florida. live coverage on c-span and c-span2. watch online at c-span.org or listen on the free c-span radio. -- radio app. >> i think a national primary is one of the worst reforms we could implement. i would, if we were doing it in a rational way, have a rotating regional primary so that we basically, in different elections, have different groups of states go together, which would allow focused retail campaigning. >> learn about the presidential nominating process sunday on q& a. the director of the management school at george washington university discusses how we nominate presidential candidate, and what reforms might be in the offing. watch on c-span's q&a.

announcer: next, an american history tv exclusive. ou cities tourr to rapid city, south dakota. for eight years now, we have traveled to u.s. cities, bringing the literary scene and historic sites to our viewers. you can watch more of our visits tour.span.org/cities the c-span cities tour is on the road, exploring the american story. with support from our cable partners, this weekend we travel to rapid city, south dakota, featuring life-size statues of each of our nation's mr. presidents. we experience this history of this city of 5000. we will take you into the black hills national forest with a trip to mount rushmore national memorial, the state's most visited tourist site. in 20 minutes, it is onto one of

the most sacred places in the world for many native americans. and later, we will visit the journey museum to hear about the devastating flood that changed the look of rapid city. we begin with the history of mount rushmore. ♪ >> the heart of south dakota's black hills. there it is, the 60 foot had of george washington. -- head of george washington. three others will follow in an unveiling ceremony. >> when i look at the presidents, the first thing i think about is individual achievements from each of those people. andly, what they do for me, what this whole memorial does for me is it reminds me about what they stood for. standing for freedom, for democracy, for the publics.

-- republics. i get to share that with people every day. i meet people from all over the world who may not know who those presidents are, but they understand what freedom means. stateiginal idea was by a historian. he had conceived of carving statues in the round of a giant granite spires in custer state park. he would have people like lewis and clark, sacagawea, fremont. when he hired his artist, borglum said you are not thinking big enough. selecting the four presidents, that was the artist, gutzon borglum. when you look at him, you can figure out why they were selected. george washington, our first president, the person who gave up the power. thomas jefferson. that of people will say

must be because of the declaration of independence, but that is not white the artist borglum -- why artist borglum chose him. he chose him because of the louisiana purchase, doubling the size of the country. lincoln, you configure that -- can figure that out. the challenging one, theodore roosevelt. selected by the artist, but he wasn't the most popular guy at the time. borglum selected theodore roosevelt because of the panama canal. he expanded, went into international. he also was the president standing for the common man. both of those things resonated with the artist. >> two of the four were slave owners. does that engender discussion? you talk about that in your protection of these presidents.

-- your interpretation of these presidents. >> there is discussion about that. there is not as much discussion as you might expect. it is certainly something we step forward and are talking about. all of our interpretive programs -- anytime you hear about a park ranger presenting programs -- they did their own research and do their own presentation. we don't focus on one thing in particular, it is the passion of the interpreter. some, their focus was slavery and what this meant to this country. presidents who wrestled with slavery. >> can you describe where we are located, where mount rushmore is in the context of the black hills? >> mount rushmore is in the state of south dakota. south dakota has the black hills . we are on the western side of the state.

if you are looking at rapid city, we are about 2000 feet higher than rapid. some referred to this as the turtle on the prairie. tribes that had considered this a secret site, considered the black hills a sacred site, they referenced they could see it in the difference. it looked black because of the ponderosa pines. you can see it a long way across south dakota. >> over the years, there has been discussion by native americans and others about the location of the black hills sigrid to the native americans -- sacred to the native americans. here you have something that represents to some people -- the united states policy towards native americans has not -- they do not look at it the same way. how do you tell people about that issue and not much more?

>> there was controversy from the start. carving the black hills. that controversy came from tribal people and people today we would call ecologists. the tribes were looking at a place where they would come in and honor and have honor ceremonies, spend some time. at that time period -- we are talking 1925 -- that wasn't looked at the same way we look at today. today we still have tribal people who are concerned about the black hills being carved. we try to honor that. some of that group our interpretive - -through our interpretive programming. every summer, we hire cultural interpreters. these are people who are looking.

--they talk about the lakota story. we are trying to share the importance of the black hills for all of these people, as well as what that sculpture means. it is a balance. the sculptor, gutzon borglum, had started in stone mountain, georgia. there was a conflict there. he left to work for the state of south dakota. the first challenge was finding arve, something appropriate. bignd his son found this outcropping. your next challenge is, how do you turn that into a sculpture? the first thing borglum had to do was make small sizes and make them bigger and bigger until he gets to a 1/12 model. we have that model. every inch of that model is a

foot on the sculpture. as you are sculpting, that might be nice and easy with clay, but when you are looking at the mountains, you are talking granite. tough stuff. 90% of that sculpture is carved with dynamite. i don't always think of dynamite asan artist's -- as an artist's brush, but it certainly was in this case. in 1927, that is the very beginning. people were coming up and visiting this sculpture, watching the whole carving process the entire time. there wasn't the formal opening day. they had multiple dedications, and borglum was big on celebration. that is how he knew he would get everyone's attention. that is how more funding would come in. he was constantly approaching

congress, approaching the president to get more money. always trying to get more money. there were times his workers weren't getting paid. borglum was putting his personal money into it. he was making a personal trip to washington dc in march 1941 to ask for money. he stops in chicago on the way and dies as a result of that operation. his son takes over the work. lincoln started here when he was 12 years old, so he was brought up in this. he knew all the different jobs -- lasting, drilling, pointing. taking over the sculpture must have been both sad and wonderful. and lincoln declared that sculpture was completed october 31, 1941. people ask all the time about adding someone up on the

sculpture. many presidents have been mentioned, many other people have been mentioned -- it won't happen. the sculpture is complete. ♪ borglum's studio, his son lincoln puts away models. theodore roosevelt and abraham lincoln were the last of the faces. borglum's tools are laid away, tools of an unfinished masterpiece. though unfinished, mount rushmore stands as an internal shrine of democracy for the four great americans who helped carve this injury nation. -- enduring nation. >> our visit to rapid city,

south dakota continues as we take you into the black hills to learn about the lakota warrior, crazy horse. ♪ hills, i black believe, at one time or another, there is a piece of the rest of the world here somewhere. ♪ it is kind of a mysterious place. there is a lot of energy here. this place was built safe, mystical, worthwhile and important. ♪ [applause]

>> this ride is one many of our guests can take to the bottom of the mountain. >> the crazy horse mountain memorial carving was started in the late 1940's. today, the work is carried on by his daughters. >> the land was owned by the foundation. we have been able to get it in little pieces at a time and purchase it or it -- purchase it. 1948 was the first blast on the mountain. werend mother or here -- here. those people described what crazy horse looked like. he based it off of the description of those five survivors. >> we are in the middle of the black hills. all of the black hills are

lakotared sacred to the people. this is where they came to pray. this is personal and. -- personal land. private things happen here. ina 1939got letter inviting him to start the carving, he went to the pine ridge reservation. he realized he did not know much about the native culture. he was very inquisitive and look at things differently, more deeply than most people do. he thought, these are such poor conditions. these people should be honored. decided todede -- he take the job of carving the mountain. dad did not want to do it near mount rushmore. he had worked with gutzon

borglum on mount rushmore in 1939. when artists get together, it doesn't always work out. dad also won first prize in the new york world's fair. henry got all those things together and wrote to dad. that is how it started. he was inviting dad to the black hills so that the white man would know the red man has heroes also. >> crazy horse was brought among them. born around the fast-moving water. he was away from this man can't. -- main camp. as his - they brought the baby out.

the father refused the baby. [speaking foreign language] thank you very much for my son. you very much. >> crazy horse was a very mysterious individual. he kept to himself a lot. he put the people before himself. he cared more about his surroundings and the group he was to take care of more than his own comfort. take us to today. what is going on today when you came to work? what will you be working on? >> i live here, so i'm always at work. as far as the mountain is

concerned, right now we are drilling some holes at angles on forearm of crazy horse in order to thread our wire for our wire saw, so we can continue to make those angled cuts down crazy horse's arm. we are also using a saw on his finger, where the knuckle area is. in the next seven to 12 years, we will have his hand carved. it will be done to the right -- down to the right shoulder. >> some of the native americans i spoke with dust one of the -- one of the issues they have is it is taking the native geology of the land and changing it from something that was not there before. what are your thoughts on that?

>> creation created human beings to do things. da wantedd to carve the mountain in montana, not in the black hills. it was the indian people who said you have to carve it in the black hills. he was invited by the native american people to carve in the black hills. but what is important is you are telling a story about a race of people. we are telling the history of the native american people. we are telling the future of the native american people. we have lots of artists and performers that come here and share their lives with our guests, our visitors. if you have knowledge, you have everything you need. stood for the people.

he walked all of creation. he looked out for the little children, the women folks. they were always first with crazy horse. he looked out for the whole people. course,st challenge, of it is not the money. the biggest challenge is understanding the mountain and knowing where the seam lines are and making sure we keep that faith. the other challenge is to get people to understand it is something ongoing and growing all the time. we have people that disagree with this mountain carving. it is america, so you can disagree. we try to explain what else is here, like the university, like the museum. then they become a little enlightened and it is not the desecration of a mountain, like some people will tell us.

the museums and universities make the most difference to the native americans. ♪ >> this land that we stand on doesn't belong to any man. it belongs to the creator. we are still here. we can come together. we can build bridges, no matter what color. love one another. that way our future generations on mother earth will have something positive to look forward to in their life. ♪ our visit to rapid city continues as we explore the discovery of gold in the black hills, and the impact it had on control of these sacred native american lands. ♪

>> the black hills of south dakota, a very sacred area as a whole. i believeblack hills, at one time or another, there is a piece of the rest of the world here somewhere. >> we are in the epicenter of sometimes testy relations between native and non-native inhabitants. stretching about 110 miles long and 70 miles wide, the black hills of south dakota rise up from the plains to the west of rapid city. to native americans and many non-natives as well, a center of culture since at least the 19 century. coming up, a look at the history of the black hills.

>> thinking where rapid city is at, we are positioned at the gateway to the black hills. it is kind of how we always built ourselves, even back to the earliest founders. it is called the black hills just because of the rich greenness from the pine trees and elevations that surround that. while the black hills are very important to the native american community members, they are referred to as the heart. the black hills itself is just a sacred area because it is the supplier for food and shelter and everything that the people know was provided by the creator. ♪

>> i'm donovan. name translates to high backbone. my tribal affiliation is through the cheyenne river reservation, 100 miles east of where i stand right now, at the a very spiritual place where not only lakota, but people of many american indian tribes and nationalities visit. ♪ >> people come here and we'll ave a -- and will give tobacco offering and prayers. they will leave those with tobacco and cloth for a loved

one or someone they are praying for. prayersshows all of the that are left here, and are well received. of 1800, time period 1870's, is a time when lakota, cheyenne dominated this whole area. >> when looking at the custer expedition, the big take away is that is a game changer. walking you up to the custer gameition -- that was a changer in terms of what happened in these spaces. taking you back a few years to the fort laramie treaty signed in 1968, all of what we know as

western south dakota today was fortini -- treatied land our native american community members. expeditione custer cuts through the black hills seeking a path for immigrants to the montana area. in their way through the black hills, the discovery gold. what is going on in the united states is we have come out of the civil war. there are significant unemployment issues. 20% type unemployment numbers. that information of a gold find in the black hills gave people the energy to say, i don't care if it is legal or not if i head to the black hills, i'm not making it in this city with my family, so i am willing to take to takek to find gold

care of my family. that led to the gold rush in the black hills. it is the turning point in the event. gom there, then the spaces through a bunch of different treaties, land allotment acts, things of that nature. gold not beenthat discovered, it might be a different story. butis only conjecture, that is what happened. >> right now we are at a campsite of lakota. ironically, where the remnants of custer's seventh cavalry ended up. this was their patrol area. years --d up in later

1876 was little bighorn. by 1890 was the wounded knee massacre. job, a patrol area to clear down there, which probably was 140 miles from wounded knee. >> the black hills have always been a big issue. the u.s. court of claims was formed in the 1940's to take claims to lands. that is when the lakota filed for loss of the black hills. there is a whole history of that caseh -- an unsettled that continues to this day. the tribes did not accept money. they wanted land. all that continues to this day. ♪ >> we continue our look at rapid

city with a visit to your butte -- bear butte, a place considered sacred by many native americans in the region. ♪ >> i'm donovan. my lakota name translates to high backbone from the hump, the crazy horse families.

reservation is about 100 miles east of where i stand right now, at the sacred bear butte, a very spiritual place where not only lakota, but people of many american indian tribes and nationalities visit. people come here and they will give tobacco offering and prayers. they will leave those, often maybeobacco and cloth for a loved one or some of the are praying it. it shows all of the prayers that areleft here, and that well received in this very area. i have given some lakota names to some people here.

some of these places -- when i look over, i can almost imagine us having our little ceremony and get together. a great occasion, somebody getting a name that they are proud to carry with them. and it almost develops a connection with them, and they start coming here more often. then that place is special to them. you are connected with the universe. you are connected with the four directions and the creator. ♪ >> coming up, our look at rapid city continues as we hear about

the first manned flight into the earth's stratosphere. captains5, two army standoff from the south dakota plains. >> we are lucky in rapid city. we have a history that goes beyond the culture of the area. within the learning center, we are talking about the stratosphere flight. theending man up above stratosphere. essentially, rapid city area is the home of the first spaceflight. what the national geographic and u.s. army air corps did was decided to work together to make this happen. they wanted to find a natural shape to rest the balloon and gondola in. they were looking for a full area to spread out the balloon, but also the natural bowl shape

protects the gondola the first 1000 feet. they scoured all of north america. they had a couple different decisions they could have made, places they could have chosen. essentially they chose rapid city because of how kind people were. the perfect shape of the bowl was nice, too, but it came down to the people of the area. that was the reasoning behind choosing it. the first attempt happened in 1934. there were three men on that first flight. it was captain orville anderson and captain albert stevens. they got into the gondola and went up and hit about 60,000 feet. they think the friction between the metal and canvas of the balloon ignited the hydrogen in the balloon. the balloon failed.

it bust up quickly. they fell into a freefall. they started exiting the gondola. they had parachutes. first man got out just fine. the second man got stuck in the gondola itself. and we don't know who was first and who was second and who was third. the first man had to kick the second man out of the gondola to get him free. the major was actually last. he ended up getting out of the gondola at 500 feet above the ground. the second flight happened in 1935. the national geographic and u.s. army air corps did change how the balloon was created. they used helium instead of hydrogen. that allowed the balloon to not ignite, which is fabulous for the people in the gondola. two of the men came back,

orville anderson and albert stevens. thisboth did come back for second flight. of 70,000 height feet. they took measurements of the stratosphere and cosmic radiation -- anything that could possibly measure, they attempted to while they were up in the gondola. they took an image of the curvature of the earth, which had never been done. they were recognized for their efforts. fdr.were given medals by it was an all-around success. what makes it better for rapid city is it happened in the black hills. it was local. it is just a great community involved piece of history. next, on our visit to rapid city, we take you to the south

dakota air and space museum, and hear about the role of ellsworth air force base during the cold war. welcome to the south dakota air and zero. when people think about south dakota, they don't think about a great aviation state. we have a huge aviation heritage. over the years, we have played a huge part in our national defense. ellsworth air force base began in world war ii. its purpose in world war ii was --train a b-17 crew bomber bomber crew. if you want to navigate a world war ii bunker over long distances and expenses of territory, south dakota is a great place to put the base. that was the beginning of ellsworth air force base. the connection from world war ii

to the cold war is represented in our museum. the 44th bomb group was trained here at ellsworth air force base. when the cold war came around, that bomb group became the 44th missile wing, which was commended out of ellsworth air force base. that missile wing is part of the cold war narrative. when you think about cold war, you think about the b-52's based here, you think about the response of strategic air command. but you also need to think about the men and women who are in these missile capsules underneath the ground, waiting for the unthinkable. that is the command to turn keys an launchd nuclear war. our museum is an important part of telling that story. >> i am currently the president of the south dakota air and space foundation. we are the nonprofit that

supports the south dakota air and space museum here outside ellsworth air force base. i spent 20 years in the air force and retired as a captain. i entered in 1971 and was initially trained as a gunner on a b-52. after serving about 10 years as a gunner, i was able to complete the requirements for the commission in the air force, then became an officer. i served my next 10 years in the air force as a launch control two missiles,an then retired as a missile maintenance officer from ellsworth. gunner,o ellsworth as a i came back to ellsworth as a missile launch officer. gunner, i here as a

became involved in the museum and have remained connected to the south dakota air and space museum for about the full 35 years of its operation. one of the reasons i am so connected to it is, now, many of the things on display here are items i once used in my career. what i'd like to show you at this point is the missile procedures trainer that is on display at the south dakota air and space museum. this is a mockup we used to train the missile crew members to do their jobs out in the missile fields. you come in. the missile procedures trainer was located on ellsworth air force base. there were 15 launch control located throughout

western south dakota. the missile field covered approximately 14,000 square miles. it was pretty spread out. the best way to train the missile crew members was to have a simulator on base. it is also a lot safer, since this is a simulator, not the actual launch control center. we were able to train and evaluate people in their ability to do the job of a launch control officer. the station here is the deputy crew commander's station. the panels are all different types of communication systems. the communications was critical, of course, because the missile crews were in no way authorized or able to take any actions that would release nuclear weapons,

so they had to get the proper messages and instructions from the president of the united states, ultimately, that would direct them what to do at the launch control center. we have a rack of equipment that was for communicating with the missiles . each launch control center primarily monitored 10 minuteman 2 missiles. were assignedles to one launch control center. atch launch control center, the commander's console, had the ability to switch the missiles they were viewing so they could launch 50 missiles in their squadron. one squadron of minuteman 2

15ssiles consists of minuteman 2 missiles. the command center is where the commander kept track of the status of missiles at all times. each one of these vertical a variety of shows the different states of the missiles. the different situations depicted on this launch control center -- the top row of lights are all green. that means all of the missiles are in full operation and readiness status. they are all secure. they are all communicating back to the launch control center. any indication other than those green lights would indicate there is some kind of a system problem, or the possibility someone was trying to get into one of the remote launch facilities. the minuteman 2 was in a launch

facility that was in an isolated area. it was not manned. there were never any people on that site, unless the missile needed some sort of maintenance attention. there were tremendous redundant security measures that will ensure no one could get unauthorized access, that if someone should try, there would be an indication here long before they had success in getting to that missile. that is part of what the missile crew did on a daily basis, to make sure the missiles were secured. of ultimate responsibility if launch control crew was, the national command, the president of the united states -- if the national command system made a determination that

the united states was under nuclear attack, then the united states would launch a retaliatory attack. the concept was referred to at the time as mutually assured destruction. primarily, it was the soviet union at the time. the chinese had a little bit of influence in that as well, but it was the usa against the communist primarily. europeans also had some play in that. the idea was anyone who would choose to attack the united states with a nuclear weapon would have to live with an almost certainty that the united states would be able to retaliate with nuclear weapons, thus creating a situation where nobody wins. the theory was mutually assured destruction would create a situation where nobody would do

that awful thing of start world war iii. from this point, it looks like it might have worked. the interesting point about the acronym for mutually assured destruction is it is m.a.d. in that situation where an enemy might decide they were going to attack us, the crew would receive the instructions with a very strict regimen that --efully followed and tabled able to be authenticated in a timely fashion -- the crew would have received those instructions. at the time, the crew would release some of all of their weapons on this particular enemy. there would be a lot of processes they would go through efficiently and quickly.

they would arrange their weapons so that they would launch. when the secondhand hit zero at the appointed time, the crew would send their lunch command to the missiles -- launch command to the missiles. the commander would watch that look in thisand mirror so they could have contact. -- eye contact. the commander would have his or her hand on this key. the deputy crew commander would have his or her hand on this key. as the commander counted down, they would say, on my command, three, two, one, turn keys now. the deputy and commander would turn their keys simultaneously.

if they did not turn them simultaneously, there would not be a launch command. one other launch control center would have to do the same thing before the missiles would launch. that provided the nuclear surety we needed. keysu can see, the way the are positioned, it takes two people. one person can't turn this key and run up and turn that key. there were a tremendous amount of built in security measures that made sure our nuclear weapons were never launched by some crazy person's action. isthe cold war narrative really part of south dakota. it is part of the dakota ethos.

if you want to study aviation history, you end up drawing lines back to ellsworth air force base, back to the prairies of south and north dakota. it is important for us to tell this story to the world. >> the c-span cities tour concludes its look at rapid city with a visit to the journey museum and learning center to hear about a devastating flood that changed the landscape of rapid city. imagine this whole area underwater. that is what you saw the night of june 9, 1972. at the corner, it was six foot two inches. both traileras --

parks and homes built long before rapid city was even well-known as a hub of western south dakota. the journey museum and learning center and fine arts center were both buildings built after the flood to allow rapid city to heal. that is the triumph, that rapid city picks itself up and builds these beautiful buildings that allows culture to thrive in an area that was decimated by flood . we talk about the 1972 flood. the 1972 flood, i am referring to a tragedy that occurred on june 9, 1972, into the morning of june 10. ae 1972 black hills flood was perfect storm of rain and dam

failure. it wiped out hundreds of acres of rapid city. took over 200 lines in the process -- lives in the process, and caused rapid city to become what it is today. we knew the storm was occurring. we saw it coming in thanks to the weather station at ellsworth air force base. we were not sure how horrific it would actually be. by 9:00, torrential rain was pouring. right around 11:00 at night, canyon lake dam failed. that water went downstream into rapid creek, causing the creek to rise to 15 feet nine inches deep. it wiped out whole acres of town. in 1972, we had a national guard and counted here. -- encampment here.

they were in rapid city for the week doing medical and other response training. they should not have been out here. this is not their normal spot to be. because we had them here, we had immediate response in rapid city. air force base sent hundreds of people to help as well. the police department, the fire department -- they did not fight the incoming military response, which was awesome. they started responding to people in trees, people stuck on roofs. they said this is what we've got , they let the military took over. they showed them where to go. even the civilians followed what

the air force and national guard directed. that communication saved thousands of people's lives. a lot of what you see in this exhibit -- it is photographs. a lot of the things we have from the flood are photographs. people's lives got decimated. if they did not lose someone, they lost their belongings. a lot of the photographs behind me are hard-hitting photographs that show not only the tragedy, but the cooperation of air force and national guard, or air force and the fire department. the other thing i have are quotes. these quotes are taken from the rapid city journal. one of the quotes we have that is probably the hardest hitting is where it says we just don't have enough hearses to go

around. they did not have enough confidence a -- coffins. they were digging graves every day, for days. after the flood happened, there was a big push to change the way rapid city was set up . that is where our beautiful green areas come from now. all of those green spaces, the parks and golf courses along rapid creek -- that was housing. people lived in those areas before the flood. after the flood, the city planner at the time got in front of the city council and said we cannot let anyone else stay one more night in this suicidal floodplain. they wiped out all of the housing in the area and said we will make this into parks. we will make it into golf courses. businesses can be in the floodplain.

now there is a high school in the floodplain, but nowhere where people can sleep. no one is allowed there now. the other interesting aspect of this flood is fema. fema did not exist in 1972. our flood occurred in rapid city. a couple months later, there was living in johnstown, pennsylvania from hurricane agnes. weeks later was three-mile island. those three tragedies were put together into a case study and presented. that is what formed fema. especially the military response, the air force and national guard working together and rescuing people and recovering bodies and doing what they were doing best. that prompted the military response we see for natural

disasters today. dhe flood of 1972 -- it change the way rapid city looks. it changed the way people think about rapid city. we get these tourists who go, the city is gorgeous, you have all of this green space, it is beautiful, but they don't understand why. putting the flood exhibit in this museum is important, because it tells why we have these beautiful spaces now. it also stresses that, even though this happened, we can pick ourselves up. we do pick ourselves up. >> our visit to rapid city, south dakota is an american history tv exclusive. we show it today to introduce you to c-span's cities tour. for the years, we have traveled -- eight years, we have brought

historic sites to our viewers. you can watch more on >> next, a portrait unveiling ceremony for former house john boehner. by theconversation president of the united states on vaping & e-cigarettes on saturday, look at some of this week's key testimony in the house impeachment inquiry hearings, inc. leading lt. col. vindeman, the national council's european affairs director and kurt volker,

saturday morning beginning at 10:00 a.m. on c-span. you can stream the hearings online at c-span.org/impeachment. >> c-span's campaign 2020 has live coverage of upcoming residents of campaign events. saturday at 345 p.m. eastern on c-span, senator elizabeth warren speaks with voters in manchester new hampshire at a town hall meeting. on sunday at 5:00 p.m. eastern, senator bernie sanders hold a rally in portsmouth new hampshire. monday at 830 a.m. eastern on c-span two, former massachusetts government -- governor deval patrick speak in manchester, new hampshire. tuesday on c-span, president trump hold a campaign rally in sunrise, florida, his first there since changing his residency from new york to florida in october. live coverage on c-span and c-span2