about congressional committees, state governors, and the cabinet. the 2019 congressional directory is a handy, spiral-bound guide. order your copy from the c-span online store for $18.95. secretary of state mike pompeo travel to finland, where earlier today he spoke in an arctic council meeting about u.s. policy in the region, and discuss the current role of china and russia in the arctic. this is 20 minutes.

>> i grew up in southern california, which claims to be the happiest place on earth, but you have to have the trademark. thank you to the foreign minister. thank you to foreign minister mickelson, the admixture -- and mr.. lots of city leaders from this special place. i am looking forward to my stay here. thank you for your hospitality, i am touched by your warm welcome. this is the second time i have visited, but i really feel like i am among friends. the finished people have a tradition of hospitality for americans. i love the story of eleanor roosevelt and her visit to this city to check on your postwar reconstruction progress. it was short notice and they wanted to have a special place for her arrival, said they had an architect design a cap an

overnight and mobilize their best construction crew to mobilize and build the place. her plane touched down just as the outer door was being fit in. the cabin still stands today. so as it can see, we have been friends for an awfully long time. , the u.s., you have a pair of nation celebrating our 100th year of diplomatic relations. we have a lot to look back on, and a great deal to look forward to come and i want to speak about our future today, not just about our bilateral future but our future in this region. and what better place to do it than to have the opportunity to participate in the arctic council. it is an honor together with fellow members of seven other nations here, with about indigenous people. and i'm not the first energy of state in recent memory to participate in the arctic council proceedings, and you can be sure i will not be the last. i might be the first to give a

major address outside of the formal proceedings. i wanted to do so because of the importance of what i came here for transcends any one form. the world has a long magnetic pull towards the arctic, but never more so than today. for reasons i'll explain in a moment, this has become an arena for power and competition. and the arctic states must adopt this new feature. -- adapt to this new feature. in its first decades, the arctic council has focused exclusively on scientific collaboration, all cultural matters, on environmental research, all-important themes, very important, and we should continue to do this. but no longer do we have that luxury of the next 100 years. we are entering a new age of strategic engagement in the arctic, complete with new threats and to all of our interests in the region.

before we set out for the formal council meetings, i want to give a voice to a sense of what is at stake and what i think we can do together about it. let's start with the most fundamental principle, the the u.s. is an arctic nation. but even before the purchase of alaska, our interests stretched back centuries. indigenous peoples have lived in the arctic for generations, well before there was an american to speak of. rs the 1730's, winter -- whale from new england traveled the davis strait between canada and greenland. in the 1800s, explores were celebrities. the from procession for one of them, alicia kent king, was said to be the second-largest of the century, bested only by the lincolns. and i left it was purchased by the u.s. in 1857 and the deal was completed by the secretary of state william seward. after he retired, he wasted -- he was asked, what is the

greatest conservation he made during his long and distinguished career. momentto pause for one to say that the purchase of alaska was his most important undertaking, "bu it willt take the country a generation to truly appreciate that." now here we are, multiple generations later. this is our time to appreciate it like never before. this is america's moment to stand up as an arctic nation and for the arctic's future, because far from the barren backcountry that many thought it to be in ward's time, it is now the forefront of abundance and opportunity. it houses 13% of the world's undiscovered oil, 30% of its undiscovered gas, and an abundance of minerals like gold, diamonds and millions of square miles of untapped resources. fisheries galore. and its centerpiece, the arctic ocean, is rapidly taking on new

strategic it significance -- new strategic significance. resources helping coastal states, the subject of renewed competition. steady reductions in sea ice are opening new passageways and opportunities for trade. this could potentially slash the time it takes to travel between asia and the west, by as much as 20 days. and the arctic sea lions could come through the canals. that leads to my second point. the second point is this. to leverage the arctic's -- the arctic continent, all nations, including non-arctic nations, should have a right to engage peacefully in the region. the united states is a believer in free markets. we know from experience that free and fair competition opened by the rule of law produces the best outcomes. but all the parties in the marketplace have to play by the same rules.

ruleswho violate those should lose their right to participate in the marketplace. respect and transparency are the price of admission. let's talk about china for a moment. china has observer status in the arctic council, but that status is contingent upon its respect for the sovereign rights of arctic states. u.s. wants china to meet that condition and contribute responsibly in the region. but china's words and actions raise doubt about its intentions. beijing claims to be a near arctic state, yet the shortest distance between china and the arctic is 900 miles. there are only arctic states and non-arctic states. no third-party category exists. and claiming otherwise entitled china to exactly nothing. -- that is not to say chinese investment is not welcome, it is the opposite. the united states and other

nations welcome chinese investments that reflect economic interests and national security ambitions. between 2012-2017, china invested in the attic nearly $90 million -- $90 billion. it is planning to build infrastructure from canada to the northwest territories to siberia. last month, russia announced plans to connect the northern sea route with the maritime silk road, which would develop a new shipping channel from asia to northern europe. mean all, china is already developing shipping lanes in the arctic ocean. thsi is part of a familiar pattern. attempts to develop critical of researcher using chinese money, chinese companies, and chinese workers, and in some cases to establish a permanent chinese secured he presents. -- presence. the pentagon warned that china could use its research presence in the arctic to strengthen its military presence, including the deployment of submarines and deployment of summaries to the

region as a deterrent against nuclear attack. we need to examine these activities closely. we k the experienceeep -- keep the space we learned of other nations in mind. china's pattern of aggressive behavior elsewhere -- of aggressive behavior elsewhere should inform what we do and how we might treat -- it might treat the arctic. let's ask ourselves, do we want our technicians broadly -- want arctic nations broadly to go the way the former government of sri lanka, or malaysia, with debt and corruption? do we want crucial if a structure to end up like chinese constructed roads in ethiopia, crumbling and a dangerous after only a few years? do we want arctic ocean to transform into a new south china sea, fraught with militarization and competing territorial claims? do we want the fragile arctic environment exposed to the same

ecological devastation caused by china's fishing fleets, or unregulated activity in its own country? i think the answers are pretty clear. then there is russia. as a fellow arctic councilmember, russia, the other arctic states have fruitfully cooperated in a number of areas. expensive conservation efforts, those are to be applauded. we want cooperation to continue. but we cannot have one side cooperate and the other side there are gay its duties. about russia'sd claim over the international waters of the northern sea route, including the place to connect it with the china's maritime silk road. in the northern sea route, moscow already illegally demands other nations request permission to pass, requires russian maritime pilots to be aboard foreign ships, and threats to

use military force to si anynk -- sink any that failed to comply. these actions are part of a pattern of aggressive russian behavior in the arctic. and russia is already leaving snowbirds in the form of army boots. russia formally announced its intent to increase military presence in the region in 2014, when they reopened the cold war arctic military base. russia has been able to renovate old bases and infrastructure. newas claimed sony five military sites, including bases north of the arctic circle, as well as 16 new deepwater ports. it secures this through sophistication, new air systems, and that ship missiles. and no one denies russia has significance arctic interests. we recognize russia is not the only nation making a legitimate claims.

long contested food with canada over sovereign claims to the northwest passage. but russia is unique, its actions deserve special attention, special attention in part because of their sheer scale. but also because we know that russian territorial visions can turn violent. been killede have due to the ongoing aggressive action in ukraine. and just because the arctic is a place of wilderness, does not mean it should become a place of lawlessness. it may not be the case. and we stand ready to ensure it is not -- or does not become so. as i said in santiago a few weeks ago, american leadership stands in stark contrast with the chinese and russian models. when the u.s. shared this counsel, we made strides to improve suicide prevention among indigenous youth and founded -- funded sanitation in rural villages.

america's commitment to the region has been bipartisan, spanning multiple administrations. and the trump administration, however, recognizes america can do more and we intend to. today, america is sharing its focus on the arctic and securing its future. under president trump, we are fortifying diplomatic presence in the area. and on the security side, partly in response to russia's destabilizing activities, we are hosting military exercises, strengthening our force presence, rebuilding our icebreaker fleet, expanding coast guard funding, and creating a new senior military insider arctic affairs of our military. we are also leveraging important partnerships we will expand on even this week. structured exercise last fall was the largest arctic military exercise since the cold war with over 50,000 persons participating. on the diplomatic side, we are

fully engaged. we are working to strengthen our presence across the entire region and enhance engagement with each of our partners. i will have more to announce on that on the later stop on this trip. in addition to security, president trump is committed to leveraging resources of environmental -- in environment labor's possible ways. he knows that this can also be green. our administration helps arctic the fishery agreement, one of the first times in history that a region banned together to preemptively solve a threat to environmental resources. we should all be very proud of that. our administration has also freed up energy exploration in the national wildlife refuge. we have exported offshore energy production in the safest way possible, while also hosting joint oil spill exercises with regional partners. and i'm pleased to announce that the u.s. secretary of energy

will deliver the keynote address at the arctic circle assembly later this year in iceland. he will also talk more there about how we plan to increase access to the resources in the arctic and do so in an environment only responsible way. but the facts speak for themselves, america is the world leader in caring for the environment. our energy-related co2 emissions and by 14% between 2006 2017. the rest of the world's rose by more than 20% during that same time. our black carbon emissions are down 16% since 2013, and are on check to drop by nearly half by 2035. the best of any arctic country. not clear thats russia is reducing emissions at all, despite being the largest emitter of black carbon in the entire arctic. the u.s. is achieving reductions the american way, through scientific work, through technology, through building out

safe and secure energy for structure, and through our economic growth. and doing it in a way that does not stifle development, with burdensome regulations that only create more risk to the environment. compare the data of the united states to china. our co2 emissions more than tripled between -- the emissions in china tripled we want2000-2016, do that kind of output in the one of the most pristine corners of the world? i want to close by talking about two principles that have long to find the arctic -- defined in the arctic, and which are needed more than ever. that is partnerships and courage. they, are common they are common threads through the centuries here in the arctic. indigenous people carving civilizations into the ice, explores charge onward in the face of danger and death and its

soldiers and diplomats secured the region when it mattered the most. sometimes courage and partners come from unlikely places. like a bar in duluth, minnesota. the year was 1955. and still at times there were no human beings believed to have reached the north pole by sea or land. and in that bar, on the shores of lake superior, an insurance salesman and a doctor both middle-aged dads and living in the suburbs, decided to give it a shot. they recruited a high school geography teacher and a mechanic, they also sought out a canadian partner, someone familiar with the north country, setting out on a canadian settling on ad snowplow racer. eventually, the crew set out on a 43 day, 412 mile trek in tenders reaching -60 degrees. all on the backs of snowmobiles.

died,ey easily could've like so many before them, but instead in 1968 they became the first human beings to reach the north pole by land, just 15 months before neil armstrong made his historic first up on the moon -- step on the moon. courage and partnership is what this region depends on. especially today. so, for here at the arctic council, we have done our job. there is more to do. we face a new era of challenge in the region. now is the time for increased vigilance and increased partnership and even more courage. we must hold each other accountable. and we must not allow this area arctic and notto arctic states. we can succeed and i trust we will. and our nations into the entire world could look for to a sustainable future for this indispensable region. thank your for joining me here

today. [applause] announcer: tonight on "the communicators," w talk about the challengese facing telecom with david heimbach and matthew poker of america's communications association. >> when we think of other issues in washington such as open internet or net neutrality, that debate is important to smaller companies because it has a dramatic impact on the ability of our members to obtain financing to be able to provide more broadband in smaller communities. >> it is becoming more and more difficult for an operator of our size to compete effectively in

the video business, giving the ever increasing content cost. announcer: watch tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span2. up on the coming c-span networks, starting at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span, the national urban league released its estate of black america report, focusing mainly on voting rights. and at 8:30 p.m. on c-span2, remarks from veteran and his senator tammy duckworth on the current u.s. strategy in iraq. discussion ona china's role in nuclear negotiations with north korea on c-span3. announcer: c-span's "washington journal" live every day with issues that impact you. tuesday morning, molly reynolds of the brookings institution will be with us to talk about congressional subpoena power and

the robert mueller investigation. also, adam, the daughter of open the books.com, talks about the new report from his group which found several fortune 100 companies received billions of dollars from federal contracts, grants and direct payments. live "washington journal" at 7:00 a.m. eastern on tuesday morning, join the discussion. announcer: tamaqua testimony from the fbi director christopher wray on president trump's 2020 budget request for the fbi. he will appear before a senate appropriations subcommittee on tuesday at 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span3. and on wednesday come a senate judiciary subcommittee on border security will hold a hearing to look at humanitarian and security challenges on the u.s. southern border. live at 2:30 p.m. also on c-span3. once tv was three giant networks and a government supported service called pbs. then in 1979, a small network

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next steps for brexit. the european council gave the united kingdom until the end of october for its plan on leaving the eu, after parliament had not been able to agree on a way forward. the prime minister is still in negotiations with the opposition labor party on securing a deal. this portion of the hearing is half an hour. >> good afternoon. it has been reported the government has canceled the no deal brexit contracts, is that the case and how much will it cost? >> if i can come onto the contracts, i wonder if it will be helpful before i do that to set the scene, as you are interested in where we are on negotiations and what we are doing and -- we have quite a lot of questions -- it may be that setting the scene could answer those questions. ok? because if i update, obviously it is our policy to leave the euan