i would say the financial services sector has the best security. it is able to use similar types of encryptions and protections for the u.s. dollar in the digital economy. i'm not sure it's necessarily necessary to move to bitcoin. it is not considered an actual currency. moving to that would be coming with a huge set of questions. host: we would like to thank tatyana bolton from the r street institute for being with us this morning and having this great conversation about ransomware and how the u.s. should respond.

thank you so much for being with us. guest: thanks for having me. host: coming up, ruth igielnik will discuss the recent analysis of the 2020 presidential electorate. later on, we will take more of your calls on critical race theory. we will be right back. >> monday night on the communicators. >> republicans and democrats a been attacking big tech. the have coalesced on we need to use more antitrust enforcement. they have different reasons for doing it. they sort of coalesce. for democrats, it's rooted in

animosity toward big business in general and corporations in general and we need to shrink them in size. for republicans, it's tied to this culture war against technology, where they perceive them as biased against conservatives and the way they moderate content or their corporate culture. it is really tied to their feeling that tech companies are out to get them. >> watch the communicators. monday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span 2. the u.s. senate returns from the fourth of july break, the day the nominee for under secretary of state for civilian security and human rights, former

diplomat has the alliance for peace building. chuck schumer has warned senators it's going to be a busy month with late months and debates on the infrastructure bill. the senate gavel's and monday at 3:00 eastern with a vote to limit debate on the state department nominee. live coverage of the senate is on c-span 2. >> washington journal continues. host: we are back with ruth igielnik, researcher at the pew research center. she is here to talk to us about horror organizations analysis of the 2020 election. good morning. guest: thanks for having me. host: tell us about this survey and its methodology. who did you talk to and who are these people who took part in the survey? guest: we have a survey panel, we serve americans my tree --

monthly on a variety of issues, including the election. we spoke to the same people in 2016, 2018, 2020 about the election. we are asking them and matching their voting record to official state voting records to determine if they voted. we created validated voters. they told us they voted and they have a record for voting. host: you are not just taking it people's word that they voted in 202018, and 2016. you are matching what they said with what they actually did. and understanding that? guest: that's correct. states are required to keep records if someone voted. we can look at those records and

match them with people who participate in the survey to see if they actually voted. host: you voted from the panel. tell us what that is. guest: that's a nationally represented survey panel that we feel -- field monthly. we ask voters about the issues of the day. we have about 11,000 people that participate monthly. we are able to use those same people over time to track them, understand their habits, whether it's voting habits, whatever it is. we are able to analyze that data and look at how people change over time. host: we know that polling has not had the greatest reputation over the last eight years or so. tell us about the integrity of this poll and why we should trust it?

guest: we work very hard on our methodology to make sure our survey panel is representative of all americans. all have equal opportunity to be selected for this panel. we have special methodologies that make sure our panel represents what all americans look like in the additives -- attitudes of all-americans. we can really get a diversity of opinions across the country. there have been challenges in the past. we feel our survey panel is very robust. we not only match people to their voting records and feel we are representing the electorate, we do special statistical methods to make sure the share of voters meets that in the

election. we feel like we are able to adjust for those things and make sure it is represented. our survey work is accurate. host: now that we have the background out of the way, tell us what the survey actually found. what are your major conclusions from your latest analysis? guest: we are able to track the same voters through the 2016, 2018, 2020 elections. that gives us an opportunity to look at how different groups may have changed. one overall thing we saw in the research is donald trump and joe biden performed well in the 2020 election. they both broad and strong bases of support from 2016 voters. we also saw that both joe biden and donald trump brought new voters into the process.

that split unevenly. where we saw biden get the edge and win the election was new voters that were mobilized by the 2018 democratic surge, people who didn't vote in 2016 it, did voted 2018 came out in 2020. they split 2-14 joe biden. it was enough to push him over the edge. with this survey, we were able to look at how demographic groups shifted within that story. this is where we saw things like suburban voters more toward joe biden. he saw a movement among white men in the direction of joe biden. at the same time, we see donald trump make gains with hispanic voters. donald trump gained about 10 points with hispanic voters from

2016 to 2020. host: host: voter turnout over all went up by 7%. why? guest: this was a record turnout election on both sides. we saw a record among democrats and republicans. it's hard to say why. we know a lot of americans utilized different methods of voting than they have in the past. more americans were using mail-in ballots. some of that may have contributed to the turnout. it wasn't just a surge for democrats and republicans. host: donald trump lost the 2020 election. he received 10 million more votes than 2016. what explains this? guest: he made gains among a lot of groups.

he brought in a lot of new voters. we looked at people who didn't vote in 2016 it, didn't vote in 2018, did voted 2020. donald trump got about half of that group. that is a sizable number of voters, even though it was only about 20% of all 2020 voters. that is a lot of americans. he was able to mobilize a lot. host: viewers can take part in this conversation. we will open up our regular lines. democrats, we want to hear from you at (202) 748-8000. republicans, your number is going to be (202) 748-8001. independent voters, your line is (202) 748-8002. you can always text us at (202) 748-8003. we are always reading social media on facebook, twitter, and

you can also follow us on instagram. was the 2020 election unusual in the number of people that showed up? was was there anything unusual about that? guest: it's interesting, because the 2020 election was unusual in the number of people that showed up. there were record numbers of people showing up. what was not unusual were the type of people showing up. we compare voters and nonvoters over several elections to see what kind people are voting or people are devoting. even other was record turnout, and all these new people came in, the characteristics of who voted were very similar from this election in the past election. voters tend to be a little bit

older, a little more educated, and we found that that though there were a lot of new people, there's a difference between voters and nonvoters are made similar. did you see, from anything in your data, where mail-in ballots or different ways of voting had anything to do with turnout and outcome in the election? guest: it is hard to dry direct line, but we did see that a record number of people used mail-in voting. about half of 2020 voters said that they voted by mail or absentee, which is a record number. about four out of 10 said it was the first time. it is new for people. host: we are opening up a special line.

that is for first-time voters in 2020. if you are a first-time voter in 2020, we want to hear from you. your number is going to be (202) 748-8003. democrats (202) 748-8000, republicans (202) 748-8001 independence, (202) 748-8002 and first-time voters (202) 748-8003 . during our survey, you found that former president trump and president biden were able to bring in new voters. who were these voters demographically? guest: in general, new voters tend to be younger. just because in that group, you have people who are not eligible the past. the interesting thing is the split between who trump and who

biden brought in. among voters under 30, the group and heavily for joe biden. those over 30 went for donald trump. you can see an age divide. host: was there a gender gap in 2020? guest: not necessarily among new voters, but there was a gender gap overall. democrats tends to do better with women, republicans tended to do better with men. that is still the case, both democrats doing better with men and they have in the past and republicans making implements women, particular the white women. host: let's let some of our viewers take part in the conversation. we will start with jerry from jacksonville florida on the democratic line. good morning. caller: good morning. the 2020 election, a lot of it

was republicans looking for flawed candidates that they ran in georgia, and i think a lot of republicans were turned off by things such as obama care. they didn't want to provide any real solutions or alternatives. what are the solutions? doesn't seem to be solutions. host: do you want to respond to that? guest: one thing we did see among new voters and voters overall is that many republicans were mobilized by voting for trump. in general, they were more likely to say they were motivated for donald trump.

there is a pro-trump push among republicans. host: one of our social media followers is a question. you find any auto or regular in the 2020 election that never happened before? guest: we can't say never happened before, because it is in quebec that far. by think one of the newest things is how people voted. nearly half of all 2020 voters voted by mail. that's really novel. that changed up the dynamic. host: let's talk to jeff from michigan, who was a first-time voter in 2020. caller: good morning. trump was not the kind of person

i thought would confidently lead the country. i think his problem was the way he was consolidating power. his personality -- i can't see that's are present in our country to the world. it is not where the majority of people want to be, and i think it was honest. he never reached a 50% approval rating. he was not cheated out of it. he never won. i look at what is going on the courts. his lawyers are now getting dragged into court for all of the lies they were telling and his fans won't have anything to do with it. i don't know what it takes to reach these people.

host: go ahead and respond, ruth. guest: it's a good question. we did look at a lot of these first time voters and there's no question that they felt favorably toward donald trump. we ask the question where we allowed people, in their own words, talk about why they liked donald trump. they said there are certain aspects about him i don't like. people still said there were things they did like and they wanted to support him. overwhelmingly on the republican side, people were voting for trump and not against other things. even though it can be challenging to understand, we did see a lot of pro-trump sentiment in the new voters. and trump a voters overall. host: one of our social media followers wants to know whether your survey that with this and

what you think. can they settle once and for all the big lie that voter fraud did not make biden the winner? did you ask any of these voters if they thought the election was legitimate? did that come up? what was the result if it did? guest: we did not ask that question directly, but there were record numbers of people using these new methods for voting, people who were voting early, people who are voting absentee. that wasn't just on the democratic side. we had large numbers of republicans who voted early and by mail and absentee. while there is skepticism, we did see a lot of republicans using those voting methods. host: let's talk to jerry who was calling from somerset, kentucky on the independent line. good morning. caller: good morning. my research shows that republicans have two problems. number one being age.

in the 2016 alexa, over 56% of -- 2016 election, over 56% of the republican voters were over 50 years old. and that the 2016 election, over 56% of the republican voters were over 50 years old. on the other hand the democrats, , 50% of their voters were under 50 years old which means that between 18 and 24. so in the four years, you can imagine how many young people that were 14 years or older had turned 18 and voted democrat. would you comment on that? thank you. guest: that is exactly what our data shows. republican voters tend to be older and democratic voters tend to be younger. we are seeing this shift in voters overall. this is the first election where we saw baby boomers making up

less of the population. the rising shares of those voters of gen z and millennials and they are overwhelmingly supporting democrats. the caller makes a good point. the parties have different coalitions. republicans more favorable toward older voters and democrats are more favorable toward younger voters. as the composition changes and as these younger voters move into the larger shares that will play out. host: there are groups of voters we always pay attention to when it comes time for presidential elections. let's start with one of those groups of voters which are suburban voters. how did they vote this time around? guest: suburban voters supported joe biden. that is a shift overall from 2016.

suburban voters were more split in 2018. that trend remained in 2020. one thing that is interesting is the demographic nature has been changing, but among white suburban voters we did see that shift where they are moving in the direction of democrat. at the same time, donald trump also gave support in 2020 among rural voters. we saw both move, but those suburban voters are a much larger share of the electorate , about half, and that means bigger gains for joe biden. host: let's go back to our phone lines and talk to david who was calling from michigan on the democratic line. go ahead. caller: good morning and thank you for this very interesting discussion.

i consider myself to be a kennedy democrat, though i was not old enough to vote in that election. my question is regarding states and counties and how their election had a difference from what we would expect. and how you would explain that. also, would you sign an affidavit attesting to the research you have done and what about the thousands of affidavits that contest was going on in several counties during this election? and also, do you have a comment when we look at the ingram county, the county discrepancy in michigan which seems to point to actual election fraud at the ballot machine? did you use any of that information for your analysis?

thank you. guest: unfortunately, the research was not designed to look at individual states or counties so it's hard to comment on specifics except to say that some of the counties that we saw in this election were suburban counties. that has more and more become a battleground in the american election. suburban counties overall, voters were moving in the direction of democrats. i can't comment on specific areas or even specific cities, but we know a lot of the movement in the suburbs are those bellwether areas. to your question about supporting our research, we stand by our research and i stand by this research. we try to be incredibly thorough. we work hard to make sure we have all of our bases covered so

we very much stand by this. host: one of our social media followers has a question asking specifically about the new voters. let's see if you have an answer. did you measure the racial and ethnic breakdown of new voters? guest: yes and it was less white and more likely to be black and hispanic because partially, new voters are younger and as the country changes demographically, younger voters and younger americans are more racially and ethnically diverse. particularly among new voters for joe biden. host: let's talk to colleen who is calling from maryland on the republican line. good morning. caller: there was someone that

spoke that asked a question and made a comment that 50% of the republican voters were over 50. however 50% of the democrats were under 50. my thought quickly ran to, well, 50% were over then 50% were under on the republican party , too, and i don't believe that anyone has addressed the fact that donald trump blocked this country out of one of the greatest we ever had and went to foreign countries and spoke up for america. he did for america what should be done all the time. guest: that's a good comment. the republican breakdown was a little closer to 60-40. about 60% of republican voters over 50, and 40% under.

you are right. donald trump had a lot of young voters supporting him. when we looked at new trump voters versus voters who voted previously, that group was much younger. he brought new, young people into the process absolutely. , host: one group we talked about already are suburban voters. let's talk about religious voters. one of the things that you found in your survey was that biden grew his support among religious groups while president trump held his ground. talk about how religion played into this election. guest: donald trump didn't just hold his ground. he made some gains among religious voters that he already had strong support with. like white, evangelical christians. joe biden made some gains among less affiliated religious voters, people who are not affiliated with religion.

they are atheist or agnostic. that's a group that has always been a strong for democrats. joe biden also grew support among catholic voters, potentially because he himself is catholic. donald trump and republicans have had this strong base of support among more religious voters. this year, trump continued to grow his support. host: let's talk to marvin who was calling from fresno, california on the democratic line. good morning. caller: good morning. good morning, ma'am. the analysis of 2020. my opinion. the pandemic incompetence by donald trump. he downplayed, lied about it, mocked masks, held rallies, just contrarian. he went against medical advice.

i think also that the country was collectively exhausted by this man. this man wore us out and i think a lot of republicans, whether they admit it or not, were turned off. especially suburban republicans. black turnout. i think blacks did not show up in 2016. this time, especially in georgia and battleground states, blacks showed up. they stood in line despite the suppression tactics by the republicans. i think people were committed, not necessarily for biden, but wanting to stop him and not wanting to have another four years of the drama. i think people were exhausted by donald trump. guest: that's a really good point. that does show up in our data. i mentioned earlier that republican voters overall were very motivated voting for trump rather than against biden.

about seven in 10 republicans said they were voting for trump rather than against biden. democratic side, democrats said they were voting against trump rather than for biden. in a lot of ways, this was an election that was all about trump on both sides. republicans were voting for trump and democrats were voting against him. host: can you look at your data biden won in 2020 and hillary clinton lost in 2016? is there anything in the data that helps explain that? guest: i think it's a lot of these are small shifts. we saw in our data this was not an overwhelming victory. it was a lot of these small shifts among demographic groups that help joe biden amass the support he needed. we talked about suburban voters that he made gains with. men, particularly white men,

biden made some gains with . he also made some gains with white men without a college degree, which continues to be a strong group for republicans. donald trump won that group in 2020. he won that group by 50 points in 2016. he won it by about 35 points in 2020. it was joe biden chipping away at some of these small demographic groups that ultimately helped him come to victory and that additional surge of new 2018 voters. voters who sat out in 2016, but were mobilized by that democratic surgeon 2018. those that stuck around in 2020, they voted for biden about two to one. host: another group we talk about when it comes to presidential elections are those third-party voters. those third-party voters showed

up again in this election. back in 2016, relatively high number of those voters voted for the libertarian or the green party nominee. what happened in this election with those voters? guest: a high share about 6% of 2016 voters voted for a third party. which is relatively high. that number was much smaller in 2020. it was only 2% in 2020. that group who voted for third-party candidate in 2016 but not 2020, that group voted for joe biden. that is where he got an additional surge of support. among those third-party voters, they decided to turn out for one of the two major candidates of 2020. host: do we know why, there were libertarian and green party candidates on the ballot. do we have any inkling why those voters turned away and voted for

one of the two major parties? guest: unfortunately, we don't know the why. we know that in general were more supportive of biden. we know they didn't move towards trump. host: let's talk to mike who is calling from reston, virginia. calling on the democratic line. caller: good morning. i just have a few comments. i haven't called in a month. i listen to c-span. they were saying that the senate -- they did not. the trump supporters telling us that there were us a plot against trump. that does not make sense. the congress is against trump. that does not make sense. the election system.

gerrymandering, campaign financing, boxes removed. all that stuff, that controls when the secretary of state comes to power, and people think they can overturn the voters. i think talking about it, we give credibility to that conspiracy theory. the court said there was not. no one presented evidence that it was fraud. you can talk as you much. you have to present evidence and they did not and they lost the election. i think they are headed into a very dangerous area. people who support him, i'm sorry to say, are mostly outrageous.

confederate states and dictators, that's who supports trump. guest: unfortunately, we don't have data that speaks to what you are talking about. i think one thing that's interesting is you talked about the methods of voting. we did see republicans and democrats using these new methods. i think a lot of things about the way we are conducting elections is changing. i think, to your point about what this might mean for future elections, one thing that was really interesting about this election was that new voters are brought into the process by both sides. it is going to be interesting to look at the congressional and senate election in 2020, two. they were mobilized either to weigh 20 election for a variety of reasons.

do they stick around and participate in the process in 2022? host: one of the things we can't forget about what when we talk about the election is that in happens in the middle of the pandemic. one of our social media followers has a question about that to see if that was addressed anywhere in your analysis. with the pandemic going strong, did it surprise you that we had millions of newer voters in this election? how did these newer voters vote? in person, or malin? -- or mail in? guest: we had a lot of newer voters and they generally split with some voting in person and some voting by mail in ballot. recite partisan split, with -- we saw ape since split -- a pa rtisan split with more democrats voting early or by mail. that includes new democrats. republicans voting in person on

election day or in person early and that includes new republicans. that is one of the new influences that came with conducting an election during a pandemic. we saw people on both sides using the new methods. host: where there any other pandemic related issues that showed up? guest: we did not focus on lot -- a lot on the pandemic in this analysis. we wanted to make sure to capture the way that it might have influenced the election and that was the main one. host: let's talk to peter who is calling from new york on the republican line. good morning. caller: ruth, i have to agree with just about everything you have said so far. i think your statistics and what you are saying is right on, spot on. but you have not discussed, it was really four key battleground states that determined who won the election. also, the fact that a lot of mail-in ballots, there's no way you can determine whether there

was corruption or not because it's impossible to detect that the way that they reduced the standards. but the main influence i believe was the mainstream media. president trump had over 90% of the stories done about him were negative. also, social media and the like suppressed the hunter biden story that they said it was fake news and that it was russian propaganda. also, the 50 intelligence people who signed a letter saying it was russian propaganda and that turned out to be false. also, the russian collusion accusation that went on for four years turned out to be false. i personally believe a lot of that had to do with the reason why president trump lost the

election and joe biden won. thank you for taking my call. guest: thank you and thank you for the support. as you said, this did have to do with key battleground states. one of the things we have seen about battleground states in general is that they are really changing demographically, particularly racially and ethnically. one of the positive trends we saw for donald trump was his growth of support among hispanic voters. it was particularly among hispanic voters without college education. he did better with hispanic voters without college education than hispanic voters with college education. it is mirroring a pattern we have seen among white voters over the last several elections. to the extent that we are seeing demographic change in battleground states, some of

that is playing out in the electorate overall. we are seeing those shifts. host: do we know what issues drove the election? was the election really all about president trump? guest: that's really what showed up in our data is that the election was primarily about donald trump for both sides. that the majority of democrats said they were voting against donald trump and the majority of republicans said they were voting for donald trump. this was a referendum on donald trump. whereas when you look back to the 2016 election, we saw that both candidates were viewed negatively and in some ways it was a referendum on both sides. in 2020, it really was all about donald trump. host: let's talk to robert who was calling from mesa, arizona on the republican line. good morning. caller: i just wanted to say that the eisenhower republican

in my 60's. we organized in maricopa county, the one that's going through this cyber ninja audit even though we have gone through two audits and a court cases and they produced no evidence of any kind of fraud. we used absentee ballots. we have been doing that since 2002. more than 17% of our population uses those ballots and always has. we organized in this state against the tea party libertarians and the qanon freaks. we were part of the lincoln project and let's vote and we deliberately make sure that we turned out as many people. a lot of people changed over to independent in 2018 because they could not handle what was going on within our party.

we had several candidates, and i'm hoping, i'm praying that our investigations get to these people because they were tied very heavily with the qanon and the insurrection. i don't care what anyone says. the military personnel that participated need to be charged with article 94 of the uc nj. host: go ahead and respond. guest: i think you make a really good point about independents. that was a group that joe biden won in this election. that was a group that was crucial to his victory. republicans, as we have seen, tended to vote only for republican candidates, more than 90%. democrats voted more than 90% for the democratic candidates. in this election, critical group for joe biden were people who don't lean toward either party or support either party in that

-- and that vote went to joe biden. host: let's talk to jeff who is calling from florida on the independent line. caller: thank you for taking my call. it seems to me, if i understand things correctly, that a person needs to register to vote before they can vote. that is where we can put this big lie to rest from ever happening again. you need to register people with a fingerprint. that fingerprint, if they are doing a mail-in ballot, comes with a little ink pad. you stick your thumbprint on it. when it goes in, it registers that you have made your vote. if there is any doubt as to if it was you or someone else that can pull the physical copy, see

if it matches your name and if there's any question at all they know who you are and they can come and ask you "did you vote?" now, this is a simple thing. it will require a lot of work, but it would put the big lie to rest and no one can ever do this thing again. host: go ahead and respond. guest: that's really interesting. unfortunately, our research does not speak to that. i think the question does speak to one of the strengths of our research and that is that we try to verify these voters. these are people who told us they voted and then we went to their records and verified it. we are confident that we actually have voters. you have the information they gave us and we were able to match that directly to state records to be able to see that these were actual voters. we feel that this is the real strength of our research, that we are able to identify these are the correct voters. host: we would like to thank ruth igielnik for being with us this morning, and talking to us

about the analysis of the 2020 presidential electorate. thank you so much for your time. guest: thank you for having me. host: coming up next, we are opening our phone lines again. we are going to be talking again about your view of critical race theory. you see the numbers right there on screen. we are waiting for your calls. we will be right back. ♪ >> tonight on afterwards, how words work and how they can work better in a chaotic world. best-selling author and former president discussed the abduction of a former u.s.

president's daughter by terrorists. under full schedule -- ♪ >> the secret service was founded in the aftermath of the assassination of abraham lincoln. it wasn't until the death of john f. kennedy that the presidential protection service began to get closer attention from the american people. in the prologue of her new book, she writes that she started her coverage on hooker gate. the skin on which agents brought prostitutes to their hotel rooms while making arrangements for president obama. we talk with her about her in-depth look in her new book subtitled "the rise and fall of the secret service." >> listen at c-span.org/p

odcasts. ♪ >> washington journal continues. host: we are back and we are going to return to our question from the top of the show which is your view on critical race theory. we are going to open up special lines. that means if you support the teaching of critical race

theory, your number is going to be 202-748-8000. if you oppose the teaching of critical race theory, your number is 202-748-8001. we are going to open a special line for educators and teachers. we especially want to hear from you as we start getting ready for the new school season. educators and teachers, your numbers going to be 202-748-8002. keep in mind you can always text us at 202-748-8003. we are always reading on social media on twitter and facebook. we are going to start by defining what critical race theory is. it is a conceptual framework that considers the impact of historical laws and social structures on the present day perpetration of racial inequality. that is actually what critical race theory is so we want to know what your view is of that

and whether you think it should be taught or not. president biden was asked about critical race theory on friday and i'm going to bring you a little bit of what white house press secretary said. president joe biden believes our children should learn about our history including the dark moments. when pressed about the president's stance on teaching critical race theory, jen psaki calling for culturally responsive education, critical race theory and ethnic studies curriculum to be taught from pre-k-12 grade in schools across the country. the president believes that in our history, there are so many

dark moments and that there is not just slavery and racism in our history. there is a systemic racism that is still impacting today. as he believes, as i believe as a parent of children that kids should learn about our history. she added so as the spouse of an educator and as somebody who continues to believe that children should learn not just the good but the challenges of our history. that is what we are talking about. even as this becomes politically charged. that comes from white house press secretary jen psaki. we want to know what your view is of critical race theory. let's start from georgia. host: are you there? caller: good morning. how are you? i want to say how appreciative i am of a c-span.

the stories, the history, the wonderful programming that we have. i wanted to say that i oppose the critical race theory context even being put into the mainstream because we are not bridging any critical race theory within our k-12 system. we have critical race theory being taught at graduate and law school as you said. the concept of the impotence to create the intersectionality of theory and young people k-12. they are not even in the frame of the syllabi to even be able to understand. we give them a practical learning at k-12.

it seems to me to be another one of this polarization in the society that is being funded and promoted at the political debate. same with the voting rights laws. they are passing laws with impotence of giving a legitimate political conversation to an unconstitutional law, the civil-rights act for the supreme court and its impotence upholding the illegitimacy of a construct of an idea that we know has no valid reality. yes, we are having this debate. we can have these discussions. in true fact, we just seeing where as a country we came together in a coalition. the pew report, that report was very clear that the country is

in fact in the purview of understanding that we are not going to be united with this kind of polarized conversation. the people already voted in a coalition in this country. arizona changed. we lost some senate seats. we lost the north carolina seat. but when you look at those things, north carolina, white state -- when you have a coalition that brings together the diversity, the critical race diversity to give context of a discussion. when you have critical race theory's that come together, we are not one race country. we are united country of many races, many ideologies. we came together in 2020 and we will come together in 2022. host: let's go to keep from --

keith from denver, colorado. caller: i would like to put this in context. the real question should be have african-americans experienced oppression throughout u.s. history? that is a simple yes or no. most callers do not know what critical race theory is. it is generated by right wing media. we know this is a fact. they did this also with sharia law. that was the panic over the last few years. that did not work out for them, and it just went away. crt will go away. it has been taught for 40 years. please allow me to connect the

dots. in 2012, i believe, there was a great textbook battle. between texas and california. texas put in its platform that they opposed critical thinking skills. i will read it to you. this is a fact check from the washington post. the republican party of texas wrote in the 2012 platform that is part of the section on education. we oppose the teaching of higher order thinking. critical thinking skills and similar programs that simply relabeling outcome-based education which focuses on behavior modification and has the purpose of challenging students fixed beliefs but undermining parental authority.

it's not only crt. they opposed critical thinking. keep in mind. the base of the gop. the only demographic of females that trump won. white women with no college education. also the increase in the hispanic vote. high school educated people who don't know basic american history, let alone crt. host: let's go to edward who was calling from new jersey. edward, good morning. caller: yeah. i support teaching critical race theory. it boggles my mind that i wonder why teaching jewish victimization critical race theory is a thing. we teach that they have been during history. i think if we can teach that, we can teach the victimization of minorities in america.

thank you. host: let's talk to jay who was calling from washington, d.c. good morning. caller: thanks, c-span, for this wonderful, national public square. hello? host: we can hear you. go ahead. caller: sorry about that. i think they ought to, this is just sheer propaganda. take the term "critical race theory" and strike it from any curriculum and replace it with history of american slavery. which should be taught in all schools. all i got was a little snippet of frederick douglass, which was pretty helpful for me because it caused me to read more about him later on. but this is sheer political propaganda. republicans cannot run on the actual economics, jobs, and even

immigration reform. no solutions. they have no solutions because they don't want them. they use stuff like this, defund the police. name me one national democrat, nancy pelosi, biden, chuck schumer, who promotes any of these wild propaganda theories. thank you so much. host: several states have passed laws that would include what banning what they consider to be reticle race theory. -- critical race theory. here is a story from education week that they consider to be critical race theory. idaho, ohio bans teachers from introducing certain concepts. one of them, that one race or sex is inherently superior, that any individual is consciously or unconsciously racist or sexist

because of their race or sex and that anyone should feel discomfort or guilt because of their race or sex. governors in idaho and oklahoma recently signed these bills into law. the bills in iowa and tennessee are awaiting governor signatures. a similar law also passed in arkansas although it only applies to state agencies and not public schools. some of those laws have been signed, but this talks about what these bills that are passing say legislatures are actually banning teachers from talking about in education. let's go back to our phone lines and let's talk to the caller from illinois. good morning. caller: you know. this is a mess in our country, and if we don't get this together we are not going to

move forward. things happened in our country just like things happened in your life. you do not cancel out things that happened in your life in the past. so why do america, especially white america, want to erase history? you cannot erase history. just like you cap -- can't erase what happened to you in your past life. i think critical race theory is important because we have to teach our kids the truth. if you go after critical race theory, the next thing you going to do it that's the next thing you are going to do is go after the bible. this is really ridiculous. get over it, white people. it happened. slavery in all of these other things happen in our country. you are not going to change it. were not going to erase it. get over it. let's start teaching what is true in this country. if you say that you are christians, face the truth. whether it's good or bad, you are going to have to teach it.

have a nice day. host: i will remind all of you that we will continue this discussion about critical race theory with a roundtable on tomorrow morning washington journal. if you tune in at 8:00, you will get to hear and talk about this issue of critical race theory again with chanelle wilson who is the assistant professor of education at bryn mawr college and ian rose who was the domestic policies domestic fellow. we will be talking about critical race theory at tomorrow morning at 8:00 a.m. eastern here on washington journal. let's talk to john who was calling from vernon, new jersey. john is an educator. good morning. caller: good morning. good show. i would like to talk a little bit about the critical race theory. if it's going to be taught, that's fine. i think it has to be taught from all sides.

i think if you look at the riot in tulsa in the early 20's, i think people need to understand that most of that neighborhood were descendents of slaves that actually were slaves of american indians that were bought out by the trailer terrace. if you're going to talk about that riot, talk about the fact where they came from and who they were slaves of. let's teach the entire thing. don't just teach one side. let's teach all of it. host: let's go to roger who was calling from pineville, north carolina. good morning. caller: good morning. here is the way i see it. i have been thinking about this. i'm in my mid-60's and i have seen quite a bit of changes over the years. quite frankly, my opinion is this has absolutely nothing to

do with race. it has everything to do with culture. that's what people are really looking at. thanks a lot. host: i want to remind all of you watching that later on today, former president trump will give remarks at the conservative political action conference at dallas, texas. we are going to have that live on c-span at 4:45 p.m. eastern. you can watch it here on c-span, online at c-span.org, or you can listen in on the free c-span radio app. let's see what some of our social media followers are saying about critical race theory. here is one tweet that says "what is emphasized in history class has always been subjective. for instance, the mexican-american war. when i was growing up, the text was never taught that nearly half of all mexican territory was ceded to the u.s. after the war.

i am all for teaching history that opens one's eyes. " here is another one that says, "i am a teacher. for the history we teach lacks nuance. when you consider how many history teachers are there to be coaches, you know the context isn't there." here's a tweet. it refers to a caller we had in the first segment. "the caller of the talked about world war ii is spot on. why is it that we can get the world history of the holocaust, the people are scared to talk about the american apartheid that existed and to some extent still exists in our country." let's get back to our phone lines and let's talk to jack who is calling from florida. caller: i definitely think we should talk about race and its impact on our history.

whether that is critical race theory, that is a whole different thing. i think that as a theory should be discussed along with other theories. i definitely think we need to discuss history in the context of slavery and its impact on our economy, the severe jim crow laws that were passed after the civil war. yes, i definitely think it should be discussed. host: one of the places where critical race theory is be discussed right now is in the texas legislature. and as we talked about earlier, a lot of the textbooks that are adopted by american schools are adopted because of what happens in places like texas and california. texas is discussing right now about what should be done with critical race theory in the texas legislature.

i will bring you a story that talks about the laws that are being debated in texas right now. texas lawmakers have filed at least three bills about how racism are taught in k-12 schools. including a senate bill that will strip out requirements that students learn that white supremacy is morally wrong and study particular writings by women and people of color. the legislate of session began thursday. the legislation comes after governor greg abbott signed into law a bill from this year's regular legislative session that restricts how current events and america's history of racism can be taught in texas schools. it has become commonly referred to as the critical race theory bill, although the term critical race theory never appears in it.

it says more must be done to abolish critical race theory in texas and later put the issue on the special session agenda. that's what's going on in texas right now when it comes to critical race theory. and this is a topic that is going on around the nation when it comes to legislatures or people are talking about critical race theory everywhere. we want to know what you think about critical race theory. once again if you support it, , your number is going to be 202-748-8000. if you are against it, your number is going to be 202-748-8001. we really want to hear from our educators and teachers. if you are an educator or teacher and you want to talk about this, we want to hear from you at 202-748-8002. let's talk to lewis was coming from saulsberry, north carolina. caller: good morning. as you can see, i am a black man.

i do know that there is a lot of things that white people just don't want to talk about. slavery is one of them. how the horror and separation of families, hanging people, doing all kinds of atrocities to people of color. i don't know why they want to put their head in the sand and be ashamed of the fact, and that's understandable. but what they have to do is this. they have understand that what happened in the past, we can not longer go and think it will not happen in the future if we forget the past. i tell them go ahead and pull up their bootstraps, get ready because what they're trying to do will not succeed. it will be taught even if, what are they gonna do? they're going to ban all books concerning history? this sounds like a communist country when you start banning

books on what you need to teach. that is not america. they want to go to russia or china. host: let's talk to raymond who is calling from orangeburg, south carolina. raymond, good morning. caller: yes, why do we call it critical race theory? a theory is not a fact. i'm well over 70. host: are you still there? caller: i don't know why we call it critical race theory. it's not a fact. teach facts to our kids. i taught american history. i didn't appreciate the part. yes i'm speaking. because what they are talking about is a theory.

host: let's talk to ron who was calling from san diego, california. ron, good morning. caller: good morning. how are you? this is my first time calling c-span. i am very excited. i teach elementary school. there is no critical race theory being taught in elementary school or high school. it's a college course. and aside from that, there is a definite lack of people of color and women in the curriculum. when we talk about history, we have no discussion at the elementary school perspective unless teachers introduce them themselves, which i do. the perspective of people of color or people who were being oppressed. there is no perspective similar to how howard zinn talks about

the history of the united states and so as an elementary school teacher, i bring a different perspective. how do these people feel? what does that look like when you talk about the trail of tears? i think that's an important caller: our education system is lacking. what i bring is another perspective besides those are the conquerors and the white history of the united states. sec. cordova: let's talk to robert -- >> i think we lost robert. let's look at what's going on in arizona. a bill just was signed talking about critical race theory. it lets look at what's happening there. arizona governor signed a bill preventing local government -- governments from teaching local

-- critical race theory. for him it's the state and any local government from inquiring -- forbids state and any local government from inquiring -- from requiring their employees to engage in orientation, training or therapy that suggests an employee is inherently racist, sexist or oppressive whether consciously or unconsciously. the measure comes as critical race theory becomes the latest flashpoint in the culture wars. the theory which is decades old examines the impact of racism on history and maintains that racism is systemic. republicans have used the term critical race theory as a catchall for teaching racism with some panning the bill as

discriminatory. let's go back and talk to darrell who is going to jackson tennessee. garo -- darrell, good morning. caller: good morning. the problem is critical race theory is a law school concept. talk about how politics, how the laws affect the political nature of this country. what we are talking about his high school. this is much too complex. w -- what we are doing is trying to deny the racist history of america. the fact that slaves were not happy, that reconstruction was worse for black people than slavery was. that jim crow and lynchings that happened to black people were community events organized in public. nobody was arrested, we have these let's get tough on crime people. we have the government-sponsored segregation. we have the brown versus board

of education. we are just trying to deny everything and what we have to understand -- and what we have to do is have a honest conversation and find out what happened and what we can do about it. host: we would like to thank all of our viewers, guests, colors for another great washington journal. coming up, former president trump will speak at the conservative political action conference at 9:45 a.m. continue to wash your hands and we will see you again on washington journal. ♪ >> c-span is your unfiltered

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