georgia two days before election day. joining her is the democratic challenger to income at republican senator david purdue. begins at 1e fo p.m. eastern on c-span, online, or listen live on the free c-span radio app. washington week, journal has focused on key battleground states this election year with political reporters and analysts on the ground. we've examined what has changed since 2016, what public policy issues are motivating voters and took a look at what recent political trends that could give us clues on how the state might vote in just a few days. vote in just a few days. today we look at arizona. joining us is chris weber, an associate professor at the university of arizona. good morning. guest: thanks for having me. host: tell us how arizona became a battleground state, a swing

state in this cycle. guest: first, demographic changes. the state is rapidly changing and was moving in a peripheral direction for the last couple of election cycles. see doesn't explain what we in terms of this particular election, where it seems to be a good amount of republican defection from ranks and republicans indicating they are voting democrat, independents are leaning toward biden and mark kelly, the senate candidate. we have seen a surge in democratic registration in the state. on the whole, that is unlikely to change the trend as were publicans far outnumber democrats in the state. host: you had an op-ed in the

new york times titled "why would a republican vote biden, asked arizonans?" why would they support biden? what has changed? guest: i credit my colleague here at the university of arizona. together we worked on a survey with the arizona policy lab, an organization affiliated with the school of government and public policy. what we find is a surprising number of arizonans across the ,isle, democrats, independents and republicans, have indicated they sort of lean towards the middle. this notion that we are caught in this polarized climate between left-leaning democrats and right-leaning republicans, while in some cases is true, it generally doesn't mirror what we see in the state.

host: there is a paragraph in that op-ed that i want to read to everyone talk a little bit about. says, it is no longer necessary reflected in what the parties have to offer. arizonans often moderate democrats and republicans have been left up for grabs in the middle wall major party candidates have often moved to opposite ends of the ideological spectrum. have arizonans become moderate? guest: i believe arizonans have long been moderates. we have been a with quite a few with a large retirement community. piece is really given the time of political polarization come over the past several decades, we have seen political parties move towards the right among republicans into

the left among democrats. that has largely been a trend among political elites and not necessarily voters. what we are seeing in the polarized climate is leaving a large swath of the population up for grabs. host: our viewers can take part in the conversation. we will open up regular lines for this piece. if you support president trump and vice president mike pence, call (202) 748-8001. if you support joe biden and his vice presidential candidate kamala harris, call (202) 748-8000. if you are undecided or support a third-party ticket, your number is (202) 748-8002. we are going to open up a special line for arizona residents only. if you live in arizona, we want to know what you think. we want you to call (202)

748-8003. you can also text us at that same number, (202) 748-8003. we are always reading on social media, twitter and c-span wj, and facebook and facebook.com/c-span. surrogates --and both president trump and surrogates have been in arizona. who do they appeal to in arizona? , a month ago,ona the washington post did a really nice east -- a nice piece describing the political nature of various regions within the state. it is generally fair to look at the state as for regions, tucson, which is where i am, which is the more liberal,

democratic leaning part of the state. and northwest portions of the state tend to really lean republican. is most likely what will decide this election and counts for roughly half of voters and probably will this race as well. trump isto me that most likely going to win the northwest in the northeast, probably likely to lose tucson. it really is maricopa county, which is a very diverse county, that is phoenix and surrounding suburbs. so when we see the divisive nature of the president's rhetoric, that will appeal to people in maricopa county. but we have all heard the story how trump is supposedly losing

that vote and were biden may pick up more traction. host: what are some of the top issues that arizonans are voting on in this election? guest: that is also a great question. in our survey, we didn't actually ask what is the most important issue facing the state or country. that is actually a pretty common question asked in the survey and we didn't have the resources to included. you will likely see an answer to that question the surveys that come out after election day. in our survey, arizonans feel strongly about what many of the nation feels strongly about, and covid, immigration, and racial justice protests. it turns out that among the strongest predictors for the

left and right among democrats and republicans is covid as well as immigration policies. npr, looking at is troy by they noted that arizona had the dubious mark is one of the highest number -- looking at a story by npr, they noted that arizona has the dubious mark over the highest deaths in the nation. how is coronavirus affecting the race in arizona? guest: i was a quite a bit. evaluations of donald trump and of the governor and mayors and politicians, it is largely driven by partisanship, as one might expect. the largest divide in terms of evaluating the president and his covid response, the largest partisan divide is for the

president. so far it seems to be much more mixed on both sides of the aisle about doug ducey come with far more republicans having views or being in opposition. it turns out there is actually -- it is always nice to see in surveys broad scale consensus, and we see that evaluations of mayors, both republicans and democrats have really been quite supportive of local politicians and mayors' response to the crisis. the state has gone up and down in numbers. we had a rough summer. the novice had gone down recently. they are back up again. schools are opening and a lot of folks are feeling the fatigue. it is certainly an issue that is

affecting our community, as it is affecting many communities. host: let's take a look at some things that president trump said while making a pitch for latino voters at a rally in goodyear, arizona earlier this week. here is president trump. [video clip] pres. trump: the latino community in arizona and around the country, today i am announcing the american dream plan. over the next four years, the american dream plan will bring within 2 million jobs to hispanic communities, create over a half million new hispanic whichsmall businesses, will end up being large businesses if i know you, and i know you well, great natural business people, expand opportunities for federal contracting. it is going to be much easier to get some of those jobs, and increase access to capital by hundreds of billions of dollars.

you are going to be in great shape. you are going to say, i like him very much. if sleepy joe is in, you will ask him and he won't have a clue. or hispanic americans will be able to buy a home, to afford quality health insurance and raise their families in a beautiful, safe neighborhood. [applause] phonelet's go to the lines and let the viewers join the conversation. we will start with darrell from athens, illinois, and darrell supports joe biden. caller: i would like to ask about donald trump's remarks he has made about quite a few groups that he needs to get elected. he has said things about the military. he has said things about john mccain. he has john mccain's wife making commercials against him. he said things about mexicans

that come to america, that they are murderers and rapists. he said the only ones that show up for immigration hearings of the low iq ones. he has gone out of his way to just about offend every demographic group he needs for only thing he has left himself appio's fan club. host: go ahead. guest: very interesting question. several remarks here. what we have heard from trump and a number of congressional candidates is perhaps the number we have seen them doing better

in the state then we have normally seen or predicted. there is a common line and arizona politics and national politics ticketed to barry goldwater. libertym in defense of in moderation and pursuit of justice is no virtue. what is interesting about that comment is not actually speaking to the political extremism plaguing our country now nor the violence plaguing our country now, but rather speaks to a deeply libertarian philosophy is very much part in parcel of arizona politics since 1964. withntly, to the present candidates such as jeff flake. the quote which is often misinterpreted, addresses this deep philosophical individualism, which is very much part of the state. what we have seen with the

president's rhetoric is it is really not resonating with political moderates. political moderates are overwhelmingly leaning towards both joe biden and much more so mark kelly. one andtion is a good the answer is the extremism, which i wouldn't even call ideological extremism, but the divisive rhetoric is one thing that has put this state of foreplay. caller brought up former u.s. senator john mccain and the fact that his wife has now endorsed joe biden. we have also seen other endorsements of joe biden from other republicans in arizona, like jeff flake. how do those type of established from an clinical party like the's and from a former publican senator

theylf, jeff flake -- are having any effect in arizona? i think so, but i can't speak with actual data. again we see a good number of moderate republicans have indicated they will vote for biden and kelly. i do think part of this reflects the unique nature of the gop within the state, this very deeply libertarian individualistic brand of conservatism. it is also often marked with a heightened degree of civility as well as bipartisanship. that is something that donald trump very much has an appeal to. these kind of endorsements from the right, particularly from prominent, iconic republican notres, while probably persuading liberals or democrats , do likely resonate with the

sort of moderate, more traditional arizona republicans. you thet me show commercial that jeff flake has cut for joe biden that is showing it. [video clip] >> i have been voting since 1984 when i cast a vote for ronald reagan. i have been a conservative republican my entire life and never have voted for a democrat for president. this year, principal and conscience require me to do that. i am voting for joe biden good when you fill out your ballot, ask yourself who will restore decency to the white house? will i be project on my children and grandchildren i voted for? -- who will i be proud to tell my grandchildren and children i voted for? leadership, integrity are values we cannot put aside when we cast our vote for president. if you hold on to these values,

our country will be better for it, and so will our party. and don't let anyone tell you by casting your vote for joe biden you are somehow not being conservative. this year, the most conservative and you can do is to put country over party. that is what i am doing. i hope you will join me. voting, let's of talk about how arizona votes. has been doing vote by mail for nearly 30 years. in 2018, nearly 80% of the vote cast were mail-in ballots. goneas the mail in process in arizona? considering the rhetoric we have heard from the white house about how mail-in ballot team can become according to them rigged. how has the balloting gone in arizona so far?

guest: to my understanding, it has gone quite smoothly. arizona has an infrastructure well capable of dealing with large amounts of mail-in ballots. casthing like 88% of votes in the recent primaries were male and. something like 80% -- were male il-in. it is a part of arizona politics. i have confidence it will work relatively smoothly. that is not to say we will necessarily know the results of the election right away, but it does seem that unlike other states, arizona does have a strong infrastructure in place to deal with mail-in ballots. host: do we know how many people have voted early in arizona, because i see early voting has

started on october 7, and the state does count it votes before election day? do we know how early voting is going in arizona? guest: i don't know how many of the top of my head how many votes have been mail-in.- we will see the vast majority of votes being cast by mail. as a personal anecdote, not scientifically speaking, when one drives around to some and dries by one of the sites that processes mail-in ballots, there is a lot of people. there are lines, and i do suspect many votes have already been cast. i don't foresee any real problems, at least that is the

reporting on this issue. host: as we were sitting and talking about this, i looked it up on the u.s. elections project. 2 million mail-in ballots have been returned in election, andis that there been more than 3 million ballots requested, but of course all these numbers do not include maricopa county. we see that more than 3 million people have requested mail-in ballot and more than 2 million mail-in ballots have come back in in arizona. do arizonans have confidence in this mail-in process? we've heard a lot about mail-in ballots from the president this year radar you seen with confidence in this process? guest: i do see quite a bit of competence, again because it's not new. it's been happening for quite some time.

the magnitude is likely to be different, but it is my understanding and how it has been reported in the state that it is likely to again work relatively well. that is not to say there won't hiccups,ps, -- but arizona is in a good position to account and be able to process the influx. host: let's go to the phone lines. let's talk to larry who was calling from circleville, ohio and support president trump. good morning. caller: i support donald trump, and i feel the state of arizona up be supporting donald trump because of what he's done to keep illegal immigrants from coming across their borders with theof the drugs and all of

problems they have with crime and everything that has come state.into their i feel that trump has done such a great job of trying to attack the state of arizona from all that influx. people need to look at what donald trump has done state of america and what he has done in the three plus years versus what has taken have and the people who run the country before him. i think donald trump has done an excellent job as far as getting things done and supporting america and making it great again. the foreign countries and put them in check but china and russia and ukraine . he has done such a great job

paired at think the people need to look at everything he's done versus what was done in the eight years ahead of him. host: go ahead and respond, chris. guest: thank you, larry. it is nice to hear when folks talk about a candidate rather than just simply the opposing candidate. we live in this time and what we call this negative partisanship, where it turns out a lot of voters aren't motivated by what their own candidate does or advocates, but rather with the opposing candidate represents. what we often see is folks dislike oflots on a the opposing candidate rather than necessarily liking or in ownng -- or endorsing one's candidate. the country would be much better

if voters were more attuned to the platforms of the candidates and what they stand for resident sort of what we have seen. host: one group we haven't talked about is senior voters in arizona. which candidate is doing better among seniors in arizona and why? guest: seniors, and especially white seniors, have certainly supported the president. we have seen those numbers flipping, largely in response to covid. it is not clear that this trend in --take place, but by at biden and kelly have clear, decisive edge among seniors in the state. who: let's talk to derek, is calling from randall's town, maryland. stown, maryland.

caller: mick sally has been mcsing to lose like she -- ally has been waiting to lose like she did before. it dumbfound to be how the cuban-americans have sold themselves out. they forgot about their civil rights and voting rights and all beenreat things that have -- that have happened to them. they can go where they want to go they could go to any restaurant or college they want to go to. all of that was from african-american efforts and they stab african-americans in the back and vote for a party that has a racist history. myope that arizona and friends, the hispanics, will get it together. we have a good chance to take

arizona, and i say that to all my minority friends out there. get out and vote. the republican party has never been for you. you can follow it all the way back to when they were first founded. they called themselves the democratic party and they left 1965 at the voting rights bill. don't let them you. trump called you everything in the book. trump called you everything in the book, either white trash or scum or whatever. let's get it together. thank you very much. int: what is the latino vote arizona and which way is it trending for the presidential election? guest: again, it is trending in the biden and kelly direction. if you take the 2018 race ally and kyrsten

sinema, they went for kristin cinema and that was one of the reasons why in this case we saw wheret -- a blue shift kristin cinema was able to pick up votes in the days after the election. host: we talk about the presidential race, but there is a senate race going on with martha mcsally and retired astronaut mark kelly. what does that race look like in arizona right now? guest: this is an interesting senate race in a number of ways. the campaign has been really unique. has a much larger over the past few months then biden. part of that is due to kelly's moderate nature.

he doesn't have a political background. he is the husband of congresswoman gabby gifford, and himselfmuch packaged and even in the debates several weeks ago, we saw him pushing for more of the sort of middle-of-the-road policy and distancing himself from the more extreme factions within the democratic party. the race has been quite unique. endorsed andy has embraced the ideology of trump. it is actually sort of interesting, because martha mcsally was actually congresswoman here in tucson for two terms and clearly pivoted in this race and has very much

followed the same campaign trajectory as the president. host: let's show some of the ads kellyre going on in the -mcsally. [video clip] my mom decided to become a police officer. she showed them and became the first female officer in our town . everyone's career path is different and this pandemic has pushed more people off course. we need to think outside the box. we need to help small businesses grow. college might not be for everyone, but a good paying job should be. i'm mark kelly and i approve this message. [video clip] the choice is mark kelly will raise taxes on working families. i will put more money in your pocket. kelly will put bureaucrats in

front -- in charge of your health care. i will give you doctors with health plans and protect -- protect pre-existing conditions. i am fighting for stronger borders. mark kelly is for the liberals, and i am with you. host: much will the presidential race affect the u.s. senate race? bit.: i think quite a it is a very unique race. i will not exactly answer your question, but just to say it is quite unprecedented for a challenger to wage such a campaignadvocacy-based , whereas in incumbent is very much attacking that challenger, who really doesn't have a political record. in the past within empirical political science, we see that

those kind of races backfire. , it worksivity works meaning it is effective among challengers attacking incumbents. out kelly has tried to stay of that and very rarely mentions martha mcsally by name. we saw this in the debate and we see this in his advertising. -- 32nd spots are very much 0-second spots, he doesn't engage the opposition very much. that's not to say he doesn't have any negative spots, he does, in comparison to martha triedy, she has very much note that kelly is

again affiliated with the sort of leftist factions within the true. which likely isn't to an arizonaed viewer, this is pat calling for mesa, arizona. pat supports joe biden. good morning. caller: good morning. i appreciate your time. with all due respect, i would like to challenge your contention that arizona voters tend to be independent. since been in arizona 1978 and came out here to get a masters degree at asu in business and have an undergraduate in economics from a school that east. i have been very, very active in political causes off and on ever since. my experience has been that even

though arizonans like to say they are independent, they are not really independent at all. or instance, john mccain was revered as the maverick and people thought that they were independent by voting for john mccain. i believe john mccain voted with george w. bush probably about flake the time and jeff trump probably 92% of themime and to call independent and a reflection of arizona, i think is not correct at all. i was a salesman most of my adult life, and i had to go through people and have met

literally thousands and thousands of people out here. my experience has been that arizona is incredibly, incredibly polarized state and so many people that call himself s or libertarians are very much hard-core republicans and they really don't take off the blinders much at all to consider an alternate opinion. i think you very much for your time, sir. q, pat you are absolutely correct. arizona is not an independent state but is a very republican state. if you look at registration rates in the state, the number of registered republicans far exceed the number of democrats. republicans -- i'm sorry democrats have gained slightly

and have a slight edge in the number of new registered voters over the past few months, but registered republicans still by a prettymocrats large margin. it isn't that arizonans are independent, it is that what we see when we look at ideology, whether one identifies as a conservative, moderate, or a number ofhat a large arizonans identify as moderate. that isn't to say there aren't the roast and conservatives in the state, but within the two major political factions, the republican party and the them credit party, 39% of democrats identify as ideologically moderate. about one third of registered republicans identify as

ideologically moderate. it isn't that the state is independent or independent borne out in is the data that there are a large number of those who really don't gravitate to the etiological poles, being a conservative or a liberal. host: let's talk about etiology a little bit. conservatism and liberalism and other ideologies -- how will they matter in this election? will they matter in this election? guest: when we talk about ideology, i will avoid the academic lecture. just thinking about etiology -- ideology, you have liberalism and conservatism, it actually isn't how most social scientists

understand the structure of ideology. it is a very complex thing. when we talk about those who identify as conservatives, that means all sorts of different things. libertarians identify as conservatives. conservatives or traditionalists identify conservative. when we think about this broad label, it actually does mean different things to different people. it applies on the left as well, that is that it is not easy to say one is just a liberal. what does that mean with the and sociallicy policy? again it can mean. different things. it is somewhat misleading to say that trump is going to win the conservative vote and biden is going to win the liberal vote, in fact there is a lot of nuance to that.

what i suspect is happening in the state is the story of -- is the sort of independent philosophy that runs deep within the gop. it is something that maybe doesn't jive well with the sort thatump-style populism we've seen during the campaign. to an arizona viewer, mark, calling from flagstaff, arizona, and he support go biden. good morning. -- he support joe biden. -- he supports joe biden. with martha mcsally, do you think there is the notion that she is sort of a lame-duck senator in the fact that she was appointed to an open seat after the death of john mccain and also whether or not tying her

political wagon to president trump has hurt her in that regard because of his disrespect of john mccain. secondly, do you think there is a groundswell of change in the state of arizona regarding race relations, specifically with the passing of prop 100 and other groundswell of people i believe who support the dreamers getting their rights. i will hang up and your answer. guest: thank you. a couple things. i am not sure that you martha mcsally is a lame-duck senator. this is a difficult one, because even in the special election, the seat is up in 2022 again. i am not sure. what has happened is that martha mcsally at one time was a very

centrist politician, centrist republican. in the era of trump, she has clearly pivoted in the direction of trump. i loathe to say she has pivoted to the right, because it is not clear that trump represents philosophical conservativism, in some ways perhaps, but i don't know. what has happened in the state is that the state gop has moved to the right and has become much more conservative than was the case decades ago. in that respect, and also due to the polarizing nature in reference to race and immigration that we see out of the white house, it does seem that the state is moving in a more liberal direction, though

then i would see moving in liberal direction doesn't mean this is likely to become a liberal state any time soon rather much more centric. martha mcsally appeared with president trump earlier this week in goodyear, arizona at the rally. here is a little bit of that appearance. [video clip] pres. trump: a woman who is running for the senate, currently a senator respected by everybody. her opponent will soon terminate your second amendment. martha mcsally. martha. [applause] up.ha, come [applause] quick., you have one minute. come on, let's go.

martha mcsally: thank you president trump. have six days and just a few hours. president trump and the country are counting on us to send him back to the white house for four more years. helping president trump martha mcsally, or does his campaign hurt martha mcsally? quickly, i can -- martha mcsally. host: why? guest: because of the things we have been discussing, moving away from the traditional republican, libertarian philosophy in the state, a move away from civility and bipartisanship we have seen in the state. believet is hard to

that given the president's divisive immigration rhetoric and my stomach sally's endorsement of that rhetoric and marthaps her -- mcsally's endorsement of that rhetoric that it helps her. chandlerry from support joe biden. good morning. .aller: good morning for the republicans backing trump, stand up in arizona at [indiscernible] and she is running for a seat [indiscernible] host: we are having a hard time

hearing terry. fully he will call back. -- hopefully he will call back. let's go to harriet. she supports president trump. something, and i have heard it a couple of times about really ticks me off these 545 missing immigrant tilden. i don't -- immigrant children. i don't know if people are aware, but during the obama administration, there were thousands of immigrants lost due to protocol who they didn't find them again. they were put into the hands of the human traffickers. there was the marion, ohio incident and many immigrant children that were sexually hurt because of the lack of protocols of what was going on in the obama

administration. i just wanted to straighten that out and i wanted to straighten out the people just don't get it about illegal immigrants. often, and one person i followed many years ago was terry anderson, who explains immigration hurt black americans. i just wanted to put that out there. it is available. there were many things on tv almost 20 years ago on dateline states weree border having issues of hospitals closing, losing jobs, they were depleted, financially depleted because of the inflow of illegals. host: is immigrants in play as a topic in this year's elections in arizona? guest: yeah, it is.

it is again a partisan divide although we have to focus on the differences and in some sense, it is important to focus on the similarities. what we see is that among democrats and republicans, on a number of immigration related issues, such as a pathway to citizenship for dreamers, there is a majority of support on both sides of the aisle for policies such as this. that isn't to say or diminish the other partisan differences that exists. republicans are far more supportive of building a border wall than are democrats, but attesting tong -- testi the ideology of the republican

party, there is support for a republican wall. madeleine, is to calling from granite bay, california. madeleine supports joe biden. caller: good morning. i am not in my residence in granite bay. i am in arizona. i am the daughter of a railroader in the great-granddaughter of a scotch immigrant to yuma, arizona and a mexican immigrant who was in los still partn it was of mexico. i am a retired hr director of a city and county in california, and i keep up with the need for more people to fill jobs and we need immigrants just as we always have, and i really get

thet in arizona with all of umpers. how can people really support trump when we need people of all races to come into this country to fill jobs? we do not have enough people in this country. we have all these immigrants peeking the fruit and vegetables in california and working in the fields here. that is my question. why can't people be more supportive of immigration? guest: madeleine, i don't know and i entirely agree with you. is:: let's go to susan, who from tucson, arizona. from support -- who is tucson, arizona.

susan support president trump. idea that support the we want to have freedom and liberty in this country. my experience in the state of 50 years and with hr behind me like the last woman, is that we want legal immigration. the point. people keep missing the facts on everything and democrats in tucson are notorious for that. everyone gets hung up on semantics. i don't care how trump talks. i care about results. people that are hispanic and black in this country have had the best time as far as employment they have ever had because of him. people do not want to get the mainstream media as the only source, because they don't give the facts. joe biden for all of the vital he is getting from the

mainstream press is very crooked. these people who want to back and are not looking into the true facts of everything. the bottom line is we support the mayor in tucson -- do not support the mayor in tucson. we do not support shutting down .usinesses randomly he also has a conflict of interest with them. we do not support the mccain per se she has never been anything except an appendage to john mccain who was also an interloper to the state. there are a lot of things people don't know unless you live here 50 years had the bodies are buried everywhere and no one wants to uncover them. this young man is young and doesn't know about this but he can do some research.

she was found to have stolen drugs when she was early for she was with john mccain. go to research and you will find the numbers and research. host: go ahead and respond, chris. guest: a couple of things. what we did in the survey as we actually, this is in response for covid but not overall, but what we see is throughout the republicans and democrats have been largely supportive of local mayors. i take ends with the idea that the mayor here and throughout the state haven't been doing their job. informationlot of in that statement and i would rather not respond. who iset's go to shane calling from texas. shane supports joe biden.

good morning. caller: good morning. i am currently living in texas. i did my masters at asu at the tempe campus. i consider myself a social fiscal conservative and voted for mccain in 2008 ann romney in 2012. and the bidenin relationship and see the type of thing we are missing and politics is the ability to talk to the other side, come to bipartisan common ground. that type of civil politics is something i think biden remembers and how the relationship with mccain to come to some common ground. that is one of the main reasons why i think biden can help us get to a place of

host: go ahead, chris. guest: i'm not sure if that was a question or not, but we see differences among the candidates. biden has packaged himself as a centrist which has been as betting -- upsetting to much of the left-leaning faction of the democratic party. his politicalms experience, and in the same sense what mark kelly said about his governing style and plan is very much to work across the aisle and work with both ,emocrats, republicans moderates, conservatives and liberals. thankwe would like to chris for being with us here today and walking as through the important battleground state

>> c-span's washington journal. every day, we take your calls on the air. coming up this morning, we will look at campaign 2020 voting and what to expect on election day. with anl college, american university history professor, and key ballot initiatives. watch c-span's washington journal, live at 7:00 a.m. this morning. join the discussion with your phone calls, facebook comments, text messages and tweets. >> tonight on q&a. look at mail-in ballots and election security. florida may be a state that

10:00 orlled by 11:00 on election day because they will count their early voting quickly. michigan, pennsylvania, other policies thatve limit how fast or early they can counter absentee ballots. expertsnk cybersecurity are less concerned right now about the threats to both counting -- as they have been in years past -- and that is a good thing. that is because of the increase of paper records and increased coordination. there are a lot of reasons to feel good that this election will be better. >> mail-in ballots and election security tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span's q&a. >> joe biden campaigns in flint, michigan, continuing his driving

rallies. he's joined by president obama, who said president obama, who said president trump is more concerned with "feeding his ego than keeping the nation safe." they both urged people to vote and talked about improving the economy. president trump won michigan four years ago and the cook political report says the state leans democrat. the state has 16 electoral votes. ♪