impact on american workers and what he expects ahead. that this sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. you can also hear it on c-span radio and watch it online at c-span.org. joinedre back and we are by dr. arthur evans. joined by dr. arthur evans, the ceo of the american psychological association and we stress and coping strategies for all of us during the coronavirus pandemic. good morning. guest: good morning, i am glad to be here. host: tell us what the american psychological association is. tell us the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist. mest: thank you for allowing on the program. the american psychological association is the largest association of psychologists in the country. 100 20,000ut

members, students and affiliates across the u.s. and around the world. what psychologists do, psychologists are trained at the doctorate level. train in a field clinical, as i did, in which you not only study and do original research, but you do additional clinical training. you do a whole range of things from organizational psychology -- there are many psychologists in the business world, many who work at laboratories doing cognitive work or developmental work. psychologists do a whole range of things. because of that, we talk about any aspect of human behavior. there is practically no area of human behavior that psychologists are not doing work from. environmental work to cognitive work to help people learn and study. we try to bring all of that to

bear when we are working with people. for those of us who were clinically or working applied settings. host: for our viewers, what is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist or is there a difference? guest: there is a difference. a psychologist will go to graduate school and study an area for many years, usually four or five years. a psychiatrist goes to medical school. they train as physicians and then do a specialty in psychiatry. two very different types of training. there is overlap. we look at the same literature often for those of us who are clinicians. very different orientations and training. host: what are the greatest psychological challenges facing americans in this situation now with coronavirus? guest: this is a unique situation. in my career, i have been

responsible for mental health disaster responses after 9/11 and various disasters since then. this is a very unique set of circumstances. we have a situation that is affecting the entire population. it is going to be prolonged. there is a lot of uncertainty involved. there is a number of factors involved here that we know from a lot of research will have an impact on people's mental health. it is really important for us to understand that but also to understand the ways we can mitigate the negative impacts and ensure as we come out of this on the others that the population is as healthy as it can be. seeing a lot of families at home now with their children out of school. we are seeing a lot of people

stuck in the same spaces. what are some of the stresses we are seeing being put on americans from our coronavirus related activities -- from the social distancing, from being stuck inside? what are some of the stresses being put on americans? guest: this is one of the challenges. there are many stresses. this is something that is affecting almost every aspect of our lives. it is not only being in close quarters with your family over a very extended period of time, but disruptions in people's work, students are not able to go to school, many people are being affected financially. i think we have to look at the totality of all of the stresses people are experiencing and think about how we deal with that. the reality is the level of uncertainty is certainly something that affects people. the close quarters, as you

mentioned, is something over a the socialime -- distancing is probably the aspect of this i am the most concerned about. we have a lot of research that shows how important social connectedness is. on one hand, we have a body of research on social support which shows that generally the more social support we have in our lives, the better we do physically, the better we do psychologically, the better we do in life, generally. that research goes back over decades, literally. there are literally hundreds of studies that show that. on the other hand, we have another body of research that shows social isolation can have a negative impact on us from a physical standpoint, a mental standpoint. mortality is greater for people who are socially isolated. together, what the research shows is social connectedness is

important for health. our physical health and/or mental health. a big part of managing this crisis is social distancing, which means we have to figure out ways to overcome that so that we are ensuring we are having that connectedness that helps us stay healthy and well. that is the biggest challenge we have. of uncertainty creates fear in the population. abilityr can impact our to think through the problems we have to solve. we know the kinds of impacts people are having in terms of their employment can lead to depression and other kinds of mental health challenges. collectively, all of these things are having an impact and it will be really important for us to understand that, to pay attention to that, and to be very intentional about developing strategies to overcome that. host: i see on your website you

guys are suggesting the social distancing. you are not sitting people don't social distance -- you are not saying people don't social distance during this pandemic. what are some of the things you can suggest a people to keep themselves healthy while they are social distancing? guest: that is such a great question and that is the big challenge we have. i want to be very clear that social distancing should not lead to social isolation. social isolation is very, very bad for our health. bet we have to do is creative about keeping social connections. if this had happened 20 or 30 years ago, we would be in a different position. we have technology now, iphones, most of us have smartphones, most of us have internet connections, most of us are connected through social media. all of those are things they can help us overcome the fact that

we have to be -- that we have to distance ourselves, socially. i encourage people to be very intentional about trying to keep connections. exampleseen some great of how people are overcoming that by going virtually for meetings. my daughter is a dancer and she was talking about debby allen doing a dance lesson virtually. there were thousands of people from around the world and she was so excited because that was an opportunity she would not have had, otherwise. people are doing all kinds of things to stay connected and i would encourage people, regardless of what it is to keeps you connected, figure out how people are staying connected in that realm. communities are another important aspect of keeping us healthy. another area of support for

people and people should reach out. i am trying to figure that out, calling up old friends. a lot of people have a lot of time now. most of us have old friends that we would love to reconnect with. give them a call. what i would suggest is when you give them a call, do a facetime call so you can see them physically. it helps with feelings of social connectedness. host: you guys have put up suggestions for how to cope under social limitation measures. here are some things i thought you are suggesting. consumption to reliable sources. one of the things that is happening in our world is we are a 24 hour news world. do you think we should slow down on news consumption? guest: we absolutely should. there is research that shows too much media has a negative effect on people's mental health.

social media, especially. too much social media has been shown to have a negative impact people have to modulate or moderate the amount of social media they are taking in. the more social media people taken, the more fearful they will be around this particular crisis. limiting that, you don't want to do that with c-span, especially this morning, but otherwise, you have to think about how you limit your social media intake. suggest creating and following a daily routine. even if you are at home, how important is it to have a routine you go through every day? guest: the routine is important. there are a couple of things about that. it will help people feel much more grounded and normalize. there is one thing to keep in mind.

into socialof going isolation happened literally overnight. it has affected so many aspects of our lives. we will not be able to snap our fingers and have a new world in terms of how we have organized our lives. we need to give ourselves time to rebuild our lives given this new reality. we will be in this for quite a while. but, having said that, there are things we can start to do immediately to create routine in our lives. it is critical to do that for children, especially. they are now out of school and making sure they have a routine that helps them feel more grounded, it will be important, as well. host: we are talking with dr. arthur evans, the ceo of the american psychological association. we are going to open up our phone lines to you in case you have questions you want to ask dr. evans about how to cope with

our social distancing. we are going to open up regional lines. if you are in the eastern or central time zones, we want you to call in at (202) 748-8000. if you are in the mountain or pacific time zones, your number will be (202) 748-8001. if you are a medical professional, we want you to join this conversation, as well. your number will be (202) 748-8002. you can always text us at (202) 748-8003. we are always reading on social media. on facebook.d we know a lot of family and friends are social distancing and quarantining themselves. what should we be on the lookout for to make sure our family and

friends are being mentally healthy and safe while they are staying in their apartments and homes? what are some symptoms we need to look out for to make sure our family and friends are mentally safe? guest: there are a number of things. as i mentioned earlier, there are a few really unique things about this particular crisis. i would be looking out for anxiety, anger. angryeople will be very because they are restricted. their mobility has been restricted. because be very angry they lost their job. i would look out for anger, excessive anger. i would lookout for anxiety, fear and concern. i would lookout for depression. our people more depressed? are they reporting they are depressed? are they having trouble sleeping? are they having trouble eating?

those are science people are experiencing psychological distress. our first line of defense is to do the things we feel the can help mitigate. we will talk about those strategies. we get to a point where you need help, reach out for that. one thing that has been happening is the federal government and insurance companies and associations are working at how to ensure we can ,ove very quickly to telehelp the clinician talking directly throughe needing help technology, videoconferencing and so forth. there are barriers to that. regulatory barriers that are being addressed. i think many of those have now been addressed and we have more of an ability to do that. i encourage people to reach out for professional help if they get to that point.

host: i have been joking with a lot of people about having cabin fever, having been at home for a week with my children and family and not having interaction with other adults outside of my house. what do you tell people who are like me, who say i just need to get out of the house? i need that interaction. what are some things we can do? you have to listen to local officials in terms of leaving the house. most places, people are still able to leave their house. that would be one thing. the other thing is to look for alternatives and create new alternatives. i mentioned a virtual dance class. people who are recovering, for example, can do virtual aa meetings. something that is very important. there are communities that are doing their worship services

virtually. those things that are pleasurable to you, chances are there is someone who is figuring out how to do that virtually and connecting. we had a virtual happy hour and i had to say -- people were not drinking -- but it was the concept of connecting, just doing something to keep people connected. i will be doing a virtual town hall with my staff and allowing people to ask questions, those kind of things. our work environment, our social environment, all of those areas of our lives are figuring out new ways to keep connected. i really encourage people to look for how that is happening in their community and their social network. host: let's let some of our callers viewers join in. start with patricia, who is calling from new jersey.

patricia, good morning. caller: good morning and thank you for c-span. dr. evans, i wonder what you mean by saying this is a new reality. how would you describe a new reality? unlike other disasters, earthquakes or hurricanes, those events happen, we know when they happen and why they happened. we can go into a recovery period immediately after. we know how those processes work, generally. onre is a lot of research how people recover after those kind of disasters. this is different. no onef all, there is event we can look to to understand what is going on. uncertaintyot of

about when this situation will p eak. we don't know how long this will last. the fact we have to isolate across the country is very different, very unique. people are losing their jobs. there are so many factors involved that are creating a unique set of circumstances, something we have not had to deal with as a nation before. it will require us to be very creative and innovative to work through this. i think, just based on what we see happening, things are going to get even more difficult and challenging over the next several weeks, and potentially months. we have to be ready, psychologically, for that. that is the bad news. the good news is there are many things we can do to take our mental health -- take our mental health into our own hands and

make sure we are healthy throughout this process and certainly on the back end as we come out of this. host: let's talk to james, who is calling from myrtle beach, south carolina. good morning. caller: first of all, i would like to let all the previous this is notrstand the flu. house and seeyour you and hope you will get better and i can leave and not worry about catching anything. -- if i to your come to your house and you have this virus, i will have to be tested. you need to start taking this thing real serious. this is the start of the season and we are closed down. it is like a ghost town.

we are going to be in some serious trouble. businesses are going to lose a lot of money because of this thing and we are taking it serious. what do youans, ,hink -- why do you think sorry, i can't get the word out. why do you think there are people who are out there who are still in denial about this being serious? we have people out there who say this is a hoax, it is not that bad, it is just the flu. what is going on with the denial we see out there about the data we are seeing? that: the first thing is the way this has been described, i think we could do a better job of describing what is happening with this particular crisis and why it is different than the flu. i, frankly, don't think we have done a good job explaining that to the public. as i have listened to the public

health officials who have been talking about this, it sounds like the real crisis is not because people are having flu symptoms, and even the mortality around it, it is the pressure that the number of people who get this virus, the pressure that that will put on our health care system, it is what we are seeing in italy. i don't think we have done a good job with talking about that. forerday we did a webinar public officials and we talked about how public officials can communicate more effectively to people based on psychological science -- the science around communication. one of the presenters talked about how to effectively use numbers. if you look at how numbers have been used in this crisis, we focus on two things -- the number of people affected and the number of people who have

died from this condition. that does not really reinforce the real impact this is having on hospitals and if we talk about those numbers -- what is the capacity of hospitals? will we be able to take care of -- people who are currently we know people who have elective things, some people have serious conditions, they are not able to get access to care. those are the numbers that are more important in this situation because those are the numbers the tell the public why this is so important. the first thing is, we have to tell a story and use all of the available information to reinforce the messages we want the public to have. the second thing is that, unfortunately, we know that people look at almost everything that is happening in our society through a political lens. on wherehat, depending

you are politically, you will look at this particular situation differently. until all of our political leaders are on the same page and talking about this in the same way, unfortunately, we will continue to have people having varying opinions about how important this is, is it real, and so forth. tim, who istalk to calling from minnesota. you are a medical professional. what do you do? caller: i am a licensed practical nurse. host: what are you seeing out there? caller: we have one confirmed case in our county. evans wanted to ask dr. -- i wanted to make a comment -- about howarticle humor helps in dark times. i found in my practice -- it is a universal language.

i worked with a lot of confused clients years ago. we used humor a lot. we would get people laughing. i just wanted to hear what the doctor has to say about that. thanks a lot for your information. guest: that is such a great comment. it absolutely is true. i think humor can be very important. one of the things we do when we work with people clinically is to help them identify -- i have worked with people and particularly people who have been depressed for a long time, when i give them an exercise of thinking about pleasurable things, or things you do that you get a lot of pleasure at, you can see this look, well, i had not thought about those kind of things for quite a while. one thing that can happen in this kind of crisis is we are so focused on trying to deal with

the problems and challenges that we have that we lose sight of the things they give us pleasure in life. one of the important strategies is for us to think about, what are the things they give us pleasure? whether it is humor, art, music, or whatever it is, and let's be intentional about trying to bring those things into our lives. it is something that helps us cope and you do better under stressful situations. host: we are talking about medical professionals, i am curious as to what your advice is for people in the medical profession? they are out there on the front lines. inanyone is going to come contact with someone with coronavirus, it is them. how do they keep themselves mentally healthy as they are being asked to do more and more? respect have so much for the people who are in

hospitals, first responders. these folks don't have a choice. they have to show up to work and they do it in very selfless ways. i think they deserve so much credit for what they do for the public. as a public official for many years before i came to the american psychological association, people in government right now are working long days, as well. what i would say is, when you're in that position, you have this duality. on one hand, you have to think about your family and all of the things you have to do in your personal life and you have to compartmentalize that because you have to go to work. that is what a lot of people do. they compartmentalize. is important for people to take care of themselves. can unreasonably begin to

believe they don't have the ability to, or might even feel guilty to take time off. for those who fly, you know when they talk about if there is an emergency and the oxygen masks come down, you have to put that on you first before you can help other people. that is a really good metaphor for people in the position of first responders and medical professionals. you have to put your mask on first. if you don't take care of yourself physically and mentally, you will not be able to take care of other folks and you can't feel guilty about that. asis him porton -- it is important as the work you're are doing. host: selena from michigan, good morning. caller: good morning, how are you? host: just fine. go ahead with your question. caller: i have a statement to make. peoplenoticed a lot of in the stores are depressed about this virus.

because only depressed all of these hang ups and issues over the years from childhood, whether it is sex issues, race, political issues and they are feeling guilty because they know this virus can come down there street, anyone can pass by their house and they will be gone. that is where the depression is coming from. they are looking at their lives and maybe they should have been a better person than they were. their life can be prolonged. have a great day. one thing i will say is we know people who have pre-existing mental health conditions will be at greater risk during these kinds of stressful situations. people have to pay particular attention to how they are doing

and if they relied on professional help in the past, reach out if they are starting to have challenges. if they have not, this might be a good time to reach out for that help. the other thing that the caller said that is important to recognize, we are going to get through this as a country and it is important to maintain hope. it does not mean things will be easy, but maintaining hope that things will get better is a really important aspect of this, as well. schoolsth a lot of being out and businesses closing their doors, we are spending a lot more time with our immediate direct family than a lot of us have expected we would be. one of our social media followers wants to know, will all of this help or hurt the family structure? guest: another good question. great questions this morning.

one thing we have thought a lot aout lately is, never we have crisis like this, there are challenges we have. i have described many of those. the other thing that happens is we learn new ways of living, doing our work. i think there is some possibility that there will be things that make us better and stronger as we come out of this. one of the things we have been trying to do for quite a bit of time in my organization, a lot of organizations, how do we reduce our carbon footprint as an organization? organizations have inertia and it is difficult to make those kind of things happen but this is forcing the issue. when we come out of this on the a muchite, we will be in stronger position on that. it might be for families, where you're having to spend more time

together, this is an opportunity to talk and have more conversations. parent,ents -- i was a i still am a parent, but i don't have small children anymore -- most parents are so busy that you don't really have time to sit down and talk to your children in the ways you would like to. you don't have an opportunity to sit down and have dinner. the percentage of people who have dinner together in the country has gone down pre-dramatically over the last few decades. dramaticallypretty over the last few decades. this is a good time to deal with some of the things we have wanted to do historically but our lives have been so busy we have not been able to do. helping children with homework is another thing. parents can be so tired when i get home they don't feel they have the time. to bes an opportunity

very intentional to think about things you always wanted to do. you have the time, how do you make the best of this? that way when you come out on the other end, you are a stronger family. host: let's talk to rick who is calling from louisville, ohio. good morning. caller: how are you doing? first of all, the media started covering this the day after the head of the federal reserve said he will no longer go to negative interest rates. a $30 trillionto crash in the stock market that will require a $10 trillion bailout. trillionok at the $30 and you look at the numbers of this virus, we have 200 dead so far this year. beegular virus year would

25,000 to 50,000. this season started november, december, january, february. it is march. about dehumanizing, desensitizing, dividing conquer. , mushroomut the media to scareleeper cells the public into getting into a war. millions of people died. prove that yous as a psychologist -- i watch c-span bring economist after economist from yale trying to at 30,000. dow it was 99% fraud. you are coming on here as a psychiatrist -- they bring on scientists who lie about

fracking. you are on here, you are brainwashing people. host: go ahead and respond. guest: i'm not sure how to respond to that. i don't know what the question was. people will look at these situations through different lenses and they will see different aspects of this. clearly there is an economic aspect. having said that, there are clearly things, other areas we have to pay attention to, as well. host: another thing we always joke about his stress. a lot of people say, it is just stress, get over it. how does stress affect us psychologically? a reallyress is important issue we have to pay attention to. not only does it affect us psychologically, it affects us physically. we have a lot of data and studies that show that. from a psychological standpoint,

,tress can cause depression traumatic stress can cause posttraumatic stress disorder. anxiety, there are so many areas of our lives the can be affected by stress. on the physical side, cardiovascular disease, other chronic conditions can either occur or be exacerbated by chronic stress. it is important for us to be aware of the signs that we have that we are being stressed and to begin to mitigate that. most of us know when we are stressed. we have those flags in our own lives. for some people, you start forgetting more things. you start having difficulty thinking about or or addressingg issues in your life. those kinds of things can be flags and important signals to

us that we need to do something to manage our stress. host: the one thing we have not talked about yet this morning, for a lot of us stuck in our houses, is the importance of exercise and staying healthy. how important is that for us and how do we do that when we are socially distancing ourselves? guest: exercise and physical health is important to our mental health. there is a bidirectional relationship. if we want to maintain our mental health, we have to take care of our physical health. eating right, sleeping right, those kinds of things, getting good nutrition, it is important to our mental health and vice versa. when we have good mental health, it affects our physical health. i think we have to get creative. going toaid she was get one for exercise machines. the first thing i said is we don't have room. we are going to figure out how

to deal with that. the gym anymore. people are going to have to make some choices. fortunately, there are good wherems on the internet people can do exercises and exercise routines and sometimes coach" even if they don't have equipment. that is something i would encourage people to look into. tom, who istalk to calling from georgia. good morning. caller: good morning, gentlemen. how are you this morning? i am a citys -- worker and i do my job well. i have a manual labor type job. i am in my 60's and i'm a type two diabetic.

me, iings that concerns might lose my job over this, the thing that concerns me is all of the top employees in city hall, it is shutting down. i am out here working as we speak. i am at work now. i am just as scared as the next person dealing with the public. all they keep telling me is if you are sick, don't come to work. it should not come to this level. there is no arrangement being workers wholltime have to work if they want to eat and pay their bills or go bankrupt. status, mylife working status, so i am not complaining. like i said, i am just as scared as everyone else and i don't feel it should get to the status of where i am in a coffin before it is taken seriously in my situation. guest: another very good point.

it is really important for us to make sure people's basic needs are addressed to this crisis. a lot of people are losing jobs or income. if we don't take care of that, it will be difficult for people to deal with any other aspect of their lives. i am here in washington. happening ins terms of what is being considered in legislation to make sure if people lose their jobs they will still have a way of supporting themselves and their family through some kind of payment. i think that is enormously important as we are managing ourselves through this crisis. i would also like to say to this caller in particular, people that still have to do their work, they are dealing with the things everyone else's dealing with but they still have to show up for work and be present. i want to thank him and congratulate him for just being

that kind of person that is showing up and doing what they need to do to help the public. host: we know there are some people who call themselves introverts and some people call themselves extroverts. we have a social media follower who wants to know, what should we do as extroverts when we are facing social isolation? isolation makes me uncomfortable. earlier, were talking we are going to have to use new ways to keep social connectedness. i encourage people to use technology in a way to help do that. whether it is through the internet, apps, facetiming, those kind of things. we are seeing some creative things people are doing. discovered one, maybe you can create one. host: let's go to our next caller, brandon in dover,

delaware. good morning. caller: how are you doing? i have a couple different points. i am in delaware. herenly thing open around our stores. they are telling everyone to shut down and stay in the house. you still have walmart open, sam's club, you still have these places open where everyone is at. they tell you don't go to church yet there are people packed into sam's club. me and my people still do things. delaware, weer, are doing what we want, still moving around. i understand there are only a couple cases. nobody even knows nobody that has it. i'm not saying its not real. i believe there is the flu going around. people are going

crazy for nothing in a sense. do you see what i'm saying? is, a what i would say lot of this crisis is about not just will this affect me? what are my behaviors that i have to engage in to help other people stay well? this is an area where public officials can do a better job of explaining that it is not just about what can happen to me, but what are my behaviors and how might they affect vulnerable people in our community is? people who are immune compromised and the elderly. i think we have to keep reminding ourselves of that and making sure we are doing things to keep those folks safe. host: how would you suggest we talk about coronavirus to our children and elderly parents, who might not completely

understand what is going on? what should we say to them? children, to be age develop mentally appropriate. of how have a good sense to explain things to their children. i think it is important for young children to say it is unlikely this will be something that will make them sick, at least that is what the data says now. it is important to say that, to explain what a virus is. for really young children, you might want to talk about germs, a concept they understand, and how those germs can make grandma or older people sick her. using that kind of common language that children understand, it could help them understand what is going on. for older people, it is a different set of challenges that

have to do with their behavior and things they can do to protect themselves. i have a number of friends -- a mother-in-law and friends who have parents who are older. it has been interesting listening to the conversations around convincing folks about what they need to do in order to stay safe. i think it is important for us to have those conversations. we wantnd of the day, the older individuals in our community to stay safe through this crisis. let's talk to our next caller from portland, oregon. caller: good morning to both of you. host: go ahead. have three questions.

it is important for me to hear your statement about the importance of faith-based activities. [indiscernible] i think faith-based activities covers all of them. host: i did not quite understand her. guest: it sounded like she was talking about faith and how important it that is. it is another area of research that shows how important faith is for people. people who are part of faith

communities are healthier in some ways for a variety of reasons. one is the social support that i talked about. people get a that lot of comfort and support through their faith community, i think it is important through this crisis to stay connected to the community. host: let's talk to george from middleton, ohio. george, good morning. caller: good morning. voter and a first time voter at the age of 35, i know what this kind of scare is doing to the economy and it is crazy. aerospace,try, i do we have at governor make sure we keep the aerospace industry going. i work with thousands of employees. many have run out of facemasks, hand sanitizer, things to keep

us healthy. we are having individuals come back from overseas and come to work and we are all working in ohio. are we safe to say there will be an election coming up? guest: that is something i can't comment on. i don't know that. it will be difficult. there are political leaders that will have to make tough choices, particularly if this crisis continues to go on the way it is. des moines, iowa, good morning. caller: good morning. , we areion is quarantining ourselves, trying to do what is right. , my husband is older and he is in the generation that he can be very much affected. i am not.

i work as a massage therapist. i am hands on with all of my clients. i am concerned that we are quarantined together, but neither one of us know if we have the virus. andcan you bunker down quarantine with someone if you don't have the ability to be tested? i don't want to infect my husband, or i don't want him to infect me and it is really playing with my head. iam trying to figure out how can stop having that message go over and over in my head. they say everyone does not need to be tested, but i feel like we all need to be tested so we don't in fact our loved ones. what do you think about that? guest: this is one of the dilemmas and part of the uncertainty that is creating a lot of anxiety. at this point, we have to think

about this as a marathon and not a sprint. there are certain aspects of how we are managing the crisis now that will change over time and, frankly, hopefully get better over time. we are at a point in the crisis where there is a high degree of uncertainty. we don't have the testing and things that are needed. a lot of people are working on that and hopefully those things will get better over time. in terms of the psychology of this, we have to rely on the best information that is available. ways to helpher manage our stress and anxiety around what is happening is to have a small number of trusted sources of information. one of the things that people can do that actually works against them is to just take into much information, sometimes conflicting information, because

they are going to a lot of different sources. i would stick to sources like the cdc or governmental sources. johns hopkins has a really good website and great information. there are some really trusted brands and sources that can help give us guidance on that. i would limit the amount of information to those areas and try to stick to those guidelines as much as possible. host: dr. evans, here is a question from a social media follower who is wondering how to talk to people. the young generation is not taking this seriously, not practicing social distancing and don't seem to be sensitive to the needs of others. they call the virus the boomer doomer. sensitized to those that are desensitized? guest: we talked about the messaging around this. a lot of the messaging has

emphasized the impact it can have on us as individuals. people who are young feel like this will not be a big deal for them. they believe they can take that risk. particularlyunity, younger people who are not following guidelines, talk about the impact this will have on other people in the community -- vulnerable people in the committee. their parents, potentially, or their grandparents, and really emphasize that. that is the kind of messaging that is much more likely to get behavioral changes that we need. isalso know social norming important. the degree to which we can create social norms that reinforce the kind of behaviors we are talking about and makes it much more likely that people and weign with that

would not see the behavior in terms of people taking risks and not heeding advice of public health officials. host: let's get a couple of more calls in. minneapolis, minnesota. william, good morning. caller: thank you for taking my call. you are a doctor, right? guest: i am a psychologist. my training is in psychology. caller: here is my question for you. who do you think has the most interaction with patients in hospitals and nursing homes? and assisted living facilities? who has the most interaction? guest: usually it is the nursing staff in most facilities. caller: you said nursing staff. assistance,ids, have more interaction with

patients in these facilities and who are the most unprotected? nursing assistance. have -- nursing assistants are the ones who are most vulnerable and will be the ones most infected and probably the ones ending up being carriers. what do you think they are doing about that? what will we do when we don't have any nurses to take care of these patients? guest: you are raising an important issue that there are crisisthat are in this and they will be disproportionately affected because of their jobs and the type of work they do. we have to do everything we can as a society and a community to make sure those people are protected. it sounds like you might be doing that kind of work. i really hope the facility you

are working for is doing everything it can to make sure you are safe, you are well, and you are in a position to stay healthy throughout this crisis. host: let's take one more caller , from massachusetts. good morning. caller: hi. the reason i am calling is i wanted to make a statement. a lot of people are concerned about the response not being robust enough, quick enough. i want to thank everyone who is involved that is providing support and guidance to make sure everyone understands there are a lot of people working sured the end and making everyone gets taken care of in the best possible manner, given the constraints we have had. no one could have ever predicted what the pandemic was going to do to any country.

i want to thank everyone involved. guest: that is such a great comment because at the end of the day, we are going to get through this. it is really important for us to understand the psychological impact that this is having on us. and to make sure we are doing everything we can as a nation and a community to make sure we are attending to that. the reality is our psychological health affects our decision-making ability, our ability to problem solve through this situation. and for all of those folks who are doing what they have to do in order to help us get through amplify thed also thanks you are giving to them, but also say we have to pay attention to this aspect. i would like to see a more robust inclusion of the mental health aspect as we go into this

longer, because we know we will have these kinds of impacts. if we are going to come out on the other hand, and make sure we are mentally well, that will be really important to our success. host: if any of our viewers are followers feel like to any professional or outboundfollowed professional or outside help, who should they contact? guest: i would like to point to our website because we have a lot of the information i've talked about on our website. we have specialized information for parents, public officials, people in the middle of their training. i would encourage people to go apa.org. if they need professional help, the most efficient ways your insurance carrier because they can tell you who is in their network and help you get

connected to those folks. if you are uninsured you can go to your local, county, or state government. i would start at the state government. sometimes they are run by state governments, sometimes county governments, i would start with the state. i would indicate you are uninsured but need help. they will have the responsibility of helping you to get connected to those services. dr.: we would like to thank arthur evans, the ceo of the american psychol c-span's washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up sunday morning, the american enterprise institute will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of washington's response to the coronavirus outbreak.

then washington post's opinion writer will be on to talk about campaign 2020, and the latest on the coronavirus pandemic. be sure to watch a c-span's washington journal live at 7:00 eastern sunday morning. join the discussion. next, president trump leads a briefing by the coronavirus task force, updating the government's response to the pandemic. he was joined by vice president pence as well as medical and health officials. pres. trump: thank you. a lot of things going on. we are having a lot of meetings. , this is anancial medica