>> thank you. >> thank you. >> [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. isit ncicap.org] follow the to federal response to the coronavirus outbreak at c-span.org/coronavirus. track the spread with interactive maps and charts. watch briefings and hearings with public health specialists any time, unfiltered at -span.org/coronavirus. >> we're back and we're joined by dr. arthur evans, the c.e.o.

of the american zollingal organization and we're going to talk about stress and coping stages -- strategies for all of us during the coronavirus pandemic. evans?ening, dr. >> good evening, i'm glad to be ere. >> the american psychological organization is the largest psychological association in the country. we have students from affiliates from across the united states and around the world. psychologists are trained at the doctoral level. psychologistses train in a field of study, an area of study could be clinical, as i did, in which you not only study and do original research but you also

do additional clinical training from a whole range of things from organizational psychology. many psychologists work in the business working -- world, many works in labs, laboratory during developmental work, a whole range of things. because of that we talk about any aspect of human behavior and there's practically no area of human behavior that psychologists aren't doing work in. to environmental work to cognitive work on how people work and city. -- study. e're trying to apply that. host: what is the difference between a scolte and a psychiatrist, or is there any difference? >> there's certain a difference. psychologists will go to graduate school, study an area

for usually four or five years. psychologists go to medical school, they train first as physicians and then do a specialty in psychiatrist. two very different times of training. certainly there's overlap. we look at the same literature often for those of us who are clinicians but very different orientation and training. henry: so what are the greatest psychological challenges facing americans in this situation now with coronavirus? gov. justice: this is a very -- guest: this is a very different situation. i've been involved after 9/11 since -- disasters various disasters sips them -- then. this is a very unique circumstance. we have situations affecting the entire population. certainly prolonged. there's a lot of uncertainty

involved, and a lot of factors involved that we know from a lot of research are going to it have an impact on people's mental health and it is really important, one, for us to understand that but also understand the ways that we can mitigate those negative impacts and ensure that as we come out of this on the other side that the population is as healthy as it can be. host: now, what we're seeing a lot of families at home now with their children out of school. we're seeing a lot of people stuck in the same spaces so what are some of the stresses that we're seeing being put on ericans from our coronavirus-related activities? from the social distancing, from the being stuck inside? what are some of the stresses being put on americans? guest: this is one of the challenges, there are many stresses and unlike other disasters, this is something that is affecting almost every

aspect of our lives. it's not only being in close quarters with your family over a very extended. but it's there are disruptions in people's work, students are not able to go to school, many people are being affected financially so i think well to look at the totally of all of the stresses that people are experiencing and think about how we deal with that. the reality is that the level of uncertainty is certainly something that affects people. the close quarters, as you mentioned, is something over a period of time. the social distancing is probably the aspect of in that i'm the most concerned about and many psychologists are because we have a lot of research that shows how important social connectedness. is on the one hand, we have a body of research on social support which shows that generally the more social support that we have in our

lives, the better we do physically, the better we do psychologically, the better we do in life generally and that research goes back over decades, literally and there are hundreds of studies that show that. on the other hand, we have another body of research that shows that social isolation can diliterious impacts on us from. a mental standpoint, physical standpoint. mortality is greater for people who are socially isolated. what the research shows is that social connectedness is very important for our hement, our physical health and mental health and a big part of managing through this crisis is social distancing, which means we have to figure out ways to overcome that so that we were ensuring that we're having that kind of connectedness that helps us to stay healthy and well so i think that's probably the biggest challenge that we have but we also know that the level of uncertainty creates fear in

the population and that fear can impact on our ability to think through the problems that we have to solve. we know that the kinds of impacts that people are having in terms of their employment the -- can lead to depression and to other kinds of mental health challenges. again, collectively, all of these things are having an impact and it's going to be really important for us, one to understand that, pay attention to that and then be very intentional about.coming strategies to overcome that. host: i see on your website, you guys are suggesting the social distancing. you're not saying that people don't social distance during this pandemic so what exactly are some of the things that you can suggest to people to do to keep themselves healthy while they're social distancing? guest: that is such a great question and i think that's the big challenge we have.

so i want to be very clear that social distancing should not lead to social isolation. lead to social isolation. social social isolation is very, very bad for our health, we know that. we have to be creative about keeping those social connections. if this crisis had happened 20 or 30 years ago, we'd be in a very different position. we have technologies now. iphones, most of us have smart phones. most of us have internet connections and most of us are connected through social media. all of those things are things that can help us overcome the fact that we have to distance ourselves socially so i would really encourage people to be very intentional about trying to keep those connections. we've seen some really great amples of how people are overcoming that by going virtually for meetings. my daughter is a dancer and she was talking about debbie allen

doing a dance lesson and there were like thousands of people from around the world and she was so excited about that because that was an opportunity she wouldn't have had otherwise so people are dining all kinds of things to stay connected and i would really encourage people, regardless of what it is that keeps you connected, figure out how people are staying connected in that realm. faith communities, another very important aspect for keeping us healthy is another area of support for people and people should reach out there. so i think trying to figure that out, calling up old friends. a lot of people have a lot of time now and so most of us have old friends that we would love to reconnect with. give them a call and what i would suggest is that when you call, do a face-time call so you can see them physically because we know that helps with the

feelings of social connectedness. host: you guys have put up some suggestions for how to cope under social limitation measures and here are some of the things you guys are suggests. you limit news to consumption from reliable sources. one of the things that's happened in this world is we're a 24-hour news world. are you saying we should slow down on some of our news consumption? guest: we absolutely should. there is a growing body of research showing that too much media is having a negative affect on people's meantal health. too much social media especially has been shown to have a negative impact so people need to model rate the amount of social media they're taking in. we know the more they take in, the more fearful they're going to be around this particular crisis so limiting that. you don't want to do that with c-span, especially this morning,

but otherwise you really have to ink about how you limit your social media intake. host: you also suggest creating a daily routine. how important is that? guest: the routine is going to be very important but for a couple of things about that, one, it's going to help people feel much more ground and would nolsed but it's -- there's one thing to really keep in mind with that. this change of going into social isolation happened literally overnight and it has affected so many aspects of our lives. we're not going to be able to signal our fingers and have a new world in terms of how we organize our lives so we really have to give ourselves time to rebuild our lives given this new

repeat because i think we're going to be in this for quite a while. but, having said that, there are things we can start to do immediately to begin to create more routines in our lives. i think it's really critical to do that for children, especially that they're now out of school and making sure they have a routine that makes them feel more grounded is going to be important as well. hoyle hypo we're talking to dr. evans, the c.e.o. of the american psychological organization. we're going to open up lines for to you ask questions. if you are in the eastern or central time zones, we want you 748-8000. at 202- in the mountain or pacific time zones, you're number is 202-2 --

478-8001. if you are a medical professional, your number is 202-748-8002 and remember, you an always text us at 202-648-8003 and we're ahl also on social media and on facebook t facebook.com/c-span. we know that a lot of our family and friends are social zabsing and quarantining themselves, but what should we be on the lookout for to make sure our family and friends are willing -- being meantry -- mentally healthy and safe while they're staying in their apartments and homes. what are some of the signs we should look out for? guest: there are a number of things and as i mentioned earlier, for some unique things about this particular criticize. i would be looking out for

anxiety and anger. some people are going to be very angry, one, because they are restricted. their mobility has been restricted. they may be very angry because they've lost their job. so i would look out for anger. excessive anger. i would look out for anxiety, fare and concern. i -- fear and concern. i would look out for depression. are people more dressed -- fregsed? are they reporting that they're depressed? are they having trouble sleeping, eating? those are signs that people are experiencing psychological distress and our first line of defense is always to do those things they believe -- that we believe can help mitigate against that. we're going to talk more about those strategies and if you get to a points where you need help, reach out for that. one of the things that's been happening is that the federal government, insurance companies

and our association and in overs are working at how to ensue sure that we can move very quickly to telly -- telehelp. at it is, the colin niche -- over an or tech helping video. there are regulatory barriers to that that are being addressed and i think many of those are now being addressed and we have more 06 an ability to do that and i would encourage people to reach out to froimble help if they get to that point. host: i've been joking with people about having cabin people. having been at home for a whole week with my family and children. what do you say to people like me who say i need to get out of the house, i need that interaction i haven't been getting. what are some of the things we can do?

guest: as i suggested, listen to the local officials in terms of leaving the house and that kind of thing. i think in most places, people are still able to leave their house. so that would be one thing. i think the other thing is to look for alternatives and create new alternatives. i mentioned a virtual dance class. people who are in recovery, for example, can do virtual a.a. and n.a. meetings, something i think is very important. so i think there are many faith communities that are doing their war shim services virtually so i think that -- worship services virtually so those things that are pleasurable to you, combhanlses are there's someone figuring out how to do that virtually and connecting. we had a virtual happy hour. people were not drinking but it was the concept of connecting at our work, just doing something to keep people connected.

i'm going to be doing a virtual town hall with my statue and allowing people to ask questions and those kind of things. our work environments, social environments, faith environments, all of those areas of our lives are figuring out now ways to keep ceched and i would really encourage people to look for how that's happening in their communities and in their social networks. host: let's let some of our callers and viewers join in on this conversation. patricia is calling from edentown, new jersey. good morning. caller: good morning and thank you for c-span. dr. evans, i wonder what you mean by saying this is a new reality. how would you describe a new reality? getz: sure. i think that -- guest: sure. well, i think, unlike other disasters, earthquakes or

hurricanes, those events happen, we know when they happened, why they happened and we can go into a recovery period immediately after that. d so we know how those processes work generally. there's a lot of research on how people recover after those kinds of disasters. this is different because we don't know -- first of all, there's no one event that we can look to understand what's going on. we -- there's a lot of uncertainty about when in situation will peak. we don't know how long it's going to last. the fact that we have to isolate across the country is very different and very unique. people are losing their jobs, so there's so many factors that are involved here far creating a unique set of circumstances, nothing like we've never had to deal with as a nation before and

it's going to require us to be very creative and innovative to work through this. i think, just based on what we see happening and what we know is ahead of us that things are going to get even more difficult and challenging over the next several weeks and potentially months and i think we have to be ready psychologically for that. that's the bad nulls. the good news is that there are many things we can do to take our mental health into our own hands and to make sure that we are healthy throughout this process and certainly on the back end as we come out of this. host: let's talk to james, calling from myrtle beach, south carolina. james, good morning. caller: yes, first of all, i'd like to let all the previous callers and past callers understand this is not the flu. i can come to your house and see

you and hope that you'll get better and i can leave without worrying about catching this flu. i can come to your house if you have this virus right here and i'm going to be catching and probably come down with it so you need to start taking this thing real serious. and this serious thing is the start of our season and we are closed down. it's about like a ghost town and we are going to be in some serious trouble and a lot of our businesses are going to lose a lot of money because of this thing and we're taking it serious. host: dr. evans, what do you think -- why do you think, sorry, i can't get the word out. why do you think there are some people out there who are still in denial about this being so serious? we have a lot of people out

there who say this is a hoax, this isn't that bad. like the caller said this is just the flu. what's going on with the denial we see about the science and data we're seeing? host: i think there are a couple of things. the first is that the way this has been described, i think we can do a better job of describing what's happening with this particular crisis and why sit different than the flu? i frankly don't think we've done a good job of explaining that to the public. as i've listened to the public health officials who've been talking about this, it sounds like the real crisis is not because of -- because people are having flu-like symptoms and even the mortality around it, it is the pressure that the number of people who get this virus -- the pressure that that's going to put on our health care system , which is what we're seeing in italy.

i don't think we've done a good job of talking about that. yesterday we did a web far for public officials and we talked can how public officials ommunicate more effectively to people based on psychological science, the science around communication and one of the things talked about was thousand to -- how to effectively used numbers. we've focused on primarily two things, the number of people who are affected and the number of people who have died by this condition. that doesn't reinforce the real impact this is having on hospitals and if we talk about nose numbers. what is the capacity of hospitals, are we going to be able to take care of the people who are currently -- and we know right now that a lot of people who have elective kinds of things and some with chronic,

serious conditions aren't being able to get access to care. those are the numbers that are more important in this particular situation because those are the numbers that tell the public why this is so important. so the first thing is i think we have to tell a story and use all of the available information to reinforce the messages that we want the public to have. the second thing is that, unfortunately, we know that people look at almost everything that is happening in our society now through a political lens. and we know that, depending on where you are politically, you're going to look at this particular situation differently. and so, until all of our political leaders are on the same page and talking about this in the same way, unfortunately i think we're going to continue to have people have varying opinions about how important this is, sit real and so forth. host: let's talk to tim from minnesota. tim, you work in the medical

profession as well. what do you do in medicine? caller: hi, jesse, how are you? i'm a licensed practical nur. host: what are you seeing out there? caller: we have one confirmed case in our county but what i wanted to ask dr. evans was or comment about it was, i actually read an article on how humor sells in bad, dark times and i found that in my practice. it's kind of a universal language because i worked with a lot of confused clients years ago and we used humor a lot. we would do goofy things and get people laughing and -- yeah, i just wanted to hear what the doctor has to say on that. thanks a lot for your information. guest: yeah, that is such a great comment and it absolutely is true. image humor can be very important.

one of the other things we do when we work with people clinically is to help them identify pleasurable things. i've worked with people, particularly people who have been depressed and depressed and are a -- for a long time and when i give them that exercise of thinking about pleasurable things or things that you do that you get a lot of pleasure at, you can see this kind of look that, wow, i hadn't thought about those kinds of things for quite a while. in one of the things that can happen in one of these crieses is we're so focused on trying to dole -- deal with what's in front of us, we forget about the pleasure in our lives. what are the things that give us pleasure? whether it's humor, art or music, whatever it is and be very intentional about bringing those things into our lives because it's one of the things that helps us to cope and do

better under these really stressful situations. ost: we're talking about medicine and medical professions, i'm curious as to what your advice is for people in the medical profession is right now. if anyone is going to come into contact with someone with coronavirus, it's them. how do they keep themselves mentally healthy as they're asked to do more and more as more and more people get sick? caller: i have so much respect for the people who are in hospital, the first responders. these folks don't have a choice. they have to show it -- up to work and they do it in very selfless ways and they deserve some credit for what they do for the public. i also think -- i was a public official for many years before i came to the american psychological association. people in government right now

are working really, really long days as well. i think what i would say is -- when you're in that position, you have this dualty. on the one hand you have to think about your family and all of the things that you have to do in your personal life and you have to compartment meant lies that because you have to go to work. that's what a lot of people do, compartment meant lies. that's one of the strategies. it's also important for people to take care of themselves and be intentional about it. people can begin to feel they don't have the ability to or even feel guilty to take time off. but for those who fly, you know that they talk about when there's an emergency and the oxygen mask comes down, you have to put that on you first before you can help other team and -- people and that's a really good metaphor for people who are in

the position of first responders and medical professionals. you have to put your mask on first. if you don't take care of yourself both plentyly and physically, you're not in a position to help others and you can't take that lightly. host: let's talk to selena from bellville, michigan. how are you doing? >> just fine, how you? host: just fine. go ahead with your question. caller: i had a statement to make. i've noticed a lot of people in the stores are dressed about this wu-wu virus, as i call it. they're depressed because they're had all these hank-ups and issues over the years from childhood. whether it's sex issues, race, political issues and they are feeling guilty because they know this virus can come down their street, their block. anybody passes by their house and they're going to be gone, ok? that's where the expression

depression and coming at. they're looking at their lives and maybe they should have been a better person than what they were because their life can be prolonged. so have a great day. thank you, doctor. guest: thank you. one thing i will say is we know that people who have pre-existing mental health conditions are going to be at greater risk during these kind of stressful situations and to the degree that people have had that, they have to pay particular attention to how they're doing and if they've relied on professional help in the past, to reach out if they're starting to have challenges and if they haven't, this might be a good time to reach out for that help. i think the other thing the caller said i think is important to recognize is that we shouldn't feel fatalistic, we're going to get through this as a country and i think it's really important to maintain hope.

it doesn't mean that things are going to be easy but maintaining our hope that things are going to get better is a really important asect of this as well. -- aspect of this as well. host: with a lot of schools being out and businesses closing their doors, we're spending a immediateime with our direct family. one of our social followers wants to know will all of this help or hurt the family structure? caller -- guest: another great question. one of the things we've been thinking about lately is whenever we have these kinds of challenges, there are clearly challenges but we learn new ways of being, new ways of living, of doing our work and actually i think that there is some peablet -- possibility that there are going to be things that make us better and stronger as we come

out of this. one of the things that we've been trying to do for quite a bit of time in more organization, i think a lot of organization, how do we reduce our carbon foot print as an organization? organizations have inertia and it's very difficult to make those kinds of things happen but this is forcing the issue. we're calling the question on this because we have to and i think when we come out of this on the other side, we're going to be in a much stronger position on that. it may be more families where you're having to spend much more time together. this is an opportunity to talk and to have more conversation. most farnltse, i was a parent, i still am but i don't have small children anymore. but most parents, we're so busy, that you don't really have time to sit down and talk yo -- to your children in the ways you'd like to. you don't have an opportunity to sit down and have dinner.

the percentage of people who have dinner together in the country has gone down pretty dramatically over the last few decades. this is an opportunity to reinstate some of those things that we may have wanted to do historically but because our lives were so busy, we are weren't able to. spending more time helping your children with homework might be another thing. most parents are so tired when they get home at the end of the day, they don't feel like they have to time to do that often. i think this is an opportunity to be very intentional about thinking about things you've always wanted to do. tough time, tough space. how do you make the best of this so when you come out of this, you're a better family a stronger family, in a much better position. host: let's talk to rick, calling from louisville, ohio. rick, good morning? >> how you doing? first of all, the media started

covering this, the day after the head of the federal reserve said he was no longer going to go to negative interest rates. that is going to lead to a $30 trillion crash in the stock market that's going to require a $10 trillion bailout. you look at the $30 trillion and you look at the numbers with this virus -- we have 200 deaths so far this year. a regular virus year would be 25,000 to 50,000. now, this season started november, december, january, february. it ends in march so the fact is you as a psychiatrist, i've had three books published and i talk about humantizing, desensitizing d i talk about media using

weapons of mass destruction, mushroom clouds, sleeper cells, to scare the public into getting into a war. millions and millions of people died. all the facts prove that you, as a psychologist -- i watched c-span bring economist after economist from yale trying to justify the dow at 30,000. it was 99% fraud. you're coming out here as a scolte, they bring out geologists that lie, scientists fracking.bout frak -- you're brain watching -- washing these people -- host: go ahead and respond, dr. evans. guest: i'm not sure how to respond. people are going to see all of this through different lenses and aspects of this. clearly there's an economic

aspect but having said, that there are clearly other areas we have to pay attention to as well. henry: another thing we always talk about and joke about and don't take seriously is stress. a lot of people say it's only stress, get over it. how does stress affect us scolingly? guest: stress is a really important issue we have to pay attention to. it not only affects us -- us psychologically, it affects us physically. we have a lot of studies that show that. stress can cause depression. traumatic stress can cause post-traumatic stress disorder. depression, anxiety, there are so many areas of our lives that can be affected by stress. on the physical side, cardio vascular disease, other kinds of chronic conditions can either

occur or be exast basemented by chronic stress so it's really important for us to be aware of the signs that we have that we're being stressed and to begin to mitigate that most of us know when we're stressed. we have those flags in our own lice. for some people it's you start forgetting more things, you start having difficulty thinking about or problem solving or or addressing issues in your life. so those kinds of things can be flags and important signals to us that we need to do something to manage our stress. host: and the one thing we've not yet talked about this morning for a lot of us stuck in our houses is the importance of exercise in staying healthy. now, how important is that and how do we do that when we're socially distancing ourselves? guest: exrerps and physical hept is really important to our

mental health. there's a bi-directional relationship. if we want to maintain our henlt -- mental health, we have to take care of our physical health. eating right, sleeping right. getting good nutrition are really important to our mental health and vice versa. when we have good meblet -- mental health, it affects our physical health health. i think we have to get creative. my wife said she was going to get one of our exercise administration -- first thing i said was we don't have the room but we're going to figure out how to deal with that we're going to get that out of the basement so she can do that. we can't do the gym anymore so people are going to have to make some choices. fortunately there are some good apps and good programs on the internet where people can do exercises and exercise routines and sometimes with a "virtual coach," even if they don't have

equipment so that's something that i would encourage people to look into as they're thinking about that. host: let's talk to tom who's calling from georgia. tom, good morning. caller: good morning, gentlemen, how are y'all this morning? >> good morning. caller: my comment basically is, you know, i'm a city worker and i do my job well. i have a manual labor-type job. i'm in my 60's and i'm a type 2 diabetic and the thing that concerns me -- you know, i hope i don't lose my job over this but the thing that concern me is all the top-notch employees at city hall and everything has been announced is shutting down and i'm out here working as we speak, i'm at work now. i'm just as scared as the next person -- person. i'm dealing with the public and all they keep telling me, well, if you're sick, don't come to

work. it shouldn't get to this level. do you agree, doctor? there's no arrangements being made for the little peon workers that either have to work to pay their bills or go bankrupt. i chose my life status, my working status and everything so i'm not complaining but i'm just as scared as everyone else is about this and i don't feel that you get to the status where i'm in a coffin before it's taken serious in my situation. guest: yeah, another very good point. it's really important for us to make sure that people's basic needs are addressed through this crisis. a lot of people are losing their jocks, losing income and if we don't take care of, that it's going to be difficult for people to deal with any other aspect of their lives. i'm here in washington so i know what is happening in terms of what's being considered in

legislation to make sure if people lose their jobs they're still going to have a way of supporting themselves and their families through some kind of payment. i think that is enormously important as we are managing our way through this crisis. and i'd also like to say to this caller in particular, he's one of the people i was talking about, people who still have to do their work. they're dealing with all of the things that everyone else is dealing with but they still have to show up for work and to be present and to get their work so i want to thank him and congratulate him for just being that kind of person that is showing up doing what they need to do to help the public. host: there are some people who call themselves inro verments and some who call themselves ex verments so we have a social media follower here who wants to know what should we do as exroverments when we're facing social isolation?

this social isolation makes me uncomfortable. guest: yeah, it's like we were talking about earlier. we're going to have to use new ways to keep that social connectedness and i really encourage people to use technology as a way to help do there. whether it's through the internet, apps, face-timing and being creative. we're seeing some really creative things that people are doing and if you haven't discovered one, maybe you can create one. host: brandon is calling from dover, delaware. brandon, good morning. >> how you doing, now? i have a couple of quick -- i've in delaware so i'm in a small pocket so i understand that but the only thing open around here is the big box stores. they're telling everybody to shut down and, you know, stay in the house but you still have walmart open, you still have sam's club open. you still have wall greens open

and these places open where everybody is meeting at. they tell you don't go to church but still you have a whole pack in sam's club. me and my people still do think government is doing a play on words. people in dover, delaware, we're doing what we want in delaware. we're still going around, moving around. i understand there's only a couple of case. nobody even knows nobody that has it. so i'm not saying it's not real. i do believe there's a flu going around and people are bad but yes, we do any that people are going crazy for nothing in a sense. o you see what i'm saying? guest: yeah, what i would say is that, you know, a lot of this crisis is about not just will this affect me, will i get sick but what are my behaviors that i have to engage in to help other people stay well. again, this is an area where i

think our public officials can probably do a little better job of explaining that not just about what can happen to me but what are my behaviors and how might they affect, particularly vulnerable people in our communities, people who are immune-compromised and people who are elderly so we have to keep reminding ourselves of that and do the things to keep those folks safe as well. host: how would you suggest we talk about coronavirus to tour children and to our elderly parents who may not completely understand what's going on. what should we say to them? guest: for children in particular, to be age -appropriate, parents have a good sense, i think, of how to explain things to their children. i think it's important, particularly young children, to say it's unlikely this is going

to be something that makes them sick. at least that's what the data say now. for really young children you might want to talk about it in germs, a concept they understand and how those germs can make grandma or older people sicker. so i think using that kind of common language and language that children understand to help them understand what's going on here is going to be very important. for older people, i think it's a d. set of challenges and really having to do with their behavior and things that they can do to protect themselves and i have a number of friends. i have a mother-in-law and i have friends who have parents ho are older and it's been interesting listening to the conversations around convincing folks about what they need to do in order to stay safe and so i

think it's important for us to continue to have those conversations because at the end of the day, we want the older individuals in our community to stay safe through this crisis. host: let's talk to a caller from portland, oregon. pronounce your name for me. is it niku? guest: good morning to both of you. host: go ahead, good morning. guest: i have actually two questions. one for dr. evans. i think you can catch something on the age -- that is very important to me. [indiscernible] and i was thinking about this time, being -- h and maybe some

[laughter] self-actuallyization but i can feist face base caller all of them. host: i can't quite understand her. guest: i didn't catch everything but it sounded like she was talking about faith and how important that is. there's another area of research that shows how important faith is for people, that people who are a part of a faith community are actually healthier in some ways. far variety of reasons, and one is the social support that i talked about so i think to the extent that people get a lot of comfort and support through their faith community, i think it's important through this crisis to stay connected to that community. host: let's talk to george,

calling from middleton, ohio. gorge, good morning. guest: hi, good morning. as an independent voter and a first-time voter at the age of 35 and originally from orlando, florida, i know what this kind of scare is doing to the economy and it's pretty crazy. i know in my industry, i do aerospace and we've already had the governor walk through to make sure we keep the aerospace industry going. i work with 100 employees. many of us have one -- run out of facemasks, hand sanitizer, things to keep us healthy while we're having individuals coming from overseas and everywhere else, we're all working in ohio. are we safe to say there's an election coming up? guest: that's something i can't comment on. i don't know that. it's going to be difficult but

political leaders are going to have to make some tough choices, particularly if this crisis continues in the way that it is. host: let's talk to if a leasha, calling from des moines, iowa. good morning. caller: good morning. my question is, so, we're quarantining ourselves trying to do what's right but my issue is, my husband is older and so he's in the generation that he could be very much affected. i'm not so i work as a massage therapist so i'm hands on with all of my clients. i'm really concern that would we're quarantined together but neither one of us know if we have the virus, like, how can you bunker down and quarantine with someone if you don't even have the ability to be tested to know -- like i don't want to

infect my husband or him to infect me and it's just really playing with my head. so i'm just trying to figure out how i can stop having that message go over and over in my head. you know -- they say everybody doesn't need to be tested but i feel like we all do need to be tested just so that we don't infect our loved ones? what do you think about that? guest: this is, i think, one of the dilemmas and part of the uncertainty creating a lot of anxiety for folks. we have to think about this as a marathon and not a sprint and there are certain aspects of how we are managing the crisis now that are going to change over fully get rankly, hope better over time. we're at this point in the cries -- crisis where there's a high degree of uncertainty. we don't have all the testing and other things that are

needed. a lot of people are working on that and hopefully things will get better over time. i think in terms of the psychology of this, i think we have to rely on the best information that's available. one of the other ways to help manage our stress and anxiety around what's happening is to have a small number of trusted sources of information. one of the things that people do -- can do that actually works against them is to just take in too much information, sometimes conflicting information because they're going to be a lot -- to a lot of different sources. i would stick to sources like the c.d.c. or governmental sources. johns hopkins has a really good website and great information. there are some really trusted brands out there and trusted sources that can help give us guidance on that. i would limit the amount of information to those areas and try to stick to those guidance as much as possible.

host: here's a question from a social media follower who's wondering how to talk to people. the younger generation is not taking this seriously, not practicing social distancing and do not seem to be sensitive to the needs of others. for example, they call the c. -- c.c.p. virus, the boomer doomer. how do you sensitize those that are desensitized? guest: i think that many of the people -- and in goes back to what we were talking about earlier about the messaging around this and a lot of the messaging has emphasized the impact this could have on us as individuals and for people who are young and feel like this is not going to be a "big deal" for them, they believe that they can take that risk. i think increasingly for that community, for the broader community but particularly for younger people who we're seeing maybe not folsom of the guidelines, we need to talk about the impact this will have

on other people in the community, vulnerable people in the community. their parents, potentially or their grandparents and to really emphasize that because that's the kind of messaging that is much more likely to get the kind of behavioral changes that we need. we also know that social norming is really important so to the degree that we can create social norms that reinforce the kinds of behaviors we're talking about it, makes it much more likely that people are going to align with that and we won't see as much of the kinds of behavior we're seeing in terms of people not heeleding the advice of public officials. henry: let's talk to william, calling from minneapolis, minnesota. good morning. caller: thank you. thank you for taking my call. ou're a doctor, right? guest: i'm a scolte. my freezing raining is in

scolte. caller: here's my question for you. ho who do you think has the most interaction with patients in hospitals, nursing homes and soyed living facilities? who do you think has the most interaction? the doctor, the nurses or the aides? guest: usually it's the nursing staff in most facilities. caller: you said nursing staff. the nurses' aides assistants have more interaction with parents than anybody else in these health care facilities and who do you think are the most unprotected? the nursing assistants. just like that guy who called earlier who said the, he was a peon employee. you're going to have a mass influx of nurses assistants. they're going to be the ones most affected and probably the most carriers.

what do you think they're doing about that? what are you going to do when you don't have no nursing assistants to take care of these parents? guest: i think you're raising a really important issue, that there are people who are in this -- we're in this crisis and there are people who are going to be disproportionately affected because of their jobs and the type of work they do and we have to do everything we can as a society and community to make sure those people are protected and safe. it sounds like you might be doing that kind of work and i really hope that the facility you're working for is doing everything it can to make sure that you're safe, you're well and in a position to stay healthy throughout this crisis. host: let's take one more caller. doreen calling from danvers, massachusetts. good morning. caller: hi. the reason i'm calling is i want to just make a statement.

i hear a lot of people concerned about the response that's being -- not being robust enough, not quick enough and all this kind of thing but i want to thank everyone involved that's providing the support and guidance you're providing to make sure that everyone understands that there are a lot of people working towards the end of making sure that everyone gets taken care of in the best possible manner given the constraints we've had and no one could have ever predicted what the pandemic was going to do to every country so i want to thank everyone involved. guest: that's such a great comment because at the end of the day we are going to get through this. i think it's really important for us to understand the psychology impact this is having on it and to make sure we're doing everything we can as a nation, as a communities to make sure we're attending to that.

a -- the reality is that our psychological health affects our decision-making ability, our ability to problem solve through this situation and for all of those folks that are doing what they have to do in order to help us get through this, i would also amplify the thanks that you're giving to them but also say to all of us that we have to pay attention to this aspect. i'd actually like to see a more robust inclusion of the mental health aspects as we go into this longer because we know that we're going to have these kinds of impacts and if we're going to come out on the other end, making sure that we're mentally well as a part of that is going to be really important to our success. host: if any of our viewers or followers feel like they need professional or outside help, who should they contact? guest: our website, apa.org

because we have a lot of the information that i've talked about today up on our website. we have sperblingsed information for parents, public officials, for people who are faculty. there are many people in the middle of their training. i would encourage people to go .org. if they are needing professional help, probably the most efficient way to get that is to go through their insurance carrier because they can help you who's in your network and help you get connected to those folks. if you're uninsuranced, either your county or state government. i would start with the state level. and reach out and indicate that you are uninsuranced but you need some help and they will have the responsibility of helping to you get connected to those services.

host: we'd like to thank dr. arthur evans, c.e.o. of the american medical psychological association for being with us and helping us survive this crisis mentally. dr. evans, thank you. >> the white house did not release a weekly address from the president. representative pete difazio of oregon gave the democratic address, discussing the role of transportation in response to the coronavirus. rep. peter defazio: i serve as the chair of the house committee and if cheshire. unprecedented moment and pry -- fighting an unprecedented foe, covid-19. in the future of our economy. it is important to remember we are all in this together. americans are working at every level around the