better health care screenings would prevent gun violence. at 9:00 a.m., alex flint discusses support among some conservatives for discusses support among some conservatives for a revenue neutral carbon tax. ♪ this good morning on friday, august 23. we will kick off this morning for a conversation on police in your community following the firing of the police officer involved in the death of eric gardner and a new law on police shootings in california. we want to know your view of the police where you live. if you live in the eastern-central part of the country, 202-748-8000. mountain-pacific, 202-748-8001. and a line for law enforcement, we want to hear your thoughts as well, 202-748-8002. you can go to twitter at @cspanwj or post your comments on facebook.com/cspan.

many of you saw the news early many of you saw the news early on monday when the new york police department decided to fire the police officer involved in the death of eric gardner. this is what the police had to say on monday about that decision. [video clip] >> being a police is one of the hardest jobs in the world. that is not a statement to .licit sympathy, it is a fact cops have to make choices, sometimes quickly every single day. some are split-second, life or death choices. oftentimes they are choices that will be thoroughly and repeatedly examined by those with much more time to think about them than the police officer had and those decisions are scrutinized and second-guessed both fairly and unfairly. -- the officer

went to bed thinking he would make choices and take actions during a routine arrest that would lead to another person's death. an officer's choices and actions even made under extreme pressure matter. it is unlikely mr. gardner thought he was in such poor health that a brief struggle with police would cause his death. he should have decided against resisting arrest, but a man with family lost his life and that is an irreversible tragedy. a hard-working police officer took this job to do good and has now lost his chosen career. that is a different kind of tragedy. the unintended consequence of mr. gardner's death must have a consequence of its own. therefore, i agree with the deputy commissioner. it is clear daniel can no longer serve as a you -- a new york

city police officer. carrying out the court's verdict, i take no pleasure. i know many will disagree with this decision and that is their right. there are no victors here today. not the family, not the community at large, and not the courageous men and women of the police department who put their own lives on the line every day in service to the people of this great city. buty is a day of reckoning, can also be a day of reconciliation. host: new york police officer involved in eric's -- eric gardner's death fired earlier this week. the shootings by police sparked protests around the country and earlier this month, the new york times did a story about where we are today with police shootings. policing, what changed and didn't since michael brown died and they write the following,

for all the talk, all the promises, all the protesting, real change in american policing has varied from department to department, city to city. deadly police shootings have continued at a steady pace. few officers have been charged with crimes. public views have grown divided and even with body cameras clipped to the chest of thousands more officers, there is often still little agreement about weather a shooting is justified. this morning, we are asking all of you your view of the police in your community. let me read a little bit more from that article. by 2016, nearly half of police agencies bought body cameras. they have not proved to be a cure for problems. a study of police officers found body cameras have little effect on behavior and high-profile cases in minneapolis and south bend.

officers were wearing body cameras, but failed to turn them on before shooting someone and in some instances when a body camera was reporting, people disagreed about weather a shooting was justified. we will go to jerry in detroit. what do you think about the police in your community? caller: first of all, good morning, greta, and greetings from motown. i would like to comment on my police department and if you thew me to comment on excuses a lot of white people make as far as police shootings are concerned. jamesof all, i think craig, the police chief in detroit, he has done an ok job trying to keep the police department in check and trying to weed out rogue officers. i think he has made some improvements even though a lot needs to be done. i would also like to, if you

i amtime, wanted to add -- a black man. whenever i listen to white make excuses for racist cops, they always try to use this canard about black on black crime in chicago, they always bring that up whenever there is a high-profile police officer of an unarmed black man by police officers. what they fail to take into account, the big difference, that is who gets away with a lot of these murders? the white police officer or the black man pulling the trigger? i have a feeling after i get off, i will hear from a lot of racist white people, especially on the republican line, slam me for daring to say most white police officer's hate black people and i think -- one last

thing, a lot of these white people seem to think white police officers can do no wrong and i will hear a lot of excuses from a lot of these white people coming up and some of them, no doubt, will slam me for saying it. host: can you say what changes the police chief in your city has made that you like? sense, hethink in a has taken some steps to weed out some of the officers who have problems, but what i would like is as ast to chief greg mandatory part of police training, and i think -- i know this is going to be controversial for some white people, but as a mandatory part of police training, as a racial sensitivity course for every white male who wants to become a police officer in the city of

detroit, this, greta, i believe is the only way to rule out potential racists in their ranks. over the washington post the years has been tracking police shootings in a database that you can find on their website. this is 2019's number. 583 people have been shot and killed by police this year. you can look at 2018 as well, 2017. this number on your screen, 986 fatal forces in 2017. well, 992.ilar as you can find that if you go to washington post's website. they break it down, the circumstances of the shooting, et cetera. let's go to lisa in idaho. good morning to you. your thoughts on the police in

your community. caller: i think they are doing a good job, i don't understand all this back-and-forth racism -- there is all kind of racism out there. those jobs are trying to do their job, trying to stay alive so they can go home to their mothers and family and i don't understand why if somebody pulls somebody over, black or white, why are they arguing with the police? they do not pull you over for nothing, there is a problem there and if you are running from a cop, you might get shot. why are you running? if you are not guilty of anything, why are you running? for me, there is way too much to this. them guys and i

think they are just as brave as they guys that go over to iran and fight because they have to look out for their lives, too, all at the same time. i like them. host: the new york times this morning has a piece, weary nypd officers say no one has their backs and from the article this morning, they write this. for many, the dismissal was another chapter in a longer story, sending the message that police brass might no longer support enforcement of low-level offenses. that has led to a loss of status on the streets. officers being doused by water -- with water by members of the public. stephen in ohio, good morning to you, go ahead. caller: good morning, greta. listen, i believe they should

take handcuffs off the police and let police do their jobs. i remember the fascist police 60 years ago. nobody said a thing about those police officers. let those police officers do their jobs. if it weren't for the police, you would have an eyeless, toothless society. caller: good morning, greta. thank you for taking my call. here is my take on this. i think the police have a tough job. there are times they need to make a split-second decision that could be life or death. i live in northern virginia. there are many, many cops. believe they are no longer a civilian defense force.

they believe they are a military defense force who are legally allowed to kill. i have no doubt their superiors are doing everything they can to pretending they are sympathetic. those who call about racism in this issue, i have something to say. some of the white people that talk about racism, they don't -- theyause they are are never going to experience discrimination. i have seen it with my own eyes. before i go, i have to tell you this. i have been to a courthouse in northern virginia for a traffic offense. how many ofd to see

those who are sitting in that nonwhite, but northern virginia is 60% white. when you go to the white house, you only see 10% of those charged with traffic offenses are white. the police have a problem. they do have a problem. remember, these are human beings. internal biases cannot be taken away by training, but that comes into play. california is in trying to combat the frequency of police shootings by passing a new law that directs police only to use deadly force to defend human life. it does not expertly define

necessary, though courts could consider the actions of both the officer and the suspect when determining weather a shooting was justified. this from the san francisco chronicle earlier this month. monique and washington, d.c., good morning to you. what do you think about the police in this city? caller: good morning, greta, and thank you for c-span. i am a washington, d.c. resident and i see a lot of officers patrolling our areas are not from d.c. they are coming from arlington, fairfax, they don't live in our community. are police of vets officers as well. it is a disconnect from the people who are serving the community and the people who actually live in the community. i think a lot of times our city councilmembers and mayors need

to look into how to go about hiring police officers. if they are not from the community, i don't think they should be policing the community . if they want to serve, they should serve where they live. as far as profiling, when it comes to police officers profiling african-americans, it is overwhelming. the district of columbia has so many police forces there. we have d.c. housing, park police, d.c. police, capitol hill police, we have d.c. .raffic -- d.c. transit police the nation's capital is one of the most policed jurisdictions in the area and a lot of times they only look at the african-american community when white people are doing the same crimes as black people and i had

one more thing about the traffic issue. a lot of times the reason you don't see white people in traffic court is because 9 times out of 10, they have the funds to pay for the traffic issues that come into play. host: where do you live in washington, d.c. and how frequently do you see police in your neighborhood? caller: i live in southeast washington dc and they say -- washington, d.c. and our landscaping is beautiful. i can look out my window and ca d.c. transit police along with d.c. public housing police along mpd.d.c. it is two police and it is sad and overwhelming. ,ost: also in washington, d.c.

good morning. isler: my view of the police they are not patient with the people. i also live in southeast d.c. and police officers are very aggressive in some parts and in anacostiaope area, area, they don't even get out of their cars to check out what is going on. they can see a crime being committed and they don't get out and see what they are supposed to do. they take their time coming into the area and when they do, they automatically stop different ones because of the way they look and that is not fair. i think they need to be retrained how to deal with

african-americans in washington, d.c. because we are all not bad and we are all not criminals. we are not looking to rob somebody. take time to watch the area and see what is really going on. host: a reminder to you and others, you have got to turn down that television and talk and listen through your phone. februarydent in announced the county sheriffs of america organization and here is what he had to say. [video clip] >> through the combined effort of everyone here today, violent crime is now going down for the first time in a long while. murders in america's largest cities dropped by 6%. police department's have provided us with homicide data showing steep declines over two years including a reduction of

16% in new orleans, 27% in newark, and 30% in milwaukee. that is a great job you are doing in those three places. in my administration, we understand reducing crime begins with respecting law enforcement. we will not tolerate smears or slanders or assaults on those who wear the badge and police our streets. in order to keep every american safe, we are making officer safety a top priority, unless you would rather not have that. [applause] unless you would rather not have it. if you want it, we are doing it. in support of that goal, more ofn $600 million worth surplus military equipment has been made available to law enforcement. this is equipment that was rotting -- the best stuff, but rotting in warehouses that the

past administration did not want you to have. someday they will explain that to me. i have heard the reasoning. you will get it, it it -- it will come in droves and as we get equipment, we send it to our great police. when an officer is hurt, it is a wound inflicted upon our entire nation. we strongly believe criminals that murder cops should get the death penalty. [applause] enforcementur law officers risk their lives to defend the lives of others. host: president trump's thoughts on police in february this year. .ake a look at a recent poll split opinions by police after ferguson and you take a look at the column on your left with the red lines it shows the share of

residents who say they have confidence of police and break it down by race. to 2014,ple from 2012 the line slightly goes up into 2015 and 2016. you see it declined with hispanics and blacks. -- share of u.s. residents with confidence in police broken down by conservative, moderate, and liberal. -- rock island, illinois, good morning. your view of police? good --i have a pretty where i live, i have a pretty good view of the police. we have had issues before with the race thing and the black males being pulled over. a lot of our police are going

through diversity training. i don't really have a problem too much with issues that need to be addressed. for instance, i was cutting my grass and police got out and said you look like you are so tired i think i need to help you, so he took the lawnmower and started cutting the hill for me and he got done and said do you need more help? much. no, thank you very i don't have an issue where i live with the police. from time to time, we have issues and where i live, we don't have a lot of issues with the police shooting people. had onewe probably shooting i can even recall of a police officer shooting a black

male in 30 years. i am not saying -- things go on, but i think with diverse city in the training and getting to know trustolice and gaining and the police understanding you and you understanding the police, things tend to go better. police have to put an effort in and the community has to support the police. host: explain rock island, how big is it? caller: our population is probably 50,000. i am in the city area, which ,ncompasses battle port, iowa and the police in illinois have the right to go across the bridge to davenport. it is probably combined may be about 500,000 people. host: audrey in macon, georgia. good morning. caller: yes.

i agree that the officer should have been inspired on the spot. host: are you talking about the eric gardner case? caller: yes. the lady that called earlier talking about we don't understand black-and-white crime and talking about the police, she don't understand racism if she is white and she has never been profiled. me, i am 70 years old. i love to walk. i walk every morning, 4:00 in the morning, same route. i wear all white, i have reflectives on my shoes, lights on my shoes, reflective vest, white shoes, white pants, white hat with lights on it. the police stopped me and upheld me 45 minutes and called for backup. one of the cops that came during

the backup asked why did you stop her? he said, just look at her, he could be doing -- she could be doing everything. he said, i have been watching her every morning for years. he said, you are not concerned, look at her. i was being profiled because i was a 70-year-old black woman walking. white people do not understand racism if you have never had to go through it. i have been profiled all my life. this was the worst. host: what happened? i was held up and i came home and took a bath and went to the police station and reported the officer. the officer defending me said i was waiting for you to come. after this, this same cop, every

time i would go walking, i would see him parked around the corner. i asked him once, why are you still watching me? make sure you don't touch nothing. i just stopped walking. i knew after a while i was going to be a dead black woman. host: audrey in macon, georgia. anderson, brooklyn, what is it like in your community with police? caller: thank you for taking my call. i had the discussion because it is funny it came up on c-span this morning about the community policing. my wife works for the department in new york and i brought that to her attention, why can't the cops be hired in the community? she said if that is the case, criminals will come after the cops. they know where they live, they know their families, and they will destroy them. ask -- have community

policing with police in the neighborhoods, you have to bring them from outside the neighborhood. one of your commenters brought it up and i wanted to clarify, you cannot hire police in the community which they live, it cannot be. said he knewberg fraud when he sees it and this is donald trump and this is the end result. host: according to the national academy of sciences, they put this together in august this year, this month, black men and boys face the highest risk of being killed by police at a rate deaths.t of 100,000 by comparison, white men and boys face a lower rate of 39 per 100,000 deaths despite being a bigger population of the u.s. overall. men face a rate of 52 per 100,000 deaths.

reginald in winston-salem, it is your turn. caller: thanks, greta, for taking my call. i wanted to say there are g.oblems with racial profilin it is not as bad as it used to be, but i remember when me and my wife brought a brand-new chevy impala just like the one the police officers use and the .etectives use i got stopped three times driving that car because the police thought it was stolen. after they found out it was registered to me and everything, they would let me go. even my wife got stopped once .or driving the car

i just think it is pretty bad to be profiled like that. i had even got to a point i hated to drive the car for being in fear of being stopped. host: when was this? what year was this? 2007.: it was host: and you say it has improved. why do you think it has improved? -- me,e i don't personally, i don't get stopped as much as i used to buy police. host: did you sell the car? caller: yeah, i have the car. another new bought

one, but it was a ford, the next new car i bought and it was blue this time, it wasn't white. the in pollock was white like the 1 -- impala was white like the ones they used to drive. host: can i ask you about diversity training? is that something you know of that is happening in your community? do you think it has helped or could help? , i think it has , especially for them to weed out the ones on the police force that are part of the ku klux klan. i think they personally ought to weed out the ones -- especially

more nationalist, that are likely to profiled black people. -- profile black people. host: robert, how do you -- where do you live in washington? caller: as a true washingtonian in northeast d.c. up here by soldiers home, right here in my neighborhood, i was beat up rodney king style by five police . 1992, george h. w. bush put out some protocol for police officers to inundate black men. i was one of those black men inundated and beat up rodney king style by five police and washington, d.c. whatever the protocol was it said you can stop any black man street and sees any

property on his body. ze any property on his body. they have been calm down -- calming down lately. what they have done in d.c. -- we don't know exactly what is going on because d.c. is the most policed state in the world. we have 30 different police operations. washington, d.c., what we are going through right here, i don't know what is going on, somebody tell me. this is the most policed city on the planet. host: what is the tension like? caller: say what now? host: what is the tension like

where you live? caller: where i live, it is very nice, very serene. at that time in 1992, police scoured this entire community. they beat down several of our community citizens for no provocation at all. host: heard that story, robert, i want to share other numbers with you. the fpi puts together law enforcement officers that have been killed or assaulted in the line of duty. 28 have been reported killed, 39 in the same period in 2018 and 28 have been reported accidentally killed. 29 in the same period of last year. good morning. host: go ahead. there arewant to say

good police officers and bad police officers, but the seniors in my community have been having issues. they have not been respected and i think comments to seniors when their houses have been vandalized or different things like that and the officers tell them you need to go to senior assisted living or nursing home is not the right answer. when a house has been repeatedly ed and the officer can stop and order the homeowner in the garage mixing paint two once again paint over the graffiti, that she has to paint over that graffiti, which she has to do almost daily, but they won't take the time to figure out who is doing it and how they are doing it because they don't have

problems in this neighborhood and she looks at them and says i have a problem, someone is graffiting my house all the time. we have seniors whose houses have been invaded. to officers about vandalism and getting disrespected, they are not willing to call them about being invaded in their houses. in texas, what is it like where you live? caller: good morning. withn't have a problem poor policing. it is more of a rural area in texas. with that, the police basically represent themselves as you would expect. however, in the inner-city, which would be houston, you have

a lot of the same issues a lot of the inner cities have. as a family of color, we have how thecerned about police department department's are being represented because poor, ill trained police officers on the force and when they are doing things like what happened with eric gardner -- i forget the guy who was just trying to let the police officer know he had a gun and ended up getting shot. when you have police that are ill trained and they are not fired, not held accountable, at that point, those ill trained police officers become representatives of a whole force. with that being the case, i don't know the number, but in dallas, they had a situation where it basically became anarchy where one person felt like they were being attacked by

what is now representatives of a police force and started shooting police at random. that is something we do not want as a black community. we support the police, like the caller said before, black people cannot be perceived as people of criminal minds. we are not a people of criminal minds. however, with -- for some reason dealing with certain aspects of the police force, that is how we are viewed. i feel like it is something they definitely need to look into because we do not want the police to start representing themselves like a gang. if you are not taking accountability for the members of your police force that are acting wrongly, at that point, you become a legalized gang. you are no longer there to protect and serve your citizens as you were tasked to do. host: tracy calling for

accountability in texas. we will go to brenda in south carolina. what do you think about the community -- the police where you live? caller: good morning and the police down here in the south are better, but the previous ground it up in a nutshell. the comment i can give is my son is a police officer. that reminds me of the fear i have about my son. if he is off duty and has a gun, the same thing can happen to him because that police officer, to me, he was afraid. if you look at the tape, he was petrified and he should not have been a police officer.

they need to do a better job screening them and make sure they are able to do the job and the biggest problem i have, i live in south carolina and my son works two jobs and it is not worth the salary they are getting paid to even be a police officer. the president, someone needs to do something about that because they really need to be getting paid more for the job they do. host: your son is a police officer and he has to have another job? caller: my son is a police officer and he has three jobs. he has a bachelors degree in criminal justice. he is a police officer. he works part-time at the airport and he is a part-time painter. it is ridiculous. and they talk about the economy and how good it is doing. basically, it does not benefit everybody because a lot of people are working two and three jobs and not making enough money. host: how much money does he make as a police officer? do you mind sharing? caller: i am not sure, he might

make $40,000 a year or less. and he is married and has a family. then he has student loans and that is the biggest problem i have. i feel police officer's should not have student loans, especially south carolina with the amount of money they are being paid and they have to go out every day and endanger their lives. i think something needs to be done about that. july, pete buttigieg addressed the rainbow push coalition convention and talked about the police shooting in his city, the death of eric logan in south bend. [video clip] oftwo weeks ago, a member our community, eric logan lost his life at the hands of another member of our community, a white police officer. has gone beyond the grief of the family that lost one of their own.

as we wait for outside investigators to deliver their judgment on what took place, we have a pain that reminds us our community lives around the chasm. blackal gulf in which residents and white residents experience every facet of life differently. i might point to the hard work we have done around things like police professionalism and accountability, things like bias de-escalation. whatever we have done has not been nearly enough. is ang as a traffic stop completely different experience for a black driver that it is for a white driver, we know we have not done enough. we know as long as police departments, and this is true of my own, do not reflect the

community they serve in their makeup, then we have not done enough. we had an emotional town hall meeting on one woman told me her seven-year-old grandson has learned to fear the police. she said, that is not what is supposed to happen in america or indiana or anywhere in 2019 and she is right. tearing down walls of mistrust, reassessing policing and oversight, redesigning training, reimagining recruiting, and transforming relationships. we are under on that right now. i believe in our plan and i believe in our city and i believe we will come together to struggle and repair and repair the broken places. your back to your calls,

view of police in your community. let me show you this put together by the pew research center. how well americans understand the challenges police officer's face on the job. 83% of civilians said they have a somewhat well or very well understanding of police challenges. only 13% ofe -- police believe americans understand what they do. do of police think americans not have a very well or not well at all understanding of the challenges they face. grove, goodar morning. caller: good morning, greta. i want to relay a story i meant -- i witnessed in 2001 when i

was living in ohio. i was not a police officer, i was a support staff person. we had a shooting in our town in 2001 in the spring and people were protesting, walking down the street and i witnessed pat hisd and fbi agent calf, where his gun was, and of usut loud about 5 or 6 watching, i would like to -- "i would like to shoot me a couple n-words." mind, i was speechless, i could not say anything. he was only in his 50's and -- like 56, 57. a couple years later, he was running -- maybe even that fall,

he was running in the local marathon around thanksgiving and fell over dead of a heart attack. i wanted to get that story out because i don't think it is just the police. i think it is many more places. thank you for listening to my story. host: paul in browning, montana, what is it like where you live? describe your community? how big is it? where i live, i was a rover and it was -- it covers 1.5 million acres. host: you are a police officer? caller: yes. i was a tribal and federal officer on the same reservation. host: you were? you are no longer?

caller: no, i am retired. host: okay. caller: you have to reconnect with the community and work as a partnership to come together and come up with -- to resolve all of the problems we have. you need to go out and interact and hold meetings, lift the community. at the same level, be partners. what do weeed and need to do to make the community more better? host: do you agree with the decision by nypd to fire the police officer involved in the eric garner case? don't. no, i

i think they have a lot of time to go through the scenario, do'. but you only have like maybe two or three seconds to make a split decision. yeah, i disagree with that. host: kevin, fort lauderdale. caller: thank you for taking my call. i am kind of a unique situation. i am a teacher from marjorie stoneman douglas parkland shooting. were you there that day? caller: no. i, unfortunately, watched it unfold. i was on the phone with someone at the time with someone who watched. i have family in new york who were former nypd. i think what you are seeing here bad,t that officers are

for the most part, but their training is systemically wrong. i grew up in new jersey and being a white jew, i understand racism from a different point of view where you have to hide in plain sight, so to speak. ,own here in broward county what happened at our school, everyone from the county came rushing to an affluent neighborhood when we had these type of threats in broward county. you are lucky if you get the response time from the police. i think what we are seeing here having family in law enforcement, there is a systemic problem where if you look at eric garner and the situation, down here, if you are caught with marijuana, small amounts, up, you don't

engage. why arecigarettes, officers being taught in this particular neighborhood to arrest someone of ethnicity -- i hate the word color because it is wrong, we are an ethnic ethnic nation. are they being trained the wrong way to handle certain situations in communities harsher than others? daily.ying yes, i see it when you see it from the eyes of from the eyes of someone considered an infiltrator and white in certain neighborhoods where you have to worry about assaying your last name to see body language turn where i grew up in ethnic neighborhoods where my friends turned around and said, "don't worry, you are with me." i would explain i was jewish and tension would drop and my

friends would be in my community and you would see the racism as they looked at my friends. i come from a very unique perspective. officers are being trained to engage in certain neighborhoods, which escalates an issue instead issues.calate these did eric garner deserve to be physically assaulted -- accosted? the officer was taught in that neighborhood. who taught him? why are they being taught to be aggressive over selling cigarettes? case.t really was the i believe that was the case. to it an offense that needed force a physical confrontation to where someone living in that neighborhood sees it all the time and feels they are being discriminated against and standing up for their rights? i think that needs to be

examined and comments coming from our president -- i don't want to get political about military surplus, do we need to send a message we are militarizing our police? they are community law enforcement, serve and protect. we need to build a culture to where our local law enforcement represents the community and they are there all the time so we know who our neighbor law enforcement is on a regular basis so we know the people to trust. the officers are there to protect and we want protection. we need to bring them together and not feel like there is a situation where we feel like we need to defend. host: amber in atlanta. caller: good morning. for a while,to say i was considered an armchair quarterback or -- quarterbacker. someone who drove by a situation and automatically had an opinion.

someone who saw a reporter discuss what was going on tv and automatically had an opinion. i got a bright idea to join the citizens police academy. since i am in atlanta, the fulton county academy at visit the courtrooms and also visit with commissioners, city council, look into what the mayor was doing and kind of see what do we have going on here? i would advise for everybody who sits at home or has an opinion or sees one circumstance and full-blown conclusion, i would suggest you educate yourself. when you go to the classes, you learn they do -- you see they do learn de-escalation. they are not just roaming neighborhoods just because, they are called to neighborhoods by

desperate people who live in the neighborhoods that are scared and tired of dealing with gang activity. and are tired of dealing with violence and loitering, trash all over the place. i visited the 911 center to see what kind of calls are people calling in that are making these officers go to these areas? these are your neighbors calling for the officers to come in because of the activity they are witnessing. i have gone on police rides where in certain neighborhoods, you have gang members of all races that come out and threaten the officers while they are driving by, throw bags of urine on the officer's car and they are told to stand down and not do anything. host: how are you able to do all this? caller: almost every city offers this. these are things officers have been reaching out to do for the last 10 years.

i had no idea until i started to research it. if you look into what officers are offering our youth, they have summer activity programs, they do things in the park to bring the community together, it takes a quick google search in any city you are in and most cities are offering get to know your officer. it is called citizens police .cademy this is where citizens can find andwhat is going on and why another thing not added into the equation with the economy, the and how up-and-down it the -- you have to look at city council and how money is being spent. when you are looking at these issues, then you kind of see why our officers are told to be in

this area. why are they told to ignore or not really pursue this type of crime? it is because of budgeting and it is because of the jail being capped out at a certain number because of federal law. there is a lot that goes into this and to lump it all on an officer and not really educate yourself, you are being shortsighted and following a media narrative. it don't ever be someone who only follows what you are told. you have to witness, you have to see it, and you have to experience it before you preach to everybody about what is right and wrong in this world. host: amber in atlanta. scott, you are next, dayton, ohio. caller: hello. i really did not know what i wanted to say when i called other than i have a brother who was shot and killed by the police department 10 years ago.

i don't hold anything against the police department in general. he was doing something wrong. he was running from police. they did not need to shoot him, i have done 17 years in prison myself. i have respect for the police in this town. they are there for a reason. to listen to the media, i think the media is pushing the narrative a little too hard. we need to get together. i used to be a criminal. i used to be. to hear the media, i will always be a criminal. i will always be wrong. 20, 30ing up things years on these politicians they used to do. i hope they don't bring up things i used to do. i live my life differently today. get knowledge, get an understanding of what is going

on. most of this is out of fear. the media is running on fear. i am in fear myself on a daily basis. i worked on the west side. that is a predominantly black neighborhood. i have a certain amount of fear, but it is because of the information i receive on tv. i don't see this racism as i see on tv. host: i will leave it there so i can get doug, our last call from newport news, virginia. caller: the police department 13 mass shootings after these last two. they are doing their jobs. if they had been doing that before, it would not have happened. i wanted to comment on the fact the police -- host: i apologize, but we have lost you at the end. we are going to take a break and

when we come back, turn our attention to the g7 as well as with benclear program paul will joind us for a discussion of mental health in the united states, when we come back. >> c-span's live coverage of campaign 2020 continues this week. with, mayor pete buttigieg a live town hall from nashua, new hampshire. watch anytime online on c-span.org or listen live using the free c-span radio app.

sunday night on "q&a," a radical physicist talks about our destiny beyond earth -- >> digital immortality takes everything known about you on the internet, your digital footprint, what movies you see, what countries you visit, your videos, pictures, audio tapes, and it creates a profile that is digitized which will last forever. when you go to the library of the future, you will not check out a book about center show, you will talk to winston churchill. >> sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span's "q&a." the house will be in order. >> for 40 years, c-span has been

providing america unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court, and public policy events from washington, d.c. and around the country, so you can make up your own mind. created by cable in 1979, c-span is brought to you by your local cable or satellite provider. c-span -- your unfiltered view of government. "washington journal" continues. host: at our table this morning, behnam ben taleblu with the foundation for the defense of democracies. we will talk about the g7, which begins in france this weekend. how big of a focus will iran be? guest: a big focus. the u.s.'s max pressure campaign, to get iran to set down for a bigger and better deal, has kept both sides of the atlantic divided. the u.s. with a more pressure driven policy, the europeans

trying to keep the jcpoa deal, the 2015 deal. this has created tension, but there are other issues to this cost as well, energy and the environment. the all know this used to be the g8 summit, which had russia involved, and russia and iran and other rogue late -- states will likely be on for discussion. host: why is that these other countries would like to stick to this nuclear agreement made under the obama administration versus what the trump administration would like to do? why are they insisting that continue? guest: there are three key reasons. it would be a mistake to say just one. but the biggest one is commercial relations -- or trade, you could say. the european union has always had an interest in trading with iran, thinking that you could trade with iran and that would moderate their paper over time. i think the 1990's disproves this, where iran did engage in

global markets and still engaged in terrorism. , on its face,that the deal is sufficient for now to deal with the iranian nuclear challenge and that the nuclear threat is worth dealing with before terrorism or other nuclear threats. the third is philosophical. that rather than in front iran, you should engage in iran. they say the supreme leader is old -- he turned 80 this summer -- and that there is a chasm between state and society, which is true. even though the europeans have not really supported the street versus the state, and they are looking to say, if iran changes over time, we want them to be engaged when they changed as opposed to isolated when they changed. host: how they respond to this? secretary of state mike pompeo at the un security council meeting tuesday.

i want to show it to the viewers and have you respond. he is talking about iran's behavior. [video clip] >> there is just that here is just a short list of what the regime has done since july. july 1, it suppressed its 300 kilogram limit on its uranium stockpile. houthisthe iran backed attacked saudi arabia's airport. july 8, iran reached levels of enrichment about 4.5 percent, breaching its nuclear commitments, which cap did at .67% -- capped it at 3.67%. the irgc navy unsuccessfully attempted to seize a u.k. tanker as it passed through the strait of hormuz. 12, it seized a uae owned

tanker. seized a british tanker and continues to contain that ship and its crew. july 19, the irgc navy seized a liberian-flagged tanker. missiled a ballistic july 20. and we are already tracking very closely the jcpoa provisions expiring in october of 2020, namely the u.n. arms embargo and the travel restrictions. the whole world is able to count them. we now have a countdown clock on the state department's iran webpage. time is drawing short to continue this activity of restricting iran's capacity to foment its terror regime. guest: that is an impressive laundry list as to why iran deserves a max pressure campaign

as opposed to some sort of broader engagement strategy. i think the european union has been somewhat critical of those aspects. the british have stood up when it comes to the freedom of navigation in the persian gulf and the strait of hormuz. but collectively, the body is incentivized to turn a blind eye to the sources of iran aggression. they say that iran is acting out in response to american sanctions. i would disagree. i think the iranians are trying to build -- there economies cratering. the european union did not believe that u.s. unilateral sanctions could do in 11 years what multilateral sanctions took a decade to do. the european union wants to keep iran in the deal as much as possible and therefore will not respond to some of this aggression. host: what is the maximum pressure strategy? what does it all and tale?

-- entail? policy -- it was really the 2017 period. rhetoricissued tough against north korea, tried to create an international collision against north korea and even multilateral rise -- multilateralized that aggression. formally rooms. moved itself from the jcpoa was in 2018 and took a series of steps to put itself outside that deal and resume to the previous 2013 policy to iran, resurrect every single penalty and sanction, every single designation -- that was waived by the nuclear deal. not only did president trump restore this economic sanctions, he has added to them and and forth of them. this could called the max pressure campaign. power, sanctions,

and apply it against iran for a bigger, broader, better deal that will not be limited to the nuclear issue but deals with the whole reason for why iran has been an international pariah for 14 years. host: we are taking your comments, with the g7 summit coming up. those seven leaders, including the united states, expected to be talking about this issue. republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000. independents, (202) 748-8002. in iran underike this maximum pressure campaign? guest: life in iran is not good. pressure, post max pressure, during max pressure -- the iranian people understand that sanctions are squeezing their economy. but they are correctly ascribing the blame not to washington but to their own leaders in tehran. , thingscember 2017 heated up inside iran between

state and society. people who lived on the geographic and figurative periphery of the country began protesting. the december 2017 protests can be likened to blue-collar protests. these are the urban and rural poor, the downtrodden and dispossessed, and this was a generation that the revolution had put all its hopes in. when this generation is protesting, when this generation cannot be bought off by subsidies, it shows how ideologically bankrupt the regime is. they have to be more course of -- coercive and do more bribery and persuasion, and they have less money to do it at home. max pressure or no max pressure, the people understand these restrictive measures are the result of tehran's behavior. chance thatnational echo the national chance you heard in north tehran in 2009. the iranian people are resilient

and want the national -- international community to do something about it. has: and explain where iran acted outside their country and how is it they can afford those activities. guest: great question. the military on paper, it pales in comparison to that of its u.s. or western neighbors. this is a talking point for those who do not want to do anything against iran, saying that iran does not spend -- they spent a little but get such a high return on investment. adversaries -- iran has a low-tech and low cost investment, that require its adversaries to have a high tech, high cost investment like ballistic missile defense, as you see now -- since 1979, when the ill islamic -- when the islamic religion camera, it would stand with states like the

assad regime seek to control enemies from the ground up. this is why iran's security strategy west of iran has been so effective and cheap. because it is much cheaper to equip a child soldier from afghanistan and sent him to die for iran's cause in syria that .t is to equip a green beret so iran gets a high paying for , anduck, a high return interferes in its neighbors. and it will be resilient and how it is allocating resources. the max pressure campaign is designed to come over time, gradually limit those resources and put tehran to the choice we are seeing this summer, as tehran acts out again and escalates in the persian gulf and through its proxies. iran is trying to put america to the choice, saying even as you restrict our revenue, we will

try to play chicken with you and stop you from issuing these sanctions and stop you from enforcing sanctions. host: we are taking your calls on the g7 summit and iran's nuclear program. republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000. independents, (202) 748-8002. call comes from john, and republican in pennsylvania. your question or comment on iran. caller: good morning. i have a number of comments, actually. statesn with, the united is already at war with iran. we have been at war with them. what we are doing, this so-called maxim pressure campaign you are talking about is at the behest of israel. we are trying to deny them the opportunity to earn any foreign currency.

so by medicine, by food, buy anything -- so buy medicine, buy food, buy anything. can you imagine if we were forgetting -- forbidden selling our agricultural goods, manufacturing goods? the foundation for the protection of democracies, this is one of these organizations and is a local israeli organization. it is a lobbying group. it is supposed to be a think tank, but it is a lobbying group. host: are you familiar with what he is talking about? guest: the caller mentioned three different issues. one is the unfortunate israeli group, the other one driving this is donald j. trump himself. if you look at the way the trump administration actually

approached this, it is actually responsible. he was one of the few republicans that joined the debates in 2015 and 2016 and did not say he would tear up the deal on day one. goodid i make bad deals deals. and much like the obama administration, which engaged in interagency reviews, the trump administration engaged in an entire iran policy review. and in 2017, the trump administration unveiled this policy towards iran, which unlike the bush and obama admits rations, which focused almost exclusively on nuclear, they decided to look at the breadth and depth of the iran challenge. then the trump administration actually worked with the e-3, france, germany, and the united iranom, to try to fix the deal from within. when that process collapsed, the administration did not issue any more waivers and again, in two down -- ways, issue new

sanctions. then the administration tried to grow pressure on iran. the driver of this process has been the trump administration looking to use coercive diplomatic pressures against iran to make sure iran does not get a nuclear weapon and that iran's other threats are dealt with. it would be a mistake to try to ascribe it to some foreign power. lastly, the caller mentioned something about food and medicine -- there are no sentient on medicine. and it comes to food, it is interesting to note that the europeans, especially under the has beenure campaign, critical, because america is actually selling more wheat to iran than now. much like under the soviet union, which started under jimmy carter, to make sure that these do not impact the trade of food. host: what is your interest in iran? americanam an iranian

born and raised in the states. the iran issue is fascinating, because it cuts across many issues. iran and america were once the best of friends. unfortunately, now they are enemies. if you look at iran today, it is a country with so much potential. unlike most of the other countries in the middle east, the population is not reflexively anti-american. the population is not reflexively anti-israel, not effectively anti-semitic. this is one of the few areas in the middle east where our ideology as americans, international security prerogative of americans, need not be in conflict like in other theaters. 1979 is look at iran, a story of squandered potential. anyone interested in great power politics or middle eastern politics should look at iran as a cautionary tale for what happens when the long -- wrong leaders come about. host: did your parents migrate

from iran and why? fatherthey did, but my was out in the 1960's, and my mother's family fled after her father, a journalist under the shah for one of the two major taken intos was prison during the revolution. they fled when he got out. john, an we go independent. caller: good morning. i am a u.s. navy operations specialist during desert storm, and he is correct, for what he is doing. host: in what way, thomas? caller: he is very intelligent. you have to understand what is going on in the ground and at the political and military level . keep a big picture look on what is going on in iran and the middle east as a whole and what needs to be done. a maximum pressure campaign is

the correct way to go. host: let's talk about iran's involvement in iraq. is the u.s. supportive of it or opposed? what impact is iran having on the political situation in iraq? wart: since the iran-iraq ended in 1998, a bloody conflict that need not have come about, but because of accidents and people thinking they can one up each other in the middle east -- this was an eight year off with that killed countless people on both sides. since the end of that conflict, iran was forever slated to intervene in the politics, society, military, that -- the religious and even aspects to never let its neighbor ran challenge to iran. and aou see seminarians

holy city, occasionally challenge a religious ruling by iran's supreme leader, that is a challenge to iran's ruling governing policy. create arying to trojan horse in iran, to create malicious -- militias that will eventually co-opt the state. -- they eventually became a check against iran's national army and became a force that is exporting iran's revolution abroad through force. in iraq today, there is a competition for baghdad between washington and tehran. it will get challenging fast, because iran is influenced that iran's -- isn's influence in the prime getting larger. the longer we do not push back

on them, the louder their voice may be pure there, time where iran does something in iraq, and the u.s.-made seek to respond, and the iraqi government actually asked the u.s. to leave because of tehran back forces. host: what you make of this news? american officials confirm israel behind iran strikes in iraq. the new york times reported that american officials confirmed that israel has been carrying out airstrikes against iranian targets in iraq. one senior official expressed concerns that israel is pushing the limits and its operations -- theead to the u.s. u.s. withdrawing its troops from iraq because of this. what will happen? guest: that gets to the nightmare scenario we were talking about. what if the democratically elected government in baghdad asks the u.s. to leave.

a presence on the iran can tell iraqi's that you have an alternative, different choice. i think america should be in iraq for the long game. the israeli strikes are fascinating, because israel has been the one doing the bulk of the military pushback in the region, chiefly in syria. for the past two years, i think you have seen israelis become more comfortable reporting that here are the targets the israelis are hitting. you are seeing journalists have more sources within israel and syria talking about israeli strikes, not just on missile depots but on military bases, even installations that iranians and syrians operate together. but people have thought that would be geographically contained to syria. i was one of those, because of the operational range the israelis would have to go, and the challenge of with this get the u.s. involved if israel is striking in a theater where the u.s. is in a carious spot in

pure the fact that there have been three or four explosions in militia depots, where they store weapons before they move over with a call the land bridge from iraq into syria, presents something of a challenge. on the one hand, anyone who wants to push against iran in the region should be happy these depots are targeted. iraqrsely, navigating versus the non-governance of syria will be a challenge for washington. host: barbara in tennessee, democratic caller. caller: good morning. my question is all of the things that the united states has been involved in, with israel, saudi arabia, all of the bombings, things going on in the middle thought about any the united states reaping all of the stuff that we are sowing in the world? all of this bombing and killing?

do they ever realize it could come back to the united states, especially with russia moving in , right into kentucky, different places. guest: just to start at the end, with russia moving in, in the middle east, russia is a highly opportunistic actor. in areas where the u.s. leaves a vacuum, you have seen russian forces move in, not just in syria but through arms sales in places like the arab states of the persian gulf and even egypt. wherever there is an ability for the russians to exploit u.s. noncommitment in this region. but in terms of reaping what we sow, there is a certain period in time, like the 1990's, where the u.s. berries its head in the sand -- buries its head in the sand. that we can push away from the table in the region itself wants nothing to do with us and there are no mac interests at stake --

i would say the opposite. one of the things that could keep the homeland safe is working with local partners in the region. and america does a lot of good in this region. look back at the history of american missionaries, of early american diplomatic missions, early 1900's. by invitation of some of the arab states in the persian gulf that the u.s. posture there to deter iran. look at what the u.s. has done against isis in places like iraq and syria. forces where a judicious of americans has done a lot. guest: we go to -- host: we go to new jersey, republican. caller: good morning. , on miketo ask what pompeo's laundry list of activities by iran, was

senseted by iran in the that it was not in direct response to the fact that we pulled out of the nuclear deal? either ourtions by so-called ally israel or ourselves in the region? that is one thing. name me one thing on the list that was not a legitimate response by iran to activities by the united states or israel. secondly, please explain to the world why iran is routinely referred to as the greatest exporter of terrorism in the world. and if that is the case, then please explain the difference between the sunni regimes like saudi arabia and the shia regime like iran, and what terror organizations are associated with the sunni regime versus

what terror organizations are associated with the iranian regime? and what the purpose of hezbollah has been in southern lebanon, the existence of hezbollah, supported by iran has been? what is the purpose of hezbollah in southern lebanon? host: ok. taking notes here. guest: yes, about half a page. very interesting comments. i think i can put them into a couple of buckets. the first is what is on the secretary's list is iran doing that is not a response to them a 2018 withdrawal from the jcpoa by the u.s.? the secretary gave a speech at the heritage foundation laying out 12 points for what the and stakes would be for -- end

stakes would be for a new deal with iran. almost all of those challenges are challenges that the islamic republic has posed not just to u.s. interest and security and not just to allied interests and security but to international interests and security since 1979. for instance, the point on hostages. the republic of iran birth itself -- birthed itself through an act of hostagetaking in 1979. has routinelyran supported a wide array of terrorist groups throughout the region since 1979, whether it is trying to pass arms to shia militias in bahrain.

unfortunately, a long history here. ballistic missiles is another issue on the secretary's agenda. it was during the iran-iraq war, north korea,nt to went to obtain ballistic missiles. but now that one tool trying to keep iran safe during the iran-iraq war is actually driving more conflict and instability, when you see the .outhi rebels in yemen the proliferation of these weapons is a problem and are things that have been long-standing in the region and desire to the iranian for the u.s. to withdraw from the deal. many analysts, whether you are pro deal or no opinion, many agree this is the most

successful of that successful exports of the iranian regime. lebanonically created has below. it is now trying to replicate that model, where a militia operates simply from the state and then gets increasing power. the entity is designed not just to co-opt the lebanese state but compose a conventional threat to israel, put a knife to the neck of israel and make israel fight a defensive war on its border as opposed to being able to engage in an offensive war away from its border. lastly, sunni versus shia terrorism. this is one area where it u.s. foreign policy should not discriminate. terrorism is terrorism. it should not just the lone wolf radicalized people on the internet.

the difference is saudi arabia versus iran -- saudi arabia, while there are lots of charities running out of saudi arabia, lots of radical preachers in saudi arabia, as a measure of state policy, the saudi state is pro-u.s. and pro-status quo, but the iranian state is anti-status quo and anti-u.s. and used terrorism as an instrument of saudi u.s. policy in some very lethal ways. the different groups -- it could fall under sunni terrorism, al qaeda, the islamic state, the taliban, things that could fall terrorism, lebanese hezbollah and the wide array of iraqi shia militias. colorado,el in independent, our last. caller: it seems to me, with the change in the last 50 years, it is much easier to have a world

economic war than in world military war. to keep things simple in that regard, but i do not see we have any choice but to start a worldwide economic war to get the changes that we need. host: we have to leave it there, because we are short on time. but take his thoughts there -- a world economic war versus a world military war. guest: that is an interesting point. the u.s. does not really won any warped or these are responses to sustained challenges that iran has posed the last 40 years. it is not just american interests at stake. if we are going to talk economic war and measures, the u.s. has felt increasingly triple using punitive economic pressure like sanctions and relying on the strength of the u.s. dollar and the fact that foreign financial

institutions still need to clear transactions through washington -- new york to make sure there is this power behind something other than just bombs. there is a power behind the u.s. currency, behind transactions, and using that power, washington has been able to achieve some pretty strong national security ads without having to fire single bullet. we are in an era where, covertly, there is a bipartisan interest and nonpartisan capability in the use of cyber and overtly a bipartisan interest in nonpartisan capability in the developments of economic sanctions. in moving to a world where where people do not want conventional conflicts and people do not want to do nothing about a national security crisis, and these two tools will play an increasingly important role. host: to follow behnam ben taleblu's work, you can go to fdd.org.

appreciate the conversation. guest: my pleasure. host: when we come back, later on in the program, we will talk about proposals to institute a carbon tax with the alliance for market solutions' alex flint. coming up next, we take a look at mental health in the united gionfriddo oful mental health america. the president spoke about this issue last thursday during a rally in new hampshire. take a look. [video clip] >> we are working very hard to make sure we keep guns out of the hands of insane people and those who are mentally sick and should not have guns. remember, have to however, that there is a mental illness problem that has to be dealt with. that pullst hun -- pulls the trigger, it's the

person holding the gun. years ago, many cities and states -- i remember so well -- closed mental institutions for budgetary reasons. they let those people out onto the street. you probably have your examples up here. i can tell you, in new york, they closed so many of them. and they let really, seriously mentally ill people out on the streets. .ou see plenty of them today even today. we are going to have to give major consideration to building new facilities for those in need. we have to do it.

and, at the same time, we will andaking mentally deranged dangerous people off of the streets, so we will not have to worry so much about that. that big problem. we do not have those institutions anymore. and people cannot get proper care. there are seriously ill people, and they are on the streets. we cannot make it harder for good, solid, law-abiding citizens to protect themselves. we will always uphold the right to self-defense. and we will always uphold the second amendment. president gionfriddo, and ceo of mental health america, here to talk about mental health and the president's comments we just heard. what do you think about more institutions for the mentally ill? guest: dozens of us who are

state and federal policy makers back 40 years ago, like i was out the state level, recognized that when we d situational eyes are population, -- dean's itutionalizeddeinst our population, we did not have enough immunity based support. but we managed to reinstitutio nalize them. --closed our state possible hospital and reopened them as in -- state jails host: explained that decision. what was going on and why did that happen? guest: the mistake we made was apply this nonclinical standard as a trigger as a matter of public policy to mental illnesses, called danger to self and others.

using that nonclinical standard, we have made mental illness the only chronic diseases in america that we wait until stage iv to treat and only through incarceration. so what happened 40 years ago as a matter of public policy and what has been happening ever since is we have moved people from one public safety system called the public hospital and moved them into another public safety system called the county jail and state prison. we need to integrate health and behavioral health care. when you have a chronic disease of your health or heart or other organ, we need to treat those things in the same kinds of settings, and we need to treat them together. a segregated and unequal system never worked for us and will never work in the future. host: what without treatment look like and how much will it cost? guest: how much does it costs right now to have the segregated and unequal system? we have three quarters of a million people in county jails

right now, many more hundreds of thousands in state and federal prisons. we are paying billions of dollars a year for this lack of care we got. if we were to take those dollars and invest them in something like screening for schoolkids -- because we did not know, back in the 1980's, when i was a state legislator, that half of mental oflages emerged by the age 14. these are childhood illnesses that we often do not recognize or treat until people become adults. if we actually spend a little bit of money on our kids and identify the problems kids have and actually getting them the service, care, and support they need when they have family members who love them, teachers who care about them, a whole bunch of people who can divide services and support them, we would be better off. and we would be saving a lot of prison money. host: according to the mental health america group, over 44 million american adults have a condition, more

americans are insured and accessing care, but 9 million adults report having an unmet need. and mental health care shortage remains. -- guest: the lack of mental health services is a huge problem. i appreciate it whenever state policymakers and federal policymakers are willing to talk about that. the problem is when they conflate mental illness with violence and a propensity to violence. for the most part, most people who have got serious mental health concerns never have a violent thought in their lives. most people have violent ideation never have a mental health concern in their lives. conflating these things and -- address these problems, gun violence or any violence, behind locked doors, we are making a mistake and misunderstanding. this is not a mental health problem.

this problem of violence is a different problem. it is about something else. it is about hate, but other kinds of things, not about depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, or post-traumatic stress. host: if we were to evaluate children in their teenage years for a mental health condition, what conditions would experts find at that age and also at 25, around that age? guest: people would find depression in kids, finding zaidi in kids. they would find get different in kids. my son showed signs of schizophrenia and he was five and was diagnosed with it when he was 16 and we can avoid those diagnoses, but we do not have to. we have to find the serious -- we will find the serious muscle health conditions that people worry about, just like signs of hearing -- we needed to treat

them and we need to give people pathways to recovery and those families pathways to hope. too often now, we are telling people that if your kid has a serious mental illness and are moving to crisis care, we are not giving any hope that they will recover from it. host: is of the federal government or state and local that dictates policy when it comes to mental health? guest: most health matters have been left to the state. when the federal government set up the medicaid program, it specifically decided not to include state hospitals so that the state would pay most of the bill, but in the context of the affordable care act and the mental health perry act of 2008, we have seen a greater willingness in the federal government to take some roll of response ability in the area of mental health as we work to

integrate mental health and behavioral health services. insurance beente impacted by federal laws -- how has private insurance been impacted by federal laws? guest: it is an ongoing shall go to get those parity provisions for private insurance. of the landthe laws enacted in 2008 was enacted and working. private insurance is making an effort, but we have a long way to go before we get there with fair coverage for mental health problems. host: taking viewers' calls. we go to michelle in georgia, democratic caller. i am from atlanta. what i want to say is you are absolutely right. it has nothing to do with mental health.

that when the thing that occupies the white house, it is always mental health when it comes to a white kate. is justack kid, there nothing -- they are this and that. but we know he has a war on black and brown people in this country. we are not going to stand for it. the only way you can get rid of s that come nazi appears for a black person to get a gun -- host: ok, we will not advocate for violence and you will not use the platform for that. if you want to address, though, the issues of mental health that she brought up at the beginning of her comment. guest: i think those issues are important to address. one of the things we tend to do, when there is an act of violence, is we often focus in on the shooters or the

perpetrators of that violence, whereas we should focus in on the victims of that violence. some of the young people of color -- and white kids, too -- are growing up in neighborhoods that are violent right now. we do not realize the traumas of violence leaves a lasting effect on those people. if we forget and are not sensitive to that and say and do things to promote hate or promote people feeling as if they needed to take things into their own hands, then we are really doing a disservice to everybody. i often say that in the aftermath of any violence. when we just move people into deal with those mental health issues for a month or two and then move people away, we are forgetting the mental traumas of having to live in that kind of an environment are lifelong, just as physical traumas can be. host: how should it be treated?

guest: it should be treated lifelong. we cannot just say, when there have been school shootings, for example -- i often point out to people that we go in and do things immediately. and we just forget what is going on. earlier this year, there were two students who had been at parkland who died by suicide year later. there was a parent of a child who lost her life at sandy hook who took his life by suicide six years later. and there was a columbine survivor who died by suicide 20 years later, all this past spring. what we should be doing is recognizing that is the kind of impact this has. and when we are looking at mental illness and mental health condition, we need to be understanding. we need to be providing services, care, and support for all of those people, too. because those are serious mental

health problems. they were life-threatening mental health problems they had. the answer is not a 19th century solution -- institutionalization -- to this 21st century challenge we have. the answer is making the entirety of our society better and to provide services and support to everybody and recognize that mental health is as much a priority and is worth investment as physical health is. host: how do you get people to access mental health when they need it immediately? not long term treatment but are searching for help right now? guest: that is key. right now, we often say wait 10 years and then we will diagnose you and give you treatment. i believe we should do universal mental health screening. the u.s. preventative services task force references for

everyone over the age of 11. a lot of people say if lisa green, what are we going to do about that? if we screen, we recognize and understand. we offer free mental health that you can take anonymously. people want this screening, because it helps us identify. and when we talk about immediate help, people do not just want referrals to mental health professionals. they want that, but they also just need more information. they want do it yourself tools to maintain their own health. and they want engagement with peers, people like themselves who have the same lived experience, who can help them through whatever challenging time they are having. we can provide all of those things to people, even in this environment where we have a shortage of mental health professionals. people are asking for four things, not one thing, and we can do that right away. that is what we should be supporting. host: marcia in clearwater,

florida, republican. question or comment? caller: comment and question. i am bipolar. one i heard president trump say what he said, and others, blaming these things on mental illness, i was shocked. again, people who have mental illness was being stigmatized. i agree with president trump with almost everything he is doing, even some of the things he says, to which i was a child, we had towards jefferson and archie bunker. and archieefferson bunker. having said that, i agree totally with what he is saying. unfortunately, when i was 30 years old, i committed a crime and went to prison. it was there i found out i had bipolar disorder. said that i do not

have to deal with it, you do. today.eal with it i am on medication. i do well. unfortunately, when it comes to employment, it is not long, because of my uniqueness, for lack of better words, that people notice there is something odd about me. it is not a bad odd. i am happy-go-lucky must of the time. but it causes problems, and before long, i am gone. i cannot hold a job. having said all of that, i would --e to ask this question what would be the cost, and i think that is why most mental health institutions were closed is asone everything today a disorder? mental have so many health counselors and so many things going on?

what government, local and federal, are afraid of, cost? thank you for listening to me. host: ok, marshall. guest: thank you for that. this is one of those issues where the republican and democratic lines do not make much difference. we are all together about this. all those of us who have had some experience, either in our own lives, with a serious mental health condition, or in the that of loved ones, agree we cannot go back to this notion of a custodial care institution. when we think about the cost of that alone, we are not talking a few million dollars. we are talking tens of billions of dollars of costs associated with trying to go back to and rebuilding a system like the one we have, which already failed. the reason we shut them down was those institutions were not working.

it did not really matter how much money we continued to try to pour into those institutions. when i was a state legislator in the 1970's and 1980's, no matter what we did, it did not make anything better. we were taking care of people as best we could but were not moving people to the path of recovery. but some of the people did not need to be taken care of that way. that is the point we are missing. so many people with mental illnesses, serious -- are employed. summoning people with serious mental illnesses are our neighbor -- so many people with serious mental illnesses are our neighbors. and we do not notice it unless they have a criminal record or people like you where we do not let them get work because of their background, do not get housing because of their background paid we are exacerbating the problem by forcing people out of housing, forcing people onto medicare.

it is because much of the doesic homeless population have a behavioral health condition as well. host: modesto, california, bonnie is watching there, an independent. .aller: i had a cyst she was murdered. was sent to prison and diagnosed as being psychotic. she was put on medication. when she was put on medication, then she was normal. but when they turn her out, then they turned our -- her out to no system or anything to turn to, and pretty soon, she was -- she was trying to get help, but soon the mental illness took over again, and she was then turned to homelessness again, and she was murdered. and she did not have no place to go to get mental health or

anything. and it was ronald reagan who really turned all the mental health facilities out. there are thousands of people like her out there who have nowhere to turn or nowhere to go. and when you are in the homeless community, it is a very dangerous place. guest: i am so sorry for your loss. isthose stories, your story, so similar to so many other stories, and many of them have tragic outcomes that way. because, as you point out, when tutionalized in the 1980's -- and i will not blame one person or one side, because we should have all paid attention to building systems of care and support in the communities, but in the new federalism of the 1980's, it pushed a lot of burden, through

block grants, to the state. states did not have money to build community and mental health centers that president kennedy and president carver -- visualized.rter because of that, the homeless population exploded. so money people who could have led a highly productive lives in communities were instead left on our streets to suffer really dire consequences. host: barbara in martha's vineyard, democratic caller. caller: sir, there is nothing you could do with your life that is more valuable than what you're doing at this moment. every word you have said is accurate and brilliant. i am 72. i adopted two kids who had issues. i am a child of parents who had issues. i now have four grandchildren who have issues. so i have this interesting

genetic situation that i am learning through. and what you said about having online screenings is so extraordinary. i did not know that. that is incredible. plus, the statistics about the fact that these conditions show up in childhood. i am in massachusetts, which is arguably the bluest, most progressive state in the country, living in martha signet -- years,s vineyard for 13 and my children started with screening at age two. they have had the perfect course of treatment. they are on meds for half of the conditions they have and we are working on others, including counseling and therapy for them that goes up to age 14 on their state-funded medicaid program. absolutely exquisite model. i would like you to answer one

question for the public and forming. tell us how we transition from the word "mental illness" toause this is all physical "behavioral health." it is arguable the difference what is "mental" to "behavioral," to bring this back to president trump. i want to ask you to help their to the stigma. and last thing, for you, greta and the staff, you need to bring in geneticists and biologists to get to the root of where this comes from, and point out that white americans, black americans, all have variable genomes that can carry these conditions in different ways. this segment and the last one was extraordinary. just take a vacation and play

these segments over and over again next week. host: thanks, barbara. [laughter] guest: thank you. any comment about massachusetts, it is the state has done the most with mental health screenings for kids through its program. your testimony there is testimony for the difference it is making in lives. i also have my kids who are adopted, and timothy, who i've talked about and written about, and he has been public about the battle he has had with schizophrenia, was treated so differently from another one of my children, who died of cancer as an adult, in adulthood. and this often contrasted for me the difference in the way people reacted to her stage iv metastatic breast cancer to tim's stage iv schedule for any of.

the bottom line for both of my children, even when they talk to each other, when larissa was ill and timothy was sick, was they were both dealing with health matters, and they both understood how similar the kinds of battles they had were, with insurance, social support networks, and with other kinds of issues as well. what it came down to, fundamentally for larissa, was how many people dealing with a chronic, physical condition such as hers also had serious dental health problems that needed to be addressed. for me, i like moving away from mental health and even behavioral health just to overall health as much as i can. because it helps us see these conditions are not only very similar, and people are treated certainilarly and -- in respects and differently another respect, but they come hand in glove. so money people with mental health conditions also have serious physical conditions. when we throw people into

institutions, lock the doors, and throw away the keys, we reduce the life expectancy by up to 25 years by doing that. that is what the data and studies show us. the reason we reduce their life's presidency is we did not just treat their mental health issues, we did not treat other physical issues either. host: on her point about the genome, is it being mapped, to look for behavioral issues, genetic traits that people could recognize early on? is a potential for children or early adults? guest: let me put in a plug for nimh -- i am not sure this week allowed to put in plugs for itself -- but they are really supporting a lot of research that has moved far upstream now. it started with what they were around psychosis and is

moving upstream. there's a lot of research being supported. one line for brain health is raising tons of money to support research in university settings as well. there is progress year. by the advocates have gone a little ahead of the scientists -- but the advocates have gotten a little ahead of the scientists. that wends at nimh said only thought of one criticism which you stated. but the science is catching up. it would be an interesting interview for you. host: we go to larry, oklahoma, republican. caller: good morning. i would like to ask mr. gionfriddo to discuss the causes of mental health and how they environmental or genetics?

guest: i cannot do that justice in a short period of time. but heredity plays a role, but there is interaction between environment and heredity. when people talk about schizophrenia potentially being preventable what they're talking about is that some of the fundamental conditions in neighborhoods, trauma, exposure to trauma, that can cause posttraumatic stress disorder as a condition and can contribute to schizophrenia and depression and anxiety. if you look to the environmental those that may exacerbate , think of exposure to violence, exposure to child abuse, exposure to people having time in jail. an abusive neighborhood or abusive household. even if you're not directly a subject of the abuse.

if those are the interactions that ironically could not just the root causes of mental health concerns but are some of the fundamental root causes to violence as well. they are different things and we can go back to root causes and address them both. looking at those things that will make children's lives better. host: you can go to mentalhealthamerican.net. we appreciate the conversation. guest: appreciate it. host: when we come back we will talk to alliance for market aboutons'alex flint proposals for a carbon tax. we will be right back. ♪

>> saturday on booktv at 7:00 p.m. eastern come in her latest and author looks at the challenges female arab and middle eastern journalists face while reporting. >> one of the authors pushed through whatever barriers they had and wrote openly and honestly about their deepest struggles. isessay that comes to mind such a honest account of grief and loss and reflects the state of the arab world today. this is not an uplifting book. >> sunday at 7:45 p.m. eastern, a princeton university professor on race and gender and class in america. her most recent book is "breathe: a letter to my son."

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c-span2. journal" continues. host: there to talk about climate change and carbon tax is alex flint from alliance for market solutions. what is your group? guest: a group of republicans who take climate site seriously and think we need to respect the risk associated with the potential of climate changing and as conservatives we need to talk about policy remedies appropriate and consistent with our values. we talk to members of congress frequently and like to have respectful conversations, republicans talking to republicans, to convince them this is an issue we need to face head on and that we need to pursue policies consistent with our values. becauseeen fascinating leaving something where the conversation about climate change is increasingly important and dynamic and the party's

orthodoxy is changing and we are a part of that information. host: with republicans are you talking to? guest: we spoke to 82 members of congress last year and 81 said the climate was changing. the conversations quickly moved from, i recognize it and we see it, the sea level rising and hurricanes more intense or more tornadoes, to come as republicans what should we do? what is the federal government's responsibility? that is the fascinating part of this conversation because, as republicans, we do not like to imagine an expansion of regulation which is what a lot of people think is the appropriate response to climate change. we recognize we can subsidize technologies and behaviors that are low carbon but as conservatives we recognize the government does not happen all that much money available in these years of trillion dollar deficits and we talk about a carbon tax. that can be a challenging conversation with politicians,

all tax conversations are challenging with politicians. we found that most economists agree a carbon tax is most efficient way to reduce carbon pollution. a lot of corporations are following suit and are beginning to support a carbon tax. as a result the politicians are paying attention to the conversation and wondering how would a carbon tax work and what would be structures be and what it does the tax reform package look like? we facilitate that conversation. host: what is a carbon tax? guest: an economy wide caused of admitting carbon pollution into it -- emitting carbon pollution into the atmosphere. a challenges there is no cost associated with emitting carbon in the atmosphere and people do it without regard to the climate. reduce that by regulating and imposing limits on what power plants we can have or what cars we can drive or lightbulb's weekend purchase. -- we can purchase.

ideally we put a price on it and if you want to emit carbon you wee to pay through a tax should assign a value to that and put a tax on that activity and use the revenue to reduce other taxes. we are not supportive of increasing tax revenue. we think we are at a point in the physical condition of the country we need to have a really open and honest conversation about the monetary condition and how we should reform the tax code. . do not like taxes i personally dislike paying my taxes like most people do. the government does collect $3.5 trillion in taxes every year and spent $4.5 trillion which is why we have deficits and we should have a reasonable conversation about how the government should collect $3.5 trillion a year in taxes or what i'm not it needs to meet obligations and we think taxes on earnings and income are bad and created disincentive for

work as it would be much better to reduce taxes on earnings and income. and collect taxes we need you on the consumption side of the equation, particularly carbon tax. we call it tax reform but what it does is allows the economy to grow because it reduces taxes on earnings and income and reduces carbon pollution. we view this as a policy that both addresses our need for economic growth and climate change. delaney,ten to john yesterday talking about climate change. he talked about what he believes is the country -- believe the country should do on carbon. >> a lot of republicans are looking for a life line, they want a way out with climate change that is somewhat consistent with what they viewed their larger market principles. i think a carbon tax and dividend does it. .y father was an electrician

i was first in my family to go to college and my father said to me, we did not have 50 political lessons at the their table and he said, if you care about workers, you vote for the democrat. that was the democratic party i grew up in, a party that put the worker at the center. the nice thing about the carbon fee and dividend, you put a price on carbon and erases $3 trillion over 10 years and every american gets a pro rata dividend. the same dividend. you realize the working people's dividend is bigger than the amount there energy cost go up your a nice thing about the carbon's fee is you look at 50% of the country that cannot afford their basic necessities, that is unfortunately the world we live in, whether their rent or utilities or their food. you can look them in the eye and say i will solve climate change but not on your back. host: alex flint, could your group get behind that?

guest: he is correct in republicans are looking for a life line and recognize the climate is changing and denying that challenges over and that the party is working to figure out how to reposition itself for -- differently on climate change. because republicans like to pay attention to economists we recognize a carbon tax is the most efficient way to reduce carbon fully. .- carbon pollution because pentax dividend proposal, talking to members of carbon -- congress, we are at the early stages and there is wrestling about we need to do something, what is it? inhink it is premature to go with a prepackaged solution and say we have a bunch of people who downtown who bought into a formulation but our view is it is better to go in and say, there is a problem and we have a choice between regulation, subsidies, or a tax and let's talk about the pros and cons of each one and we think the tax will be the prevailing

conversation. let's talk about how to structure that. we think we need to be open to what the revenue issues. for example, the president this week said we should be considering a payroll tax reduction. payroll taxes are onerous and they reduce the value of a worker's day because it takes money out of the pocket. 2% andg the payroll tax using the carbon tax at $40 per time to replace that payroll tax reduction, we showed that result in more economic growth then he dividend. -- than a dividend. having a conversation with policy makers about how we would do a carbon tax and what the revenues would be, and the conversation is ready for that and the details will take time to come together. host: do you support or oppose this idea of a carbon tax? republicans, 202-748-8001. democrats, 202-748-8000. independents, 202-748-8002.

there is criticism of republicans getting behind a carbon tax. ci sayie this would expose -- cei says it would expose political risk and the power to tax involves the power to destroy and even in moderate increasescarbon tax on autopilot year after year. an accurate -- enactment would thoseen and not mollify seeking to break up also few companies in the name of climate change, conservatives want to keep american energy abundant and affordable and u.s. manufacturers competitive they must reject carbon taxes. guest: whenever someone poses tax reform there will be people who protest and that organization does a good job of

protesting. my view is that the more responsible thing to do is step back and say, what are we going to do about climate change? we want to look a tax reform and say how will we reform taxes? any tax reform proposal, revenue neutral as we proposed, will raise taxes in some area and reduce taxes in other areas. the people who see their taxes go up will protest. if we step back and look at the economy as a whole and consumers and taxpayers as a whole, this is a better way to do tax policy. one example, when we tax people's earnings they cannot get away from those taxes. if they make money, they are forced to pay taxes. the beautiful thing about a carbon tax it is designed to change behavior. you can be assured i will do everything i can to avoid the carbon tax. , am not sure what that is maybe better insulation or start using the metro instead of driving and maybe that i sell

one of my cars and buy an electric car. i will do everything i can to avoid paying the carbon tax. that is the beauty of the tax. it induces a change of behavior that will be necessary to address climate change. my view is a power taxpayers to make decisions for themselves and recognize that anytime you change the tax code, there will be entrenched interests who will protest. but step back and look at the entire system and make decisions that are in the best interest of all. host: walter in butler, indiana, republican. caller: thank you for taking my call. you have a slippery tongue. i am laughing. you are like, it is great, we will make outrageously high prices and the person will be so much better, why don't we ride around on horses, but they might cause pollution. every year you come up with new reasons to -- let me ask you a

question, all of these knuckleheads with the carbon footprint, al gore, flying on private jets, people who can afford this are easy to pass it off to the average person to if the united states became perfectly in your wallet where everybody walked around with sandals and bicycles and nobody -- just lit candles and a third world country again with nobody -- no cows or no tickets and givey ate meat, will we china and india to go along with us? threeere.re is a lot the notion of returning the united states to a third world country, i am in the opposite camp, ensuring in a make -- i want to make sure the standard of living can improve going forward and when we look at the options we have we can look at

it with a regulation or carbon tax and a challenge with regulations that, if you impose dictating how people -- what light. can use, you go through a process where manufacturers and consumers go through and make the tort process and settle on a set of standards and manufacture lightbulbs to that standard indefinitely and the manufacturers do not want to see that standard change and you lot in technology. if you do it with a price on carbon, you have a continuous incentive for people to make more efficient light bulbs. you accelerate the transformation of technology. building off of your suggestion that this could hinder us and keep us or move us back into the third world. come upk about how to with a mechanism to provide continuous incentive to innovate and that is one of the aspects attractive to a carbon tax. host: who pays a carbon tax? guest: everybody.

ideally it is upstream, for example, at the mouth of the coal mine or at the oil well. the producers of the fuels impose a cost that is passed down through all of their suppliers to eventual consumers. that is because you are try to send the signal for consumers about this product contains a certain amount of carbons that results in carbon pollution. to avoid the tax, change your behavior and stop using this much. carbonl that admits pollution -- that emits carbon pollution. it is powerful and it changes behavior and to do that you need to have the real cost reveals to consumers throughout the economy . host: who can afford the alternative, electric cars, solar panels, when the average american is struggling to pay their heating bill and now it is getting higher and they cannot turn and by solar panels for

their home? guest: we have to be matter-of-fact about the fact that we will have costs associated with this and personally i am motivated by another set of costs, i want to avoid the questions -- i do not want to avoid the question and i will get to it in a minute. i worry about my personal finances and economics over the long-term and i'm very worried about the cost of climate change. i am worried about close to leave erosion and saltwater and hown into aquifers long will you be able to get a 30 year mortgage for coastal properties or properties where there is flooding. there will be eight economic -- an from climate change economic effect on climate change and we need to confront that cost and mitigated which turns us to these tools. there are costs associated with every way of addressing climate change. regulations imposed costs on consumers by limiting choices. those costs are higher than the same changes which would be

driven by a carbon tax. for example, renewable portfolio standards where utility companies are told by states you have to generate electricity including this much solar and this much renewable and this what whatever happens -- this much whatever it happens to be. that is more expensive to the consumer than imposing a carbon tax that would drive the same transformation. we are sensitive to the fact this would drive up prices which is why our suggestion is the revenue from the carbon tax should be returned to the taxpayers by reductions in other taxes. toare try to drive a signal the marketplace but try to make sure people's quality of life and standard of living improves rather than suffering from what climate change may impose upon us later. host: west virginia, independent, lee. tu,ler: the carbon tax, the b until the battery

comes up, it will not work. host: let's take that. guest: the point about batteries he is try to make i think is the extent we want to increase our use on intermittent sources of electricity like wind and solar, we need to figure how to provide electricity when it is not sunny and not windy. the point is well taken. we need some way to store electricity for when intermittent sources are not available and some sort of stores technology. if we can get batteries built on the scale necessary to meet red level demand for electricity it will change the electricity market. a very good point. we need to drive the innovation to get the batteries available. host: michael in washington, d.c., republican. caller: can you respond to a situation in canada where they have a carbon tax. the calgary herald said school district have been subject to

cost of $3.3 million and have had to take buses off the roads. you say you like a carbon tax because it alters behavior, interesting coming from a likervative to say they government policy which changes behavior. how do you think children should change their behavior to get to school and how their parents should get them to school? guest: as a conservative i believe we should face our problems head on and that when we decide on our solutions we should make sure they are informed by the most efficient possibly. we should always seek the low-cost solution to our problems. the example of the buses in canada. there will be a lot of these examples where decisions people make today because they included -- they polluted the atmosphere will be economic and i do not know the answer to replacing school buses, maybe it costs more to drive them until we figure out a better way to provide transportation without

emitting so much carbon pollution into the atmosphere. i like a carbon tax because it allows people to make a decision about where is the best places to save. a school district example, they decide we need to save money because the taxes we pay on the buses. by changingr carbon our boilers and it can let us make the most efficient economic decision. there will be difficult decisions and if we want to face the challenge of climate change head on, we need to be matter-of-fact about how difficult some of this will be. host: amy in richmond, virginia, democrat. caller: hello. that we need to do something about climate change and it is going to be a very difficult process. a question i had is, what about the oil and gas companies?

they live on profit. to be as their profits high as possible and do not care about climate change or the earth. anything push back on that is going to cause people to use less oil and gas. guest: amy, i have a different perspective. i spoke to the oil and gas companies and they have very good technical experts and many have acknowledged the issue and they are very good at understanding what regulatory and tax costs will be on them. that is why you see exxon mobil and shell and conoco phillips support a carbon tax because the recognize a carbon tax is much easier for them to work with then regulations that will drive the same changes for the company , they can be an oil and gas producer or a utility company or any other company that uses a lot of energy. when they think about climate change and regulations, a carbon tax is attractive because it

simply changes the cost of one of their fuel. they deal with change in cost of input all the time. whether oil and gas company or utility, given the choice, a taxes something they know how to use. utility company for example and you are used to dispatching and turning on your generators in a certain order, you may move wind up the stack or dispatch an earlier or move natural gas earlier. there is a recognition that something needs to be done in businesses and they look at the comparison between regulations and taxes and i think the reputation of the oil companies is changing because they are actually beginning to participate constructively in these conversations and the three and mentioned a particular are advocating a carbon tax. host: margaret in texas, independent. caller: good morning. how are you this morning? host: fine. caller: and my on with alex flint? host: you are.

caller: first of all, before i give my perspective, i want to tell you about school buses, a chinese company, they produce tsectric buses with two plan in the united states and many counties are buying electric buses and many school district -- because expensive gasoline is expensive. drive anears old and i all electric vehicle. i bought two years ago a used leaf. very inexpensive. where the electric vehicles come in inexpensive compared to the gasoline is that i can drive 4.8 miles on one kilowatt of electricity. me co-op i belong to charges

$.11 per kilowatt. do the math and see how much i am saving when i'm not buying gasoline. my only maintenance for this car, windshield wipers and tires. i love the garage i used to go to with my old gasoline car but i do not see those lovely people as often, only once year when i have to get my car inspected to get a registered. i do not have to go for water pumps or have anything checked. yearsaving thousands per in driving this electric car. on top of that i read a lot of news and stay up on it. the department of energy and the department of defense are heavy into renewables. i was surprised with the department of energy coming from texas and who heads up the department of energy, governor

good hair perry who is not the brightest bulb in the world. -- they aresible heavy into her noble energy. carbon tax is fine but why not also take away the subsidies to the fossil fuels? host: let's get to that. guest: she is cooler than a lot of people 70 years younger. she is coming to the next party i haven't the house. she is correct -- i have at the house. tosidies work and if we want have more renewable we can repay producers to use those technologies to produce electricity. thatve a challenge with because we are fiscal conservatives and worried about federal deficits and -- currently we spend $15 billion a year in one form or another subsidizing energy production.

it works but it cannot be done on the scale necessary to drive this transformation. our suggestion is a carbon tax works better. over theford to do it long-term and if we want to drive a real change in the energy infrastructure in this country, we have to put policies in place that will be durable and will last for decades so people can make investments with an eye on the long-term. we need to agree on a structure that can be sustained a lyrically and economically for the long-term. -- politically and economically for the long-term. is muchs work at it better however to get to a place where we put a price on carbon pollution. host: kevin in ohio, republican. caller: i have a couple points. thenl get off the phone and let you answer them. when has the climate ever not changed throughout the history of the planet?

secondly, what was the level of the sea levels, did it go up or down over the last two years, they have gone down although they have gone down slightly but they have gone down and that is according to noaa. and why did we switch from calling it man-made global warming to climate change, which has been with the planet since the planet has visited? the last thing i would like to say, where does electricity come from? andust does not pop up there is no energy involved or no energy used or made to create by verys created similar things that do produce the same thing you are talking about. my last thing is, we are technologically developing out andsing fossil fuels anyway probably by 2040 or 2050 we will naturally out of economics because it is cheaper have more electric cars and more efficient

homes and heating, and whatnot, why should we take a huge blow now to the u.s. economy whereas china and india, the primary culprits, won't, and it will naturally work its way out like we have watched the advances occur anyway. host: ok, kevin. guest: sea level rise, the challenges that the scientists do tell us that man contribution of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere is accelerating climate change and we should anticipate fairly significant climate change in the coming decades and the coming centuries. i have had this conversation where people say what is the correct sea level rise and i say it is probably the rise that caused us to build cities and ports and other infrastructure around the oceans. a real challenge we have is if the sea begins to rise.

we have a lot of cities that will be flooded and it was change our lives significantly. we need to recognize that we are invested in the world as we know it today and we should resist significant changes to the climate. where does electricity come from? i know a lot about where it comes from. the answer is, electricity comes from a diverse set of sources and we need to focus on those sources that have low greenhouse gas emissions and need to invest. i am not an advocate for a particular electricity generation technology but i am an advocate for incentivizing all electricity generators to use low carbon technologies. final, third point about his comments, trade in technologies and what other countries will do. this issue is emerging worldwide. other economies are making investments in clean energy technologies.

i would like to see the united states be the dominant force in clean energy technologies around the world. it is important the u.s. market the open and incentivize the deployment of the technology so u.s. companies manufacture and develop those technologies and we sell them around the world. it is an important part of our vision of long-term economic growth and prosperity for the united states. towould be irresponsible wait for other countries to develop these technologies and have to purchase it from them. host: one last call. lee in indiana. democratic caller. caller: good morning. can you hear me? host: yes. caller: i believe in climate change. listening to both sides but how do you argue against a man on radio every day that totally disagrees with you, named rush listening to bothlimbaugh, meteh limbaugh.

he disagrees with you 100%. i do not know how you argue with that. i believe in climate change. i believe it is changing and there is evidence every year. host: let's get a response. guest: this is something i struggled with for a while when confronted with deniers. did i need to try to convince them they were wrong and to change their mind? that is not actually all that important. there are a group of people who deny climate change and i think there always will be just like there is a group of people who think the earth is flat and we did not land a man on the moon. those people exist. they are convinced any righteousness of their position and i am in some way respectful of their view but i do not think that is the view that it is important as we think about public policy going forward. i have been pleased with, we met

with 82 republican members of congress last year and 81 acknowledged the climate was changing as they said things like i see the infestation in colorado and the sea level is up and hurricanes. the deniers are not part of the conversation anymore. they will always exist and we should leave them alone. much more relevant today is, most of us acknowledge it, most voters say climate change is happening and we are struggling with what do we do about it. that is where we are in the conversation and that is where the disengagement is and we should not waste energy on deniers. host: to learn more about alliance for market solutions go esearch.org. thank you. guest: thank you for the time. host: when we come back, your top policy issues, republicans, 202-748-8001. immigrants, 202-748-8001. -- democrats, 202-748-8000.

independents, 202-748-8002. a key super pac working to keep the senate and republican control. they talked about upcoming senate contests his group is focusing on, colorado and maine. newsmakers is sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern time. entry toickenlooper's the race is not a bad thing for republicans as he ran a disastrous race for president as he may joe biden look young -- he made joe biden look young. democrats will not step aside for a guy who turned in a d- performance and they could complement desk obligate their primary and if he emerges as the nominee, not sure he will but even if he does, hickenlooper has not been seriously tested by

a republican as the last republican he defeated was thompson credo -- john thain -- cory gardner is one of the most talented politicians emerge in recent and i think he will turn in a good race and hickenlooper being in, i do not think changes the dynamic and may possibly make it more competitive for us to make sure we keep the us in our column. >> what you think of the maine race and what you think your chances in holding onto that cr? >> susan collins reminds me of joe manchin, a state has shifted in terms of its partisan moorings, she is deeply well known in that state, a small state like west virginia and also a state that is sensitive to the importance of the role of the federal government and relies on federal leadership to make sure it is -- their interests are rejected. those kinds of -- are protected. those officeholders are difficult to defeat as we had

the friends with joe manchin in the last election and you can spend 5000 rating points on tv trying to tarnish a canada's reputation and it bounces off the body armor -- candidates reputation and it bounces off the body armor. susan collins is like that. they know her there and know what she has done for bath iron works and other things like that in the state. i think democrats will not a serious effort as they want revenge for the brett kavanaugh vote. i think she has a durable image that will make sure she gets reelected when she runs. >> "washington journal" continues. host: we will wrap up the program with your top public policy issues. we will begin with headlines, news that has broken this koch has diedd at the age of 79 because of health complications.

china has decided to impose new billion of u.s. goods in retaliation for declining trade negotiations and russia has ordered a military training response to the u.s. missile test. finally, seth moulton of massachusetts has dropped out of the 2020 presidential race. you news this morning that can respond to but your top public policy issues. on the news of david koch's death, 79 years old and a statement by his brother, the saying it is with a heavy heart i announce the passing of my brother david, anyone who worked with david experienced his giant personality and passion for life. davidc story says that koch, a prostate cancer

survivor, donated a lot of money to research and was a supporter for the arts in new york city, donated to the lincoln center and $65 million to support renovation of the metropolitan museum of art and donated to republican causes. when he was diagnosed with cancer 27 years ago he was given five years to live. his brother says. another quote from charles, david lise is a combination of brilliant doctors and state-of-the-art medications and his own stubbornness kept the cancer at bay. we can all be grateful it did because he touched so many lives as a result. your top public policy issue this morning. liberty, texas come independent. -- liberty taxes -- liberty, texas, independent. caller: good morning, greta. i wanted to speak to the country. ,herever you are hearing this

please demand a paper ballot to create a paper trail so you can audit. can you hear me? host: we are listening. so we can audit? tellr: so we can already it's because apparently what has been going on for a long time, people think it was russians which it was not, so both sides can believe in a calley that is proper and true create a paper trail as we need paper ballots because it has been proven by democrats that found software where these votes flipped for the other side and generally it is for the democrats. if we just can't have paper ballots and an honest -- can have paper ballots and an honest result where we can believe in them because the polls are so skewed it is ridiculous. that is what i would ask, demand a paper ballot. policyhat is his top

issue. what is yours? republicans, 202-748-8001. democrats, 202-748-8000. .onependents, 202-748-8002 china's decision to retaliate terrace,e, cnbc -- cnbc says they will retaliate with $75 billion for the terrace s on u.s.oods -- tariff goods and auto tariffs. on cars.fs it will go into effect december 15. them in april.d gary, indiana, independent. caller: thank you for taking my call. i am 81 years old. i stress my condolences to the koch family on the passing of david.

even though he was a great , on the other side of the coin he was a conservative politician. the reason i'm calling is my deep concern about politics on the local level that affects me as an individual. jersey, inentral new east brunswick, new jersey, and all of new jersey, which has over 500 individual communities, have part-time mayors and full-time administrators. the issue that concerns me is the infrastructure, the roads, the taxes, and the state constitution, the financing of schools, state property tax, that is killing a lot of homeowners. the other issue which is very important is gerrymandering. by both the democratic and republican parties. they have gerrymandered

districts according to economic housing. brunswick,, in east my area has garden apartments and small homes, co-ops, industry, and the estates are in the other section. these schools are becoming segregated and that is wrong. i believe i may or cannot be part-time in any municipality, they have to be full-time. my mayor is a great politician and physician but you cannot have a part-time mayor and a full-time administrator. manoncern as an 81-year-old living not into a senior jason -- senior citizen development, services are not provided and i am paying property tax and condominium taxes. i want to thank pbs and greta for the excellent program you put on every day. host: i think you meant c-span.

, vladimirsia story putin orders reciprocal russian response to u.s. missile test as the russian president on friday ordered a like for like response to a recent u.s. missile test which he says show that deployton aims to previously banned missiles around the world and the pentagon said monday it tested a conventionally configured cruise deploy previously bannedmissile that ht after more than 500 or 310 miles of flight. first test in the demise of a landmark nuclear pact this past month. washington withdrew from the cold war era intermediate range nuclear forces treaty on august 2 after teasing moscow of violating it, hr's dismissed by the kremlin. it prohibited land based missiles with the range 300 10-400 miles and reduce the ability of both countries to launch a nuclear strike at short notice. also, writing in the new york times, the senate majority

leader mitch mcconnell, republican of texas, about the filibuster, the filibuster plays a crucial role. he says democrats are now watching the senate 60 vote threshold for ending debate on legislation and it is an assault on the legislative filibuster which would make the nomination site and that has been lowered democrats when they control became her and he said lowering the filibuster would make the nomination fight look like child's play. islegislation the tradition not efficiency but the liberation, one of the body central purposes is making new laws earn broader support than what is required for a bare majority in the house. mitch mcconnell riding in the "new york times" update pages -- op-ed pages. jeff come independent, florida. did -- jeff, independent,

florida. caller: my concern is campaign reform and renewing democracy in the united states. we should eliminate the electoral college. we should reverse citizens united. eliminate campaign contributions. the lawmakers can actually go back to focusing specifically on making laws and listening to their constituents. changes of policy rather than dialing for dollars on a regular basis. one of the unfortunate truths is stronge media has a very incentive not to see these things change because they have been pummeled by the internet in terms of their business model of giving away their stories for free. and therefore one of the biggest cash cows for the media is

and that ismpaigns, why they regularly always talk about the individual politicians are accumulating, and now they are using that as a means of getting on the stage for one of the debates, it is specifically how much fundraising they can do. host: alex in southern pines, north carolina, democratic caller. your turn to tell washington your top public policy issue. caller: my top public policy, and i think this should be the top public policy for everyone is the effect that global climate change is going to have within my lifetime. i am 23 years old. i am in millennial. i am just for five by these

stories -- by these stories they give estimates that within 10 years miami is likely to be underwater because of rising sea levels. i think that is personally terrifying. host: ok. new york times has a story about bernie sanders unveiling his climate change plan and it is $16 trillion, they say mr. sanders did an interview with the paper on wednesday night and he said his proposal would pay for itself for 15 years and create 20 million jobs. there is no broadly agreed-upon figure about how much needs to be spent to reduce carbon's but one study says as much as $4.5 trillion could be needed just to modernize the nation's power grid. paul in virginia, democrat, good morning. caller: good morning.

i do not understand, when people on the far right, when they are saying anytime the left wants to help regular people it is socialism, do they not understand that they will cash out aces -- social security check and they drive on paved roads and why did the people on the far right uneducated and llow rush limbaugh to dictate said global, they warming was a liberal creation and now they believe it. host: ok. top public policy issue being climate change. program note, this morning the second circuit court in new york city will hear the case about the president's financial records. you recall the house financial services sued to get his

financial records from deutsche bank and capital one and that case is being heard and we will have coverage on c-span around 11:30 am eastern time today. argument expected to last 40 hour, the second circuit court of appeals in new york city with live coverage on c-span at 11:30 am eastern. your top public policy issue is our conversation with all of you. we have about 10 minutes left so keep calling in. headlines, the washington post, house is unlikely to get trump's tax returns before 202 vote as house democrats seem unlikely to get his tax returns according to interviews with legal experts from several lawmakers. as resistance from the trumpet ministries and has stymied their efforts to get his personal financial records and several

democrats involved in oversight see a long path to getting a final court decision, even if they expect to win in the end. i donald trump appointed judge will hear the case first and any decision likely to be appealed up to the supreme court. of it to be resolved by fall 2020 what amount to democrats drawing and a probable legal perfect straight according to a former u.s. assistant district whoseey and richard neal panel is leading the pursuit of his tax returns has thus far opted not to pursue the state returns despite a new law in new york providing the authority to do so. that any washington post. this headline in the washington times this morning, the president gives up his fight to come back on foreign aid. $4.3 billion in waste will be added to the deficit is how the washington times brings us that story. they report president trump

abandon the push for cuts in foreign aid faced with opposition from lawmakers in both parties this fight swelling deficits. "it is clear many on the hill are not willing to join in curbing wasteful spending." clearesident has been that there is waste and abuse in the foreign system and we need to be wise about where u.s. money is going. that is why he asked his demonstration to look into options to doing just that. he goes on to say that the white house was seeking up to $4.3 billion in rescissions from the state department budget and the u.s. agency for international development. it is the second of consecutive years that the white house has sought unsuccessfully to trim foreign aid already appropriated by congress before the end of the fiscal year. among the programs the white house wanted to cut was funding for a green new deal for africa and solar panels for central asia.

read more of that on washington times.com. a story in usa today about greenland and the senator tom cotton saying he suggested to the president that the united states by greenland -- buy greenland. it is in usa today this morning. a little bit from the story. this is what tom cotton said wednesday little rock -- in little rock, he responded to a question about the comments about buying greenland and said it was the right decision for the country and he went on to say i can reveal that several months ago i met with the danish ambassador and proposed they sell greenland to us. the conversation between the ambassador and senator cotton took place in august of 2018 and i told the president you should get it as well and the president

heard that from me and from other people as well. tom cotton said buying greenland as economic potential and could be vital to our national security, anyone who cannot see that is blinded by trump arrangements. -- the arrangement -- the caller: my issue is the deficit. economye have a great but if we are pumping $3000 per person of borrowed money into the economy it has to be good. we have to do something about , paying borrowing money less taxes and spending more money. host: ok. mexico,lbuquerque, new republican. caller: can you hear me? host: we can. caller: the person with the

mental issue talk was a good one. a lot of problems, a lot of people from low areas, the areas where everybody is in poverty, president trump was pointing to coming, he did the right thing because they are not doing anything for the poor communities. they will continue to have these issues, mental issues, how they are feeling. the people need to go to the senators that are not doing anything for the community to help these people. the only way to help them is by eliminating all of these illegals and providing the money and services when they remove these people, we would have more money and they would help these people in that situation. we know this -- democrats think we are dumb but we are not stupid.

marylandin cumberland, , independent. caller: actually i am a republican line, i apologize. infrastructure, i wish more attention was paid to infrastructure as we have three major bridges closed to traffic for various reasons in cumberland, isolating a major residential section of the city. multiply that throughout the country with bridges and roads and broadband, different infrastructure and i do not seen the buddy focusing -- anybody focusing on those needs, which affects everybody in the country for generations to come. i would like to see more attention focused on that. i am out of breath, i was running. and the very first infrastructure built in this country was for the national

road which construction began in 1811 right here in cumberland, maryland. if they ever see their way to clear to sign an effort first bill i would like to see them come to cumberland, maryland, the site where the first project that was totally built and designed by the federal government and sign that bill here. host: mike in covington, indiana, independent. caller: be policy issue, i am curious about the politicians in office, they are college educated and you see where our country is headed. make a policy to put standard people in their. life people with real life issues that live a normal life. maybe they do not have a college education. seems like politicians found a way to scam the system because they have $50 in their pockets when they go in and come out with $50 million. insider trading, which is not

legal for us. bob in thehost: bronx, democratic caller. fiver: term limits, two-year terms for congress medicines and 16-year term for the president -- one six-year term for the president. the other issue is lobbyists. anybody who works for the government should be barred from working for a lobbyist for at least 15 years. that would clean up some of the waste. host: richard in missouri, democratic caller. caller: good morning. controversialably but the second amendment, i am a but thell my life forefathers never thought -- are

you there? host: we are listening. forefathers never thought we would have -- caller: this type of weapon. i can have three shells in my shotgun to kill birds with. let's get a law like that. examining people's mental capacity, they could go crazy in a minute on a car deal. something done about the second amendment as it is way outdated. we need to get serious about stopping killing people. it is not my desire to have people shot because i can kill a deer. host: i believe that there appeared president trump -- i will leave it there. president trump leaving for france for the g-7 summit and on the agendas tax policy and climate change and gender equality.

the house is coming in for a pro forma session and it will be real quick and we will continue with our programming here on c-span. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] the speaker pro tempore: the house will now be in order. the chair lays before the house a communication from the speaker. the clerk: the speaker's room, washington, d.c., august 23, 2019. i hereby appoint the honorable g.k. butterfield to act as speaker pro tempore on this day. signed, nancy pelosi, speaker of the house of representatives. the speaker pro tempore: the prayer will now be offered by the guest chaplain, the reverend william gurnee, st. joseph's catholic church, washington, d.c. the chaplain: dear father in heaven, we ask your blessing upon this body and all its members as they seek to serve the people ofth