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good morning, it is saturday, 4/9/2022. president biden has extended the pause on student load repayments. russia attacked the train station and eastern ukraine filled with surveillance -- civilians. we are taking your calls on president biden's extension, if you oppose the extension you can call.

you can also send us a text at (202) 748-8003 be sure to send us your first name and city and state. you can send us a tweet at http://twitter.com/cspanwj and follow us at instagram. welcome to washington journal. we want to show you the articles from usa today talking about the student loan repayment pause. the headline is by then to delay the repayment as dems push for forgiveness. this time inflation is climbing and gas prices are soaring, all the while the nation's 1.7 trillion student loan debt portfolio continues to grow with no firm direction for the

indebted. it saves 41 million borrowers per month. here is president biden making that announcement on twitter. while we will get back to you as soon as possible in the meantime you can go ahead and start calling us we have the author of that article on zoom ready to talk to us. chris, welcome to the program. guest: thank you for having me today. host: this pause goes to -- into effect. guest: this does not include private student loans.

but this includes about 41 one million americans and it is saving them about five billion dollars a month. host: will this be the last extension? guest: it is hard to say. it has previously tried to say that one of the extensions was final and that did not happen. every time we reach the point where we think repayment will begin there is often another reason to continue the extension. it is hard to say this one will be the final one given that it wrapped up on august 30 force. host: some progressives are calling for debt cancellation what are the chances for that? guest: if you look at what the president campaigned on, he wanted to cancel $10,000 per borrower. senator warren wanted 50,000 per

borrower. other democrats are somewhere in the middle, the ranking member of education talked about canceling some amount of suited dad. there is a desire for some cancellation from the democrats. the challenges are the republicans are growing more frustrated on the moratorium. host: and how much is the moratorium costing? guest: it cost more than a hundred billion dollars since march 2020. borrowers are not paying interest, there are costs associated with this program. host: it has been two years

since the first pause when the pandemic started. what kind of impact does this having on student borrowers? guest: usa today had a story that covered seven borrowers and a lot of the people they talk to talked about the things they were not able to afford with their student loan payments. they were not able to put a down payment on a house or finish their degree, and this is the first time he is not living paycheck-to-paycheck. this is having a big effect on the 41 million people who are benefiting from it right now. host: is this causing some confusion among borrowers, it was supposed to come back may 1. what do you think about it? guest: i am glad you mentioned

it. i was at a demonstration of student loan borrowers at the education department and they mentioned that. what kind of one way or another, it is hard to live their lives and these chunks but there is this question of when august rolls around, are they going to have to pay or will they get another extension, or forgiveness? there is a lot of uncertainty and it causes a lot of distress for not an insignificant amount of borrowers. host: thank you for joining us. caller: thank you so much. my pleasure. host: here is that announcement from president biden. >> we are extending the pause on student loan repayments.

i know that folks were hit hard by the pandemic and they are still recovering from the economic crisis. this pause will help americans as they are recovering and rebuilding from the pandemic. if you need support visit student aid.gov. host: that was the president making that announcement. we are taking your calls about that. i want to show you representative virginia foxx, she is a republican on the education committee. she says like clockwork, they continue to govern by executive fiat. today's decision is par for the course. the education department has provided zero information included the services who will be continued to be tasked with

this decision. let's go ahead and start taking your calls. cheryl is first from daytona beach, florida. caller: as an adult who paid off their student loans we feel strongly that should not be happening. the bid to make has been used as an excused and most of it is not even spent. if you get a degree from the college and university, that university should be responsible for you not getting a job and that deal. they should be responsible for paying back the money they borrowed. we need to stop making excuses for people.

somebody paid for this. those of us who are working pay for this. host: cheryl, are you still there? do you think colleges are to sensitive now? caller: absolutely. i think the government should do more to control the cost of education. it is outrageous. host: let's go to mara in salt lake city, utah. caller: i went to college in the 60's on the part scholarship in the interest rate was 3%. i came from a poor family and that was not easy to pay back either.

this is difficult for me to sound logical. there are still too many poor students who need this help. i think due to the fact the president widen was born with the silver spoon in his mouth, -- host: how long do you think this pause should be in effect? when should people start repaying their debt? or do you think it should be forgiven completely? caller: honestly, i don't know. there are better minds than mine that should make this decision. host: let's hear from stephen who has student debt. caller: good morning america.

i do have student loans and i have been paying them off for 10 years. i graduated in 2012. i have a wife, i have a small baby. i never thought that i would never have to pay it back but at this point, if the government is going to assist people like me who have been doing their part, paying taxes. the rich get tax breaks. the very poor, they get their tax breaks. what about the middle class like me? i have 10,000 dollars worth left and if that goes away i would be very happy. host: how long ago did you graduate? caller: 2012, about 10 years ago. host: how long do you think it will take to pay off? caller: about five more years.

host: was it worth it? caller: i did get a great job and a great career. the cost of college now compared nothing to win most of the callers are calling in. college was so cheap, you cannot compare college now to college back in the 70's and 80's and people have to understand that. host: richard is calling us from nashville, tennessee. and richard, you will pose. caller: and i don't oppose because i am against people getting help, especially the poorest of the poor. the problem i have is i am 65 years old. my baby girl just graduated two years ago.

we always had her in advance classes and when she went into university, she did not have to take any remedial courses. she went straight into college courses. and now she is in the big corporate world. she has $18,500 left over. she was not a valedictorian where she was going to get every bit of her student loan pain for -- paid for. i live 15 miles from the university might daughter graduated from. i did not want to pay $20,000 for her to live in a dorm. i told her i would not do that when she would be on campus

doing things with her friends. it did not make sense to pay that kind of money. she found a way through the university to help pay for her room and board which now she is graduated. i paid off her debt because i was so proud of her and i wanted her to be debt free. there are a lot of parents that can't do that. i want better for all children in this world. you have a state run university, i am a taxpayer. all of these schools, my daughter still has to pay full price to go to that school. then again, there are those who are poor that can't get help. if you don't have the education you can't get the job. why is the government making more money off of these public universities? host: you are saying that public

schools, public universities should be cheaper than they are now? caller: when i say cheaper, i am not saying that a math or science teachers should not make money. you have to follow where the world is going with technology. i had a young couple that came to work for me and she had a psychology degree and could not get a job and had $2000 in debt. her husband had $80,000 in debt. unless you are going to become a professor you will make a living with that. host: let's take a look at what president biden said. here's a quote from him. "we are recovering from the pandemic and unprecedented

economic distress. there are millions of student loan borrowers who would face economic hardship in loan defaults that could threaten american stability. " let's talk to wanita. caller: we could compare the prices of universities to those from the 60's and 70's. we worked our way through school , when i got out of school in 1973 there were two big differences. number one, our interest rates.

number two the government gave me nine months to find a job in number three, and what i don't hear. the introduction of private banks. things seem to go awry when ronald reagan said get private banks in here. what we need to do is to get back to what this country was about to begin with, the grants. they were for one purpose only,

to get a scientifically rivaled with the soviet union. go back and talk to your older sisters and brothers in mind out why they went to institutions in the first place. host: let's talk to jane in michigan. caller: i have student loans. i think it is ridiculous. i am not saying college should be completely free. although, it would be nice. i think the fact that a person has been ignoring the promises that he made, it is ridiculous. he was elected on a platform that we are going to cancel student loans. and then it became we are going

to cancel a certain amount of student loans. and then in his become, you have to pay it all off, it is very frustrating. like the gentleman from tennessee was saying, it gives the bridge of privilege where they get to attend any school they want and middle-class and the poor have to settle for less. it is difficult because college is becoming more expensive and jobs requiring college more and more. it captures poor people in that state of mind that we don't have any choice but to take these horrible jobs. host: you have not paid on your student loan debt for about two years through the pandemic, what impact does that had on you? caller: my job does not pay me that well. i still have been struggling but

it has made it somewhat easily but i am dreading the day it comes back. host: how long will it take you to pay it off completely? caller: with the job that i have it will probably never happen. the reason i am going to college is to get a better job. i am not sure when or if it will ever be taken care of. host: here's the quote from the brookings institution. it is a think tank here in washington dc. whether measured by income or wealth, student loan borrowers are better off than other americans. some argue that loan forgiveness is not regressive, but that is because such measures is glued the assets that people borrowed

so by an education. host: let's talk to david in south carolina. caller: good morning, thank you for having me. host: go ahead david. caller: i think it is ridiculous that they should forgive student loans. delaying it, i don't understand that either when there are 11 million open jobs and i had a lot of student loans when i went through school and i worked hard, paid them all off as soon as i possibly could and i was without loans five or 10 years later. i don't really think it is fair that others take the loans and

have it forgiven. there is a wide range of people that have these loans, many of them can well afford to pay off the loans and others would have a more difficult time. i think overall, to just wipe the loans away would be especially unfair. now we have two families, one makes 50,000 year, one spends every penny they have and goes on trips and gets new televisions every year in the other scripts and saves and make sure they have money put away for their children to go to college. is it fair that the family that scrimped and saved should have to pay for the family --

host: what about the borrowers that did make sacrifices but can't pay? caller: as one of the other callers said i think the loans can be restructured. there are a lot of open jobs, you can work harder. you can get second jobs to pay off those loans. that goes for any loan. i would like if the government would wipe out the mortgage on my house. we have been through the financial crisis where many borrowers were not able to pay, they did not wipe out their loans just because they could not pay. that is just part of borrowing and part of the risk that the lenders take when they lend money to the borrower. host: let's go to virginia now.

joe, you support the president's decision. caller: i do support the extension and here is why. i owe about 50%, i am not paying back dying. i contacted the consumer protection bureau. they garnished my check. sometimes, unbeknownst to most americans. you can pay your debt off and it gets sold to another debt collection and you have to start all over again. so i am not paying back dying. thanks for taking my call. host: let's hear from vivian and silver springs, maryland. caller: my student loan debt is

not only for myself, i had or children and i had to take out loans for them because they had overextended that they could borrow. my dad came from, i went back to school to become a teacher and before that, i never paid for school. but now i had to pay and i am older so i am a teacher. i have a problem with that because as a teacher, as an educator i think we should not have to pay to go to school. on the flipside, i can understand because as an educator i want to be able to get paid. so for those who take their time to teach the deserve to get paid.

my thing is not really understanding and knowing the process because i know it is tax dollars. host: i wonder as a teacher, do you think that universities are charging too much right now? are they making too much of a profit? caller: they are charging too much but it is not going to the right places. teachers are not getting it so i don't know why they are charging so much. host: let's check in with some members of congress and check in with their suite. we will start with republicans first. jason smith says that today's repayment extension is the example of using a pandemic narrative to bailout wealthy borrowers. steve policing they say the

pandemic is over to end title 42 but it is not over when they want to keep causing student low payments and demand more tax dollars for covid relief. let's make sure students have clear pictures of these calls before they take out a loan before making others pay it. and from democrats patty murray says the biden administration took a good step for student borrowers, now we need to build a student loan system that works for students and borrowers. and representative frank alone says, i commend the potus for

the pause on student loan payments. they need certainty and relief. i strongly urge him to eliminate up to $50,000 of student loan debt or borrowers before payments resume. and alexandria alexandria ocasio-cortez says i don't think folks understand the panic and disorder it causes people to get so close to these deadlines just to extend the uncertainty. it does not have the effect people think it does. we should cancel them. and with another representative says, i am grateful that the pause on student loan repayment and interest will be extended. another member tweets, we want to hear from you. host: good morning john.

caller: thank you for having me. i oppose any student loan forgiveness and i will explain. i was from a low income family. i would've liked to go to college but i was smart enough not to get caught up in the loans. if you take out a loan and sign your name to it you agree to pay it back especially to the american tax payer. i have three sons and i raise them by myself on my own. they are fiscally responsible, none of them went to colleges. i have a son that owns his own business, one who climbed the corporate ladder, i have a son that climbed another corporate ladder. they went to trade schools, got their education.

host: you are against for giving the loans but what about just pausing the loans? so people have a little bit longer to pay it back? caller: my opinion on that is when you sign your name on it that, i went through the pandemic. my sons went through the pandemic. none of the loans we had were forgiven. nothing paused for us. here is the other thing, there are millions of taxpayers in this country, what about my 10,000? where is my 100,000 dollars, i would like to have that. i am paying taxes.

taxpayers should not pay bills of people who signed the loan. you pay your debt. host: let's take a look at some of the numbers. the total is $1.75 trillion. 46 million people have student debt and 92% of the debt is owned by the federal government, 11% of loans were 90 days overdue and were in default before the coronavirus. in the average monthly payment was $300. let's hear from philip in michigan. caller: welcome to washington journal, c-span.

if you want to help, he needs to put a 2% mandatory interest rate . he should be forgiving the taxpayer by removing all of the binds on your ira and rothko so people can access their money that they are savings so people can get there teeth fixed, by hearing aids and other things that need to get done. thanks a bunch c-span. host: elizabeth is in north hills, california. caller: all this talk about they get their debt forgiven. they should have known, they are

supposed to be adults that they need to pay any loan they take. i think a lot of them take a loan and they take more money than they need and they live in the dorm and by expensive things and they could cut costs drastically. a lot of them are too good to go to community college and that is a lot cheaper than going to university for four years. i know of young people who will live for people or six people to save money on rent. a lot of these people who don't want to pay their debt, they got a great job because of the degree. host: let's take a look at

pramila jayapal. >> when i ran for congress, student debt was at 1.3 trillion. today, student debt is at 1.9 trillion. a lot of this money is money that the federal government makes in that these debt collectors make on interest rates that are higher than what we actually need to be charging. if you look at the whole issue, why would we work against our self if the ax stepped of is to get as many people educated as possible and get them into jobs where they can support themselves and their families. this all shows that you should cancel as much data as you can

cancel is going to stimulate the economy. if we were to cancel all of the debt that is out there, we would raise the wealth of black families by 40%. this is a racial justice issue as well. host: the washington post put out an editorial about the subject. their headline is extending the pause on student loan repayments makes no sense. they say that president biden blundered with his extension on the pause of the payments, what was an emergency measure is no longer justified. it is hard to make an argument that college graduates are struggling right now. there is a near record number of job openings. a similar story for americans who took college courses or did

not graduate. the unemployment rate with some college is 3%. that is down dramatically from an unemployment rate of 15% in april 2020 for people with some college then when mr. biden was sworn in. let's talk to connie from pennsylvania. you are opposed to the decision. caller: good weekend to everyone. you started out with the florida crawler. aller. i have a little bit of background. i started to work when i was 13 years old. i was not allowed to spend that

money. i put it in the bank. i also worked through my college years while everyone else was partying and having a good time, i was working. i chose my profession wisely. i am in the health care profession. as long as i am healthy i could work until the day i die. it is taking ownership of what you do. i applied to three different schools, i chose the most affordable one because i knew i was not going to sign a loan. i paid for it all, my parents helped a little bit. my parents are middle income. we are not extravagant. we live below our means. this is the problem with the

socialist idea, everybody owes me something and people need to take responsibility for what they purchase. what they do in their lives. you buy a service, you buy an item. you buy a house. you have a child. you are responsible for the decisions that you make. no one else is responsible for it. host: perl is calling us from florida. caller: thank you, good morning. i agree with setting aside, deferring until august. everybody speaks to the pandemic being a reasonable cause for failure to continue as things were before. but the pandemic is a serious

event that has taken place in this country. and with that in mind it affects a number of things. this is been an economic problem as it relates to being able to work, being able to make the income that you had. people were struggling before the pandemic, so when i imagine the added stress that has been imposed upon americans as it relates to the pandemic. to have the opportunity to relieve those people who are struggling economically, who are struggling mentally in order to keep marching forward in their lives. i am sure everybody's plan has been disrupted. host: are you in favor of more extensions or do you think that august 31, people need to start paying? caller: i think an assessment

needs to be made as i am sure one has been made in order to make this decision. an assessment needs to be made. we need to continue to strive to be competitive in the world. education is key. so to promote those people who have said who cannot afford it but they have the bandwidth to make a difference in the future, it is prudent and fair. i also think that the overall mental health issue that accompanies the pandemic is something that is considered in this decision. so yes, deferring it until august is a good decision and should go further.

this is an asset that they have, and unsecured asset as it relates to the bank. host: let's check in with some of our tweets. sorry, some of our text. this is bert, student loans are a created crisis. keep them in debt as a form of control. let's just rescue loan repayments and gas prices first. and james says, you can be assured there will be another pause come august to get past the november elections. also, i paid my loans back, will i get reimbursed? how about the companies they get

subsidies, we all think that is fine. let's hear from lewis in new jersey. caller: hi, good morning. let's get right to the point. they ran on canceling school debt. they ran on it. my daughter and my son both went to rutgers. i worked two jobs, my wife were two jobs. my daughter graduated and started an engineering job making 86,000 year. my son took a job making 62,000. they work and they graduated

with no school debt. host: let's hear from erin. caller: people do not think about the fact that we bailed out the banks, why can't we bail out the people? a lot of people are hurting from student loans. i know the loans need to be paid back. if they were forgiven the money could go somewhere. people's debt to income ratio is such that they can't buy a house. i am going to be paying off well into my retirement years. i am not asking for a handout. but some relief would be remarkable in that is is all i'm going to say. host: let's take a look at this

graph from the peterson association. it says that student loan debt has doubled, the total student debt and billions of dollars. it is pretty steadily climbing from 2000 and eight to 2021. john is from the virgin islands. caller: good morning, thank you for the time. i love washington journal. i am in favor of canceling the debt like the gentleman said before, we canceled it for wall street and we left main street hanging. universities take huge endowments and then charge ridiculous prices for the same courses that were being taken 30 years ago. host: what about the people who

pay their debts back? is it unfair to them? caller: no, not if we pay them back as well. they did what they were supposed to do. it is unfair the way it was set up. it has gotten so convoluted that people are paying three times what they were charged. host: you are saying the interest rates are unfair for student debt? caller: for what some people are paying back, yeah. social security people want to talk about making sure you do the right thing when you borrow money. republicans wanted to take trillions of dollars from social security had never paid it back. host: alright john. let's hear from carla in

missouri. caller: when i got up i was groggy but now i have been coming out my ears. i am 90 years old. i went to school back in the 50's and my tuition for each quarter, $22 a quarter. people only earned a dollar an hour. my sisters and i were two and three jobs and got out of school debt free. i don't understand students today. i have a four year degree and masters degree. i taught at the high school and college level. why do people think they have to go to four year college? i had a young man who worked for me in my garden and he went to a trade school. he made $80,000 a year as a line

man. i don't know why some of these students who go to college are not fit for college. they have the mental ability they feel like they have to go. the other thing is, why don't they get a second job and pay off these loans? i don't understand this. a debt is debt and people who don't pay back the student debt have other debts they won't pay back. host: what if people want to go to college. you say that they can go to trade school. what if they want to go to college and they want to have a job that you need a college degree for? caller: then you better plan ahead. you better save money and go to a school you can afford. i would like to fly to the moon

but i know i can't. we have to do what we have to do. some of these kids go to school, if you want to major and basket weaving that's fine. but where are you going to get a job and basket weaving? i think today young people, they want the moon but they don't want to pay for it. host: let's go to philadelphia, pennsylvania and talked to whitney who has student loan debt. caller: thanks for having me on c-span. i want to address all of these people that think their personal anecdotes matter. your personal stories don't matter. we have plenty of fellow americans who have debt that is keeping them from moving forward in their career and lies.

i am a millennial and i can attest that my generation is overburdened and overwhelmed with debt. we can't afford houses in philadelphia. if you want people who are doctors, lawyers, politicians, anthropologists who do any kind of creative work, graphic designers. they have to go to college and they will come out with college debt. it is important that we support the work. host: americans for tax reform, they are headline is they oppose a moratorium on student loan repayments and they say that the moratorium as a special favor to the progressive elite that contributes to the united states massive debt.

it was signed by 13 other organizations. let's talk to lori in pennsylvania. caller: i am a parent and i have two daughters. they are seven years apart. she went to a very wealthy college on the west coast which offered her almost a full scholarship. i made payments to that college and she came out of it debt free. she is now getting her doctorate and she is a teacher. now my youngest daughter, she did not get a full scholarship. i have also paid that college 500, $600 a month. and i did take out a student loan.

they are not only in students names, they are also in parents names. i had to house them, feed them, utilities, clothed them. what it is, it is 7.5 interest student loan. you can make a monthly payment but your payment will not add up to what that interest adds up. that is why you get so far behind and find it hard to pay off these loans. host: how is your oldest daughter paying for her doctorate? caller: she has lived in different places throughout the world.

she did take out a loan but not a big one. she is living off the money she saved herself. she does not buy a lot of things, she is not a fashion person. education is very important because they learned different aspects of how the world works. they meet different people from around the world. a lot of colleges require you to study abroad. it gives you a whole new perspective on life itself and how to deal with each other. host: it is very expensive, that study abroad. caller: college is expensive and it is included in there. colleges require that they study abroad. one thing, a lot of colleges

have taken advantage of the government by putting their costs up so high in the government foots the bill. in the legal sense of it, they are able to do that. we subsidize a lot of operations. a lot of corporations get free money. fossil fuel companies, they get subsidies. host: let's talk to cindy and henrietta, new york. caller: thank you for having me. i used to collect on student loans and turn them over to the government when they defaulted. there are deferments out there that could possibly happen.

if there is a hardship, of a hardship deferment. there were school deferments, military deferments, when i would collect i would say listen, i have son with the student loan. my sister how to student loan and she paid on it. we have had doctors, lawyers that i worked with and basically, we need companies that are student loan companies that work with people as opposed to the banks trying to get things over on people. it is a debt that you owe. host: so you don't think they

should be positive more? caller: with the repayments start, make sure the company offers deferments. maybe you can pay pay the interest on the loan rather than the full payment. host: let's go to tom in alabama. caller: i'm a just an old country boy but i've been working since i was 15 years old. i had a brother who went to college, he owed over a hundred thousand dollars and he is cutting fabric for of fabric company. he got a doctorate. host: what did he study? caller: physics. he is one of those guys who

thinks about the stars and all of that kind of stuff. i am just a carpenter but i worked on my life. forgiving the loans, it is not going to make the country better. it will make the country poorer. how do you pay that back plus all of the money we paid in the past two years? host: is your brother going to be able to pay that money back? caller: he votes for everybody who wants to forgive the loans so they will be forgiven. that is how smart he is. host: alright tom. let's talk to mary from iowa. caller: the united states belongs -- out of those 34

countries, 33 countries have free education and they are further ahead in their education. when we educate people we will bring them out of poverty. when we give free education to the gis, we made seven dollars more in taxes from educated people. poverty leads to crime and drugs. week of oil companies tax because. give them an education, whether it is community college.

also, grade three -- preschool should be free. all community college. another thing that united states is ranking 34 is an health care. all other countries have single-payer health care. host: let's not get into health care quite yet. we will get to your point on free community college. let's talk to patrick from texas. caller: i just wanted to tell you my story. i graduated at the age of 35. i had to work full-time i whole life. i went to three different community colleges. i did not qualify for student

loans because i made too much money to qualify. i put that on credit cards. i am asked $28,000 in credit card debt by the time i graduated. if people go to school they need to pay back their debts. they are going to develop some integrity and honor if they honor what their debts are and what they have signed up for. that is all i have to say. host: brian is in erie, pennsylvania. and you have student loan debt. caller: i don't have a problem paying student loan debt. i think people need to be more educated on what they are taking out. when you have 18-year-old kids signing that sign a piece of pat they don't know what they are

signing, that will present problems down the road. the education is important as far as what they are actually signing for. federal loans are 6% interest. if you have a $30,000 balance, you are paying $5 a day on interest. my income-based repayment plan is $200 a month. $150 of that is going to interest. a lot of these programs are fine and well for income-based and income-driven repayments, but people don't realize that they are never getting out of debt or that it will take a really long time if they are only putting $50 on the principal per month. there is a reason that people are not talking about forgiveness from mortgages or home equities or personal loans.

i think that student loans are a problem. i don't have a problem paying on the debt, but i think that there needs to be more education behind it. have a great day. host: that is our last call for this segment. the white house celebrated the 12th anniversary of the affordable week. we will look at the law's impact with two doctors. later, david stewart, the host of the tax note podcast takes your tax questions ahead of the april 18 filing deadline. we will be right back. >> next week on c-span, congress is in recess. at 9:00 p.m. eastern officials from the department of interior

and the forest service testified on several wildfire management for the house natural resources committee. tuesday at nine :00 p.m. eastern testimony about evolving trends regarding overdraft programs and fees, their impact on consumers, and avoiding overdraft fees. a look at substance abuse, suicide risk, and the american health system by the house ways and means committee. thursday at 9:00 p.m. eastern, an interview with supreme court justice amy coney barrett and the reagan presidential library. and at 10:00 p.m. eastern a conversation with sonia sotomayor at washington university in st. louis. watch on c-span or c-span now, our free mobile app, or head to c-span.org for scheduling information or to stream video live or on-demand anytime.

c-span, your unfiltered view of government. >> book tv, every sunday on c-span features leading authors discussing their latest nonfiction book from tulane university. author and historian discussions on the legacies of james baldwin and james lewis. authors on race and history. on 10:00 p.m. eastern on afterwords the former australian prime minister talks about his book "the avoidable war" and how his thoughts on how the u.s. and china can coexist and avoid war in the future. he is interviewed by carla freeman. watch book tv on c-span

two. watch online any time booktv.org . >> american history tv, exploring the people and events that tell the american story. on lectures in history the life and political career of theodore roosevelt. his rise in new york politics, his presidency, and his post-presidency international exploration. part six of our eight part series first ladies in their own words will look at the role of the first lady, their role in the white house, and issues important to them in their own words. we feature laura bush. >> sometimes first ladies are trivialized. in fact, our contributions to the united states from first