as many highrollers using hotels. that is not a horrible thing. this buffoonish affair where ever and was trying to get into as many parties as possible. that is still the case, but they go about it less transparently. host: we would like to thank daniel lipman for coming to talk to us about the white house correspondents association's dinner tonight. will you be at the dinner tonight? guest: i will be at the dinner in my black tie. host: thank you, daniel. we appreciate you helping us out this morning. guest: thank you. host: you can see the white house correspondents association's dinner on c-span tonight, live at 9:30 p.m. eastern time. instead of being at the white house correspondents association's dinner, donald trump will be going to green

bay, wisconsin, to hold a rally. on the phone, we have craig bureau, the washington chief for the milwaukee journal sentinel about what he expects for tonight's dinner. good morning. caller: good morning. host: instead of being at the washington correspondents dinner, president trump is coming to milwaukee, i mean green bay, wisconsin, to hold a rally. what to expect president trump to say? guest: i think it will be a typical trump campaign rally. this is his first reelection rally in wisconsin, which was a key state for him. it helped push him over the top. part of this is theatrical. a battleground region like green bay, i'm sure you will see him play off of that. i think it is good to be a

classic trump campaign rally. host: why wisconsin? what makes wisconsin so important in 2020? guest: it is important for both parties. it is probably more important for democrats because wisconsin is a state that has been voting democratic since the 1980's. when donald trump flipped those states, that was his margin for victory. if the democrats can win back those states and nothing else on the map changes, they will win the white house in 2020. wisconsin is at the epicenter of this looming campaign. it is a state that has been close for a long time. it was not close during the obama years, but three of the last five presidential elections have been decided by less than one point. it is competitive. there is a lot of change going on in wisconsin. the republican gains in the

rural areas have been offset by the democratic gains in the urban and inner suburbs. it has been a standoff. host: do we have any indication now which way wisconsin is leaning in the 2020 election? is it a tossup? guest: i think it is truly a tossup. i have been talking to a lot of smart people in both parties about this. the psychology of the state is interesting within the political world because both sides have had some really uplifting victories and some really painful defeats. wearinessind of a war an and and -- and acknowledgment that they have both been disappointed. everybody is prepared for a brutal slaw, a fierce battle different from 2016 because people thought wisconsin would

vote democratic. the democrats did not really campaign in the state. hillary clinton did not come during the general election. now everybody is prepared. everyone is going in with their eyes open that this could go either way. that is why you see the democrats holding their convention in wisconsin in milwaukee. it reminds me of 2004 when wisconsin was a top three or four state of the bush and kerry campaign. that drove turn out to an extreme level. host: when president trump turns up tonight, will there be any prominent republican politicians with him? will we see former speaker paul ryan, the former governor on stage with the president? guest: you will not see paul ryan. i'm not sure who is going to be there, but what is interesting is you don't have the same

leadership in the republican party as you did in 2016. there was a group that was known as the big three in wisconsin, which was the governor, scott soaringbriefly presidential candidacy that was eclipsed by donald trump. you had reince priebus, who had been the state republican chair and then the national republican chair. these three people brought a lot of money into wisconsin, provided leadership, helped to motivate the republican party. we have a democratic governor now because scott walker lost his reelection campaign in 2018 when the states want to the democrats in the midterms. paul ryan is gone. white priebus became house chief of staff, and now he is gone from that job.

these changes have some bearing on 2020, you don't have those national republican figures from wisconsin in the party, active in office anymore. host: democrats are also coming to the state in 2020. they are holding their democratic national convention in milwaukee. what is the state of play for democrats in wisconsin now? guest: we are seeing early visits from the people running for the democratic nomination. i think the decision to hold the convention in milwaukee, the other contenders were miami and houston. wisconsin became the obvious choice for some of the reasons we have been talking about. it is such a critical state. it is a blue wall state. it sends the signal that democrats are going to be laser focused on the industrial midwest, the blue wall states,

blue-collar voters. that is certainly the message that democrats are trying to send. wisconsin is certainly winnable for them. they won it seven times in a row before donald trump came along. by lessrump only won than a percentage point. it will not take much to tip this state to one party or the other. it is a huge priority for democrats. i don't think there is any scenario in which they could win the electoral college without wisconsin in 2020. host: do any of the democratic presidential contenders hold a particular advantage in wisconsin right now? guest: you know, it is going to be -- the wisconsin primary comes so late in the process in april. it will be significant if the race is not been decided because it is by itself, a big hole in

the calendar. stature, joe biden has like he does in other states. bernie sanders is the guy who won wisconsin primary against hillary clinton in 2016. but one of the 72 counties in the state. bernie sanders does have that. everything else is open-ended. we will have to see as the race plays out by the time he gets to wisconsin. in terms of the general election, wisconsin is a state with a big segment of blue-collar, white voters. appeal forre is some a populist candidate, but it has been voting for democrats pretty frequently since ronald reagan. barack obama was particularly popular.

the fact that donald trump wno it -- won it tells you how much the state swings. host: we would like to thank craig gilbert of the "milwaukee journal sentinel" for talking about president trump's campaign rally. thank you. you can see the make america live tonight.lly coming up come april is again is autism awareness month. toer the break, we will talk autistic self advocacy network's julia bascom and allison ratto of the center for autism spectrum disorders. we will be right back. ♪

>> tonight, president trump is holding a campaign rally in green bay, wisconsin. earlier this week, he instructed his administration to boycott the white house correspondents' dinner. watch the rally tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. following the rally kumquats live coverage of 9:30 p.m. eastern of the white house correspondents' dinner, with featured speaker, author, and historian ron chernow. wednesday at 10:00 a.m. eastern, attorney general william barr will testify before the senate judiciary committee -- muellerer report, on thursday, he will testify before the house judiciary committee, live on c-span3, c-span.org, and listen on the free c-span radio app.

we move onto this spring court, can i do say the 10 topics of what you really need to know, and here we go, foundations,wn -- federalism, public opinion, participation, political arteries, interest groups, campaign and elections, congress, the president, and courts. those are the big 10. the entire test covers those 10 topics. >> are you a student preparing for the advanced placement united states government and politics exam? do not miss your chance to be part of "washington journal" annual cram for the exam program on saturday, may for the 9:00 am eastern for a live discussion with high school teachers and zucchini and and daniel larson. >> our question is about long rolling and why it is significant three. oflogrolling is a concept

vote trading, if you need to get a bill passed, it is quick role will. you have this project, the other as this project, and if you add that earmark, you will get more. that is logrolling. >> watch "washington journal's" annual cram for the exam on saturday, apri may 4 on c-span. >> "washington journal" continues. autism awareness month come and we have two guests with yesterday who will talk to us about what autism awareness month and the treatment and what we can do about autism. allison, art with psychologist at the center for autism spectrum disorders at the children's national health system. allison, thank you for being here. guest 1: thank you for having me. is withd julia bascom

the autistic self advocacy network. julia, tell us what your organization does. guest 2: it is run by and for people with developmental disability. our motto is nothing about us without us, so it is about being comfortable being a part of that conversation. host: tell us about what your system does. guest 1: we are in the washington, d.c. area, in our clinic works specifically to support children with autism spectrum disorders and their families through first and foremost diagnosing them and assessing them but also providing statement services and guidance for families. host: a question for both of you. tell us exactly what autism , when it isorder is first diagnosed, and what are some of the signs and symptoms?

guest 1: sure. autism spectrum disorder is a neural condition, meaning there is something that they are born with, there is no cure for it, and it does not go away. it affects how the individual learns and interacts with the world for metal we see that primarily for two ways. versus social communication differences, so as language delays, difficulty with reading, social cues, engaging with conversation, difficulty with imaginary play and building friendships with others throughout the lifespan. the other areas we see being impacted her what we like to call restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests. i often call them the little quirks for talking to families, things like repetitive movements of your body, having very strong and passionate interests, having an inability to focus on details, and differences in the sensory system and how differently things are experienced, and we see a

preference for things saying the same way and doing the same things over and over again. guest 2: what we would say if there are lots of different ways to have a brain, and autism is one of those different ways to have a brain. allison gave a good overview about how diagnosticians talk about it. autistic people, what it is really like for the world, we experience differently. different, to be something's might be intense and overwhelming, which can then lead to the things that narrow typical -- narrow typical people peopleoneurotypical notice, so you just see the world very differently. host: explain how the understanding of this has changed over the years. i am sure that we understand more about it now than we did in the past, but how has this changed over the years?

guest 1: we're much better identifying autism that we were 10 years ago. autism did not really start get getting diagnosed more frequently until the 1990's. we all know people in their lives to might not have known they were autistic or if you have made jokes about adults living in their parents they smit, if you know someone who did not talk, that was probably an autistic person. as we talk with people, we help them to know that that is another fault, they just experience the world differently, and we are able to connect them with support to be able to live a good life. guest 1: and we have really expanded the spectrum, the way we have talked about it, over the past several decades, particularly in the past two to three decades to when autism was presented by the 1940's and 1950's, we thought about it as being very specific, showing up primarily in children who had pretty significant language delays and impairments and existing only in people who

really could not interact socially in any way. have started to understand more about autism, we understand it is a much broader condition, so it can exist in people who are in fact very verbal and highly intelligent, not just people with intellectual disabilities or severe language delays, we understand that that it can look different across different groups. a girl with autism may look very different than a boy with autism. someone who comes from an ethnic minority background or who is bilingual might manifest their autism a little bit differently as well. host: one of the things we have already talked about is that people who are teens, we talk about people who live in their basements, how has the public perception of autism changed over the years, or has it? guest 1: so it has changed a bit. we definitely have the awareness part of autism awareness month up, but what we are trying to move into his autism acceptance

month, and that is where we have a lot of work to do, and that is where organizations like julia's soe in, and they are important about helping to change it is about autism, not just as a social disorder but a different way of being in the world. guest 2: i think when we think about how the perception of autism has changed is people have heard the word autism now, but they do not always have accurate information. i think a lot of people see autism is something that a four-year-old boy has, and he does not talk and is often the corner by himself. and the reality is autism changes as we grow up. so we still need people to understand that and to move beyond what knowing autism is and how to support autistic people as opposed to being able to pick us out on the street. host: how many people in the united states have autism? i know we are talking about a spectrum, but are there hard numbers here? guest 1: absolutely. the cdc tracks this constantly.

they have been doing this in the late 1990's, more or less, and right now our best estimate are about one in 68 children, so between 1% in 2% kids in our meeting criteria for autism spectrum disorder and being identified through the medical system or the school system. what we also know as it continues to be under identified as underdiagnosed in certain groups, which is girls, children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and ethnic minority groups here in the u.s., as well as abroad. estimateare many who the numbers are a little closer to 2% rather than 1%. host: the current statistics four timesboys are more likely to be identified as autistic than girls. if that because it is so hard to identify it in girls, for that we have not figured out what it looks like in girls, or is there some kind of gender differences? either one of you. guest 1: we don't know. [laughter] guest 1: we know that we miss

girls. girls have to show more autistic traits before they get diagnosed and an hour.govcriteria -- our diagnosed in criteria are based off of boys. it is hard to say "this is the ratio. " guest 1: there is some research that suggests that while the official ratio is four to one, the actual ratio is people who informedith under criteria, we know there is a really different said it is unlikely that the ratio is one to one -- we know there are not that many -- boys are more susceptible to neurological is likely thatit there are more boys than girls, but it is al also likely that we are missing or girls. host: and if there is there ethnic disparity?

guest 1: yes. it should be equivalent across different minority groups. what we know here in the u.s. is the actual rates of diagnoses differ quite a bit, with it being most commonly diagnosed in white children and significantly less often diagnosed in black children and in latinx or hispanic children are for asian american children, it is a real mixed bag. for all the different years cvc has been tracking it, there are estimates that they have been able to generate the national estimate. so depending where you are in the aus, if you're an asian american child, you may be more likely to be diagnosed or less likely than white children to be diagnosed. are not exactly sure why that is. we believe it has to do with the family'se and ability and knowledge to seek that care outcome of the other

part has to do with us as clinicians and our ability to recognize what autism looks like in children with different backgrounds. guest 2: i would just add that when we talk about diagnostic disparities, we are talking about frequency but also age, so people of color and women were often more likely to be diagnosed later, and that is a problem because the later on in life we get without a diagnosis, the less likely people are to believe you are a statistic. it is a real catch-22. it makes it harder to access services. sure ourwant to make viewers join the conversation, and we will open a special line survey. if you're in a family that is ifling with autism, or ar you are an individual dealing with autism yourself, we want to hear from you. we what you call in at (202) 748-8000. once again, if you are in a family dealing with autism, or you're dealing with altered yourself, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8000. everybody else, anybody else to

want to comment, we want to hear from you as well. we have a line for you. it is (202) 748-8001. once again, for everyone else, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8001. and keep in mind, we always reading on social media, on twitter @cspanwj and on facebook at facebook.com/cspan. ,o let's go to our first caller who is going to be michelle, who is calling from wisconsin. michelle, good morning. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. autistic.severe he is now 26, but when, i think the one lady on your program mentioned about clinicians and stuff, getting the right diagnosis, my son was a preemie, that about two, i noticed he was going backwards in development. at first he would try to do one and play with

toys and stuff, and then all of a sudden, that just stopped. his vocabulary completely stopped, he stopped playing with toys, he was having more anxiety , that kind of frustrations and stuff, so when i took him into our doctor, he just said, well, he was a preemie, so it is going to take him a while to catch up. and i said well, i do not think that is it. i think that we need to have him see a behavioral specialist, a a hearingcialist, and specialist, because i think there were some things going on there. he said no, we will give it more time. i did not feel comfortable with that, so i went ahead and call our insurance company to see if i needed a referral for those specialists, and they said no caps on went ahead and set up those o appointments. hearing,ay of speech,

they give back to the room and right, andpicion was he was severe autistic, and he would have very many difficulties going forward because of the severity of his autism. so i would encourage parents who a bat, at an early age, that there is something wrong, to not always listen to the doctor, listen to the gut and the heart, because something might be wrong there that might have been missed. and also for parents who are now getting their young children diagnosed, besides the social security disability that they do get, which is, oh, it is based on parent's income until they turn 18, before they get the full disability amount, is there programs to help parents with autism, because there are a lot of needs that they are going to need, sensory, the toys,

things like that, which, even , like with my son, he will only wear specific close, and that is it. they have got to be all caught in. if you cannot find clothes with all cosan, they will not wear them. same with tax. -- tags. could you give people of their information about programs that might help them besides just getting social security disability for purchasing major items? i know some autistic kids love to swing. and they canaxed, just kind of like other frustrations fallout of them. well, those items are quite you have, so, um, if any more information on that, and thank you so much for taking my call. host: julia? guest 1: there are a few

programs that people can look at. unfortunately, our society does not do a good job of supporting children with autism and their families. but there are some things you can look at. there is a new program called able account that allows families and individuals to set-aside money the same way you went for a college fund, and then that money is tax-free, and that can be used to purchase of women and other support. i would encourage families to up. that every state has a developmental disabilities council, and they can connect you to resources specific to your state. a lot of states have programs that can help with that kind of thing. the main payer for services in the united states is medicaid. a lot of people think you're below income to be on medicaid. it is generally true, but if you have aid, most states way for you to get on, even if your parents earning more, if you have a disability. i encourage parents to look at that, too. host: win the caller broad officer dr. did not -- one thing

the caller brought up is her doctor did not give a diagnosis. if you do not think your provider is giving you the information and support that you need, what do you do? guest 1: this story is a common story. i hear it a lot from families. the caller west describing a phenomenon called diagnostic overshadowed, which means we look at the biggest thing that is there, and we fail to see something else that might be going on here to begin sees a child that is premature and thanks there is nothing else that could be going on. often, families do tell us "i talked to my pediatrician, and he told us to wait, and that is why i am here now." often is need for anxiety in different action computer are catching on.

very often they are catching on, very often they have with the parent is describing, calling and seeking out services. things to look for, first and foremost, the language delay. children who are not using single words by something like 12 to 15 months, children who are not using phrases by 18 to 24 months, those of the groups that are most likely to be identified as being on the autism spectrum. also, if you see your child failing to point to communicate with you, failing to make eye contact, not engaging in social games with the light peekaboo, or generally having difficulty regulating their system, getting overwhelmed easily, having a lot of tantrums, when the terrible twos seem to start early and never end, that can sometimes be a child on the autism spectrum. host: one of the things that we see from data is that there are places in america that we have more prevalence of

the type of cases than others. is that because of something environmental, or is it just because of data reported? guest 2: i can see that you are looking at the cdc's interactive map. we actually talk to the cdc about this, because it really is about what states have better systems of identification, but they do not explain that on the website, some people look at it and get confusing become concerned. i want you to know it is mostly about the programs the state has in place to identify people and refer people. so don't panic if the ceo, my gosh, my state has one in 50, it is just that your state is better at identifying folks. it is really about identification. guest 1: it is important to know that we looked at a range of environmental factors that have been proposed as a cause for autism, and none of them have them consistently supported by the research as of yet. also important to remember that

autism is a no developmental condition, it is something a child is born with. it is not contagious, you do not acquire it, so moving to a state with a high rate is not going to change your child to artistic. host: linda is calling. good morning, jesse, and good morning, c-span. jesse, before i get started, i want to tell you that iowa's look forward to seeing you on saturday morning. you write in your mind -- you brighten my day. host: thank you. [laughs] caller: you are welcome. i have been married to a long time to somebody who -- i am nervous, excuse me, a family member believes is on the autism spectrum, but he has gone foragnosed, and it has made a very difficult marriage, so i say. so i was wondering if your guests could address the people

on the autism spectrum that have gone undiagnosed and the difficulties that this can present in what should be intimate, you know, relationships and marriage and family relationships. if somebody could address that, that would be great. it has been a difficult situation for a long, long time. host: julia? guest 2: i am sorry that you are having difficulties. the reality is most autistic adults do not know that they are autistic. if we learn at the right time and people were getting diagnosed more frequently, it is very unlikely that we will know you're. autism is a disability that people often struggle and do not know why, they do not know what apply, theyo

may have other diagnosis, and then may have problems with relationships right now. there are a few things you can do. our website, autistic advocacy.org has a resource that we designed for people who are newly diagnosed or wondering if they are autistic, as we find it sometimes resonates with people. often times are adults, they often bring their child into get diagnosed, and they get diagnosed as well, for a family member will notice well, your brain really seems to work differently, you you need to talk to somebody about that. it can be really hard to get a diagnosis, especially if you are an adult, but if you are wondering, it is worth looking into. guest 1: definitely. and we know autism spectrum disorder is, at its core, a difference in to make asian styles, and it is different from -- and different medications silent, and it is different from 98% of the population. we have success stories,

autistic people who have gotten married either on or boff the autism spectrum. i always encourage families that, if this is coming up, often we will hear parents say "well, i think myself is autistic, too," and it makes communication difficult. the thing that can generally work, couple counseling, and that can also work for narrow diverse couples. , it is a very positive story, but b, we have seen stories of one or both people who are sharing their experiences. want to askeas i about. the first area is -- our schools doing enough to help children who are autistic? and the second question could actually come from one of our who says "law enforcement know little to

autism, andt encounters with police by those on the spectrum can quickly get out of there and become a quick legal or even deadly program. enforcement know enough about autism, and what should we know about the law and the legal areas to help people with autism deal with these, julia? guest 2: i would say the answer to both is no schools are doing their best with limited resources, but the reality is we know autistic is an alternative disabilities thrive in classrooms with the right support. a lot has not made that and are still trying to educate autistic kids and other disabilities separately, which means we miss out on academics, social interactions, etc. there are some great local resources that work on the. the one that comes to mind is inclusive education here in d.c., but there are efforts to change that. there are a lot of autistic kids

that are nonspeaking or have limited speech. it is important to get access to a communication div device early. host: a communication device. what are we talking about? guest 2: i should have brought mine in with me. basically a device where it set of having to speak words with your mouth, you can use the device for to do it for you. or using sign language, if you have exit on your phone, you have technically used a communication device. [laughter] host: right. let's talk about the legal justice area. what should be done, what is being done, and what more should be done? right now, one of the biggest issues come as julia noted, is a lot of the adolescents and adults do not actually know that they are autistic. there are not enough studies on this, but we know there is an entire portion of autistic and otherwise disabled people in our prisons than are out there r society, and often that

is because of social misunderstandings that autistic people may, if not properly supported, be taken advantage of or be misunderstood or engage in a behavior that is not intended to be harmful but is perceived that way, like stalking, if they are interested in someone. so they are much more likely to have the egg of interactions with law enforcement and then struggle because their communication is not properly supported, to communicate with law enforcement. so the important thing to know is that there are law-enforcement agencies that are working on this, that are trying to get themselves trained and to learn more about this. there is a great group here in the d.c. area that is escaping my memory right now, the name of it, but there are active efforts on this to try and train law enforcement and help them learn to better engage with people with disabilities and their families. i would say if you are a family member of someone with disabilities, supporting them in learning how to be comfortable around law-enforcement and

knowing how to communicate with them to escalate and in a calm -- successfully in a calm manner is a way to do your part. host: would you advise calling your local police department saying hey, my child, yes or no? i think i see two different answers here. guest 2: it is complicated. training families and officers on how to interview people and support people, especially people who are seeking justice, those who are under questioning, but what we see repeatedly is it does not get that far. of policeof victims violence are people with disabilities, especially people with autism or mental health disabilities. we have also seen agencies that have had extensive training, so in florida, a support person was shot, happened in a department that had won awards for the quality of their training. so we think training can be helpful, but it also needs to be

paired with accountability and a larger discussion about police violence in our country. so i would assess that first. my organization gets really worried about telling law nnforcement that a autistic person lives in a certain place because of historical problems, and also because we think that should be a choice of the individual. it is really about your individual circumstances and your individual family. i think this is where white families probably have different experiences. guest 1: i would encourage families to look into project lifesaver. this is the program i could not remember the name of. this is important for not speaking individuals and young children who may be prone to wandering, where it may help them with tracking and with general safety things, alerting community members, letting your neighbors know hey, if you see my child out alone and they are not with me, that is not something that is safe for them right now, so please help me identify them, let me know if you see my child, and helping families identify strategies that can help keep their child

thingsthin their home, like hive box that children cannot reach, so it hopefully does not get to that letter -- level. community involvement is really important. let's get to walter, who is calling from new jersey. walter, good morning. caller: good morning. how are you doing, jesse? host: i am doing good, go ahead. caller: how are you doing, ladies? most are not questions while i was on the line, but i have a grandniece and a grandchild that has autism, but they both live in another state. host: go ahead. what is your question here, walter? caller: i said you answered most of my questions. [laughter] host: oh, yes you did, didn't you? caller: what i want to add to it if i am calling from new jersey, and a lot of people consider new

a basket case, but my relatives to have it has no connection with new jersey, other than their parents are from the state. guest 2: that is what we have talked about, new jersey is one of the state's best that identify a autistic people, so they think oh, my gosh, they have a lot, but what is important is that there is a well published study used for a long time as sort of the official prevalence rate of autism that came out of new jersey,, we have researchers traveling as far away as south africa and having south africans communicate to them that the prevalence rate in south africa was what it was, so important to know that sometimes we can take one data point and make it --

host: one of the concerns that brought up is the cost of having to deal with autism, in fact, from "business insider," we have this, in the united states, kids and teens at with autism have medical bills that are on average $4110, more peersive than their every year. in addition to medical care, behavioral therapies and other can cost anywhere from 40,000 to 60,000 dollars per child per year. where can people go to get help, allison? an enormousis problem, and as julia said, the first of getting your child identified. if you think they are on the spectrum and they do not have an official diagnosis, there are many insurance companies that autism their views but will not cover it without that diagnosis first being in

place. i always encourage families to look into local family and parent or invasions. --en they have connections organizations. often they have connections like family move movie knight and otr support that can be useful to families, but it is a problem, and there is not a support out there -- not enough support out there. host: julia. guest 1: the therapies -- guest 2: the therapies are often expensive, $40,000 a week. and a lot are traumatizing. focused on making your. blend in as opposed to meeting your needs. what we recommend is avoiding therapies that are labeled as "autism therapy." a lot of generic support like speech therapy and occupational therapy, as are for kids would love the different kinds of therapies.

it is important to also remember that what goes into this number is not autism-specific therapies in the general character that there are quite a few what we call genetic hitchhikers that go along with autism come as of the people with autism have a higher rate of what we call co-occurring conditions of muscle this could be things like anxiety, gastrointestinal problems, specific allergies that would require additional special medical care, and often medical specialists do not have special training at with autism that helps them interact with families and specific needs that children and adults may have. host: let's talk to renée, who is coming from maryland. renée, good morning. caller: good morning. yes, so i have -- i work in a high school, and i do some diagnostic things, so i have a question, specifically to i think ms. ratto, if you could give some insights or even some referrals, because what i see you guys just talked about, the

comorbidity, i see kids who come in who are presenting, who you are not quite sure of the autism, they start to display different behaviors, like i have a child i work with who is highly emotional, so he has difficulty controlling his emotions in a school setting, and another child who is doing a , so it can-taught be something different. my question really is -- can you refer me to something from a diagnostic perspective, or if you even have some seminars that you perform that i would love to come to that could shed some light, because i cannot think of the name of the formal assessment, but it is the one geared for kids on the autism spectrum, i cannot think of the name of it. that is question number one, and question number two, quickly, is do you have any referrals for teaching and reading comprehension skills? because i have a lot of english teachers and the high school setting who are, concrete information that the children can get, but when you start

shifting to abstract, which is a concept most high school kids struggle with anyway, but particularly kids on the spectrum, they have difficulty shifting from concrete to abstract. if you can get help with those, i would greatly appreciate it. thank you so much for the work that you do. nice guest 1: to talk to a local pure the tool i believe you are referring to is the observation diagnostic schedule, or the ados. we often treat it like a magic tool. have children that who are referred to me because they need the ados, and interest companies are requiring it, and developers will say it is not a blood test for autism, it is not a magic tool, it is a great system for learning more about an individual's communication skills, but it does not work for people out there.

there is no one magic test, nothing that will replace good, clinical training. i think schools are an important for an initial screening and starting to identify those things, but when you recognize that a child's complexity is outside of the we also what a school can do and encourage families to look and providers of wealth to look into the local clinical researches, so here in us here atd children's national as well as our colleagues at the -- up the street at kennedy creek or is to institute. copperheadsading and skills, speech therapy program that i like quite a bit .s the social banking they have different curriculum forstudents at a variety the school setting. they do a nice job of trying to support kids in developing, successfully interacting with their peers, understanding

abstract language and understanding that their difference is not something that is inherently wrong with them or .hat in and of itself host: is autism a big enough conversation in politics, politics, for state legislatures in towns, and we need to have more conversations among our politicians? if so, what should they be doing? my second question is a lot of what we are talking about involves a conflict between family units and between husbands and wives and relatives. what if you are not a family member? and if you are a teacher, moving outside of the schools, what if you think a close friend or a coworker is identifying on what shouldow shoul

you do and how? guest 2: autism is discussed but not unhelpful ways. we see legislatures talking about vaccinations, causation, around creating state-based registries as opposed to investing. at the national level, there is isot of discussion about there a cause, is there a way to prevent people like me from existing, as opposed to ways we can communicate better. studies should be how we can make lives better and things like that, so that is are policieshere about autistic people in general pure we already talked about service funding. there is a bill called the act,ng all students safe restraints of public schools, something autistic children are disproportionately affected by.

and another act that would make it illegal to pay people less than minimum wage, which is actually still legal in 2019. there is another campaign that my advocacy as been working on asking theptheshock, fda to ban a device that delivers electrical shocks as a form of behavior modification. it is worse than a bell caller. your facial expression is correct. so we are talking about things like that. i you're not a family member, think the most important thing is to make sure you are someone who is safe to communicate with and who is looking to include evil who are different from you. one of the problems -- include people who are different from you. one of the problems we encounter is not oh, you are autistic, i don't like you, i will discriminate against you, what we encounter is people who get a weird wibe, and they do not make eye contact, and they do not want to hang out with us, and that adds up over time and turns into discrimination.

ask yourself if you might have some unconscious bias, if there is someone who you think might worthistic, i think it is suggesting if you're close to that person, but most importantly, you want to be a person who is accepting, because they do not have a lot of those people in their lives. covered i think julia the bases, but i would because this about telling a coworker they are autistic. though if you work in an engineering office, there is a good chance that you or yourself are. and some of those function really well. one of the things that is a real joy in my life as i get to work with julia quite a bit, and we talked a lot about if she were thatme to my workplace, might not work so well, but i would also be wildly disrupted in her office. one of the things is recognizing the different cultures in our various workplaces, various community settings, and how we can be more inclusive and adapt some of our styles of

communicating, if you have a hard time communicating, we might build up resentments, maybe make snide comments of someone being autistic, "that person is on the spectrum," or communicating, hey, i feel uncomfortable when you stand so close to me. would you step back a little bit? most people would be ok with that advice. host: let's go to ron, who is calling from new hampshire. ron, good morning. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. findingquestion about resources in my area here. before i get to that, i want to make a quick, devout comorbidity. you were talking about comorbidity of people with autism. i do not think it is genetic. if you took someone who is neurotypical, and you put them in a society where 98 percent of the people ostracize m, i guarantee

they will develop anxiety and depression, so the comorbidity i think is more the way society treats people with autism. resources herer in new hampshire. dartmouth medical center here i live here at my whole life without even realizing i had autism. i did not suspected, get any help at all cured i do not know if they do not have any or what the all, situation is, if they are just being bigoted against autism. i do not know what it was. i have lived my whole life with autism. i had to diagnose myself with it. to.e was no one to go i understand there are resources for children but not for adults. i mean, i would also like to be

involved in advocacy, too. there are no groups around that help out. so i am from new hampshire. so hello. i wanted to say first of all that i think you're right, autistic people experience a lot of trauma. we have much higher rates of abuse. it is difficult for me to identify someone with autism with ptsd than without. in new hampshire, there are a few groups i can point you to cure there is a group called an new hampshire that is a combination of people with family membersd with all kinds of disabilities. they will probably be able to tell you where their family een diagnosed. it has been a while since i have been in new hampshire, so i would recommend them. there is also, new hampshire has a developmental disabilities council.

that is actually where i got started in advocacy. there is also disability rights new hampshire and the university of new hampshire. those are all places i would reach out to and see where they could. connect you. guest 1: i think it is important to point out that this caller's experience is by no means unique. there are many who have gone their whole life without being diagnosed, and even those who have been diagnosed early, the transition to adulthood. we have health care professional siloed is to working with children or working with adults, and autism has been very much put into the child category, if someone has autism training, it is likely that most of it is with children and adolescents. families and individuals expect the transition to adulthood, it is often described as falling off a cliff, where suddenly services are gone. even routine medical care, well person visits or a struggle to get through, because there are

just not autism-informed providers. that is a real call for us in the health-care system to think about our training and the fact that autistic children to become autistic adults. host: real quick, one of the things that we talked about several times is that a parent brings a child and for the assistant spectrum, and parents diagnosed. is this genetic? both: yes. [laughter] guest 2: we know that there is a much higher rate of autism in twin siblings, and siblings, in cousins, in parents, so it is about double the rate of autism withu have a sibling autism. parents, we do not have super reliable rates yet, because for so long, we had determined that autistic people do not get married and do not have children. as it turns out, they do. guest 2: [laughs] guest 1: so we are still developing the research to understand that, but yes, it absolutely runs in families, and there is a major component. orst 2: autistic traits

human traits, so everyone has autistic traits to some extent or another. mike i am playing with a fidget toy, but if you ever bounce your fingers, you do the same think it about 10% of the five nation have autistic traits but might not be autistic themselves, so that is also something we see in families. parents might say "i did not even realize there is something with my kid, because i do it myself." host: let's go to monique, who is calling from alabama. monique, good morning. go ahead. caller: ok, my mother in louisiana called me to tell me this program is on. i nott a soccer game, so exactly sure what the whole program is about, because i missed the introduction, but i am, i have a child that is a years old with autism that was diagnosed at 28 months of age, and they told me you would have

to work with him 25 hours a week, one-on-one, or his iq might not get higher, or he might not be able to go to college, all of these things. scaryas thrown into this thing, and if i do not do everything that i can, my child is not going to make it. well, i became a massage therapist to become the 51st the united states for sensory training for autism's treatment, so i want to tell all of these parents out there there is a home-based program that you , minutes daily that is tapping impressing on the meridian pathways that is a improvement treatment that will heal the sensory impairment on your child. this was created by dr. louisa silva, a medical doctor, a

chinese medical doctor who has a mastersealth degree, a and that, and she says that sense of touch is even more important than hearing and sight, and it develops completely at 20 weeks in utero, where your site develops more like after you are born, so if you do not put glasses on your youror hearing aid in ear, you cannot correct the problem. site are asking children to still when they have a sensory impairment with touch or anything, so this massage actually relaxes the nervous system and get the correct messages to the brain. it is phenomenal. child is severe, he is moderate within five months. there are two treatments -- applied behavioral analysis and sensory training. host: i see you shaking your head.

let me get your response quickly before we run out of time. guest 2: there is no evidence to support this treatment. when parents are diagnosed, it is a scary thing, and they are not connected with supportive resources. job, sometimes i talk to the friend of a friend of a colleague who just has been diagnosed, and by the time i talked to this person, i am the 30th person they talk to, and i am always the first person to say it is ok, your kid is going to be fine, they are the same kid they were when they were diagnosed, you do not have to give up. on a single dream we do not know what is possible. living greatple life every single day. you could do therapy every week, but you also do not need to be afraid. i know clinicians like allison make that a big worry for exactly this kind of reason. guest 1: i would encourage all families out there to consult the association of autism treatment website.

they are a nonprofit, independent organization that does a really great job of staying up-to-date on autism treatment than providing him with with the scientific information they need in order to make informed decision, and they do it in a way that is family-friendly and a way that is respectful for families. they are not dumbing it down, but they are respectful. host: this caller talked about massages, and we have also had a couple of internet viewers suggests ketogenic diets. you can find anything on the internet. are there things parents -- should parents should look out for, misinformation out there that they should know up front that when you hear this, it is not real? guest 2: if anyone is telling you that they can cure your child or recover them or make them better, they are selling something. another good resource that we recommend to families focuses a lot on connecting families to real resources of the thinking does the guy to autism.

they have a big presence and an archive of many years, and it was created by a parent who was conned by this pseudoscience. guest 1: won with a medicine is when there is no cure, there are 1000 treatments, and 999 are no good. not that many. but i have heard everything from the ketogenic diet to fiji water. i tell parents the next rumor that get started needs to be started is goldfish crackers, something that is an. all of these solutions tend to be very expensive. host: let's go to mary, who is calling from new jersey. mary, good morning. caller: hi. program ifd for this it is helping me recognize my failures. i am a 60 something-year-old person with a friend of a 33-year-old or so young man, i

met seven years ago. i am realizing my lack of knowledge has made me a less than supportive friend i want to be. because he is me, supporting, very much outgoing young man, and he has been so kind and helpful to me, and i am afraid that my lack of knowledge has made me less than that to him, especially through difficult times, like he is going through right now. the two main areas that have really occurred to me is very long ago, i used to work with developmentally disabled people, and i met a young woman who was autistic, and all those things, nonverbal. all my life, i thought well, autistic people, they did not speak, they did not interact, they sat in the corner and played with a plate. opposites man is exact

of that but i've recently, like within the last two weeks, realized that this disorder, they can also be so social, and these people can correct me if i am wrong, but they can actually put themselves in danger, especially if they are young kids, they could just walk up, "oh, i like your truck," "well, let's get in." you mean he is autistic, he is a social butterfly? can bean see he handicap, and he has been such a wonderful friend, and the difficult times he is going through right now, his family is giving him great support, but i was not understanding that support, because i am thinking, he is a 33-year-old man. why does he need people with him while his family member is going for a difficult tim?

and all i can say is boy, oh, not thet has made them kind of -- make me not the kind of friend to him that he has been to me. learned how little, and i desperately want to learn more, because he is a very wonderful young man. guest 2: thank you. yeah, it is important to know that autistic people, it is not about actions, it is about difference. autistic people can be and often are really good friends, and even people who are not speaking or seem really aloof are able to connect in the right way. think it matters if you did not get it right in the past, i think what is important is having an understanding and empathy for people when you know. host: let's talk to martin from salem, oregon. caller: can you hear me? host: yes, go ahead. caller: it is a long story. i will try to make it short. host: we only have a few minutes

left. caller: my son is 23. he is on the streets now care it once he was out of high school, i could not do anything, in his behavior, they took him to jail, solitary confinement, and they will not give him permanent inpatient anywhere, and now he is just on the streets. he gets beat up and everything. that is where he ended up. i have been working on it since he was a baby. there is nothing i can do. he is 23. host: suggestions for her. guest 1: again, this is unfortunately reflective of the fact that states have not invested in adult services and especially community-based services. a lot of people think states they need to be institutionalized, which is not true. a lot of autistic adults are homeless because of that institution failure. guest 1: this is part of the movement that started in the 1960's, let's take individuals

out of institutions and let them live in communities and be happy, participating members. then what did we do? we took that money spent on institutions and failed to invest in community services. host: real quickly, allison, tell us where people can get more information about your organization. guest 1: if you look at the center for autism spectrum disorders, at children's hospital, put that in your favorite search engine, that will come up right away and give you information to other resources. host: julia, where can people go? guest 2: autisticadvocacy.org. host: perfect. this was a great conversation. i appreciate y'all coming in for it. really appreciate it. both: thank you so much. host: tomorrow, on "washington journal" we will have young guns co-founder and black matters' miles will discuss gun provision in the

african-american community. once again, stick with us tomorrow. will beton journal" back on at 7:00 a.m. thanks again, and have a great saturday. captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy, visit ncicap.org] >> here is a look at some of the c-span programs scheduled for today. next, ron shaich, founder and former ceo of panera bread speaks at the national press club. after that, f.b.i. director christopher wray on his agency's role in protecting the u.s. from international threats. and supreme court justice stephen breyer is interviewed innerworkings,s current cases, and proposals by some democratic presidential

candidates to overhaul and expand the court. following justice breyer, a forum on the 2019 social security trustees report. president trump is voting a campaign rally in green bay, wisconsin, skipping the annual white house correspondents dinner. earlier this week he instructed his administration to boycott dinner. watch live coverage of the president's rally tonight at c-span.. eastern on following the rally, watch live coverage at 9:30 p.m. eastern of the white house correspondents dinner, with featured speaker, author and historian, ron churn out. .- ron chernow on monday, former vice president joe biden kicks off his presidential campaign with a pittsburgh. watch live monday starting at 3:30 p.m. on c-span3, online, or

listen live on our free radio app. announcer: once come a tv with simply three giant networks in a government supported service called pbs. then in 1979, a small network rolled out a big idea. let viewers decide all on their them.at was important to c-span opened the doors to washington policymaking for all to see, bringing you unfiltered content from congress and beyond. in the age of power to the people, this was true people power. in the 40 years since, the landscape is clearly changed. there is no monolithic media. broadcasting has given way to narrowcasting. youtube stars are a thing. but c-span's big idea is more relevant today than ever. no government money supports c-span. its coverage of washington is funded as a public service to your cable or satellite provider. on television and online, c-span is your unfiltered view of government so you can make up

your own mind. ♪ >> next, panera bread founder ceo ron shaich talks about the business model of the company, executive compensation, and the responsibilities of business executives to their employees and their community. he spoke at the national press club. employees and the community. in >> good afternoon, everyone and welcome to the national press club, the place where news happens. i am alison fitzgerald kojak, the health policy correspondent at npr news, and the 112th president of the national press club. we are pleased to welcome today's headline speaker, the founder and former ceo of panera bread. but before we begin, i would t