>> c-span's campaign 2020 with hawaiitinues congresswoman tulsi gabbard. sunday at 2:00 p.m. eastern, former vice president joe biden in new hampshire. monday at 2:00 p.m. eastern, andrew yang in nashua, new hampshire. eastern,t 11:00 a.m. senator elizabeth warren in boston. watch the presidential candidates live on c-span, on c-span.org, or listen on the c-span radio app. six of our annual authors week series when we feature authors from all sides of the political spectrum. knowing us today should talk about her book "one person, no vote" is carol anderson.

"one person, no vote." why did you write this book? guest: the book emerged out of two things, one was a 2016 election, and there is when i about,he pundits talking black people did not show up. blacky lost because people were not feeling hillary. i looked at that and it did not make sense because this was the first election in 50 years without the protection of the voting rights act. we had a series of laws coming through, targeting african-americans, so i wanted to lay out how voter suppression s.rks because host: what protections were under the voting rights act. passedin 1965, congress

the voting rights act. it began to deal with the massive disenfranchisement happening particularly in the south. where you had counties that had a majority black population, but zero african-americans were registered to vote. what the voting rights and did was have a provision called pre-clarence, meaning certain jurisdictions that had a documented history of discrimination against its citizens had to have all of their voting laws, or any changes they made, ok'd by the federal court or department of justice. preclearance worked. in mississippi, before the voting rights act in early 1960, only 5% of african-americans were registered to vote. two years after the voting

rights act was implemented, almost 60% of african-americans were registered to vote. by having preclearance stop discriminatory laws from being able to be active in doing this wicked dance on the american electorate and on our policies, in 2013, the u.s. supreme court gutted the preclearance provision of the voting rights act in a case. within two hours after the decision, texas implemented a racially discriminatory voter id law. north carolina was not far behind, nor was alabama. cds just went wild in figuring wild inities just went figuring out how to suppress their vote, particularly african americans and they went after

hispanics, asians, and the young and the poor. host: it wasn't just mississippi. in alabama, the figure rose from 24% to 57%, and one million new voters were registered within a few years after the bill became , bringing african-american registration to a record 62%. guest: part of what we see is in wisconsin. -- theresin, you had were 60,000 fewer votes cast in wisconsin in 2016 than there were in 2012. wisconsin had implemented a racially discriminatory voter id law, among other things.

80 targeted milwaukee were 70 80 -- itthis date's -- targeted milwaukee, where 70% up african-americans in the state live. lack voter turnout went down -- black voter turnout went down by 7%. when we look at early voting turnout like in north carolina, their state legislature targeted the days african-americans turned out early in droves to vote early, and removed those that so there is an email goes around republican circles, where they are celebrating in 2016 the 8% decrease in early voting turnout for african-americans. so, this is what we are seeing across-the-board. the house controlled by

democrats, as you know, has no voting rights advancement at that has been approved and is been sent over to the senate. i want you to respond to earlier this month, rodney davis, congressmen, talking about this voting right advancement. [video clip] >> the voting acts right is alive and well. this is not a reauthorization of this bipartisan legislation. discriminationd at the ballot box because it does not need reactors asian -- because it does not need the authorization. every eligible american, who wants to vote in our country's elections, should be able to cast their vote. this bill is only about preclearance and the democrat majority, the federal government control over all election

activity. jurisdictions under preclearance cannot move a polling location, expand vote by mail efforts are properly maintained their voting a member of the department of justice clearing everything. awayis about taking power from officials. host: the voting rights advancement act establishes new criteria for determining which states and political subdivisions busking the clearance -- subdivisions must again preclearance. what are your thoughts and how do you respond to that congressman? sectionne is that that provides for the kind of litigation that then eventually will catch up to a jurisdiction that is systematically discriminated against its electorate.

citizens.an 1957rls us back to the voting rights act where you had to have a violation, then somebody sued and then more litigation. years have gone by. you have elections going on based on the disenfranchisement of american citizens, politicians being elected on a team electoral basis. so they can continue to implement and tweak policies to continue to disenfranchise. it is not like the federal government had not tried over and over to allow these states to honor the u.s. constitution and the 15th amendment. the state systematically looked at the 15th amendment and said, how do we get around it? that is why you got the voting rights act. and what we saw with the gutting of section four of the gutting

-- of the voting rights act is that states went hog wild again. this is about honoring the constitution and the 15th amendment that says, the state shall not abridge the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous servitude. that is what we have not seen the state to do yet. host: i want to invite our viewers to join us. carol anderson, you write about the motivations that minority voters did not just refuse to show up. blockators and governors african-americans, hispanic, and asian americans from the polls in 2017, pushed by the

democrats' collapse of their party. the republicans opted to disenfranchise rather than reform. guest: yes. it is that. i mean, and so many ways, it explains where we are right now. where you have a party that is moved so far to the right that its policies just resonates. trumps why you have the point person in wisconsin -- in aabout, in an talking about, how to suppress the vote in that is how we win. democratic constituencies have a key urge for the republicans to

stay in power, but it is only by , not resonating with americans as we understand democracy and we understand the vote in the elections. but by keeping key constituencies in that electorate from voting. to keep them blocked from the ballot box. that is what policies have done. has been updated to talk about the 2018 elections. preview that. guest: this is where you saw this massive voter turnout. it was the highest murder -- it was the highest voter turnout in 2018. one of the things you hear is how can there be voter suppression when you have this massive voter turnout? of itit wasn't because

was in spite of, so you had this massive wave of civil organizations that were getting people id's, that were driving people to and from the polls because of the massive closures -- massive pull closures that were providing information, that were suing the states for closing down polls, for not having enough machines in throwingprecincts, for ofy absentee ballots because no signature match. democracy --estore we need to restore democracy. they were willing to stand in line for hours in order to be able to vote. that is what happened in 2018.

organizations working with an engaged electorate to make this democracy vibrant. host: mike in miami, florida, an independent. good morning. caller: i would like to know how requiring somebody to show an id is inhibiting them from voting? i don't understand that and never will. i mean, do you think that people -- do you think that people who are not citizens should be allowed to vote? hillary lost because she lost, ok. get over it. have a nice day. guest: what a wonderful independent talking there. let me walk you through how the iud piece works. the id piece, one of the reasons why work so well is because it's also normal. how hard can it be because everyone has one? that is not how the states have crafted this. they identified, by race,

certain types of id that whites have and that black people and latinos do not have and then made access to the ballot box based on the prevalence of those types of id's. alabama,nstance, in alabama said you have to have a government-issued photo id. so, your bank card is not going to work. government-issued id. then they decided what type of government-issued photo id. they decided that -- they decided that public housing id did not count as a government-issued id, but does it get more public -- but as give more government-issued then public housing? housingthose in public are african-americans, and for most of those, it is the only id

they have. this has, with for alabama to carve out that electorate. then what alabama did was they shut down the department of motor vehicles. for fiscal reasons to be physically-responsible, shut down the department of motor vehicles down in the black belt counties, requiring then people who don't have a drivers license and don't drive to go to the next county or 50 miles away, in order to get a drivers license. so that they could be able to vote. that is how it works. that is how it works in texas, in georgia, in north carolina, in alabama. so, the voter id sounds reasonable, except it is not. herehat is also happening is this mixture, this wild mixture of the systematic denial of rights -- systematic denial

of the right to vote for american citizens, being merged in with his harboring fear that all of these ends are going to be building. i mean, that this one of the asngs that kris kobach used he carved out over 30,000 voters from the kansas city voter roles. but when he had to go before a judge and demonstrate, prove that you had massive, massive numbers of immigrants on the voter roles, who were trying to vote, he could only point to one. and that was a man who was going through the naturalization process. he did not realize he could not vote before he officially became a u.s. citizen. so, the fear of immigrants voting in mass is just that. it is a fear that is being stoked by those who need these

measures in order to block american citizens from voting. john in newe out to york, democratic caller. the way i see it, it is about demographics. when president obama won the election, it shocked a lot of conservative white people and when he won a second term, it shocked them more. demographicrful of change. this reminds me of reconstruction, right after blacks started voting, they started finding ways for preventing them from voting. this happened 100 years ago and it is happening again. that is what i think. guest: mo, you know, it is interesting. know, it is interesting.

i like to what people through the history and that history deals with the mass of demographic change and deals with the state of mississippi that carved out what is called the mississippi plan. mississippi looked up and said, how can we stop black people from voting? saysut writing a law that "we don't want black people to vote." the 15th amendment says you cannot write an amendment saying you don't want black people to vote, so what mississippi did is use societally-impose conditions on african-americans and use that as the axis point to the ballot box. remember, this all sounds reasonable. mississippi says, you know, elections are expensive. and we believe that if you are really committed to democracy and to the integrity of our elections, you're willing to pay a small tax in order to be able to vote. a poll tax.

well, we have had century of slavery. that is unpaid labor, followed sharecropping. endemic in the african-american community. so endemic that the poll tax was going to require somewhere 6% of the annual farm income, family farm income, in mississippi. of the annual family farm income. that is no small fee. that is where you are making a choice about, can i vote or can i put food on the table? reasonable andso race-neutral. fast did -- as did another test that said, we believe we ought to have an engaged citizen rate that understands our foundational principles, so we don't think it is too much to

ask for them to be able to read and interpret a section of the constitution. well, when you systematically swathseducation to large of the population and then you put a legal document in front of them and tell them to read it and interpret it, it is designed again to say, we don't want black people to read, to vote, without saying, we don't want black people to vote. u.s. supreme court in fact, saw that the poll tax and literacy test were rates-neutral enough that they did not violate the 15th amendment. of thewo pillars mississippi plan of 1890 were so 3%erful that by 1940, only of african-american adults were registered to vote in the south. 3%. just as the state is getting ready to do right now. that tells you the power of this. now you move this to where we

are. so, you take things like, you have to have like a drivers license to vote, but we are not going to put driver's license bureaus anywhere near you live or anywhere near public transportation. same for polling stations. they a study out of the -- did a study here that found within number of polling stations that have been closed in georgia alone that have increased the distance from where black communities are to where there polling stations are, increased them so much, somewhere between 50 to 80 thousand votes were not cast -- between 50,000 to 80,000 votes were not cast. crow 2.0. host: let's go to cathay from los angeles, republican caller. caller: you are completing so

many issues, in my opinion. i'm a black american woman, and i can see there may be differences in the south and the needs urban cities,, but six decades of ideology has destroyed black america. in these urban cities. conceivably, maybe black americans did not vote for hillary clinton because of blades it because they know the data of how six decades in these urban cities has destroyed black america. homeless in los -- right after slavery, we owned one half of a percent of the wealth of america. today, we own one half of 1% of the wealth of america. we are not progressing moaning democrat, we are -- we are not

progressing voting democrat, we are regressing. the median income for black women in boston is eight dollars, so maybe -- i guess you are not on social media, but as in academia, you have to know the data. host: let's get a response. and i i know the data, know that we cannot begin this conversation with the rise of lyndon johnson. i know that we must begin this conversation with 1619. we have to look at centuries of policy, and understand that when i talk about voter suppression, i'm not talking about black people didn't vote for democrats. i'm talking about black people did not vote because republican governments have targeted ensure thaticans to they could not get full access to the ballot box.

i want people to vote. that is my concern here. people must vote. they must engage. and the parties must engage all of those constituents. when we have a party that decides he cannot engage in suppresses abode, that does the dance of joy in north carolina because it targeted the days that african-americans, from church -- come from church to vote at the polls. when you have in florida marking out the days of early voting one have looked at the chart and figured out when african-americans go vote, that is a problem. problemwe get to not a is that when we have laws on the , thenthat are enforced recognize the rights of all american citizens. i,t whichot about blex

is fake. this is about american citizen'' right to vote, period. states thatanderson far too many policymakers believe the right to vote is something to be earned after perhaps paying modern-day poll tax or walking miles to the nearest polling station to cast a ballot. a major legal and political paradigm shift is taking place. the responsibility for upholding the right to vote is moved and has play squarely on the backs of individual citizens. carol anderson, what are you saying here? guest: what i'm saying is you ofe a secretary of state out alabama saying that voting is a privilege, and so it needed to be earned, so that meant that

you had to stand in line for hours in black precincts, but you're able to get in and out quickly in white precincts. or what is happened in georgia, where you had four in five hour in the 2018 midterm elections. and people had to leave because they had to go to work. so they are making a choice because, i got to put food on the table. we understand the kind of economic deprivations that happen when you miss a day's work ok because you're trying to stand in line to vote. so, but what you hear is, if they really cared about democracy, they would stand in line. so, we are putting the onus on the individual to see this through, to jump through all of these obstacles, to jump through all of the hurdles in order to have their right to vote honored.

but we are not putting that same responsibility on the state to uphold the 15th amendment of the constitution. and that is just fundamentally wrong. host: on the supreme court what hasin 2013, happened now legally? is there a case that could go before the court to put back what was, as you say, as you argue, coming from the voting rights act? sost: not that i have seen far, but i cannot quite speak to that. i know that women, the court has had an opportunity, for instance in the extreme partisan gerrymandering case, and gerrymandering was also covered under the voting rights act. when the court has had the opportunity to do that work, the court has backed off and said for instance that that extreme

partisan gerrymandering, like in wisconsin, where the republicans sequester themselves in a hotel room for months, drafting a map with software, looking at who lives where, and they had two goals. one was to reduce overall voter turnout, and that is what a string gerrymandering does. by doing ital was by competitive districts. the other piece was that regardless of how many votes the republicans get, they would always have a majority power, the majority of seats in the legislature. think about that. regardless of the number of votes, always the most, and that is what happened in the initial

election were democrats received 52% of the vote and got 32% of the seats, and with each subsequent election, has gotten worse. the u.s. supreme court looked at that and said, that looks like a political issue, and there was nothing here that we can do about it, and just punted on that, so this work will have to do in the state courts. we saw that with pennsylvania, where the state court of pennsylvania hopped in and said, this map is gerrymandered to the extreme. re-draw it, so we have one person, one vote enough this beastf lopsided horrific that has been drawn here. host: let's go to marianna, georgia. an independent. good morning to you. ander: good morning, greta ms. carol. north of metro

atlanta. my personal feelings is when i first moved here from indiana, the first thing i did i found out what i needed to do to vote. when i moved to georgia, i had to have my birth certificate or passport, or some other information. voting is so important to me, so i'm going to make sure i have whatever is necessary. here in georgia, we can also go on a website and it will let you know if you are registered so you can keep up with it. it also gives you the opportunity to update your mail, and so, i do these things because voting is important to me and i understand the issues -- and i understand the history of how they try to keep us from voting. but i still think as african-americans, we have, it

is import for us to find out. thatg is not something doesn't just come up. you need to be proactive and find out what it takes to vote, and if there are some people who cannot afford it, there are organizations. you should have things in place to help them get there so there was no excuse. america ist being in not fair and it will never be fair. when we talk about gerrymandering, gerrymandering just don't happen and like in georgia. it happens in massachusetts, and places were democrats are gerrymandered. this goes on with both parties and it is not right, but this is what they do. but as far as african-americans, you need to take voting

important to have find out what is necessary so you can do that, so people cannot do this to you. host: ok, caller. carol anderson? guest: two things. one is that we have a kind of narrative. but the narrative we heard in 2018, that black people did not show up. that is not the case. black people were blocked from showing up. we have to be clear about that. and so, we also understand, from the data, that african-americans stand in line the longest amount racial group in america. so we have black people showing up, standing in line longer than anyone else to vote. this isn't about effort. power, about the kind of the state power that is being

used to dismantle the black vote, and we have to understand that. the second thing, absolutely with gerrymandering, and that it is, it is a bipartisan issue. see validy you initiatives, -- you see valid initiatives, like in michigan. they are doing the work of drawn the legislative boundaries after the 2010 -- after the 2020 senses. what you also don't have, in new jersey, in 2018, late in 2018, grube democrats in new jersey tried to draw an extreme partisan gerrymandered map. the constituencies within the democratic party rose up. look at those politicians who were trying to say, stop this.

this is not what we are and this is not what we do. we want free and fair elections. and gerrymandered maps don't do that. i have yet to see that constituency within the republican party. that is what we also have to take into account we are looking at this. from tuscaloosa, alabama. good morning. caller: greta, good morning. have not talked evening years. i have seen a lot. i'm an african descendent in the united states. i'm not an african-american. i am not a citizen of america. i am a citizen of the united states based on the data. so much hypocrisy is in this government. you know, the two things that this government, not all -- there are two groups, europeans and african-americans. europeans, many of them don't want african-americans to have two things, and that is the right to vote in the right to a

good education. this has been happening ever since his country was developed. descendents, i'm a citizen of the united states, i don't, so an american. i'm a citizen of the united intes because i cannot vote venezuela or canada. if the system wanted to allow african people to vote, it would registered as when i for the draft in the service in 1954 at 18 years old. all i had to do was have my name. so, if they want to african people to vote in this country as europeans do, they could make it everywhere you go to recruit, like in the schools. host: ok, robert. lf carol anderson japan. guest: in fact, you have some states that are really thinking

through and working toward, how do we open up this right to vote? oregon began with automatic voter registration so that whenever you went to the department of motor vehicles, you are automatically registered to vote. you had to say, i want to opt out. what happened in oregon was that their voter registration, they already had one of the highest voter turnout in the nation, but the number of voters increased, as well as the turnout increased in a diverse three of the electorate. in california, look at that. 42% voter had a turnout rate and say we got to do better. we must do better. and so, california implemented automatic voter registration as well, but then they went one better and said, we will pre-register our 16 and

17-year-old so that when they become 18, they will be automatically registered to vote. it is that process of opening voter registration, which is one of the key ellen to bring about a more robust electorate. host: caning in westport, massachusetts, republican. caller: how are you doing? host: good morning. caller: good morning. i don't understand really all of this voter stuck here because -- voter stuff here because i went downtown to register to vote. -- when i register to vote, everybody stand in line walking into the high schooler. you give them your name, they look it up, they give you your valid, you go into the box and you leave. i don't understand why people cannot vote. go down a town to vote.

host: carol anderson? guest: again, one of the reasons why this looks so easy is because it feels -- everybody can go, it is america, except that is not the way that it works. georgia,of, let's say georgia does have automatic voter registration. that is good. georgia also has a program called "exact match." wind exact match was being run -- when exact match was running, the courts found was a discriminatory because it privileged anglo names. the secretary of state at the time brian camp worked with legislators in the legislature to pass a law for exact match. how would works is you take your voter registration. if there is a discrepancy anywhere between what is on your

voter registration card and what is on the state's fivers license database or the social security database, your voter registration doesn't go through. it is put into an electoral limbo. you write your name, your last name garcia-marques. on your drivers license, the-is not there or there are two separate names without that. that can get you kicked out of your voter registration. if you have an accent on your name, like with renee, but it doesn't have the accent in the driver's license, then it is kicked out. what happened in the 2018 election here is that secretary of state -- the secretary of state removed 53,000 voter registration cards from the electorate because they did not match exactly.

70% of those that were removed were african-american. fewer than 10% were white. that is part of the process. it is this quiet, silent, bureaucratic violence that is being done to american citizens posturing to vote. host: waterford, maine, leonard is watching, an independent caller and you are next. caller: good morning, professor anderson, and a for writing this book and grateful this topic is finally being aired. two things i wanted to comment on. what has been driving me crazy since 2016's election is russia, russia, russian narrative. i think that has been championed by the democratic party leaders where there is little evidence

for russia meddling. there is overwhelming evidence of voter disenfranchisement of minorities. for example, rhett joe maddon liberalism has been pushed for several years now. i had to stop watching it because she will cover russia for much of her broadcast, but yet, ignores the 70,000 plus mostly minorities that once the polls in detroit only voted down ticket in the presidential election. the other item is the more systemic election fraud that has been going on that has been going on -- that has been going on. where anin ohio, author wrote a book where

ballots were tampered with in the wee hours of the morning and though sensitive servers in tennessee corrupted that election. machines, where the codes are private in the public doesn't have access to them. in theisenfranchisement context of those events in 2004 in my examples. thank you for covering this. guest: thank you. there is lots going on. we like to think that our voting system really works, and it gives the appearance of really working. we have debates. we have polls. we have so and so going up against this candidate and so and so. and we have elections and we

have accounts coming in, 70% of the voting is in, so it gives this veneer of a really thriving, functioning democracy. one of the things we saw in 2000 in that 2000 presidential election was that something was really off the rails. hangingda, we had chad's, police who were acting as the checkpoints into the precincts in the black neighborhoods in jacksonville. we had a massive voter role purge of 20,000 voters overwhelmingly african-american and hispanic. hadnsibly, because they felony charges, so they were just franchised in florida -- they were disenfranchised in florida, except the roles were

inaccurate and people were illegally purged and wrongly purged off the list. we had so much go wrong. people looked up, and then we had the recount where the supreme court weighed in and stopped the recount as the totals began to get closer and closer to george w. bush. we have had voting machines are hackable, easily hackable. here in georgia, the voting machines that we used in 2018 ran on windows 2000. they were proven to be easily hackable in a series of events. so, we got all of these things happening, and russia is real. weean, that is part of what have to understand. russia is real. the attack on american democracy

was real. -- when weust that are finding for democracy, when we are fighting for our voting rights, we are fighting a multi-front war. part of that war deals with getting voting machines, hand marked paper ballots that cannot be hacked, so we have to do a recount, we can do a real recount. --ted that is we have got part of that is we have to have the rules in place to honor and protect the voting rights of american citizens, so we don't have an exact match that is focusing in on your non-anglicized name that can remove you from being put onto the voter role. it means we have adequate numbers of machines, adequate numbers of polls so that people are not in line for five and six hours. it means we don't have these

voter id laws that were put in place based on the lie of massive, rapid voter fraud -- massive, rampant voter fraud with those heralding the lie cannot straight rapid voter support the lie cannot them rampant voter fraud. feed means we don't have what we had in ohio -- it means we don't have what we had in ohio, saying if you want to do an absentee ballot, it has to be on this kind of paper stock in this grade, but did not provide that kind of paper stock within the 80 counties in ohio. so, it made it really easy to then throughout the ones that you did not want. feed means that when we have early voting, we don't do what they do in any matt -- it means that when we have early voting, we don't do what they do in

indiana. earlyublicans realized voting was coming out of certain counties. where they canaw have only one early voting site. counties with less than 325,000 residents can have more? 2016, let mew in be clear, in indiana, only three counties have more than 325,000 residents. lake county, which is where is, wasdiana county accounting for 70% of the black population in indiana. countyoting in marion went down by about 26% or so.

because one early voting site. in hamilton county, because they had -- they were able to get more early voting sites. it went up by 62%. multiple,is a multi-front war on democracy that is happening here. and we need to become a sent of all of it. and fighting on each of these fronts, so we can get the democracy we deserve, not the one being forced upon us. host: let's go to michigan, i democratic carl or. -- democratic caller. caller: i have a huge disagreement with what this lady is saying. and i am a white person. line two to in three hours to vote. so, that is not a black thing. i did not start screaming about

being oppressed. is, the super drivers license that we have to have. and our secretary of state's office, which by the way, was consolidated in the area i live intond it was consolidated the minority area, so the minority you will could get there easier. waiting to beurs able to get my super drivers license. i brought all of my paperwork with me. it was not acceptable. this is the same paperwork that i had from the time i was 16 years old to get my original driver's license.

live anywhere near the county. i asked at the secretary of state's office how to get another copy of my birth certificate. -- to get online to order it through the state of $122, and i thought, this cannot be right. i did not start screaming oppression, racism, misogynistic, nothing. i called over to the county i was born, and they gave me the information to get online, and i ordered it through the county. it did read me $14 for the service -- you did run me $14

for the service online, even though the actual birth $3.25, and only cost because i'm a senior, it is $2.25. host: professor anderson, your response? when i talked about what is happening in our system, african-americans do spend more time in line. it doesn't say that whites don't. but african-americans do spend more time. i will step back a minute and talk about lee atwater and the southern strategy because i think it will clarify this. lee atwater was ronald reagan's strategist, political strategist, and he explained in an interview how the southern strategy works. he said, you know, in 1954, you could say the letter in word,

but by 1968, after the civil rights did so much work here, .ou cannot say the in world it hurts you and it backfires, so you have to start getting abstract and have to start talking about busing, taxes, economic things. but he said, the whole point is that blatz get hurt worse -- is that blacks get hurt worse than whites. here blackspeople get hurt, but worse than whites. when we have, for instance, this countiesn rural closing down the polling stations, whites live in those rural counties as well.

in randolph county in georgia, randolph county is 61% african-american. whites lived there as well. when they are closing seven of the nine polling stations, whites are going to feel that. so, it doesn't mean that whites don't get hurt. and so, whites need to be hollering. they need to start shouting because all of the rigmarole it put an extrahat id burden on you that wasn't because of thely lie of voter fraud. that is what we have to understand. is that the threshold that whites are willing to endure to have this democracy come under

siege has to be breached. we have to fight together to make sure that the 15th amendment is viable, that the parties are responsive to the needs of american citizens, and that is not what we have right now. a little hollering is a good thing because it makes it really clear that something unjust is happening in this system. we would not be as far along as we are if folks had not been hollering all along. host: we have a few minutes left with professor anderson. nelson in hollywood, florida, a republican. caller: good morning. very quickly, i just want to point out that i am hispanic and i am 70 years old and i have been voting since 1972.

first of all, regarding gerrymandering, be careful what you wish for. during mentoring has helped -- gerrymandering has helped minority committees have representation. second of all, here in south lorna, we have had voter fraud, we have had individuals who not american citizens attempt to vote, and we have had individuals trying to vote in the wrong districts, and in some cases, even trying to vote more than once. having an identification card to prove that you live in our voting in the community you live you are where you are supposed to be in regards to voting and only voting once is a reasonable request on the part of responsible government. i cannot talk about what is states, in the other 49

but that is reasonable here in florida. in the year 2000, i would like to point out that the recount in the state of florida took place three times, three times the republicans won, and the supreme court finally stepped in and put a stop to it when there was an attempt on the democrats do have yet a fourth count, clearly they were clearly trying to take the election inappropriately. so, -- host: we will have the professor respond. is not ther fraud massive, rampant beast that has been conjured up to be. it doesn't mean it doesn't happen. it means that we already have the laws in place in order to catch it. love professor out of california found -- a law professor out of

california found that out of one billion votes cast in the united states, there were 31 cases of voter identification fraud. 31 out of one billion. that is one thing. the second thing is we have to be really cognizant about is with gerrymandering, be careful what you ask for, that is called packing and cracking. packing is where they draw the district so all the minorities are in this one district, or in two districts. orn the other 11, 8, 9 or so districts that are predominantly white and conservative. so, it looks like be careful what you ask for, but you are political their the voice. there is a way to deal with gerrymandering.

and that is the non-partisan redistricting commission. we have got to figure out how to make this democracy work for everybody. host: carol anderson and the book is "one per >> c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up saturday morning as part of authors week, author and columnist jackie gingrich cushman discusses her book, "our broken america" that looks at our current political divide. about thel talk impact impeachment could have on the youth vote and campaign 2020. the sure to watch washington journal. sure to watch authors

week all this week starting at 8:00 a.m. eastern time. >> this weekend, book tv features three new nonfiction books. saturday at 6:00 p.m. eastern, doug weed talks about his latest book, "inside trumps white house." russians have elected him against all laws to be president of the united states and he is a russian spy. think about that. that is like landing a man on the moon, like assassinating julius caesar. eventsne of the greatest of world history if they were actually able to achieve that. algorithm,cal michael kearns discussing algorithm design. >> taking about fairness and time immemorial.

thinkave never had to about these things in such a precise way that you could actually write them into a computer program or into an algorithm. >> new yorker magazine contributor thomas chatterton williams. was socially and economically a lot more diverse. and getting into jazz, stirring to read baldwin. i began to wonder why my friends and i had such a narrow conception of this really rich cultural tradition and why i thought my father was somehow outside of this cultural tradition when he was just exemplifying it. >> up next, the house homeland

security committee looks at the use of facial recognition technology by government. is started by peter teal talking about information in the technology sector. and trump officials speak on a recent summit on mental health. >> the committee on homeland security will come to order. meeting todayis to receive testimony on a department of homeland security's use of facial recognition and other biometric technologies. without objection, the chair is on the rise to declare the committee in recess at any point. i now recognmy