>> all q and day programs are available on our website or as a podcast on our c-span now mobile app.

center, tevi troy will talk about the history of presidents working with divided congresses and how president biden might work with the gop led house come january. after that, dr. julie morita with the robert wood johnson foundation on the winter outlook of the so-called tripledemic of covid, flu, and rsv. call, send a facebook message, comment, or tweet. "washington journal" starts now. host: nearly 18 months after it began, the work of the select committee to investigate the january 6 20 one attack on the united states is nearly done. in the last -- in his last public hearing today at 1:00 p.m., referrals for criminal indictments are likely, including former president trump , a move which could have great

legal and constitutional ramifications beyond the work of the january 6 committee. good morning. it is monday, december 19, 2022. we are asking you, has the work of the january 6 committee been effective? tell us why you think that way. if you say yes, it is (202) 748-8000. if you say now, (202) 748-8001 -- no, (202) 748-8001. you can send us a text at (202) 748-8003. tell us your name and where you're texting from. you're on facebook, twitter, and instagram. you can send us your thoughts there. @cspanwj. has the work of the select committee on the attack on the u.s. capitol been effective and why? what are your expectations of what will happen next? we will read reporting of what we are hearing may happen next at the hearing of the january 6

committee. if you are unsure, pick one of those lines that best reflect your view at this point and tell us why. (202) 748-8000 if you say yes. (202) 748-8001, no, the work of the committee has not been effective. here's politico and their headline. january 6 committee prepares to deliver judgment on donald trump. the january 6 committee is preparing to unveil its most comprehensive case yet, that donald trump attempted to subvert the transfer of presidential power to joe biden, first by pressuring allies at every level of government and then with the aid of a violent mob. the panel plans to release the first components of its final report monday following an 18 month probe that featured explosive depositions from members of trump's west wing, battles that reach the supreme court, and access to some of the most sensitive papers held by trump's white house.

political rights that the panel has long contended that trump broke the law and the service of his bid to get a second term despite losing the 2020 election. the new report is expected to add new details on that effort, particularly about enablers who facilitated trump's gambit, from republican members of congress to a team of lawyers pushing french theories to shadowy operatives with conspiracy theories. they also plan to adopt the conclusion that trump violated the criminal insurrection stature by providing aid and comfort to the mob that stormed the capital on january 6, 2021. (202) 748-8000 is the line to call if you say the work of the committee has been effective. (202) 748-8001 is the "no" line. let's hear from adam schiff on his views. [video clip] >> do you think the evidence is

there that donald trump committed the crimes mentioned and that the cases are prosecutable, that you could get a conviction? >> i think the evidence is there that donald trump committed criminal offenses in connection with efforts to overturn the election. viewing it as a former prosecutor, i think there is sufficient evidence to charge the president. i do not know what the justice department has. i know what is in the public record. the evidence seems plain to me. host: from the state -- from state of the union, adam schiff yesterday. our coverage of what we expect will be the final hearing of the genuine six committee is coming up this afternoon at 1:00 p.m. eastern. we will have that live for you here on c-span and online at c-span.org and on our c-span now mobile app. let's go to your calls. to pennsylvania. patrick says the work of the committee has not been

effective. caller: not only has it not been effective, but if you look at the evidence now showing definitively that not only was there direct interference from the national security state via twitter, which is weaponize with the fbi, most likely with the cia, you're looking at a situation that is becoming so profoundly damming -- damning and the media is trying to characterize that there was no fraud in the election when i did a search and found 1003 hundred 50 verified cases of fraud, -- 1350 verified cases of fraud. this new reality with twitter and the fact that the fbi was massively indebted in the social media oligarchy, which was

weaponized against the american people and directly interfering with the election process, so the weaponize asian of the january 6 committee could not be more blatant. you have almost no republicans. you have republicans that are now shopping for gigs on msnbc and cnn. all i have to say is thank god for elon musk, who stood up here and he has put his life on the line and career on the line and is standing up for the constitution and bill of rights. he is literally the only leading corporate actor to stand up for the united states. he deserves the highest award of this nation. host: let's go to jerry and detroit. has the work of the january 6 committee been effective? caller: before i begin my

answer, what patrick just told you are a load of lies concerning january 6, and he knows it. absolutely they have been more than effective. i would like to address, if i may, if you allow me, some of the wild conspiracy theories surrounding january 6. the lie that the capitol police let the rioters in, that trump -- that nancy pelosi turned it down and the lie that those were not from supporters. they were members of antifa, government agents. all of that is nothing more than conspiracy theories. any republican calling on the republican line who says otherwise is lying through their teeth. they are doing it to protect and coddle donald trump. host: in terms of the committee being effective, tell us why. is it the likely resulting

recommendations for prosecutions that we are expecting out of the hearing? caller: i think they have done a lot of good. it exposes donald trump and his supporters, the proud boys and oath keepers, for who they are. there will be people calling on the republican line who will blame anyone and everyone but donald trump for what happened. you are going to be hearing a lot of that, plus the lie that the democrats staged it. why would the democrats do that to one of their own? this is nothing more than conspiracy theories and you are going to hear a lot of it from the archie bunkers on the republican line. host: jerry mentioned the trial of the proud boys getting underway in washington. some comments on twitter and via

text. this is a capitol hill report or sink january 6 committee is back . the committee is getting ready to issue a final report. effective at spending taxpayer money. it was a waste of time. this was an example of bipartisanship and worthy of the third reich and soviets. it has tons of evidence to support charges against trump, so very effective. let's see if justice comes to d.c. for a brief visit. paul in kentucky, good morning. caller: what comes around, goes around. you have one of the most corrupt human beings that live to the white house now. you people are going to be sorry for this which trial. this is the way stalin and

hitler's did trials, the very same way. if they got rid of the second amendment, they would start concentration camps up for republicans. the only reason they cannot is because they are too chicken and we have guns. host: next is linda in mississippi. good morning. caller: i think the committee has made their point. this report today would be a closing part of it. the guy that spoke in front of me, that is the mentality of that trump base. he loves them. uneducated and cold minded. -- cult minded. he tells them he is guilty but they would rather believe it conspiracy theory than that he

is doing what he is doing. the most corrupt president is in office right now. he must have forgot that trump is already left office. that was the most corrupt, incompetent them and crooked president we have ever had. we have had some bad ones, but he takes the cake. thank you. host: let's hear from jack in georgia. he says, it has not been effective. caller: good morning. thank you for doing what you all do. merry christmas. i think that the people who actually attacked on january 6 are the people who need to be held accountable. i think the committee itself has done their job doing that. donald trump -- i do not think

he had any orchestrating that to happen. i think he runs his mouth too much. but as far as taking charges against him, i think the committee needs to focus on the people who were physically there. and i think they should be held accountable for their actions by all means. that was a disgrace to our nation. i am a republican, but then people were not republicans. to me, they are american terrorists, but by trying to concentrate on donald trump i think, like i said, his mouth overloaded his behind. i do not think he physically or had any planning on doing that. i do not believe that in my heart. host: on the committee itself, do you think the former

president has been effective in his own statements and speeches in diminishing the work of the january 6 committee? caller: i think that he should have chose his words very lightly. when you have a crowd of people out there that are angry. by him saying the things he did, he should have not. he did not say to attack, but he should have -- it is treading a fine line, is what i am saying. he should have stood out there and told the people to demonstrate peacefully but, like i said, his mouth overloads his -- the backside of his body. host: appreciate your call this morning. this is from the washington post , reporting on the january 6 committee. the committee could vote on referring trump for criminal charges. the house select committee

investigating january 6 attack on the u.s. capitol is set to vote to refer terminal charges against a former president to the justice department for the first time in american history monday. including an examination of the insurrection that shook the country's free and fair election system. criminal and civil referrals will precede the release of a final report compiled by the committee that will tell the most comprehensive story to date of events leading to the attack and donald trump's role in fomenting it. the committee is expected to vote on referring trump for three charges, obstruction of an official proceeding of congress, conspiracy to defraud the united states, and insurrection. politico first reported the charges will be considered by the panel. david says yes in fort worth, texas. good morning. caller: thank you for taking my call.

i agree with the caller before who just went on. i think it has been effective. i think he has been given the benefit of doubt for too long. he has totally divided this country and taken the presidency and used it as a tool to inflame hate. i think you should go to jail. i think you should be indicted and go to jail. he also needs to be looked at for possibly being a russian agent because who knows what he had going on with putin? nobody knows. there is something funny about that guy. i do not know what it is, but he scares me, him and all his followers, because they are all heaters and it is scary -- haters and it is scary. he should be made an example of.

host: if the referrals are turned into an indictment, do you think the department of justice will take those referrals and turn them into indictments against the former president? caller: i think they should. it would be the right thing to do. it is funny how he is for law enforcement until his goons show up and beat up law enforcement. if those were black people that done that, we would all be dead half of us anyway. the rest of us will be looking at life sentences. it is crazy how he gets away with so much and his followers. host: here's the washington times. january 6 panel to ready criminal referrals for attack on u.s. capitol. they write about others who could face come no referrals.

in our former white house chief of staff, mark meadows, attorneys who guided mr. trump and efforts to overturn the election, rudolph giuliani john eastman, and jeffrey clark advised the former president on claims that the election was stolen from him, which preceded the attack on the capital. each of them could also be subject to a criminal referral by the committee. given mr. trump's support base and 22 for candidacy, a referral against the former president would put attorney general merrick garland in a tough spot. my guess is he would have no hesitation going after someone like mark meadows, but i do not know whether he would go after trump and go to prosecute him, said democratic strategist fred brannon -- brad bannon. there is no legal strategy -- president -- precedent for going after a former president. we showed you part of the comments earlier from adam

schiff. the intelligence committee chair saying he believes there is enough to warrant referral for indictment. here are the full comments. >> -- [video clip] >> do you think evidence is there that donald trump committed the crimes i mentioned and that cases are prosecutable? >> i think the evidence is there that donald trump committed criminal offenses in connection with his efforts to overturn the election. viewing it as a former prosecutor, i think there's sufficient evidence to charge the president. >> to get a conviction? >> i do not know what the justice department has. i know what is in the public record. the evidence seems plain to me, but i would want to see the full body of evidence to make a decision. this is someone who in multiple ways tried to pressure state officials to find votes that did not exist.

this is someone who try to interfere with a joint session, even inciting a mob to attack the capital. if that is not criminal, i do not know what is. >> so you will vote yes on referring insurrection, obstruction of an official proceeding, and conspiracy to defraud the federal government? >> i cannot comment on what referrals we will make. we will have a vote on referrals. as well as approving our overall report. i can tell you are process has been to look meticulously at the evidence and compare it to statutes. if there is sufficient evidence as to each element of a crime, we are not referring -- we will not be voting to refer everyone we think there may be evidence because we want to focus on those for which we believe there is the strongest evidence. >> i know you cannot speak for the whole committee, but i'm

speaking of how you personally will vote. >> i'm happy to share my personal views. >> do you think he committed insurrection and conspiracy to defraud the federal government? >> i do not want to telegraph what we are considering. host: steve on twitter says this. i am waiting for the final report and two dozen doj referrals, including putin's man in washington, trump. this one says, i'm disappointed in america's loss of common sense. the committee has been effective in foisting a huge distraction forgiving cover to not doing the people's business. the january 6 committee has made -- was made irrelevant on day one when pelosi kicked the republican appointed members often appointed her own rinos to make sure her part with security failures would never be discussed.

-- congress did a great job for the usa. at asking you, has the jan your six committee been effective? (202) 748-8000 is the line if you say yes. if you say no, the line is (202) 748-8001. george is on the line in circleville, ohio. caller: thanks for taking my call. merry christmas to you, the c-span family, and those who call in on the show to make it a great program. first, adam schiff is probably the most prominent prevaricate or just prevaricater i have seen. here's the guy who said he had all the proof to prove -- convict trump and never showed any proof. does this gentleman have any ethics? gentleman is a kind word, to say the least. look at all the democrats.

i'm not a democrat or republican. i am independent. when i look at pelosi and what she has done to organize this and the democrats have a game plan. they want to keep republicans on the defensive so republicans cannot go on the offensive. because if he went on the offensive there would be so much dirt you could fill the grand canyon with all democrats have done. then i heard the caller talk about a previous caller but he mentioned that trump could be a russian agent. russia waited until biden was in office to go to ukraine. who got all the money from china and russia? hunter biden and the big guy got 10%, if not more. it just takes common sense. do we have common sense anymore? do these people just get news off the nightly news and are brainwashed? look at trump. he went through two impeachments for nothing.

what they are trying to do is badger the sky to death. -- this guy to death. the cia did not like trump because he doubted their intelligence. look back to the kennedys. biden released some of the redacted statements but kept 2000 of those statements. why? because the cia and fbi had direct involvement. this has gone on for a long time. host: in terms of the results of the committee, if they come down with recommendations for prosecution, the former president's now 2024 run does this help or hurt his run for the presidency? caller: there will not be any prosecution. i guarantee that. i do not think trump will run. i guarantee you now there will

not be prosecution. this hearing is to shut off the american people's voice. they want to hear the -- scare the public. if you talk against somebody, you might be the next trump. host: let's hear from chris in vermont. good morning. caller: i really appreciate this forum. there is no doubt this was a coup and insurrection. it was to block the counting of the electoral votes. it is evident. what is needed besides those that -- who have already gone to court is who did the planning of this? this did not happen overnight. there was a plan to get this done. it appears many members of congress were involved and those people are still in office. if that is the case, they are guilty of treason. the committee did bring up so many valuable points to people

who were open-minded enough to listen, but there were other things that bothered me as far as capital security. i could not understand why the first floor windows were not bulletproof. what if this had been an attack from a foreign country? are we that vulnerable? is our capital that vulnerable? it brought out more questions than it did answers, but there is no doubt this was a planned coup. if you did not know better, you would have thought you were looking at something in a third world country. host: how much of the public hearings did you watch? caller: every single one. what i did not catch live, i went to c-span and caught the whole thing later in the evening. all of it. host: appreciate your call this morning. we will have live coverage today of what is expected to be the final public hearing of the select committee on the january

6 attack on the u.s. capital coming up at 1:00 eastern today. follow it live on c-span. we will have it on the free mobile app so you can take it wherever you are and streaming. a story over the weekend, gop shadow committee emerges for january 6 report. they write that house republicans are plotting to release their own 100 plus page rebuttal this week. republicans aim to cast the select committee report as partisan by contrasting the expected focus on president trump with their concentration on capital security. what we are hearing, we are prepared to release it when they release theirs, said a senior republican source. this shadow january 6 panels made of would be select committee members. the report will likely come in at over 100 pages.

select committee report is expected to be around 1000 pages , as reported last month. next is greg in ohio. go ahead. caller: good morning. glad i turned on the brainwashing network this morning. if the founding fathers were still around, everyone of them on that panel and half the democrats and half the republicans would be put in front of the building and shot. this is crazy. host: a caller from wisconsin is dave on the yes line. tell us why. caller: i think it is very effective. i watched everyone of them. let's get something straight. this was not a trial. so you hear about it was such a unfair trial. it is not a trial. it is an investigation.

if anybody bothered to watch, most of the witnesses and people they interviewed were all republicans or people inside the trump administration. they are under oath, so they could not lie. they could, but they would be committing perjury. i was a little disappointed about them not delving into the security part of it. maybe they will. we will see what happens today. but some of the people that are calling -- i can tell exactly where they get their news, but that is another thing. thanks for listening and happy holidays to everybody. host: liz from south carolina, go ahead. caller: it has not changed my mind a bit. i get my news from all sources,

so the last caller -- it is always fox, fox, fox. i do not agree with the way those folks went in, broke windows, and a lot of things they have done, but with this voting system that has been brought to our nation now where dead people have voted -- they act like they are so suppressed to vote. they will come pick you up in a limousine now to get you to vote. with what this poor president is doing and lying to our people, telling people he will pay for their college loans? all along, we know it is a sham. it is a lie. everybody should be marching in the streets. what he is doing and allowing all these poor folks coming in from mexico -- we have homeless

here. there are people on lists, 1000 names waiting for homes, for apartments. this bozo is sitting up there and lying to the american people . trump was not perfect, but wake up. what is going on in our country? it is not fox news's fault. host: to sharon in queens, new york. caller: i do think this committee was effective. i cannot believe this nightmare that has been created. i feel the rules for the president should be changed since we see the conduct that for president trump was performing.

i really believe it is time for people to get together and change the laws because this is a nightmare. i pray to god this united states gets settled and is a fair united states, no matter who is winning. host: here is the new york times about the proud boys trial getting underway, such to open, focusing on the role in the january 6 violence, writing on the morning of january 6, 2021, as proud boys were getting ready to take their place in a pro-trump mob outside the capital, a leader of a far-right groups in a message to his colleagues, i want to see thousands of armies -- normies burned the city to ash. the notion that the proud boys wanted to provoke violence in the normal people in the crowd

rests at the heart of the case. at the trial, which begins with jury selection monday, prosecutors intend to argue that the defendants turned the mob into a weapon on january 6 and pointed it at the capital, where lawmakers had gathered to certify results of the 2020 election. according to court papers and pretrial hearings. it was part of a plot, the government will say, to stop the lawful transfer of power and ensure that president trump remained in office. our opening question this morning, has the work of the january 6 committee then effective? if you say yes, that line is (202) 748-8000. if your answer is no, it is (202) 748-8001. explain yourself. tell us why and what you expect out of the committee today and going forward. anthony is in arkansas. caller: i was hoping they would

look into who did what when, why policeman were waving people in. i have seen all this video of people waving -- police waving people up the stairs, pointing which direction to go. why did we not hear from those people? if it was effective, it was effective at showing the bias that went into making the committee. and any committee that looks at one day, that takes all year to try to get something done -- it shows the efficiency of washington. there are thousands of minutes of tape, videophones, and so on, that could have been used to show who was where and who let who in, far beyond what we saw

live on television. who is this fellow? he is up there saying we have to storm the capital and the people around him point and say he is a fed or something. i could not hear it clearly, but they did not go along with this fellow. host: our caller making allegations about the capitol police. here's an opinion piece in the new york times this morning on the morning of the final hearing of the january 6 committee. the headline is, i still feel the pain of the capitol riot. officer carolyn edwards writes, for me this story cannot end overnight because the rite itself was an attack not just on a central american's two shins but also the people who live and serve to protect it. i was at the capital during the riot. i stood shoulder to shoulder with my colleagues fighting to protect the capital and people who work there.

even now, i can barely talk about it. very few capitol police officers can. she writes about her experience and says, recently i gave a speech in which i talked about the strength beyond measure i see in the small moments and everyday deeds of my fellow police officers. i see it in the way they put flowers on the memorials of their fallen comrades and continue to show up for one another. i see it in their laughter in the hallways and during roll call on the way they train for the next generation of their peers how to do the job and teach them the lessons we had to learn the hard way on january 6. i see the strength in the way officers are carrying on. i get my strength from them. any time i'm tempered to worry but the future i remind myself these people made sure i went home alive that day. if they had to, they would again. the trauma kicked off by the capitol riot is still with us. has the january 6 -- has the

work of the january 6 committee been effective? here's what folks are saying on our twitter poll. 55% say it has not been effective. a little over 45% say it has been effective. in louisiana, good morning to james. caller: good morning. happy holidays. merry christmas. i want to thank you guys for having this open forum, but this is the first time i want to criticize you guys. your question is untimely. the purpose of this committee was to investigate and report. they investigated and they have not issued a report yet. so how can any of us say whether it has been effective since we

have not heard the results of the report? i have watched almost every committee televised hearing and it is almost obvious that they have done a good job, very thorough, and we do not know who and what they will say about who did what, so all these people coming in and saying this, that, and the other, they must know more than the committee does. host: you make a good point in terms of the ultimate conclusions of the committee, but you also point out we are interested in have they been effective through the process. the dozen or so public hearings, who they have called up, and how they have helped define what has happened at the attack of the

capital january 6. in long island, dennis is calling on the no line. we lost dennis. we will go to jane in brooklyn. caller: good morning. i cannot believe some of the calling, but not shocked. the fish always stinks from the head. trump is the reason why we are here. as far as the question, of course it is effective. look at the arrests that we have. one caller says they do not know anything about this and that. arrests. look how many people have been arrested, 900, proud boys, whatever it is. they have to stop the nonsense. the january 6 committee is doing a fantastic job. there are cops, there were law

enforcement, all kinds of people from all over our country who were bringing people in or trying to overturn our government. we need to knock it off, enjoy the show today, find out more about what is happening. america first. it is the holidays. we need to come together and stop this stuff. thanks for having your show. i appreciate it. host: glad you called in. this is from foxnews. el paso declares state of emergency as u.s.-mexico border crossings surge. not safe. the mayor announced a state emergency saturday. yesterday, the former acting homeland security secretary talked about the biden administration approach to border security. >> the president has done the work.

do you buy that? >> i do not. i do not think anyone does. point to one thing you have done over the last 23 months that has tried to end this crisis and make it better. they tore down a number of successful policies as they came into office 23 months ago. they have put nothing in his place. we talk about title 42. that is bad, but only in the context that this administration had 23 months to put together a number of plans and policies that would take its place. they have done none of that, so it is bad but only bad because the biden administration refuses to take an enforcement posture to send a signal to the cartels and traffickers that there will be a new sheriff in town and we will not have the same policies as the last 23 months. we all know this is what they planned on and we are seeing that. we will probably continue to see that into 2023.

host: greg is in richmond, virginia. caller: i'm going to say the investigation is a sham. that is obvious because they picked who was on the committee. the republicans try to put a couple guys on and they said we will tell you who we will put on. that is not how you run an investigation. second, if this was an insurrection, which is supposed to be a transfer of power, of stealing the power of government , they did not have any arms on them. no one was arrested for arms violations. how could they possibly overtake the government. if it was this big insurrection that they are portraying it to be? -- it to be, where was the fbi? where was homeland security? all the billions of dollars we spent on intelligence and

information and nobody saw this coming? a takeover of our government and all these people being paid, these fancy fbi suit wearing people doing all their investigating, collecting millions, and nobody saw this coming? how can this be a valid investigation? thank you. >> next is north carolina, larry. caller: i feel it was effective in some of the members losing their seats in the recent elections and that is how the american people feel. this has been a one-sided scenario and a set scenario. it should not have happened. i think it was built up from even before trump was inaugurated. the democrats put a full sham

scenario with that russian scenario in front of the american people and it has turned out to be a big lie headed by the gentleman you had on earlier, adam schiff. i cannot listen to him and believe anything that you all talk about in his scenario because he is a liar. host: do you think there was any organization behind the attack on the capital? caller: i believe there were forces that -- the left seems to want to deny that antifa exists. the right was to deny that the proud boys exist? -- exist. and the oath keepers. i think -- host: but antifa was not part of that riot at the capital. caller: how do we know? host: the proud boys are going to trial today and the oath keepers had a trial as well. caller: how do we know?

how do we know that antifa was not involved in some way? as the gentleman said earlier, this is an extremely one-sided scenario that unfortunately everything will not come out until years on the line. host: to david on long island, good morning. caller: good morning. i believe it was ineffective. it was not fair. there was no cross examinations. most of the people on the committees he trump. they are very biased against trump. they are always looking to stop him from reelection. this whole thing is really just a scam and a lot of people calling in that believe this was effective, they do not understand what is really going on. they do not have an interest in looking at the facts. they just believe donald trump

is guilty. there were fbi agents in the white house dressed as trump supporters. it is a fact. they let people into the white house and let them run amok. that is not how you provide security for the president or politicians. you do not provide security by letting in people. trump requested 10,000 troops to be there. they had reporters during the baltimore riots with the buildings burning saying this is peaceful. so these are the people that this information is coming from. host: to texas, miles, you are on the air. caller: you guys are unbelievable. was it effective? it had an effect on me. i watched it. a lot these people calling in are not watching it because it

is not telling them what they want to hear. this is all trump's fault. they set the stuff up in july of 2000 because they knew they would lose. you're not watching it. everyone says it is one-sided. you're not watching it. they are taking tax and phone calls and have all kinds of stuff from these crooks. why don't they put republicans on there? there are two on and because of their careers. the others they wanted to put on were part of the conspiracy. this is a real conspiracy. if you were to watch, a light bob -- a lightbulb michael off. i would indict him on christmas

day. host: that hearing is coming up today at 1:00 eastern. we will have live coverage on c-span. a related story in the wall street journal, georgia grand jury nears end to probe. a criminal investigation into former president trump efforts to overturn his defeat in georgia has had several high-profile witnesses appearing before a special grand jury that is nearing its end. all the panel in atlanta cannot issue indictments, the 23 citizens sitting on it are expected to write a report on their findings, which could include recommendations that indictment be brought. that process could extend into next year, they said. the democrat leading the investigation has failed in several court cases brought by trump allies who try to avoid testifying before the special grand jury. she is not expected to issue a

subpoena to mr. trump for his testimony, a possibility she floated early in the year. michael flynn and senator lindsey graham oath appeared before the grand jury in the past month. rudy giuliani testified this summer. mr. trump's final chief of staff was ordered to testify by south carolina's highest court but has not done so. here's a call from port charlotte, florida. you're on the air. caller: since when in this country do we put protests -- the only one killed was the protester and we put the others that we have spent all this time rounding them up and putting them in prison or in jail -- what kind of country do we have? host: to bob calling from illinois on the gas line, you are on. caller: hello, c-span.

the committee was very effective. however, to me, that is very small compared to when covid-19 was here and thousands died because trump wanted to make sure he got reelected. that is to me 10 times worse, the real act of cruelty, worse than january 6. i was thankful for governor cuomo to come on and bring his state down to before the vaccine and biden came in fighting covid-19. he came into bring that thing down but trump did not. that is so cruel. that is all i have to say.

thank you, c-span. host: this is roll call. the genuine six panel could refer house members to ethics committee. -- january 6 panel could refer house members to ethics committee for ethics investigations since it wraps up the nearly 18 month investigation into the january 6, 2021 attack from the u.s. capitol. chairman bennie thompson told reporters the panel would consider how the ethics can many referral along with votes to approve the final report and send kernel referrals to the department of justice department and other entities, and all of those areas. the committee wrap up effectively comes too late to translate into congressional action as republicans prepare to retake control of the house in january. the final week of congress this week as they have a deadline friday to pass the omnibus spending measure.

next, it is joe. caller: first time caller and i will try to stay focused. i will say listing to a few callers that we can see it is effective in the half-and-half situation. for me, it is not effective, but the caller from north carolina, his viewing of it made it seem so effective and it is news, that is for sure. it does not seem -- it was not effective for me from the beginning because of the restrictions they put on the one side. if you have a debate and want to get information out there and have the public see this, they restricted -- i know other people have called in with the same theme, that they restricted the republicans and nancy pelosi

being off her involvement in this, but the one thing i want to say is i always question what the news has not brought up lately, that if the ted cruz agreeing to the statement by the republican house committee member who had a question about the arizona and questions the arizona electoral ballots, and then ted cruz as a senator -- i cannot find everything i would like to on that subject. i think that was the first time that ever happened. when that happens, i think that was coordinated may timewise if i could find the timeline with the breach of the buildings. that was a nancy pelosi created crisis to avert -- i think it was the first time ever that a senator had signed on because in

2000 with gore-bush and even trump where there was contention , no senator had ever agreed and had not moved forward the process and then the riot started. when they came back, it was a different situation and even the republicans and ted cruz i believe wanted to get through that. host: glad you got through as a first time caller here on washington journal. this is the lead story at thehill.com. january 6 panel dominates this week. we are joined by a congressional reporter with the hill to talk about the meeting today at 1:00 p.m. eastern here and we are hearing about criminal referrals from the committee. how does that work? >> that is one of the biggest things we are expecting at the business meeting. they start at 1:00 p.m. these are recommendations for other bodies to pursue

investigations and probe into specific accusations that members of the panel believe exist and believe should be prosecuted. so a couple things we are looking at, we could see referrals to the department of justice, which several outlets reported last week the committee will be referring former president trump for at least three criminal referrals to the department of justice. that is just a recommendation to the doj to say, this is the evidence we found that the president committed a crime. we think you should recommend that. this is a significant of element in this investigation by the genuine six committee. something to note is these criminal referrals are largely symbolic because the doj is in no way obligated to take up recommendations from correctional committees and we also remember the department of justice is conducting its own simultaneous but separate investigation. while these criminal referrals and other referrals are to the

house ethics committee for republican lawmakers who do not respond to subpoenas, they are important but they are largely symbolic. host: are we expecting any last-minute testimony? guest: it is possible. chairman bennie thompson said there could be new information the public has not yet seen presented at the business meeting. this is the first public presentation from the committee since we last saw them in october. that was when we saw them take a remarkable step in voting to subpoena donald trump. since then, there has been a lot of time and the committee has continued the investigation behind the scenes, bringing in new witnesses who have given new testimony, so i think it is possible that we will see new information presented. host: i just read a story about chairman thompson indicating there could be possible ethics committee referrals as well. what do you know of that?

caller: -- guest: adam schiff told cnn yesterday we will see more information on this line of questioning today. back last year, there were a bunch of republican lawmakers who received subpoenas from the january 6 committee, including minority leader kevin mccarthy, but they never responded to these subpoenas or acted on the request for documentation and testimony, so the question around washington was, what will happen to those five lawmakers who did not respond to subpoenas? one avenue the committee could go down is referring them to the house ethics committee, keeping this issue within the capital and not sending it to another agency but just sending it to a congressional committee. that is a possibility that is on the table. adam schiff said yesterday that is one of the avenues they were looking at to deal with the five lawmakers. we will find out what happens today.

host: the ethics committee would be one of the few committees that still would be bipartisan going into the republican dominated house. guest: that is an interesting prospect here to see if the committee will want to further look into these allegations. it will be within a republican majority in the house, which could set up roadblocks in terms of the entire climate within the capital for the ethics committee, but it would be a significant step, these five lawmakers got one of whom is running for speaker and could be speaker the next congress cannot be referred to the ethics committee for such a public thing and when i say public i mean in the public spotlight and known to the american people and very prevalent through the capital. it would be a remarkable step. host: the final report is going to be issued. we hear could ba.1 thousand page report. will this be a report that sits

on a dusty shelf somewhere or does the committee have further publication plans? guest: the report is set to come out wednesday. chairman thompson told us last week -- things are moving quickly, but it will likely be sent out as a link with a press release and the public will gain access to the report. the basics of what we know, it will have a summary, each chapters, and other attachments. that is with the chairman told us. it is also likely the report will include several things we already heard through -- today will be the 10th public presentation from the committee. the report will finally become public, of able to the public wednesday, and a select committee has said at the end of the business meeting there will be a preview of the summary, so we will begin to see the massive body of work the committee has been working on. in terms of length, we asked the

chairman last week. he will not budge. in terms of length, we will have to wait and see how many pages we will be shifting through. -- sifting through. host: follow her coverage of this and other stories at thehill.com. guest: thanks for having me. host: a reminder to all our viewers and listeners, our live coverage of the january 6 final hearing coming up today at 1:00 p.m. eastern live on c-span, on c-span radio, and via the free mobile app, c-span now. let's get more calls on our opening question about the committee. roy, thanks for waiting. caller: i agree with the previous caller. note senator would sign off on it but we knew after this election that there were several

congressmen and senator cruz were going to challenge the election in five states. this whole thing was to stop that challenge from going forward. that's conspiracy we are not talking about. all of this was orchestrated to stop that. trump has had hundreds of gatherings of people that have never ended in violence. you refused to show rate ups telling people to go into the capital and a trump supporter saying he was a fed. a guy named john sullivan who was there when the young lady was killed, he was a trump hater but he was there with trump gear on. this whole thing was a conspiracy to stop the challenge to the election and not the transfer of power, but we are

not looking at that. look at all of the cops that allowed the people to go in, opening doors and taking down barriers and letting people in. host: we wrap up our first hour of calls here on "washington journal." up next, tevi troy will be with us talking about presidents working with divided congresses and preview how the white house will work in a completely divided government. later, the executive vice president for the robert wood johnson foundation talks about the outlook for the tripledemic of covid, the flu, and rsv. ♪

>> sunday, january 1 on in-depth, are officer will be talking about revolution, and incarceration in america. most recently his book, the greatest evil is war. join the conversation with your calls, facebook comments, texts and tweets good in-depth with chris hedges, sunday, january 1 on book tv at noon. ♪

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where you stand on the issues, c-span is america's network, unfiltered, unbiased, word for word. if it happens here or here or anywhere that matters, america is watching on c-span, powered by cable. >> "washington journal" continues. we are joined by tevi troy at the bipartisan policy center talking about presidents and divided congress. you are with the bipartisan policy center, what is your organization's purpose and mission? guest: i the presidential leadership -- i have the presidential leadership initiative to talk about how important it is to maintain the relevance and respect for the office in this time of political

turmoil. working for freedom and against fascism on the right and socialism on the left. we strive for bipartisan solutions. host: what do you think of the leadership challenges right now for president joe biden coming into this divided government? guest: biden has a number of sniffing it challenges. he has lost control of the house so that will be very interesting. the senate remains very closely divided, although they did gain one seat. we have an economy where people are very concerned about what is going on and the rise of authoritarian nations, including russia and china. biden, as we all know, is a little aged and it seems like a very tough time to deal with a lot of challenges. jimmy carter said he didn't think he could do the presidency

at an age much older than he was at the time. host: our guest is the author of several books. you are a presidential historian and in working with the george w. bush administration, what does history tell us about, especially this close, divided governments and presidents being able to function and lead during closely divided governments? guest: we have had many periods of closely divided government in our history. we generally don't like it when there is one party dominant. if you are going to be a successful leader, you have to figure out how to navigate during a period of divided government and get things done. host: is part of the problem they are banging the drum for their side as opposed to working together?

guest: yes, politicians are always banging the drug for the -- banging the drama for the next election -- banging the drama for the next election. i never have people have talked about c-span and transparency and legislators can't have it behind the scenes negotiation if everything is on camera because they go home and get yelled at fort negotiating with the people other side. host: what are the motivations, particularly for the minority group, in a divided government scenario? guest: i like to look at orrin hatch and ted kennedy. they found ways to work together because they knew if they didn't work together, things wouldn't get done.

the legislators who recognize working with the other side is the only way to pass significant, long-standing legislation that can stand the test of time, those legislators were willing to make changes and recognize the other side has a different effective and wants to pass things that will help the american people. those legislators are more likely to get things done. host: you think there are enough of those today? guest: we have a new congress so it is hard to tell. i think right now we are in a particular partisan time. i don't think it will last forever. who knows what will emerge on the political landscape. people think in straight-line extrapolations and think what happens now is going to continue in the same way uninterrupted. that is not the way it has worked in american history. host: we are talking about

governing in a divided government as the republicans take control of the u.s. house in the 118th congress. we welcome your calls. republicans (202) 748-8001, democrats (202) 748-8000, independents and others? , 202-748-8003. [video clip] >> you said you don't need to do anything differently. if republicans control the house , don't you need to recalibrate to some extent to work across the aisle and a republican led house?

pres. biden: i don't have to change the policies i have already passed. that is what they said they want to go after. i just said i have a pen that can veto. i don't have to recalibrate whether i'm going to continue to fund the infrastructure bill or continue to fund the environment, etc.. i hope -- i think there is growing pressure on the part of the american people, expecting both parties and all elements of both parties to work out there differences and not just, i'm not going to do that because it would benefit that party, by making it personal. it remains to be seen what the makeup of the house will be, but

i am hopeful that kevin and i can work out how we will proceed with one another. host: is the president to optimistic their -- there? guest: he seems little tired in that clip and it is distressing. one thing i have been disturbed by with president biden is he often talks a good game of bipartisanship but he has done a couple of things that have been a finger in the eye of republicans, the bolt letter and ultra mag a stuff. i think he needs to take some steps himself to make sure he is not unnecessarily alienating the other side when he works to make those deals. i like that he talked about the likely speaker to be, kevin mccarthy. i am optimistic in the second

part of his first term he will try and avoid some of the sharper comments he made in the first two years. host: you mentioned the bipartisan work and pointed out examples of ted kennedy in orrin hatch, what do you think the characters of those men and women like them that allowed them to work in that manner, not really regarding worrying about the media and public could assist him they may get back home? guest: i don't think it is the media they are worried about so much as i think they are worried about primary challenge. i heard the description of congress as 400 members much more worried about a primary challenge from the left if they are a democrat or right if they are republican in never losing an election in november. i don't think ted kennedy ever worried about losing a primary

and orrin hatch didn't worry about losing the republican primary in utah. that is a change we have seen, the parties have lost our. -- lost power. it is much harder for them to be able to make those bipartisan across the aisle deals without facing these challenges. host: tevi troy it is with us and is written books and has published in the wall street journal. your opinion piece the -- pieces are among the leaders that help make the american story. there was the lighting of the national menorah and what was your point about hanukkah in the wall street journal? guest: i know people talk about christmas and traditions but it was important to point out that

we have almost 200 years of hanukkah traditions that are part of the american story. that is why i wanted to point that out. there is a presidential history that defined cases of presence referring to hanukkah. i think it is very encouraging in terms of talking about how the america story is a story of multiple nations coming together and feeling comfortable maintaining their traditions but still being part of the larger american nation. host: we saw and last night's event at the mo, attorney general -- at the mall, attorney general merrick garland spoke to the crowd. the more secular america comes, does it get harder to show your faith in public as an elected

official or a government official period? guest: i think it gets easier. i did an analysis of the states of unit addresses and presidential inauguration addresses and i found that in the last century the presidents were more likely to cite the bible than they were in the first of our republic. i think there is comfort in looking to religious traditions. my own expense in the bush white house was they couldn't have been more accommodating of my own religious customs. the white house is a tough environment but they respected the fact that i took a day off for sabbath. the white house waiters knew what i was going to order that were legitimate for a jewish person to eat. i found a very accommodating environment and that is something we can celebrate. host: the scope first to larry

in st. joseph, missouri talking about the divided government. -- let's go first to larry in st. joseph, missouri talking about the divided government, democrat. caller: we are talking about a split congress, republicans controlling the house and the democrats controlling the senate a little bit. what is going to happen if republicans and democrats can't get along but the house of representatives, even the republicans can't get along with themselves? how do you see that creating more conflict in the trying to get legislation passed? thank you and you all have a merry christmas and happy hanukkah. host: so the divided caucus,

somewhat, and the challenge kevin mccarthy has hitting elected speaker. guest: i think it creates some unusual alliances. we have had many years that a republican speaker won't bring a bill to the floor unless it has the support of the republican majority caucus. if speaker mccarthy feels he doesn't get reliable votes from his own caucus, you might have a bill or debt ceiling, i will work with democrats if republicans won't give me the votes i need to get where i want to go. once you have these alliances break traditional lines, will see things pass that you would normally see past. host: wanda on the republican line, good morning. caller: i would like to know all

of this programming about anti-trump and he is going to go on trial, i want to know when does the defendant, trump, get to speak? a trial without a defendant and i just saw biden in his face but no mainstream media watches, when does trump get to have his day? host: wanda picking up on the previous our cost -- our's -- hour's conversation. guest: there were some bipartisan aspects to it but it would have been better off if they had gone in a more traditional bipartisan way, letting the republicans for their people. i know there were some people the republicans wanted to bring

on that the democrats didn't think were cooperative, but that is what happens. i am not sure the committee it advance the cause of bipartisanship. host: history indicated that people think a divided government they think stalemate. is that usually the case? guest: sometimes divided government leads to some real steps forward. look at bill clinton after the republicans took over in 1994, we had welfare reform, a balanced budget act, at only reducing the deficit but the debt. we haven't thought about that in 40 years, unfortunately. also, ronald reagan never had a republican house and it didn't always have a republican senate, and he was able to get things done legislatively by working across the aisle.

host: from a historical perspective, do you think there are items president biden could use to his advantage working with republicans on something like immigration reform? guest: immigration reform is quite contentious so i wouldn't put that on the first list, but reorienting how we think about china, for example, is one thing we could do. working on telemedicine and all sorts of medical approaches that were exposed during the pandemic that are actually helpful. cybersecurity is something both parties could get behind, so i think there could be work on what both parties don't see as the most contentious or partisan issues. host: let's hear from richard in oceanside, california, democrats line. caller: merry christmas.

thank you for taking my call. i wanted to mention historical perspective you said a minute ago and presidents in divided congress is a good topic. i am an old guy now and i think about the times of the early 1960's and john kennedy and a fellow you might know about who was in russia at the time. he was a bit of a rebel but notorious for decrying that the common folks would bury ourselves. he said we will not bury you and you will bury yourselves. he was on the podium of the u.n. i saw him bang his fist and make

a lot of trouble. i think he was right. i wanted historically what the gentleman thinks about that. john kennedy was able to get things done and ronald reagan was able to get things done but i am losing hope we will ever do that again. the german commented that things do go up and down, but i know a lot of people in san diego -- the gentleman commented that things do go up and down but i know a lot of people in san diego who are radical. guest: that was a really interesting question. khrushchev was an antagonist of the u.s. and did warn the u.s. that we have real challenges, and i do think our biggest challenges are internal.

we do things to ourselves that our enemies may not be capable of doing. but that doesn't mean that the current partisan situation we are in is always going to be as partisan as it is now. i think they go in waves the historical perspective changes. you look back to the 1990's when clinton was president and people look at it as hyper partisan and there was no way of getting along and now we look back to the 1990's as a good time. sometimes the struggle perspectives -- the historical perspectives change things when you look back. host: and he had the majority in the u.s. house. guest: he did and they passed something and working with clinton was the most effective strategy for getting stuff done, especially with the welfare bill and the balanced budget act. host: let's hear from sergio in pompano beach, florida,

independent line. caller: my question is this, i have a couple of things that i am confused about, particularly the republicans. i don't understand why they are not getting along and trying to get things done, particularly with kevin mccarthy trying to become speaker of the house. that causes confusion to meet as well as kyrsten sinema now became an independent, turning on her own party and the party that made her. i don't understand how we can fix these problems to make this country better. from what i know, democrats and

republicans are supposed to be working together for this country and i don't understand why it is going out of control, especially the ukraine situation and china. what can we do to correct those situations to go after former president trump for what he has done? what can we do about it? host: a couple of things on the plate. guest: in terms of ukraine, i think it has been somewhat encouraging. it is terrible what the russians did but they are not been performing impressively militarily. an article talked about the blunders the russians made. the tactics on the air and ground aren't working and reveals they are a bit of a paper tiger so that is encouraging. in terms of kyrsten sinema, the

democrats have been incredibly harsh on her, even though she was 93% supportive of president eitan and didn't want to bust up the filibuster. credit to her, -- president eitan and it didn't want to bust of the filibuster. credit to her for that. i recognize she is switching to become an independent because i don't think she could win a democratic primary in arizona so she sees a pathway to stay in the senate going the independent route, something like joe lieberman in the past. for kevin mccarthy, it is true there are a core of five republican members who are never kevin but there was a report this morning about how the republicans, who are not those five, are working to shore up kevin mccarthy and they are nothing but kevin carthy and the key is doing a good job of

trying to make sure he has the vast majority of the publicans. he needs that -- majority of the republicans. he needs that to become speaker. host: jerry, publican line -- republican line. caller: i don't have any questions, just because i don't trust anything i hear on any news broadcast or any political talk or anything like that. when you have an illegitimate president and you have stolen an election from 100 million people and you want to know why there is no bipartisanship. how can you treat that many people and then go after your opponents and try to lock them up and smear them? another point is that i think the main problem with america is the media. i think if people turn their tv's off and there was no more

television come this country would flourish and there would not be near as many problems. as far as the january 6 debacle, you had the trump people at the rally and that they show up at the capitol and there is already a right going on. you have police officers letting them come in. trump offered the national guard. nancy pelosi is in charge of that. she should have allowed it and called for it. host: several things there, and to be clear, nancy pelosi does not have control of the national guard and the district of columbia. guest: he is mentioning a number of concerns that republicans have. trump had 74 million votes out of 100 million votes and some the to be aware of.

i think he is onto something when he talks about a larger level of people distress with the media, not feeling they are getting a fair shake from the media. as you have the alternative media sources, and then you have republican not watching the new york times a reading new york times and the new york times says our fan base are 90% liberal, so they service who the readers are. i think it does affect the product. i think the new york times since i have read it since the kid has gone in a more liberal direction and you feel that they are trying to force it on you, whether in the sports pages or cultural or news pages. i would like to get back to more of a hard news situation where the reporters report the facts and don't see themselves as actors in a play. host: what you think is behind

that with the media organizations, that more in your words an agenda behind the reporting? guest: i think the new york times recognizes it has a lot of power and sway and they use that in order to shape the narrative. i think it has backfired against them. it used to be everyone of the key leads on both sides of the aisle read the new york times but now you see republicans who say they don't even read it and i am surprised at my democratic france who don't read it. they harmed deaf -- democrats who don't read it. they harmed themselves because they feel like they are activists. you do see some pushback. we saw some of this at the washington post where the newsroom said we are support -- supposed to report the facts and let's speak to that. 2 chris -- host: chris is on the

democrat line. caller: you mentioned the bush administration was accommodating to religion. i think we are too accommodating to religion. we have people going to the supreme court under the shroud of religious beliefs trying to deny people services and you have evangelical teachers out there using political speech and getting tax free benefits for being a nonprofit entity. who decides what is "religious cortical and why they should have the benefit they are allowed -- religious" and why they should have the benefit they are allowed?

host: finish your thought. caller: what is the difference between religious leaf and simple thoughts, for example, if i believed in being against gay marriage, but i was not religious, another person who is religious can use that as an excuse to nine service because of their religious believe. who decides what is religious leaf and why it should it -- really just belief -- religious belief and why should they get that? guest: we have religious exercise freedom in the first amendment. people are allowed to exercise their religious believes and when you get the question of who decides, ultimately things get too complex and they are the most difficult and challenging questions, they ultimately go to

the supreme court and that is how we decide it. this country has accommodations for religion and i am happy we have these kinds of accommodations. there are ways in which the state has an interest in limiting certain accommodations. for example, you can't have everyone say we can't join the military because of religious leaves. -- religious beliefs. there are things the state has to do in order to maintain an effective state. for example, if you had religious people say they didn't believe in paying taxes, i don't think that would work. host: this is from the washington post and the headline on the menorah lighting, fear in the festival antisemitic text has made juice -- jews anxious.

what do you think is going on? guest: i am extremely concerned about the rise of anti-semitism in the last recent years. you are seeing attacks on people in the streets in brooklyn, graffiti and elite high schools in mug armory county where i live. you are seeing kanye west talking in hysterical anti-jewish ways and having dinner with the former resident of the united states. it seems like there is an emergence from the left and the right and i think each political party asked to say, it is just on the left or just on the right , but it is happening in multiple places and is very stirring. -- very disturbing. antisemitism comes up when people are in distress or worried.

one of the earliest signals is antisemitism. host: do you think the former president missed the opportunity to avoid that conversation and secondly to more strenuously reject the beliefs of kanye west? guest: i think he should have objected to them more strenuously but should not have set to dinner with him and had the others with them. we need to get -- speak out against it whether you are a republican or a democrat. it is wrong. there was a piece in the wall street journal that only two people have been prosecuted for beating up jews. republicans should speak out about that. host: let's hear from cy on the

republican line. caller: speaking of antisemitism, i feel that the members of congress are antisemitic on the left. the squad and a number of others that are aligned with the squad have ultimately been anti-israel and anti-jew and also the democrats have moved so far left , i don't see how the two sides can ever compromise. i feel the left has become so woke that they allow things like letting people out of jail, rapists, murderers in some of these so-called progressive cities. they are so diametrically opposed, i don't see how they can ever work across the aisle.

joe biden said he would bring people together, the opposite is true. thank you very much. guest: there is a good book out by my friend called woke antisemitism which talks about this phenomenon of will is an and antisemitism going -- this wokism and antisemitism going hand in hand. they can make compromises and knowing that the squad and others will not be a part of those come from rising -- compromises. host: going back to the history of the divided government, jimmy

carter was the last who had complete unity during his four years as president. has that helped or hurt him? he didn't get reelected, that is one way to view it. guest: he didn't get reelected and has one of the worst reputations of any president. it is not necessarily the best thing to have the government of one party for your entire term. one of the things carter did wrong was alienate his own democratic numbers of congress. he famously didn't provide enough tickets for the inauguration for the speaker of the house and his legislative staff would tell him to bring members of congress to the white house to play tennis or do -- or to watch a movie and he would do it and then leave and not talk to them after and say it, well i

played tennis with them or did a movie but that is not what his staff wanted. he was just not great at doing it. host: let's get ann in maine on the democrats line. caller: two point, one is the media, like the washington post and new york times, do include right-wing columnists routinely, so i would like to point that out. more importantly, i would like to point out the overturning of the constitutional protections from religion. it protects us from the imposition of religious doctrine and practice by the state, but for decades the hub of the network funnels money from big

donors to dubious antidemocratic entities and he has been the architect of the supreme court which has the majority of people who are basically races white ring extremists who are overturning our constitutional rights under the influence of church doctrine. that is not just the supreme court, that is just in the judiciary across the country. he has been a useful man to people who have a lot of money and who have aggregated that money through unfair among undemocratic economic injustice, and they are using it to really overturn what we know is american democracy. at ranges from the supreme court

to groups involved in the insurrection. host: we will hear from our guest. guest: there are conservative columnists at the washington post and washington -- new york times and there should be. i am talking about when you're ideology affects the news pages. the recognition is you should have a straight down the middle news page and the editorials will reflect right or left and that is a better way to go about it. in terms of leonard leo, he is one of the chief strategist at the federalist society and has indeed tried to promote a certain type of originalist judge. there was a long time with accords in general do not believe in the idea of originalism and the judges felt they could make things up according to it they felt was

the right policy. leonard leo and the federalist society of undertaking a revolution saying let's look back to the constitution to determine what judges should decide when they are looking at cases. even justice kagan said we are all originalists now and that is what we do and look at the text. that is an important step forward in american history and i would reject the negative characteristics she mentioned of leonard. 2 next -- host: next from maryland on the democrat line. caller: the thing with kanye west talking to donald trump, isn't his son in law, jared kushner, religiously judaism? that doesn't go with the diplomatic's of it. host: what is your question

about jared kushner? caller: i think he is going to be upset, is this not going to affect the relationship? host: i am not clear on his question. we will go to john in pennsylvania, good morning. caller: the gentleman who said the squad is anti-israel. i would probably say they're not anti-israel, they are probably calling out israel for how their violating international courts, particularly with the settlements on the west bank. that is my main point there. and how the palestinians are forced to travel and what they go through and they are creating it and perpetuating it. the fact that i say that doesn't make me anti-israel and a friend of israel, i am stating fact and

they are bringing that to light which i don't see a problem with. guest: there is a distinction being critical of policies of the israeli government and being anti-semitic. there are some things when omar talked about it is all about the benjamin which plays into jewish stereotypes, that crosses the line into antisemitism. if you just talk about the government it does not make you anti-semitic. there's been a lot of debate about what level of criticism the israeli government is equivalent to antisemitism, and the famous person who left the soviet union who is in prison and is now in israel, he said if you are demonizing israel and having double standards how you compare the human rights records to other countries who are worse and you don't criticize the other countries, that is when you are bleeding into anti-semitism.

simple criticism of the government isn't antisemitism but when you demonize or have double standards, that is when you are going over the line. host: the trump administration's the moving of the u.s. embassy in israel, it was the most change in israel policy? guest: this gets back to the idea i have talked about straight line extrapolation. you think things will always continue the way they are and then you have a real paradigm shift in their is recognition is not just the middle east conflict, meaning israel and palestinians but conflicts and the abraham accords helped solve some of those between israel and the gulf arab states and other states as well. i think this can help shift things in a positive direction

in the future so we can eventually have some peace deal with the israelis and palestinians they recognize there are benefits to be had by making a peace deal with israel. host: thank you for being here. happy hanukkah to you and your family. guest: thank you. happy holidays to all. host: dr. julie morita, executive vice president of the robert wood johnson foundation will be talking about the winter outlook for the triple epidemic, the covid, flu and r s v. up next is open forum. republicans, the line is (202) 748-8001, democrats (202) 748-8000, and for independents and others, (202) 748-8002. we will be right back.

♪ >> the 118th congress convenes on tuesday, january 3 at noon eastern. for the first time, they will return as a divided government. the republicans control the house of representatives and the democrats have a slim majority in the senate. the average age is 47, compared to 57 in the previous. it is more diverse with the record number of women serving, including women of color. watch as a gavel into session and hold the elections for speaker of the house. new congress, new leaders. watch the opening day tuesday, january 3 at noon eastern live on c-span and c-span2, also on c-span now, our free mobile video app or online at

c-span.org. >> today, the january 6 committee will hold its last meeting ahead of the wednesday release of the final report on the attack of the u.s. capitol. you can much live on c-span, c-span now, or online at c-span.org. be sure to watch the past hearings in their entirety anytime online at c-span.org/january 6. >> "washington journal" continues. host: it is open forum, a chance for you to call and talk about items in the news, public policy, and what we are talking about or something else you are following. it is (202) 748-8001 four republicans, (202) 748-8000 for

democrats, and for independents and others (202) 748-8002. gop say the trump elect billy problem is behind support -- electability problem is behind support. a general -- they say the disappointing result of the 2022 midterm elections in which several high-profile trump-endorsed candidates lost races reinforced the view that trump doesn't appeal to independent and moderate gop voters. it said trumps expanding legal problems and gas give the republican rivals ammunition to use in the 20 for primary and have only increased the trump fatigue people feel and are increasingly willing to go public with concerns, we win general elections when we bring independents with us.

that is the reason why you are seeing the polls suggest we have a number of individuals who will get more votes than trump in the general election and that will drive the determination who we bring as our candidate. let's get to calls in open forum. let's go to paul in yuma, arizona, democrats line. i am having problems punching your line. go ahead. caller: good morning, everyone. i have been sitting here listening about the january 6 when we get the referrals and i have never heard such ignorance in my life. it is quite obvious they didn't watch hearing and they heard and

people was there and i heard donald trump didn't tell them to go there and must be so innocent. this last kite you had on, his bias was so obvious and he is supposed to work for a nonpartisan think tank? he said carter was the last administration that had a decent congress or whatever and then newt gingrich got elected in the late 1970's, and his whole shtick at the time of being a junior congressman was no compromise ever. he succeeded and by 1994 he was speaker and we have had zero compromise ever since. so people want to know why we have divided government, go back and look at new ingrates -- newt gingrich. republicans went to religion instead of politics and now they are more religious party on the right than they are a political

party. they will do nothing in the next two years, watch. host: next up is jackson heights, dan, on the independent line. caller: your previous speaker just floored me. there is anti-semitism, people against jews and there are people who are against the state of israel being imposed on the region, and there are people who just criticize israel, whether they are mostly jews inform countries. this conflation of the three related to israel and you have to abide by israeli policies and if you are an american, criticizing israel, whether on a big or small thing, fundamental thing or policy issue, you are

automatically labeled and anti-semite. this just completely feeds the antisemitism position, because they want to claim that any criticism of israel is anti-semitism. if you read the official jewish press, that is exactly how they put it. but if he speak to most in israel, they consider american jews as the most and israel. the two -- the most anti-israel. you are not an into some of -- not an anti-semite if you criticize what they do to some arabs. it is outrageous that no one challenged him on that and you didn't challenge him. host:. is diana in arizona on the democrat line. caller: i wanted to mention with

the january 6 committee, they allowed secondhand testimony and hearsay and in court that is not allowed. it was never mentioned that someone took down the do not enter science at the capitol before the crowd went down. i think if i went down -- do not enter signs at the capitol before the crowd went down. host: some people used weapons and flagpoles to break the doors to get in. you saw that video, right? caller: i thought it like when they went in they got the flagpoles and use them as weapons, and that is wrong they should be held accountable. host: we have the hearing of the

select committee coming up today at 1:00 eastern, live on c-span. you can follow online at c-span. org and on the free c-span now mobile app. this is from cbs news headline, joe manchin says i have no intentions of changing parties as of now. he was a guest on face the nation. [video clip] >> you said you consider yourself stickley an independent. do you see an advantage to becoming unaffiliated and becoming an independent? sen. manchin: let's see how these two pieces of deflation are historic and how they play out. if people are trying to stop something for doing something so good because of politics, let's see how that plays out and i will let you know later what i decide to do. right now i have no intentions

of changing etc. working for the people and making sure our country is energy secured. that means national security will be the superpower. i won't rely on other countries for delivering energy for what we need for our economy and defense of our country. >> that sounds a little bit like winning the democratic leaders you are considering something in the future. you said let's see. sen. manchin: they know how independent i am. i don't think the democrats have all the answers. i don't think the republicans are always wrong and vice versa. where i come from is how do i survive and make a better multi-life can extend to more people. host: it is open forum on "washington journal." (202) 748-8001 for republicans,

(202) 748-8000 for democrats, (202) 748-8002 for independents and others. go ahead, your next. caller: i am concerned at the current interpretation of the second amendment. the object of the second amendment that originally was to raise an army because we had an army. to prove that, right after the second amendment was passed, the clause of the constitution says a well regulated militia and they passed the militia act to give those regulations. it said nothing about a personal right to carry arms or any of this junk to keep talking about. please check after that and you will know that you have been

sold a bill of goods. that is all i have to say about that. host: joan is calling from cleveland, republican line. caller: and a couple points i would like to put through. yes, we did have the january 6 insurrection and that was our people. as far as i am concerned, we have an insurrection at the border and joe biden should be impeached for that. there is no accountability for where these people go, no ids, and all of that should be put onto them as soon as they put into the country. so you don't know who is who living in your area, and i just think it is wrong the way they are doing it and i am one of those that tell all the grandmas , remember, our guys fought for

us. i think biden is misunderstanding the whole point. also about the fentanyl, if his son would have gotten some of that fentanyl from over the border, hunter biden, believe me joe biden would have stopped these people from coming in, because every time i hear on tv it is something about his son. if it is not something about that sent it is the other son. all i have -- that son, it is about the other son. there was a show called dragnet on with joe friday, and he always told everyone, just the facts. that is all i want, just the facts. i watched the first one of the january 6 and i was all of this back and forth, i could not

believe it. it is out of control. again, i just want to repeat, if all of our money is going to foreign countries and they are allowing their people to come here, then we should stop giving them money automatically. i hope everyone has a happy holiday. host: buffalo new york, david, democrats line. caller: the current inflation rate is just a little over 2% for the last six months in the first six month of the year, the inflation rate was over 11%. year-to-date over the hear of the inflation rate is seven point -- 7.1% but the last six months, the inflation rate is over 2%.

powell is aware of this, he is a life long republican. he wants to cause an inflation. he wants to cause an -- k recession because his policies --a recession because his policies to slow down inflation, the last six months, the actual inflation rate is little over 2% for the last six months and the first six months, it was over 11 -- host: this is from politico. pat toomey --'s advice to federman, " don't kill the filibuster." >> these are the obvious things but these are important.

listen to your constituents. what is great about pennsylvania, the proximity to washington meant that i got a lot of visits. people can make their case so i had innumerable in-person meetings with every kind of group of pennsylvanian. you learn an awful lot when used -- when you meet with constituents and you made learned that your assumptions may not be valid. the other thing i would urge and i did urge my democratic colleagues and i would extend this to senator elect federman, don't blow up the senate by destroying the filibuster. that would be terrible for america and the government and the senate. it will lead to a radical increase in polarization and volatility. it would be a bad idea. host: from pistorius -- astoria,

illinois. caller: the borderline of the united states and this wednesday and other than that, they should not bring them all in different areas. we should back in 1944, the democrat did overrun the voting stand dislike they have been doing. and my on the air -- am i going dr -- am i going the air? -- dear --on the air? host: democrats line.

caller: i was listening to the first segment and you were talking about the insurrection that occurred in january on capitol hill and it was unbelievable how many people choose not to call it what it was or believe what it was. what i want to say is, if it were anybody else, other than who we saw on that television screen on january the sixth, it would been a different outcome. i want to say that the problem but the government and the people in this country his the lack of morals -- is the lack of morals and integrity and respect for one another. host: gary is calling from new hampshire on the democrats on --

line. caller: happy holidays. i want to comment on the hearing i was watching about gun violence. i hope when republicans take control of the house, i hope that they do something and come up with a result on high-powered rifles and high-power magazines. they owe it to the victims of the shooting and they owe it to the country. it is about time something got done. there is no need for the gun violence. those ar 15's are made for the military and not for civilian life on the street. host: it is over form on the washington -- open forum on the washington journal. (202) 748-8001 for republicans. (202) 748-8000 for democrats.

(202) 748-8002 for independents. the 1.7 trillion omni bust spending measure -- the current measure expires on friday. congress braces for a hectic year and week. it wasn't always this way. on november 19, 2002, senate confirmed a federal judge passed a resolution funding the government created the homeland security. the chamber closed doors in the senate did not come into session until the new congress was sworn in. it is how things are supposed to work but it is how inks no longer work. -- things no longer work. lawmakers are expected to be in town friday.

they may work part of the last week of the year and some important business is on the verge of being negotiated. if this has been a period -- a productive two years overall, rational leaders have waited until deep into the holiday season to assemble bills and they have used it as legislative christmas trees, attaching unrelated measures. marlene, good morning to you. caller: that c-span -- reference to student loan issues. this is the backbone of our country. the student loan boris like teachers -- borrowers like teachers and the president situation is fraudulent and too many mistakes and needs to start from scratch.

i have called the supreme court because i have several rights and i have been tapped. i don't care. people deserve a better road, especially with student loan bartering -- borrowing. i was wondering if you could contact the correct people to get this bill passed before you leave for the holidays. it will be a wonderful gesture. host: mary elizabeth calling from you -- new york city. caller: happy holidays to everyone. i have a questions -- a couple questions to reiterate. people are talking about january 6 and the former president not being able to speak. we have to remember that was a hearing, not a trial. the former president would only

have a trial if he was indicted for the various acts that occurred as a result of january 6. the other thing is that i respect people's admiration for the former president because many of them probably formed their thoughts about him based on watching him in the apprentice. we have to remember that the same time he had the television program fee apprentice where people probably thought he was a wonderful business executive, he was running his corporation and getting money from deutsche bank and the only people he could get money from were the russians. people having their ideas about his relationship with mr. putin, and mr. putin's revenge for the

expiration of the union and his aspect of revanche, -- we have -- -- revenge, we have to ask questions about whether there was informed influence and the problems we are having as a result of the election of the former president and the fact that he has refused to accept the results of the 2020 election. host: thanks for the call. you probably heard the twitter paul elon musk put out. " should i step down as head of twitter? i will abide by the results of this poll." the results aren't fully in but reporting this, twitter users both for elon musk to resign as ceo. elon musk appeared to quit

running twitter monday after more than 10 million voters voted for him to step down after two months after fighting for their social media platform. the new york post writes " voting ended just before 6:20 p.m." " that met more than 10 million bowlers -- voters wanting twitter not to be run by elon musk." the wheezes on the republican line in fredericksburg -- louise is on republican line in fredericksburg. caller: i wanted to say i have

wondering when -- and wondering when the ukrainian people -- i am wondering when the ukrainian people will wake up and understand the president has led them to disruption -- destruction and i am wondering are they so stupid? is this a senile country? what is wrong with them? there president has led their country into disruption -- destruction and i don't know what else to say. they need to get rid of him but of course, he has banned all opposition, close down television stations and newspapers. there is no way they can get anything brought -- but propaganda out of his mouth.

he is an evil person. very devilish. host: georgia on the independent line. kennesaw, georgia. go ahead. caller: hyatt, bill --hi, bill. i am an independent and i am an independent and i'm watching everybody -- i am an independent and i am watching everybody. republicans are always putting the guns and putting all this crazy information on the internet. it is like, come on, guys. you have to choose right when you see it and it is obvious. that is all i got to say. host: thanks for being a first time caller. there will be it for open forum. more ahead of the -- on the

program. dr. julie morita, the executive vice president for the robert wood johnson foundation. she was talking about the winter outlook for the so-called tripledemic -- she will be talking about the winter outlook for the so-called tripledemic. >> preorder your copy of the congressional directory for the 118 congress. it is your access to the federal government with bio and contact information for every house and senate member, important information on rational committees, federal agencies and state governors. scanned the code on your right to preorder your copy. it is $29.95. shipping and handling. -- plus shipping and handling. >> book tv every weekend on c-span two features leading

authors discussing their books. kerry greenidge discusses her book. economist -- alters his thoughts -- of our lifetime with this book make a threat. he is interviewed by a wall street journal senior writer. watch book tv every weekend on c-span two. in full schedule on the program time or watch online anytime at booktv.org. >> listening to programs on c-span through c-span radio got easier. tell your smart speaker play c-span radio app and listen to washington journal, important congressional hearings and other

public affairs through the day. text washington today for stories. tell your smart speaker play c-span radio app. --c-span radio. host: our guest is dr. julie morita who works at the robert wood johnson foundation. she is here to talk about the winter outlook for the flu, covid and rsv. i think the headline in u.s. today health says everyone and their brother is sick. pandemic altered patterns making flu and covid-19 and the rsp makes seem harsher. what are you seeing?

guest: it is right. typically, this is a hard time for people with respiratory illnesses but because of the pandemic and the lack of intermittent -- people are getting more susceptible to getting viruses. we are getting hit hard with covid and influenza and rsv. host: the new york time has a chart which shows -- times has a chart which shows that 23, the spike in respiratory illness cases as opposed to the previous three years, is it a case where the flu is a worse flu that we have seen any previous strains -- in previous strains? guest: it is a question people

want to know. what we typically see what and flush and -- with influenza is the peak is generally later. people have time to get vaccinated and have their immune response develop. this year, influenza started rising earlier and fewer people got vaccinated. the number of people -- got infected easily. the strains circulating is a strain that is predominant and is well matched with the vexing. people who are vaccinated will get protection. many people in the united states were not vaccinated before can -- it came. guest: tell us -- host: tell us about rsv.

why is it worse this year than previous years? guest: it is a [indiscernible] they would know that the virus will be circulating and will cause young children and babies to get very sick and they get really runny noses and it leads to respiratory infections and coughing. while most infections cause nasal injection -- babies have more problems breathing and wheezing and many of them require hospitalizations in this particular virus is -- and this particular virus is not a new virus but we haven't seen best -- the activity in past years and a lot of little ones have

been hospitalized. one in 70's last -- 70 babies less than six months in age have been hospitalized. host: people are gathering for a family and office events. what is your best guidance for people who are concerned with other people and their own health, whether they are evidencing a cough? guest: i think we have learned to the pandemic. we know things that can prevent these verses. -- viruses. we have been wearing masks and doing social distance he and we have seen a drop in influenza and other infections because those things work for covid and other infections. one of the messages we need to reinforce is that when people

are sick, they need tuesday home. they shouldn't socialize because no matter what it is, whether it is covid, you can transmit it to others. there are some people who cannot be protected well through vaccine so it is not fair to them so stay home when you are sick. if you have underlying health conditions that make things more likely to get sick with a serious infection like, if you are elderly are young or your immune system doesn't work well, avoiding public safety -- spaces and places with poor ventilation and wearing a mask is important. there are things that have been underscored in terms of how effective they can be during the pandemic and we know moving forward with other infections, they can be effective. host: dr. julie morita is with

us. we are talking about the winter outlook with the flu and rsv. our lines for, for those of you in the eastern and central time zones, (202) 748-8000. if you are in the mountain regions, (202) 748-8001. if you have a question for text, the number is (202) 748-8003. there was a headline saying that the omicron subvariant has an alarming ability to abate immunity and medical treatment. what could a spike in covid look like for the u.s. this year? guest: what is difference -- different about this year is that we have vaccines that can work and do work. the covid vaccine that has been released, that is effective in

preventing hospitalizations and what we are seeing as many people are not taking advantage of this and we only have less than 20% of the population receiving the vaccine. it is concerning. we are seeing rates go up. we have the vaccines that are available and in addition, we have excellent medication and treatment that is available. paxlovid can be given to people. that is available and they should be prescribed for people who are at higher risk for serious complications so it is critical for people to get vaccinated now. contact your health care providers if you do get infected. if people get vaccinated and people get the treatment, people -- you can minimize the impact of covid.

if people don't do those things, it could be a bad season. host: if you look around the corner for next -- the next six months in terms of covid subvariants, what are scientists saying? guest: it is hard to know. we do cph drains emerging -- see the strains emerging. the last people susceptible to the strains and we can prevent peace strains -- these strength from emerging. we need to make sure that these medications and treatments and vaccines are equally available to everyone. we know it is difficult for people in rural communities.

it is hard for them to get access to vaccination services and to the treatments that are necessary. these systems are -- need to be put in place so everyone can take advantage of these measures so -- because it can make a huge difference. host: what i would like for you to address is the vaccine fatigue. headline in cnn says vaccine fatigue is leading -- leaving the u.s. vulnerable to flu, and that includes folks who have had vaccines in the past, the idea of a vaccine fatigue. how do we overcome that? guest: over the course of my public health career, i have worked on numerous vaccine campaigns and it has happened. we lose motivation and get complacent because we don't see it as a serious threat.

that happens were childless -- with child vaccines. people don't see the threat -- we don't see the value are the threat of not getting vaccination --vaccinated. hello people continue to die, we are not seeing it in the numbers we saw previously and people feel less wonderful. they are last motivated -- less motivated. i suspect there will be an increased demand for vaccines. it requires those kinds -- they don't just happen on. their home. --on their own. agencies are in position to promote these preventative measures because they don't -- people don't think about these diseases.

they help people see the need the importance of it and helping them to balance the risk versus benefits. host: the white house announced it is reissuing free covid tests -- for people through the u.s. postal service, available to be mailed to people. what is your guidance for when people should use a covid test? if you have a fever, should you test yourself for covid? guest: it goes back to what i was talking about, throughout this pandemic we have seen inequities and certain people having access to testing and prevention measures to treatment. e -- the efforts the government has done to make testing and

vaccines available for free and make sure people have access to free treatment and working with community organizations to hoverboard -- help promote and educate and breakdown various -- barriers. these are important. the tests -- testing themselves, they are summary respiratory viruses circulating and is -- it is hard to know if you have rsv or influenza. if you have respiratory systems, you should take a test. if you don't have covid, it doesn't mean you are not likely to transfer another disease to someone else. if you can test yourself -- you can get treated with paxlovid if you are at higher risk but if you don't have covid, it should not give you free license to go out and be -- and mingle with

their families. -- your families. host: dr. julie morita is the executive vice president with the robert wood johnson foundation and we are talking about the flu season, the tripledemic of the flu, covid, and rsv. (202) 748-8000 is a line for eastern and central time zones and for the mountain and pacific time zones, (202) 748-8001. we go to ohio. teresa, go ahead. caller: i --hi, dr. i think there are too many other variables to say that the vaccine is affected. especially since 90% of the people who died from the

vaccines were elderly. people get colds and walk around and could have the covid. i think it was blown out of proportion. i think they can check it off -- shake it off and maintain. masks are effective but there are too many other variables to say that vaccines are effective. host: dr. marita. guest: over one million have died in the u.s. because of covid and when you compare death rates among people who have been vaccinated versus people who have not been vaccinated, you can see the vaccine was effective in terms of protecting against disease and although many people who are vaccinated got sick and many who are vaccinated did die, when you compare who actually died based

on whether you are vaccinated and unvaccinated, you can see that vaccinations were effective. there is variability but the vaccines have saved many lives. host: let's hear from palm springs. charles. caller: good morning. my question was regarding the increase in mortality relating to whether it is the vaccines. host: what is your specific question? caller: thank you. host: i didn't hear a specific question. guest:/caller: -- caller: i had already asked. host: we will go to justin.

caller: i had a question about benjamin tillman and why his statue is still up. host: we will go to fred. caller: i am curious, what is the efficacy of the current flu vaccine and how is it measured? i can recall in 2020 when we had the outbreak of the covid, that the people who started wearing masks, there was a priest of a test -- precipitous drop in flu cases because people were murdering masks -- wearing asks? why isn't masking more emphasized? guest: rates went down and

influenza season was mild and masking can prevent infections. the influenza vaccine is effective and the effectiveness of the vaccine varies based on the match of the vaccine. it is against -- a guess. who and other public health organizations looks at what happens in south america and they get a sense of what they should include in our flu vaccine for this season. the vaccine is effective in terms of an -- preventing any serious infection. there is great benefit even for

a serious infection. there is variability. the vaccine is effective in terms of -- most of the time it is successful in preventing serious hospitalizations and the searing -- season --, -- this season, there is a good match with the vaccine and the vaccine is effective. the other thing people should keep in mind is that even though we are seeing a peak of influenza activity, -- even though it looks like we are plateauing from an influenza perspective nationally, there is always a chance and often there is a second wave of influenza from a different strain. an h1 strain can come later. if people haven't been vaccinated, it is not too late and people should get vaccinated because it could be another wave

of influenza disease this is a. --season. host: just because you haven't got vaccinated, a flu vaccine could help you with the later variant? guest: that is right and even if you have a infection this season, you could always get infected with a different strain. our influence vaccine protects against four different strains. host: let's go to mary and aged -- in springfield, florida. caller: i had a question about getting a free flu vaccine. i have a daughter who is a diabetic and has insurance but is a low-wage and it cost her $50 to get a flu vaccine. she did not get it. guest: before working for my

foundation, i was a public health official in the city of chicago health department and we always ran free vaccine clinic so that people who didn't have insurance could get vaccinated. i suggest reaching out to your public health agencies and see if they have programs. any public health agencies do that work because there is no program for providing free vaccines to the nation. there is a program that provides vaccines for children. there is one for adult. -- there is not one for adults. some state and health departments will try to fill that gap. try calling your state and local health departments. host: next is ronnie in

california. caller: it is bonnie. i am fully vaccinated. i believe in vaccinations all the way and i recently came down with flu symptoms. i got tested and i don't have covid and i don't have rsvp. i have something that is sliding around -- floating around but i got a lot milder because of all the vaccinations. i am older. i have diabetes and my days are numbered. i don't want to cut them short because of my own stupidity. thank you. guest: thanks for sharing your life. it is important when you have underlying health conditions like diabetes and a you are --

and you are older, those them -- come -- increase your risk from complications from covid. with influence and covid, there are -- that will help minimize their symptoms to keep them out of the hospital but it is important to get tested even if you get vaccinated, if you have underlying health conditions and you feel sick, get tested for covid and get tested for influenza so if you are infected, you can be treated. host: column in the new york times by jessica gross. she writes about her and her daughter having the flu and the headline of the piece was " the new etiquette of kids and coughs". he quotes a pediatrician saying, " covid changed the way we look

at being sick. if your kid was run down, you gave them medicine and sent them to school -- you don't know if someone is -- has covid or if they are on the third week of asthma player from a code in the -- flayer from a cold and they are not contagious." guest: i think workplaces, it used to be that people would go into work because -- with the flu because they felt like they couldn't afford to miss work and now work from home policies make it feel -- you will feel like they don't have to go into work.

it would be in their best interest to maintain the sick policies because we don't want people coming in and spreading illnesses and the same for children. i think children adjust more easily than adults and i see kids coughing into their elbows. and masking, they are much more compliant and they have gotten used to it. we have learned from the pandemic. hopefully, they will help us move forward in other seasons. host: next is denise in california. caller: i --hi. my daughter's husband came home with covid from work and she got it but they were fully backed -- vaxxed. she is ill and we are terrified.

she thought it would keep her out of her hospital, being excited but she is so sick and we don't know what to do. the vaccination did not work with her. she postponed getting treatment because she thought she was safe being vaccinated and we do not know what to do. guest: if your daughter is feeling sick, just because she is vaccinated and did not get treated, doesn't mean she can't get treated now and it is critical for her to reach out to her providers to talk about what she is doing and give her advice. paxlovid works best when you start early but there are other ways to treat people who are sick with covid. just because you have been vaccinated, you can get treated. host: how is the nation's supply

up paxlovid -- of paxlovid? guest: i have not heard concerns. i have heard concerns about the distribution of paxlovid is not equitable and it is not easily available to all people and that keeps me up at night. what we have seen is that people who have more resources and insurance and people who are able to take time off work, people who generally do better during outbreaks, it better and the same paxlovid. committees of color haven't had access to paxlovid as others have and in addition to making the medication available for free, it has been a made -- it has been made accessible -- it

is important that we make this available through the u.s. host: dr. julie morita is the executive at robert wood johnson foundation. how has your work changed since the pandemic and because of the candidate --pandemic? guest: the robert wood johnson foundation is the largest health organization in the united states and over the course of 50 years, you have been focused on helping the most vulnerable. what happened with the pandemic with the racial balance, we started to realize our work was more important to focus on those who have been marginalized in a -- the past. you could see communities of

color, our rural communities and people have been marginalized not getting the support and resources they need to prevent themselves from getting sick and if they got sick, from getting care and treatment. the foundation felt recognizing the importance of doubling down efforts to focus on the marginalized and looking at these factors that impact health over all. we look at why are there some groups not able to be activated? it has to do with the fact that people didn't have the ability to work from home or take time off from work. people were living in crowded health conditions. people didn't have transportation. these are the things we were looking at the sea what are the community conditions that are needed for people to be healthy

and went the next pandemic comes along, people are likely to do better and -- focusing on people who are have -- who have been marginalized. host: the lines are (202) 748-8000 for the eastern and central time zones and for the mountain and pacific, (202) 748-8001. we will hear from sally in ohio. caller: my concern has to do with rsv. as you are aware, rsp has mutated -- rsv has mutated from a virus that affected preschool kids and affects mature adults and it seems to be impossible for me to locate n95 six --

masks. is there any way, diagnosing, preventing, or treating rsv in adults? guest: rsv has always impacted adults as well as children and we focus more on children because they are the pull of folks who will get seriously hospitalized. what gives me hope, but it is not available now, there are vaccines in the pipeline being developed to help. the vaccines that are being studied our target towards adults and older adults and pregnant women and the older adults vaccines are preventing disease in older adults.

the vaccine for pregnant women protects the women and the babies. there are vaccines in the pipeline. not this season but next season. the key thing for prevention measure perspectives are the things we were talking about. washing hands. avoiding private spaces. going into well ventilated places. people can do that to prevent themselves from getting sick and avoiding places where they could get this post -- exposed. if you are touching things, -- those things are important for people to consider as they prevent rsv infections. host: she also said she had trouble finding n95 masks.

are there reports of that across the country? are they available across the country? guest: i have not heard about problems with shortages on n95 masks. there are kn95 masks which are available. it may be up -- available looking online. wearing other cloth masks or medical masks can prevent diseases. if you cannot find an and 95 mass, other masks can help -- n95 mask, other masks can help. host: similar story across the country with hospitals. what makes a person so sick, either a youngster or an adult,

where doctors stay -- say you need to be in a hospital? what is the tipping point where people need to be in a hospital bed? guest: there are treatments you need to do at home. i remember -- there are nebulizers. you can do those things. you wouldn't do that for a baby who has difficult suite leaving -- all those kinds of things are red flags for hospitalization requirements. for older people, how comfortable are they grieving? -- breathing? do they have other systemic systems? all those factors are taken into

the separation -- consideration. it is better to be home to get your care but there is some care that cannot be given at home. some people need an iv or if you need oxygen, all those things are -- can be provided in the hospital. those are the decision points. host: we will go to linda in connecticut. caller: thank you for taking my call. i received my omicron boost a month ago and unfortunately, the night before i took tylenol and an hour before, i took two baby aspirants. -- aspirants --aspirins. my concern is, i know i wasn't

supposed to take tylenol and i got in because of the cancellation and i forgot, my concern is could it have been injected into a blood vessel and because i took a tylenol, and because i had excessive bleeding, is the shot and effective? i normally don't leave like that and i was shocked. i don't know how to proceed. host: have you recovered from that? has your bruise got away? caller: my arm is sore and i have arthritis. the bleeding was so excessive that it freaked me out. i had the other four shots and it was a big point -- pinpoint shots or no bleeding.

i know the pharmacist who gave it said, are you on blood thinners and i said no, forgetting i took the aspirin and the tylenol. host: thanks for your example. guest: taking the tylenol would not have affected the bleeding but it may have been the aspirin. i have given lots of vaccines and if there was leakage or bleeding, we did not re-vaccinate. i don't know your medical history well and it is in your best interest to talk to your provider. if you are inadequately vaccinated, if you should think about getting vaccinated again. i don't know your background and your other medical issues. you should talk to your health care provider and determine if it is necessary for you to get vaccinated. host: he will hear from -- you will hear from seven --savanna.

caller: i had my flu shot and latest corona vaccine. it is very important that people and formed their positions of all the medications they are taking and -- physicians of all the medications they are taking and don't count for every position to inform the other physicians. i had long covid and i could not take paxlovid because i am on -- i was told by a physician. he was glad that i was on for tonight -- medicine -- a

medication. i am trying to get the message out that people need to be sure all their doctors, if they see more than one or if they just see one, all the doctors need to be aware of the medications and supplements they are taking. guest: that is an outstanding message. in general, whether it is related to paxlovid or other medications or diseases. individuals, everyone needs to have a list of medications they take on a regular basis with them. . some systems communicate to other systems. it is and your best interest to carry your list with them. if paxlovid -- with paxlovid, it has a lot of interactions with other medications and their are resources online to list a

person's occasions and compare to paxlovid to see what will interact. in some situations, they cannot and paxlovid may not be an option so your method is -- message is important. people should be aware of their medications and share that with their doctors so they don't get prescribed a medication that interacts inappropriately. host: the caller mentioned she had long covid. there is a headline saying at least 7 million people in the u.s. had long covid. dr. morita, what is long covid and how is it diagnosed? guest: it is a constellation of symptoms people have post infection of the covid virus. if people meet criteria, they are considered to have a long

covid but there is not a simple task that will determine whether or not someone has long covid. it is a procedure where the health care provider goes through the chronology to understand if they have it. there are not main treatments for it as well. it is a reminder for people to get vaccinated because vaccinated people are less violent -- likely to have problems with long covid. host: let's hear from rick. caller: i was wondering if you could say -- during the pandemic, they had the omicron vaccine. people were sick. some of the precautions worded

that it made the immune system to where, lest i mentioned -- less dimension -- your amine system may not be able to respond as it did before the vaccine and if you could send somebody to maybe the chemicals that are -- what kind of chemicals that are being flown over the cities? if you had any ideas about that. guest: i am not sure what that is. i didn't understand you but i think you are talking about antibodies and measures that were available but i am not sure. there are some alternative antibody treatments that were available for prevention but they weren't as effective as the more recent strains circulating. host: what are some of the

newest developments on the vaccine front for covid? guest: there is work being done looking to combine covid vaccine with influenza vaccine in anticipating the ongoing vaccination efforts. there is a matter of looking at what strains are causing more disease because strains have circulated and the vaccines -- vaccine's ability to prevent disease depends on the strength. there is a desire to look at what strain is circulating and how to prevent them. host: let's go to harvey cawley from -- calling from massachusetts. caller: it is a pleasure and thank you for taking my call. host: you bet. caller: what do i do?

host: do you have a question or comment for dr. morita? caller: i have a question and a comment for the gentleman in madam -- and madam. in ancient times, we used to use precious minerals and metals and oils for peer fixation and sterilization -- purification and sterilization and health. that being said, with intelligent, collaborative investments, i believe we can use -- i believe we can use maybe precious minerals and oils and collaborate -- host: before i list -- let you go, i want to ask about

childhood vaccinations. they say vaccination rates are falling. what are your concerns? guest: as a person who worked in public health for many years, we can see -- this covers like chickenpox and measles and those levels of vaccines have dropped over the past couple of years and some of that has to do with the fact that people are not going with their routine exams because they were -- physical e. people just were not able to get vaccinated. the other thing is that there is concern about the covid vaccines . parents have questions or concerns about the covid vaccine because it was new. it is appropriate to ask questions and have concerns. we now know that millions and millions of doses, people have been vaccinated and the vaccines

are effective. these vaccines have been used for decades and they have saved many, many lives. it is critical that we are keeping our vaccine levels as high as possible. because measles, polio, children are still at risk because it is circling outside of the united states. it is important that people get vaccinated for all of the recommended vaccines as well as covid. because the diseases are not that far away and can be brought into the u.s. very easily. it can be dangerous if they are not vaccinated. host: dr. julia, thanks for the conversation this morning. guest: thank you. host: that is all for this morning's "washington journal." coverage ofhe january 6 committee hearing, your final public hearing right here at

c-span at 1:00 eastern. that will do it but we are back tomorrow morning at 7:00 eastern and we hope you are as well. have a great day. ♪ >> today, the january 6 committee will hold its last meeting ahead of the wednesday release of their final report on the attack of the u.s. capitol. you can watch live, beginning at 1:00 p.m. eastern on c-span, c-span now or online at c-span.org. and be sure to watch all of the past hearings in their entirety, any time, online at