sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span q&a. you can listen to q&a and all of our podcasts on our free c-span now app. >> former vice president al gore talked with leaders of a space industry about the future of space expiration. it was part of the world economic forum. hello welcome to this very special agenda session affects life on this planet. deputy managing editor at the "new york times". the global space economy will reach $1.4 trillion by 2030 and over half of the impact from climate change are only

visible from space. the global list report in 2022 warns crowding and competition and that risk from the morse acceptable space for it seems now more than ever establishing common rules between government, business and civil society on the use of space is an urgent challenge. to discuss these trends i have a very, very special array of panelists. and a half hour we will for the very first time at the world economic forum, connect to live to europeans space agency astronaut who is currently orbiting the earth aboard the international space station. we're also joined now by unique panel of experts and industry leaders. first is al gore the former vice president of the united states who is been at the forefront of being climate change to public attention for decades and mr. gore was also the forefront of establishing the international space station which we will hear about in a few minutes. director general of the

european space agency, which is sponsored the astronaut who will talking to a few minutes. the minister of safer advanced technology for the united arab emirates and chair of the uae space industry which last or launch a spacecraft to marge. she also has a team comprised 80% women in the uae. and chris cap founder chairman and chief executive officer of astro which is one of the many space stars that's out there now and absolute investment frenzy that is happening on the space fund. vice president gore i would love to start with you. you recently launch something called climate trade which uses ai and space to actually bring accountability to climate change. could you please explain how that actually works? >> yes, thank you for having me rebecca. it is such an honor to join this distinguished panel. climate trace and trace stands for tracking real-time carbon

emissions. it is one of the new possibilities opened up by artificial intelligence and machined learning. we take the data it's a nonprofit coalition international that relies on artificial intelligence to process data from 300 different existing satellites coupling with more than 11100 ground, sea, air base sensors at multiple internet data streams to create unique algorithms that can give us a highly accurate and precise quantification of every significant emitter of greenhouse gas pollution. we released our first national inventory last fall in advance. later this calendar year will have an asset level inventory. you will see for example at

least the 500 largest submitters in every single sector of the economy, oil, gas, transportation ship, every refinery every factor et cetera. and the purpose is to get real-time or near real-time measurement of where all this and greenhouse gas pollution is coming from. there is more than 100 countries that do not have any inventory at present. the inventory of the large countries are in most cases five years out of date. but now, with artificial intelligence some things you can see directly from space methane for example there's a number of new satellites that will pinpoint methane. the noise to single ratios the difficulty of measuring co2 emissions against co2 background on the earth makes it necessary to use artificial intelligence to get the precision that we need.

you have heard the old cliché you can only manage what you measure. we have not had until now, the measurements necessary to really manage the greenhouse gases. we are not the climate cops. we are kind of neighborhood watch except our neighborhood is the entire world. and we are hoping this precision will be of value. i know it will be of value to investors who are trying to green their supply chain and reach net zero and so many companies are now spent one of the world leaders in this movement. but also a government that in many cases do not have accurate information about where their admissions are coming from. and the industry itself, many of the companies that would like to make a commitment to net zero do not presently feel comfortable with their ability to measure their own admissions. we do it for them.

and every company will be accurately measured in near real-time and governments will be able to identify precisely the best strategies for quickly reducing greenhouse emissions. we've got to reduce than 50% by 2030 as a way station towards net zero by 2050. >> until now if only had self reporting. and in a sense as bringing radical transparency to admissions. when is that report going to be out? >> is going to be out at the end of the third quarter of this year. and yes, all of the emissions data at present derives from one single source and that is the self-reports by some countries the so-called annex one countries that develop countries to the united nations. they are out of date, they are an accurate, we've already reported oil and gas operation admissions or at least double what they have reported, admissions or some countries are three times what has been

reported for their many other really fascinating findings that have emerged already. in more than 100 countries have no reporting at all. they will soon have an obligation because of the ipcc and the united nations process to join this reporting period we will be able to do it for many of these countries who do not have the capacity to do it on their own. but what is so unique about the space resource is we can see, measure, identify things from space that are extremely difficult to measure at ground level. >> joseph could you please tell me how does the european space agency plan to use this effort in terms of space and monitoring climate change? >> thank you rebecca. also thank you for having me,

what he is saying is absolutely right. we have an enormous need for information. we need independent information. we need information from satellites and your offer in new york of a very, very bad agreement. the green parties are winning roads and finding the new politics in europe. we have europe in almost all of the countries very clear goal of reaching carbon neutrality by mid century. we do from space is, or taking from satellite we do exactly what the vice president al gore would say we monitor, we measure the barometer, this is of course the atmosphere and many other elements of greenhouse gases. but one has to never forget the which as of course the

atmosphere you do not have on the ocean. it's a whole common cycle. you need to measure but also what happens on the ground. the people stationed in agriculture as mentioned by vice president before, anything enormous amounts of methane we have processed some call it a ticking time bomb. there's a lot happening there. we have some of the birds leaving programs which are bounding and they really bring all of this data to the people. think it is fair to say that without satellites we would not about climate change it at least to the extent as we know it today. they feed the models. they feed the information we have it. and the creator with information. were always crating fake news because they're fake. facts are giving the state as it is. we are very active in this.

we have a large program in europe and i'm very happy to work very closely with many partners on the aspects of climate with the united states in particular but with many other countries in the world. >> excellent. sarah and love to go with you. along with the surgeon private investments, national players like the uae are also becoming very ambitious about space. could you track about what you see? how this plays out? is a uae effort? how should we think about global cooperation as well? >> short rebecca. overall the focusing new countries entering into space cannot do it without leveraging on know-how and experiences around the world. the purposes are twofold. one, it reduces risk significantly and started something from from scratch. the other end is collaboration and cooperation as part of new

states and enabling new spaces our understanding individualization is a test technological resource and data resources becomes more and more vital across this empty sector. we heard from vice president al gore, from doses as well the impact and implications we have in the better understanding we have due to having in space. currently we will look at having better connectivity around the world, neutralizing those at a lower cost than current spacecraft that are currently in orbit and providing communication. as we move forward space exploration becomes important. it is a scarcity. scarcity become suit technology you are able to create high-impact science that we can realize the potential of it today. but more importantly feeds into our development and understanding for decades to come just from the initial investment.

when we are talking now also mention the dialogue needs to continue with regard to the sustainability of access to space ensuring nations around the world have the necessary access for space. secondly to ensure we are not cluttering space and creating another issue in space as we have today monitoring sustainability here on church. not to meet local dialogue mixer were doing it. and thirdly, something that is mentioned across the board, ask for the data. asked for an analysis that comes out of it. if we keep space in the top form of those they get access to data other countries that own a satellite in space, we deprive a large portion of the world to the abilities of the necessary knowledge -- the necessary evidence to action across the board to get better appeals. you get a better understanding on how we sustain his

production with the new numbers are. this is something that's happening across the board. and what we are focusing on the emirates enabling earth observation from a stream perspective enabling and peace to analyze data from the lights that are available around the world. and be able to create the necessarily on other sectors overall that's how we need to continue our dialogue internationally on were policymaking how the trust forms into its tools for advancement across the different sectors. >> excellent. and chris, i would love to go to you. investment in space itself is soaring it reach $7 trillion last year doubling in just two years. what is behind this? for hearing about bill leaders going to space and space tourism. is there an inherent danger? is this almost too much of a frenzy right now?

>> i think space is essential, as you have heard from al to monitor the earth, to understand the combination of all of these companies deploying various new sensors in space, combined with ai will help us understand the impacts we are having. and also influence our climate. partner in san francisco has now watch over 200 satellites their entire purpose is to keep track of the environment monitor the planet track admissions right projects like the carbon mapping project. the launching, three satellites for nasa this summer out of cape canaveral as part of the tropics program

to help us better understand tropical storms. all these companies are doing different things. and the value of the overall space economy is predicted to grow to over a trillion dollars in just the next few years. we have seen this year alone, this past year over a dozen companies either become public companies with the first space tech company to go public on nasdaq. we would dozen companies go public like on the new york stock exchange never seen this level of investment and opportunity for the diversity of satellites and sensors to supply us with new tools to help us manage and understand our climate. >> so, if i were a climate change activists and listening to all of this surge of interest and for very good reason in terms of accountability and measurement, is there some concern, i guess this is a question for chris started with all of you is there a

risk all of this risk and interest in space detracts from all the work you see them as oppositional or can they be mutually beneficial? >> us to the majority of investment in space and earth. if you look at like spacex the capitol invested in these companies are largely being invested to create a more connected planet in a healthier planet. a planet we can better and more efficiently consume our resources and operate as a species. if you look at all of these satellites we have launched their largely satellites help us connect underserved population help us provide new tools to manage the resources here on earth. >> is there a risk, i know the regulators with elon musk and e recorded recently being

concerned about keeping pace with some of the scale of the private investment. you are up in other parts of the world could be left behind there could be overcrowding in terms of satellites, how concerned are you about that? >> concerned on one side but let me start in the good part being really do see just before creates a new race in space. we had the race in the 60s and 70s during the time of the cold war. now it's a different race. countries between say the u.s. and china as to extremes but also the public in the private sector i think it's a very good example of what he's done, what he is doing very successfully from the commercial side. this is something happening very strongly. we should never forget the two richest people in the world are investing massively in space.

is something that creates an environment, new opportunities with a lot of technology advancements which we all need. on the other side yes of course because we do launch so many more would spend every single day, every single minute on the satellites for navigation, telecommunication, so many domains were we depend on them. but of course if there more satellites it needs to be regulated interventions always clean and sustainable in the same way we look at the sustainability of our planet yes there is a need for regulation. yes there is a need to make sure satellites are travis on his saddle sunlight some twelves once they operating is not an issue. the issue is when they become, they get out of end-of-life. and therefore a danger to others satellites in orbit.

today we have a huge amount we have something in the order of 30,000 pieces which are the size of a tennis ball or larger. we are constantly avoiding and flying what we call maneuvers to avoid collisions will speak in a couple of minutes. after they came into the space station a couple of days after words they said they had to take shelter because of debris which was coming to us at the space station. yes on one side it's a good activity and of course a very fascinated about this. he ought to build up a strong capability on the other side, yes we have to regulate them that it's used in a safeway brickwork sarah, having you look at this tension between governments and private industry and investments?

you officer working for the government. how are you hoping to tap this interest in terms of investment dollars as well? >> on terms of the investment themselves assigned by keeping tabs on investment. having a better understanding how does it impact the critical infrastructure we have in space. unbeknownst to everyone on a daily basis you're using a form of stoplight technology to get on with your daily life. that is something that needs to beat management international perspective without inhibiting investments in space, without inhibiting development in space. now the realm of investment allows for nations to bring in comments embraced by governments around the world's diversity and technological development but is giving access to different sensors at a lower cost that would

typically expect because there's healthy competition when it comes to design about development. but eventually evolves and having a form of relationship between government and the private sector. the rules are evolving. the role the government is to alleviate risks and development space is very risky and will continue to remain that way. alleviate risks and makes more attractive. at the same time developing capabilities and capacity in aeration to continuously evolving. what also goes into basic science exploration gives us a better understanding of our world. these two factors in together, i don't think we have a global answer on how to continue the healthy investment we have seen from space but advancing technology at a much faster rate than we've ever seen it before.

the space remains open and unchallenging to operate in. >> vice present you at the forefront of curing the international space station, which has led to a continuing effort on the behalf of many nations to cooperate when it comes to space. could you talk about those early days? and looking back on it how it resonates today political world. >> in the tension between the nine states and russia because the dangers moves in ukraine. it's useful to think back the former premier of the russian federation handled that

relationship on behalf of our respective presidents for quite a long time. one of our first ventures was to establish the international space station. and it has been a resounding success. we invited our european partners to join other nations have participated and it is an ongoing international cooperative effort. it makes possible loan with the use of the space resort i want to emphasize rebecca the space resource with artificial intelligence. one of our partners at climate trace for example can use artificial intelligence to examine 45 years of lands set data every field and every farm on every planet chris mentioned gives us a complete

picture after realize cloud cover not only a visual photograph multiple wavelengths that we can measure also a variety of other opportunities to cut down on chemical use this many other examples we do have a problem with debris in space needs to be international condemnation of any satellite come from recklessness and around. the resource is amazing.

also years ago, declassified what we called the gps system. we take that for granted today. it is incredibly valuable for all of us to be able to locate things on the earth surface, which was impossible until we began to develop space science. >> chris can you talk about your company who train your more launch is just space there would be getting in the future if all goes well. >> the first in the hundreds of organizations include the nationstates, space agencies, to have the idea you could take a device the size of a

loaf of bread and fly it fairly close to earth take very high-resolution pictures, provide connectivity, but other kinds of sensors to help us understand the co2 in the atmosphere. there has been a revolution in space. not just an evolution works satellites like the discover satellite al mentioned earlier would cost over $100 million. over a billion dollars to launch. at cape canaveral have our first flight here in the next week or so. this purchase by a factor of ten, the least expensive flight out of cape canaveral and history. and so the access to space has enabled a whole new generation of entrepreneurs to build companies, to take these companies public to provide new capabilities. and so this innovation is something akin to the internet that 20 or 30 years ago.

the internet is another one of these things there is a time where you had to be a university or government to be on the internet. and now you see tech companies spin up resources on a credit card, innovate and change the world. and i think were seeing this kind of thing happen again. we did it before we did it with the internet with names and addresses behind the internet sarcastic questions what could be applied to how we work this successfully in other domains to space. these folks are coming together and we will be presenting some these ideas at the meeting in april. but i think we are just getting started here but these are all solvable problems.

we have a lot of incentive to figure this stuff out. >> space matures and it run the risk of sending mostly very wealthy people into space of kind of besmirching or taking away from some of the brighter ideals and goals you are speaking of? >> i think it's important to recognize that most of the thought in tourism but stays space attack and providing the tools that we need to help manage our planet, connect our planet for the tours and businesses all if you companies that are investing in this. it is a small sliver of the overall value of the space economy and the overall investment in the space economy. >> sarah loved asked the same question of you. you won a lot of accolades over the fifth country to do so. but are you focusing on?

the continue as a nation one but were focusing on. some of the outcomes. our next mission is venus that's a view for launch in 2020h. is going to look at the history of evolution of parts of the asteroid belt we talk about while removing their's investments in the private sector in the uae and develops people the private sector but the reason for that as it provides us with capabilities and drive becomes the basis of the uae economy in the coming

decade. in the beauty of the space is that it instigates and instills in society a deep understanding because it's aspirational in nature a deep understanding on the benefits for society at large and also for the economy. and through that you are able to tap into the development and adoption of technology across existing industry, and churning sustainability across existing industry are able to catapult that forward. we would not have been able to do this even five years ago more so with the monumental shift in mindset. especially with regards to the appetite for risk and this is what societally having a space program does. it increases your appetite for risk the bigger the program, the success are lower and lower. therefore your appetite for getting into endeavors that

are risky or become higher. >> i must say i was fascinated to read over 80% of the scientists in your program are women and space becoming an area where women are focusing more. >> yes. we started 14 or 15 years ago with her development part of our space program. that meant that early on we were very young team. the first start on the mars mission the average age was 27 out of the team. with that was a true reflection of the outcome of the higher education were in the sciences, at that time 30% of graduates were women, right now we are about 44%. 34% of the overall mars mission was not really surprising at that natural reflection of where we were as a space program. it was really interesting to

understand that was not the norm as we went into the program and became more and more connected with the global science community. and for meet the agenda of a woman is very important from a global perspective and diversity is very important for the global perspective and that is how you ensure you have innovation across the board and developments happening without bias across the board. >> and vice president, very quickly before we go to joseph who is going to shepherd us for the link to the international space station where you see this heading two -- five years if all goes well? brexit well, i think we are going to see tremendous expansion in the use of the space resource in addition to it chris wasn't talking about in these light payloads. elon musk has revolutionized the ability to launch a heavier pay roads with the reusability of the first stage. that is really a dramatic

advancement. along with all these other developments you are going to see a great expansion. let me say rebecca, briefly just to put this in perspective the orbit of the space station above 250 miles if you're going to drive a car straight up in the air at audubon speeds of taking most of the day to get there. but if you were going to drive to the top of the sky it would take about five minutes. and below you would be all the greenhouse gas pollution. it is a very thin shell surrounding our planet. recurrently filling it up with one or 62 million-ton man made global warming every single day. we are using that thin shell as an open sewer. that's what's causing the crazy and dangerous weather extremes and threatening the future of human civilization. we have to stop it. the resource will give us the ability to measure where it's coming from and to give us the tools to manage the reduction in the pollution and save the

future. >> with that we are going to thank you to the panelists and please hang on because after the interview with our astronaut we will come back to you for your observations. i would now like to turn to joseph who's helping to organize the live stream with your astronaut in the u.s. video feed from houston. it should be shown on the screen now as the connection is being made. joseph could you please explain what is going on here? >> so what is going on? [inaudible] vice president gore. >> space agency this is mission control. it's somewhere over the pacific it somewhere halfway towards america at which is the next landmass site it will hit. and just some sound i think we are connected to houston.

>> and joseph, was the directorate general i can hear you loud and clear. astronaut on the space station, are you with me? >> is very good very nice to hear you and see you. it is always you are in good shape give a great t-shirt the color of our discussion at the battle we appreciate that. so how are we doing, where are you and what have you been doing? >> i am doing fine, i am doing well. this morning i was involved in a cargo operation i think cargo is the wrong term because it's full of scientific experiments we worked hard in the last weeks and months. and now we bring the harvest back to her planet earth for the scientist to analyze

appear in space and to produce science and knowledge for humanity. and right after the cargo activity i did some, you see me probably clean and in good shape now i just had my shower. >> fantastic. as you know we are in a connected economic forms a virtual space session. i would like to hand over rebecca rubinstein the managing editor. she will moderate the session with you. rebecca over to you. >> thank you joseph. it is so good to see you. >> hello, it's a wonderful having the opportunity to talk to you from space. and hopefully to have a very nice exchange about the very important topic. >> i must say we were debating whether we should say good day, good evening, good night, because you orbit the earth

every 90 minutes it's a bit of a real-time call. i would love to start out by asking, how is your view of the planet change since you have been aboard the international space station? >> yes, so you are right. we circled the planet like every 90 minutes, 16 times a day. we work according to that uk time. we are only one hour offset review. i traveled the planet once before it was around the world trip that was always my big dream and seeing the world changed my life gave me a lot of different attitudes like how we should work with our plan and the people on our planet. now, being in space and a special this morning when i did my sports activity i can look out the window and see down there our planet flying by. i suss out in america gliding

by in a few minutes later less than ten minutes per over africa and it crossed my mind christopher columbus took this a journey in the opposite direction like 500 years ago. for him it was a really tough adventure he had his three ships and crew and everyone had to work hard to make this challenge possible. nowadays i look from space down there, and for me, like space our planet earth is one big spaceship. i think the crew of our spaceship is like the crew of the ship of christopher columbus at that time but we all need to work together in order to meet the challenges of our date like climate change for example. us being in space we fallen in love with our planet even more than before. >> how does the work you do help the environment? what would you say to some people as they were focusing a bit too much on space and not

enough on the earth? >> yes, i think space cannot be the only solution to have a solution for climate change. but stick is a very important aspect. i have seen different layers every individual needs to contribute in space is a big motivator. when i talk to the kids i can motivate them and describe what i see. we also have the technological layer for example we need to improve our technology to create and have more efficient machinery and transport right here on the space station we do a lot of research to produce these new and innovative materials. and also the political level i think their discussion such problems. i think the political decision-makers need to have the data. the data comes from satellites and it also comes from the

science that we do in space. for example we look at the satellite we provide to you but we also prepare exploration and exploring space were looking at different planets who used to have an atmosphere and a lot of water but now the water is gone. obviously there is an extreme climate change over there. and so space can bring in a lot of knowledge and feed all this information into the decision-maker so you could make the right decisions. >> vice president gore is on our panel. he played an instrumental role in creating the international space station. could you please talk about just what cutting-edge research you're doing? you mentioned cargo work before. but what is your goal for this week or month up there? >> so, i am working here six

months in space. i would say within 100 -- 150 experiments i am participating in. it is a large spectrum. there's a lot of life sciences , you know humans in space with zero gravity has a lot of changes in the muscles and the bones they dissolve, get weaker and it's much much faster than on planet earth. so actually the loss of a bone mass happens up to 30 times faster than on the ground. so we're kind of guinea pigs being studied in a very controlled environment and a very fast way very fast progress like how to fight such diseases can be done by nutrition, education, but also by doing sports. i have a very interesting experiment which is experiment i can measure the strength of several muscles on my body and feed this information back to

the scientist who then prescribed us countermeasures. i have a suit that provides me small electroshock. it also comes from rehabilitation has feedback and other people with problems with their body like muscle problems, bone problems to remain longer time or at once they are in hospital may be to get out quicker from the hospital. also has a very interesting experiment about correlated to the pandemic for example the art no transmission of diseases. it's a very important topic and i have fear of new that it brought to space that i modified on the surface and i killed bacteria. especially here in space with space radiation and mutation rate is faster. and so the scientists learn

how new surfaces behavior in space and this controlled environment. it can analyze it and hopefully transfer this knowledge into everyday life for example in hospitals will surface as everyone touches is like a surface to transmit these microbes from one infected person to the next healthy person we can stop this strain. it's very important. then we have simon who is artificial intelligence once we fly further away from the earth i will have mike using crown control team who looks around my shoulders and steps and if i do a small error if i have a question. so artificial intelligence is really important for exploration in space. also on the ground is very important also to increase efficiency and always of transport in space transport management. then we have experiments that

are also related to reduction of co2 we have hardening very interesting experiment that looks into seemingly very old material, concrete, which we have everywhere around us. but not in space usually. the protection of concrete would produce a lot of co2. so if we can improve the process by better understand the process we can cut down also the co2 emissions and that will be significant. >> you sound very busy. i would love to hear your views about space tourism. do you think it's a good idea for more people to have the experience you are having now? i would also love to know what to do for sport up there? >> for sports were not playing football. we have three different devices one is like running it's like a treadmill. i'm running but i'm chained down to the machine but smith

asserts in force on there. the force i have here is almost like the gravity force on mars and we also have a bicycle a bicycle without a saddle because we don't sit we float there. we do a lot of work with the legs like pulling and pushing. that is for cardio activity. but then we also need the telling your bones you need your muscles. we need to do weightlifting and zero gravity you do not lift any weights. we push against the pressure which is like weightlifting on the ground. that is very, very important. it has become much, much better. >> the other question remind

me please again? >> basic tourism you think it's a good idea for more people to have the experience of looking at the earth the way you get to every day? >> yes. obviously like space tourism is like a two-sided knife. as one positive side like the more people who fly to space the more bass letters we have that hopefully come back to her beautiful planet earth. and say we need to take care of our planet. we need to reduce the emissions. we also need to stop everything that i see hear from space and makes my heart bleed like burning rain forests, or the melting of the glaciers. all of the phenomenon we can see from space we could observe hear from space. they are clearly evident. i think everyone has spent only a few days in space become a really avid ambassador for our planet earth and to protect it in our

future. and the other hand the more people we fly up here, the more rocket launches we will also have it. on our planet earth oceans that do not want any country are still important we should not put her garbage there because in the end what happens now here in space fly to space we have been flying to space for five or six decades. and now we see every time they come to space we leave space debris. all of us saw the same problem we have on the ground with too much garbage they get the safety issue.

and so we need to taken measures to make sure that space is clean and accessible also in the future for everyone. you will not want to live in a world where space is no longer accessible. our economy depends way too much on everything there is in space. >> with all of the new satellites in the space debris you mention, is it becoming dangerous to orbit the earth and the international space station? joseph was saying earlier there's incident recently where you had to take shelter. >> yes. we have always had space debris issues because of the earlier rocket lodges. there is also stuff coming from that universe and entering the atmosphere. spaceflight is risky. if you take the right initiatives i would not say it is dangerous. we have a lot of ground

control teams that measure the area in space they are flying in. if it's any shed coming close to us will take measures. one measure could be we do a debris avoidance maneuver which usually means we start our edges and we lift the space station a little bit. sometimes we all seem to slow down and lower the orbit just to touch away from the office objects. object comes on a very short notice we doing to shelter which we heighten our spacecraft and close all the hatches between the different modules just in case something happens. so far think everything went well the cloud control is a good situation. the more rockets we launch the more we ring up the space we need to have strict rules who needs to do an avoidance maneuver for example if you have a collision upcoming between two satellites can be actively controlled.

everyone birds energy and reduces the lifetime. basically it's has a direct economic impact to do so. ten very good position we have people, experts working on the space situation awareness program. i think if we question the director general will probably have mentioned oral raise awareness again because it affects everyone. it is everyone who is active in space. >> you've talked a lot about cooperation. just to wrap up, how do you think, as you are talking people have very global panel people sitting in from around the world. how can we ensure cooperation on common for everyone on earth for common use of space? >> i think we can look at space, international space station is really inspiring. we launched this project 21

years ago and people have been living here ever since. people from a lot of different languages, and it works but we all work together we are one team. i wish we could extend this corporation to success on too many more projects and also to the very important projects like fighting climate change. so i think we can inspire people, look what we have achieved and let's go in additional steps also in other topics. >> and finally, climate change is obviously such an urgent issue here on earth. you mentioned the fires and sometimes the flooding that you see. do you just with your eyes to the impact of climate change through space? >> yes. we fly around the earth like 16 times a day, we cross over

areas that are very arid, very dry, i can see on our planet earth people the deep into our planet to extract resources. they are actively reshaping our planet. we are cutting down cheese, we are burning down rain forest. i see huge areas of culture were generations of astronauts before have had a nice impact rain forest. also the glaciers they get smaller and smaller. satellite photos provide much better imagery for this one. because you need to look long-term in my six months here in space is probably a little short. i also see areas of flooding. so we asked her not to can be communicators to the people. it's another aspect. we are actually contributing here and using technology that

is hopefully we are preparing in order for the exploration we need the technology, we need to have close chains for the water loop. recycle all of the water have here on the space station 91 -- 92% i believe. but in order to be successful in exploration we need to come up to 98%. all of this technology we use we then spin off to the ground and hope to produce clean water underground and have a more efficient close loop systems. i think that is a very important aspect. also look at energy production, use of the energy and the space station. they've developed in the past quite a bit for space applications. now it's technology on the ground to fight climate

change. >> i want to thank you so much for your time herd we learned so much talking to you, best of luck up there. you are doing very impressive important work. take care of it. >> thank you very much for giving me the chance to communicate about this very important work. please keep on going discussing the very important topic of climate change. we all need to contribute all the best for your book. >> thank you very much. take care. >> goodbye. >> i want to hear from our panelists. what your questions are. [inaudible] very vocal about the need for international cooperation, concerned about space debris, joseph let's start with you. >> it was fascinating of

course. we every time i hear an astronaut speaking, it is just so fascinating. they are ambassadors as you say. we are also using satellites and with the vice president we spoke before about the use of satellites to measure climate change. more than half of the barometers do not understand climate come from satellite data. of a human being who looks there it's the deforestation of the fires that they see. but also in the northern parts. it is always amazing and i'm so happy to hear his voice. it gives us a perspective how to see our planet. we all know it and we are so happy we have vice president gort with us, who has we have to look into this and i think the combination of technology of satellites and astronauts is fantastic. >> a chris, what were your

thoughts as you are listening to him? >> i think there is a moment we have now that has not ever existed in human history where space is now accessible to entrepreneurs, to the private sector in a way that has never been before. we can now invest in these companies and public markets for the first time in history. we now have the opportunity to build sensors and put them into space to help us see our planet for the first time. we are beginning an era of innovation like we have never seen before. i am incredibly excited and honored to be a part of that into enable the entrepreneurs to get all their new satellites into space and make it easier to operate in space. i'm excited about what elon is doing should take us beyond earth to mars pretty excited by all the space of tourism stuff that jeff and others are

working on. it's truly a moment in time how we manage the spectrum that we need to use efficiently, we can make humanity far more efficient in our resources we can reduce the carbon emissions in the atmosphere we can hold people accountable that do not help us with these objectives. we are just getting started. >> sarah, to you. >> a follow on chris we are just getting started. it's opening up more and more innovators and a better understanding across different sectors you are moving it from the realm of something that's highly specialized to a small group of nations in a small group of individuals to a tool that is accessible to the masses. through that you are able increase investment the right answers to complex questions

using satellites, getting a deeper understanding on our universe at large, space is here it should be both an counsel to the economy, it will continue to be a major driver of science specific knowledge and it will continue to be an area by which we need to continuously invest in and continuous international cooperation for. >> the vice president if you could please close us out some final words on your observation for. >> thank you rebecca. i loved your interview and as joseph said, seeing through his eyes the views that are only available from space reminds me that actually the first time we as human beings saw our planet hole in space, was in december of 1968. : :

the same telescope is unfolding right now and will give us a chance to see into the first moments of the emergence but we have to use our moral imagination to see the future of the humanities and to see the great danger that is posed by all of the global warming pollution that we are putting into the atmosphere every day. it's trapping is much extra heat every 24 hours as would be released by 600,000 600,001st gn atomic bombs exploding every single day. that's what is threatening our

future and by using the space resource we will be able with other initiatives to be able to get a very precise in finding out exactly where this pollution is coming from and then encouraging by whatever means possible of the short reduction of the global warming pollution that's threatening the humanities future. >> we look forward to that report and so much to her, and i'd like to offer a special thanks to all of our panelists for the most memorable and histor we discussed policy issues that impact you. sunday morning, health care reporter amy goldstein discusses record sign-ups for health care coverage under the affordable care act. and a global economics

correspondent will join us to talk about his book. supreme court blogger talks about justice breyer's retirement. key cases to watch this term and increasing public confidence in the high court. join the discussion with your phone calls, facebook comments, text, and tweets. the national governors association meeting continues tomorrow. watch live at 1:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. online, or follow along with our new video app. >> six presidents recorded

conversations while in office. here those conversations on c-span's new podcast, presidential recordings. parks season one focuses on lyndon johnson. you will hear about the gulf of tonkin incident, the march on selma, and the war in vietnam. not everyone knew they were being recorded. >> johnson's secretaries knew because we were being tasked with transcribing many of those conversations. they were the ones who made sure the conversations were taped as johnson would signal to them through an open door between his office and there's. >> you will also hear blunt talk. >> i want to report of the number of people assigned to kennedy on the day he died.

>> presidential recordings. next week on the c-span networks, the house and senate are both in session. the house will vote on nominations including amy gottman to serve as u.s. ambassador to germany and the president of the export import bank. on tuesday, two hearings. at 10 a.m. eastern on c-span. they will appear before the senate homeland security committee. then live on c-span.org and the c-span now app, they will testify for the senate budget committee. former employees of the washington football team testify before the house oversight committee about sexual

harassment, verbal abuse, and the football team. watch next week live on the c-span networks were on c-span now, or mobile app. had to c-span.org for scheduling information or to stream video. florida governor ron desantis speaks to the common sense society annual gala. he talks about the fight against covid and why his strategy worked in his opinion. [applause] desantis: welcome. isn't it great to be in the freest state