadena board of trade started actively advertising pasadena and they created beautiful things like these for

president. beautiful pasadena, california -- for pasadena. california,sadena, orange grove streets, people can find work and beautiful colorado street bridge, which was built in 1913 and it was one-of-a-kind in those days, that had a curve in it. there was no other such bridge at the time. were all these resorts, the maryland hotel. trying toalso were entice people to come to pasadena with these kind of advertising brochures and city tourists. city

luckily, most of these early settlers of pasadena, since they were from midwest and east, a lot of them more union veterans and abolitionists. brown, a famous harpers ferry leader, his sons, jason and holding, they also came to pasadena and made the hills not of pasadena their home. the early black settlers in , they faced very little discrimination and they had access to most public institutions and accommodations, which of course, changed later when people from all over united states and abroad started coming

the blacks in pasadena also started feeling discrimination and prejudice, not probably unlike any other place in the country. we the 1980's, have actually the museum reached out to the black community in pasadena and created a beautiful documentary called, "changing roads." so in the process of the many distinguished personalities and black families in the communities were identified and interviewed. and as a result, the result was the beautiful documentary and our wonderful black history collection.

1940's, the population was growing and the first black owned hotel was opened in pasadena. and like i said, it was hotel carver, the first black owned hotel. there was other businesses, as well, in the same building. there was a barbershop, a nightclub, which served cuisine. creole operated as a family business. percy carter and his son operated hotel carver. so now blacks have a place to stay when they came to pass dinner, very close to the green hotel investing a.

-- in pasadena. there were many people, important people, doing important things in the community. oil grant was one of those people. he was a real estate agent and he started family savings and hen association after cannot getat blacks any loans from the banks. so he started this bank, which was very successful. so here are some pictures of the groundbreaking for the bank. and that's the building and the building was actually built by an african-american architect called paul williams. he's a very successful architect. he was the first member of american institute of architects, and he actually had

houses oft of hollywood celebrities and other important buildings, like ymca building on 28th street in los angeles. this is a ralph riddle. he was the first police officer and he joined the force in 1946. people were trying to apply for those jobs from early on but in acting 46, he became the first police officer. the first, he became police officer. he was very successful and he these kinds of jobs for the rest of the black immunity -- black immunity. -- black community.

ralph for was also friends with ray bartlett. he came to pasadena when he was six years old and he was a product of pasadena schools. he was always at the top of his class. accoladesy awards and throughout his career and actually lifetime. sports -- four sports, all four major sports. he continued playing baseball and football at ucla with jackie robinson. he was his childhood friend and lifelong friend. ray bartlett was very accomplished man. he served in the united states

army in the second world war war. when he came back, he joined the police force with ralph riddle. it wasn't easy for them. it was difficult for police, not for the public, but they had difficulty with other police officers. but they pressed on and he served for 27 years as a police officer. and then he started working with ,auren born -- war indoor and l.a. county supervisor, as his deputy. as a publicretired information officer for los angeles fire department. mentioned, he really won a lot of awards and accolades throughout his lifetime. he also was a grand marshal at the tournament of roses and was representing jackie robinson

because he was given that honor because he was his best friend. this is not the only collection in our archives that represents minority community. there are a lot of things on other minority communities, as well, scattered throughout our collection. one great example of that israel and thisis right here, is a story of anderson and t akei. she was a teenager in the second world war. during the second world war, all japanese people of japanese ancestry were interned. and anderson furiously fought for the rights of japanese-americans during that time. he also worked with friends of

american way to bring back esther tokai so that she could be enrolled in school and would be doing what and girl her age should be doing. and he was actually successful in that endeavor. she came back to pasadena in 1944 and the anderson family, his wife and four kids, they welcomed her in their home until her own family comes back, came back to pasadena. it was very nice that she got a good reception at the school. pasadena junior college welcomed her. there were many people who welcomed her at the college. but there were also other people who didn't like that she was there. his presson wrote in

onlyse and he said that 10%, less than 10% of the people actually didn't like these actions, which actually speaks for the pasadena and's, that they were tolerant people. and actually, i would like to read this paragraph, if i could. the other complaint shows an opposition to all people of our chinese allies and our negro league verse, as well as persons of japanese ancestry. based on race is a complete denial of the principal for our soldiers are fighting for. it is not strange that tactically all of these messages were anonymous.

i have absolutely no sympathy for people in this country who deliberately tried to stir up race hatreds, as has been the case to some extent with a few of the statements in regard to iss kai, a loyal -- mr takei, a loyal american. he helped them as much as he can. -- i justlly brings want to emphasize once again that this is only a little part of our collections and we have all americans, including mexican-americans, chinese-americans. we have a collection on that, too. scattered throughout our collections, there are things on minority groups, which is,

again, part of our overall collection, which are basically on pasadena and pasadena history and art and culture and sciences. >> the pasadena robinson memorial honors brothers jackie and mack robinson, who are natives of pasadena. jackie is known of breaking the color barrier for baseball, and mack is an accomplished track athlete. now we will hear about the black history celebrations. >> we are at the jackie robinson community center, which is one of the centers that represents the robinson family, more in particular, jackie himself. there are a lot of things here and a lot of community outreach that happens here.

and that's part of the reason why we celebrate black history in the history -- in the city of pasadena. it has to do with a lot of activities. not only the activities, but some of the significant things that people in the black community have accomplished. back then, we had a recreation parks department, so it got started i to her three of the staff members. there were about four or five committee members that came together. initially, what they did was came together with the festival. we had a festival that took place across the street from jackie robinson center. there's the festival that took place there, where they had different food vendors, entertainment that came, different things for the children. the second thing, they started talking about it would be great to do a parade within the city. the following year, they implemented strategies to start

a parade. so they did that. they had a lot of entries, a lot of people who wanted to be partners with that. they continued to do outreach. they got support financially. and they were able to put together that parade. this is the longest running parade. we have not had a break in the parade. it has been ongoing in its 37th year. the biggest thing is the community we are in right now, northwest pasadena. that was my foundation and my building block of not only myself, but others within the community. again, right across the street was robinson part. that was a huge area when we were growing up that kind of that you canope obtain things, that you can be things. where a lotmarily

of the black resources and things were in the northwest area. it was spread across, but concentrated in this area. , i guess thes the caretaker, if you will, of a million others within the city. it was where you went. it was just where you were again, who you were a part of, because that was where the majority of blacks in testing a lived -- in pasadena lived. it means respect. it means leadership. it means direction. it means celebration. it means bringing people together of all cultures, all divers backgrounds, all nationalities, to ensure that it is recognized. all of the stuff that has been

done, all of the development that has been done that played a significant part in that development and making sure everybody understands that and everybody wants to come to pasadena to be a part of the great resources within the city. >> my district encompasses the west san gabriel valley city, plus the san gabriel mountains and the foothill cities at the base of the san gabriel mountains. the san gabriel mountains are now a national monument and they are very beautiful. in fact, i think they are the jewel of los angeles county. we have the huntington gardens. it is a treasure. it not only has the most beautiful gardens from around the world, it actually is the library the most precious

treasures in the art world and in history, such as the painting, the blue boy, and actual copies of the canterbury tales. but i have to tell you also, it reflects diversity because it has the most authentic chinese garden in the whole united states. they painstakingly brought pieces of garden from china and re-created it right here in the san gabriel valley. it is a site to behold. if you want to think you are walking in a garden in china, just go to the huntington gardens. but then also, does jpl. my goodness -- there's jpl. my goodness, the jet propulsion laboratory. you can call and get a tour there, but it is the site of the most amazing launches in the world. responsible ones for the rover in 2012 that ended

up being launched here and went 350 million miles to mars. [cheers] rover that landed a drives like a little jeep driving around on mars. every time they have a lunch like that with a successfully land those instruments, people from around the world tune in. and you just inspire a whole new generation of scientists to sign to get educated and to get their degrees in science, which can only help our country. talk about how this district is known. all the time when i'm talking to my fellow congress members from across the united states, what is your district?

if i say something like monterey park or rosemead, i get kind of a blank stare. but if i say is the site of pasadena and the rose parade and the rose bowl, they go ooohh. they have an instantaneous knowledge of where i am. we are known for the rose parade. after all, 47 million people watch it. that is our signature achievement. active onn very getting greater access to pass -- capital to small businesses. i got a bill passed in the house which increases access to a particular loan fund for a high-growth startup business and this fund is called the sbic, or small business investment company, guaranteed by the small business administration. have worked very hard on the opioid crisis because we see more and more senseless

opioid deaths. and, in fact, it was a resident of my district that came to me and said there is not enough quality insurance along -- among sober living. we introduced a bill signed into law just last fall that had qualities of standards for sober living homes. >> as we work to address our nation's open your crisis, it's important we address recovery in addition to treatment and prevention. addiction is a lifelong conviction. after seeking treatment, individual treatment needs stable living environments, mental health services, and pierce support to maintain sobriety. >> the opioid crisis is something that is a tremendous concern to this country. did you know that this is the leading cause of death for people under 50 at this point? these are senseless deaths and there are alternatives.

that's the thing that bothers me the most about this. prescribed away too much pain medication. people then get addicted to it. guest to themy state of the union speech is ryan hampton. he was a very promising young man, was an intern in the white house, then had a knee injury. he was prescribed in opioid and then got addicted to it. as then when he was deemed an addict to pain medication, he turned to heroin. it cost so much he ended up being homeless on the streets. he is the person that came to me with the issues right here in pasadena because he did his recovery right here in pasadena. but he was heartbroken when his best friend died of a drug overdose at a sober living home,

a death that could have been prevented. because now, we have medications that can reverse the effects of the overdose easily, but there weren't enough quality standards at the sober living homes for them to actually have that medication there. that's why i introduced a bill for the quality standard of sober living homes. i would have to say that perhaps we aren't as deeply affected as some of those small towns in the east coast and in the midwest. there are some towns over there where there are 10 times the amount of pills distributed over the population of that town. what going on there? they are just being inundated with the pills that are opioids. and that's not right. that has to stop. i like to think of this as a wonderfully diverse district that is a coalition district.

asian-american, 31% white, and 32% latinos and africans americans. people here pride themselves on getting along with others and working with one another. have worked on interreligious tolerance, and in appreciation of diversity. that's why when the muslim travel ban was first started, i took myself out that very night to the airport, to lax, to try to free those travelers who had come and had legitimate green cards but were held at the airport. i've since introduced certain bills that will stop this muslim travel ban. my most recent bill would say that there would be no federal funding for the muslim travel ban.

the president won't sign it because he's the one that is such a proponent of it. but it's an important bill to put out there to show the community, including the muslim american community, that we won't stand for this kind of senseless intolerance and these kind of horrible stereotypes that are resulting in a tax and even take -- in attacks and even hate crimes. >> do you affirm that you will support the constitution of the united states against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and you will bear true faith and allegiance to the same? that you take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that you will well and safely to start the duties on the office which you are about to enter, so help you god? >> i do. >> congratulations.

[applause] >> i actually was the first woman clinical psychologist to ever be elected to congress. then i was also the first chinese-american woman elected to congress in history. well, of course i take pride in being a clinical psychologist and being in congress as part and parcel with my desire to help people. but i also take pride in being the first chinese-american woman elected to congress. but i do reflect upon the fact that it should not have taken so long. chinese americans have been here since the 1850's. why did it take until 2009 for someone like me to be elected? it is, i believe, because we were disenfranchised by the chinese exclusion act of 1882, which was not repealed until 1943. chineseisenfranchised americans said they could not become naturalized citizens and

therefore could not vote. so it did take a long time to recover from the and to be full-fledged participants in this american democracy. i am a result of this. of them also a result toning up of democracy people of all kinds of backgrounds. i take huge pride in the last election, where we elected more women to congress than ever before. in fact, now we have more than 100 women elected to congress. we also have the greatest diversity ever in this congress. we have the first two muslim american women, the first two native american women that have been elected to congress. like i said, it shouldn't have taken so long, but on the other hand, when i was there on that day of the swearing-in, i looked

around with pride at the fact that certainly our democratic congress in the american congress has really opened up. history of the pasadena. and the fact that we have two incredible icons here, jackie and mack robinson, that actually grew up here and then went to break the color barriers. trackobinson competed in in the picks. jackie robinson broke the color barrier through his career in baseball. they kind of are a symbol of pasadena of the people who came here and made it what it is, and then who represent the changes in pasadena, the diversity in pasadena that we should be so proud of. i also really appreciate the

change that occurred in pasadena. iw, in looking at the change, would recount the history of the tournament of the roses parade. this is a parade that has been here since the 1880's. we have been over 100 year history of that parade. but it was very, very hard for people of color to break in. and what people don't realize is that an order to get onto the governing committee of the tournament of roses, you have to be an offer third year, first as a volunteer, then as a member of the committee's, then you get to be on the governing board. while it was very, very hard for people of color to go this whole some, and there were interesting and who are so

disturbed, there was a demonstration that stopped all street traffic in the street in front of the tournament of roses headquarters in 1993. surely,, slowly but the doors opened up, and i am very proud to announce that as of this last year, the first african-american was appointed as chair of the tournament of roses parade. and then this year, the first latina ever was appointed as chair of the term in of roses. -- tournament of roses. and you see their influence in the parade itself. now the parade has so much to ever city, celebrating all kinds of different cultures. now this parade is reflecting america. the doors are open to everybody including chinese americans and chinese-american women.

and it is important to get involved in government. it's important to get involved in politics. inter-ship into an -- internship or you can volunteer for a political advocacy organization. you can get involved in the campaign and experience what it is like to be involved in an election. but what i would say ultimately is that your voice is important, and if your voice is not heard, then you will be in the dustbin of history. it is important to speak up if you see something wrong. you need to be the voice that changes it. and your voice truly can count in this american democracy. our visit to pasadena, california is an american history tv exclusive, and we showed it today to injured his

youth to c-span cities tour. for eight years, we travel to u.s. cities, bringing you can watch more of our vits at c-span.org/cities tour. >> next, president trump touring a reclamation project in florida and talking about a range of issues, including border security. then remarks by kevin hassett, chair of the house counsel -- white house counsel of academic advicers and education secretary betsy devoss. president trump visited florida's lake okeechobee and the her better humpe dike. the president spoke to lawmakers about finneding for the project and discussed other subjects. this is about 15 minutes.