good morning. caller: good morning. can you hear me? host: make sure you mute your volume. caller: that lady is absolutely correct. i do support, you know, some investigations. i don't think it should become a circus. there's so many important -- hello? host: i'm here, mary. we're listening. go ahead. caller: there's so many important things that joe biden needs to get done. i trust his integrity. and i honestly can see how documents could be left behind in everything else. and the guy who called in said there should be someone in charge of these archives, that they know where they are and they know that they should get back. i don't believe in anything nefarious with biden. he's trying to do the best for the american people. they want him to pull a rabbit out of a hat. and you know, patience and he'll get the ship going in the right direction.

which it already is. whatever he does is for the american people. to talk about trump and to be loyal to such a person, that guy has no value. i don't want to hear about him anymore. and i trust joe biden's judgment in leading america. and we really do need a team of people who are for america and americans. this division between republicans and democrats is absolutely heartbreaking. because we never get anywhere. we get two feet out, three feet back. we honestly do need to get on caller: i do not like to talk bad about anybody but he is too much. host: we appreciate your calls this segment. coming up next we will turn our attention to the continued debate over u.s. boater policy and see if anything was accomplished at this week's summit. that conversation with muzaffar

chishti. that is next. later on jessica will preview house republicans big tax agenda. an investigations into social media platforms. ♪ >> on august 24 195514-year-old emmett till visited grocery and meat market in mississippi. he was accused of flirting with a white store clerk. the events that led to a materials murder.

-- emmett till's murder. ears old. i came in with them and nothing happened while they were in the store. they came out of the and a short time later, she comes out of the store, admit loves to make people laugh. he is a jokester. he whistles. when he did that -- you have to understand that miss in 1955. a black man whisper to a white woman, that in is health. >> reverend parker junior with this book a few days full of trouble. tonight on c-span q&a.

you listen to q&a and all of our podcast on our free c-span now at. >> there are a lot of places to get political information but only a c-span you get it straight from the source. no matter where you are from a the end of the issues c-span is america's network, unfiltered, unbiased, word for word. if it happens here, or here, or here, or anywhere that matters, america is watching on c-span. powered by cable. >> washington journal continues. host: muzaffar chishti is with us next. he is here to talk with us about u.s. immigration and border policy. what is the area of your focus in terms of your affiliation

with the migration policy institute? what you look into? guest: thank you for having me. we are dc-based. and also in brussels where we follow european policies. look at policy development in u.s. on the border and the enforcement of how many people we let in and under what conditions. host: let me ask about the recent announcement by president biden with changes to order enforcement action by the administration. this is that execut action, not legislative change the pressaid up to0 migrants from venezuela, nica cuba, andti will be allowed to enter the u.s. perot each month. they must have financial sponsors, pass background checks. migrants make schedule an appointment to seek asylum by a

nap -- via an a of legal injury. a couple of questions there, how different our departures from current or previous u.s. policy? guest: the policy announced last week, what is about the special perot program -- special program and in that regard that program is a consideration of the program we put in place a couple of months ago for venezuela. if you are a national of these four countries and he want to come to the u.s., you cannot just show up at the border and let in. you supply and vents -- yet supply in advance.

in the background check and if you pass that, you will be allowed entry to come on april 42 years. -- for two years. the administration believes is a huge reduction in venezuela arrivals at the border. the expectation is this will have similar results for the other nationalities. host: is it expected that much of the paroles, duration of three years, the folks emigrating from venezuela, nicaragua, cuba, and haiti, by the end of the three years, is it expected most of those people will apply for citizenship or asylum? guest: it is two years instead of three. it allows them to come in and

they can use our existing policies to apply for asylum if they have a u.s. relative who will sponsor them. there is u.s. employer who wants to sponsor them or a green card they will be sponsored. or congress could say were going to grant people permanent residence. that has been expected of ukrainians and congress has not done that but it could. host: headline from politico analysis and new program for venezuela aimed at easing pressure on u.s. mexico border. that was a program you mentioned earlier. the announcement also said it would only be eligible as

specific border crossings in an attempt to reduce illegal injury . this recognition by the biden administration that they have a problem with illegal border crossings the other spots? guest: i think it is recognition. one of the products of our polarization is it is not a bipartisan consensus acknowledging it is a crisis. we have a crisis in border crossings. the level of arrivals over the border are no longer sustainable. we had 2.3 one million encounters last year at the border. 2.3 one million people intercepted at the border. that is not sustainable number. it was recognition there is a problem. it is to establish some semblance of control. if you are from these

nationalities, you apply i advance and he show up at the border, you will be expelled under the new policy. host: we are talking about u.s. immigration and border policies. the lines for you to call in democrats, 202-748-8000. republicans, 202-748-8001. independents, 202-748-8002. what you make of this app that migrants are expected to use or can use, the headline here, border officials allow asylum-seekers to request u.s. injury through a mobile app -- -- injury through a mobile app. will it facilitate their application process? guest: this is the second part of the announcement last week.

everyone else who is seeking asylum will no longer be able to show up at the border, raise their hand and say i seek asylum and get a hearing. going forward, we ask people to apply on the app. you are scheduled for a screening by an official, you can make a claim for an asylum and he will get a credible determination by an officer. the attempt here is to move away from this order. people have a place they should get an appointment for you on whether this is a hardship, all of your delays, social media -- journalist, social media is active with my grades. they know where the crossings are, what the conditions are. they're adept at technology. there are nonprofit

organizations who will help them get an appointment. i do not think it is a huge impediment for people to seek appointments for the border. host: shortly after the president made the announcement of the crackdown on the border crossings, the president also toured for the first time in his administration the border at el paso. with as you make of the visit? guest: it was long overdue. it's at the administration a little long to embrace -- took the administration a little long to embrace the situation at the border. he followed that visit to the border by a visit to mexico. that is important. if reckless expelled people, -- if we are going to expelled people mexico has to be a

willing partner in this. getting them on board to the policy is critical and so for the president to make that stop is a healthy sign. host: we have because waiting for our guest. john on our democrat line in virginia. caller: good morning. i like to ask, he is not touching on most important issues. we as americans are engaging in politics with those countries. venezuela we put sanctions. and now we are complaining the people are leaving the country. we are creating a problem in the first place. it is because of our policies. people do not come here unless they see opportunity. when they come here we provide them jobs.

we give them everything free and then they come. immigrants are smarter than american people. they know exactly when they come here how to do things. where to start and where to go. it is inconceivable your guess is saying we have to send them back. we do not engage people in countries we would not have this problem. immigration is weaponized by both parties. democrats and republicans. i am an immigrant myself. i waited my family for almost four years to bring them here. i had an opportunity to come to the border. every time we applied, immigration is not working. we waited. here we have people crossing the border, breaking the law, and they got everything they want. it is not fair for people like us from africa. they have no opportunity to come

to mexico we follow the rules. host: we will hear a response. guest: john is right and he answered his own question. i am an immigrant too and i think we are a nation of immigrants. that is our history. we remain a nation of immigrants. talk about xenophobia, people who get in we still let in a one million people a year. from all parts of the world, asia, latin america, and africa. the point he is making is others have been making. that is precisely the problem the administration is trying to address. we welcome people but we like orderly immigration. when it becomes disorderly when we do not have an idea of how many people are coming and at what rate and that as two oasis of chaos at the border. -- adds

to chaos at the border. this is an attempt to have order at the border to remain a generous country on immigration. host: what do you think of his view he thinks u.s. sanctions to countries like el salvador and venezuela are at the root of migration crisis? guest: he is right on that. there are certain u.s. policies that are responsible for the outflows. the four countries we talked about we have icy diplomatic relations. there are a lot of factors. their national security concerns. there are pros policy issues. there are economic -- government issues and it is hard to say one single factor is responsible.

the most important factor in the last two years is the economic impact of the pandemic. there are so deep in the countries especially countries that on tourism. even middle-class people from these countries are coming to the u.s. who would normally not come. we have to confront it. host: rick in virginia. caller: good morning. i've have asked this question three times per year no one has had the courage to answer it. we have a deficit with the countries and i believe everybody who comes from a country they are they are the child of that country. that child comes into at whatever age interrupt country and an amount of money should be tagged to that money. this is the amount of money i am going to have to spend the see

this person through to come in and assimilate. or not assimilate. you do not need to really assimilate anymore. why don't we, we have incredible deficits with these countries, say this is the amount are going to deduct, this is the amount of money we owe you and then that way you have some part in paying for our graciousness of allowing your child, the child to come into our country? please answer that question. the cost-benefit analysis of immigration is press enter. -- it is front and center. we do not let anyone come in who was the come the united states. we have laws and categories which we let people let in.

we have allowed -- obligation under international law to protect people who fear persecution in their country. recite the u.s. commission for this application. on the cost issue, every study that has been done will tell you over the course of time. immigrants contribute more than they take in the benefit. largely because most immigrants who come in come in active working age of their life. the young people. they get jobs quickly and start paying taxes. they pay taxes because employers the dog from the payroll. -- deduct from the payroll. immigrants are a net benefit to the united states. that is not mean in the short run there is not a cause. new york city has been receiving immigrants from the border towns

of texas has a cause. it is why for the short term federal government should reimburse these states for the cost of absolving the immigrants. for that we need national policy. host: janice on the independent line from colorado. caller: i have a question about this immigration. how come they're all going to new york and what i saw on the news, was disgusting. they give them a hotel room to live in and then all the bags of food, covering the fields of football players, it is unreal. we are giving them housing. we are giving them food. this is how they respect -- they also said something about drugs. i was so upset. this is disgraceful for

americans to put up with that. i would like to know why this goes on. why are we sending money to three other countries below us besides mexico. we are sending all of this money to help them. barbie sending money when they let -- why are we sending money when they let all of the people come in the country? how about them send money to us? guest: on the people coming to new york, this has been a recent phenomenon the last six months. people will always come to new york. it is one of the most traditional receptacle of immigration. actually colorado we heard reports the governor and the mayor of denver sending immigrants from colorado to new york city. the reason for that is new york

has a history of being welcoming to immigrants. it has some of the most well-run nonprofit organizations to provide support for people for the needs to get them legal services. it is not surprising many immigrants choose to come to the united states. it has a large labor market. they find jobs that are easily. that is the historic truth. on the recent arrivals who are bustier -- were bussed here and then put it shelters, new york has a shelter for everyone. we cannot send people away from a shelter. we have a shelter in place guarantee. it creates an overwhelming situation for shelters. it is why the government is trying his best to move people away from shelters into housing with friends, networks and see

that they get jobs. that is the traditional form of people integrating into our society. the mayors in places like new york, chicago, d.c. it is a short-term cost for us. it is a good suggestion. on sending money to the countries, we are sitting money to these countries not so they can keep their people away from coming to the u.s. we send the money because it is in our interest to have a sense of order and some sense of economic stability for those countries. if we did not do that, we will probably have more immigrants leaving the company. it is to address the root causes which have to do with economic, issues of government. for me, spending money on those

issues is money well spent. it will have good benefit over time which we hope it's going to reduce migration. host: on twitter, how many persons alleged to be present in u.s. quote illegally our visa over stays as a number and percentage? guest: we have about 11 billion in country and in the past general perception, these are people who cross the mexican border and mostly all of them is mexico. it is no longer true. about half of the people who are not in the country today and served with a valid visa and then overstated. the variety of countries is huge, we have a spectrum of people beyond mexico. central and south america, all parts of europe, africa, asia.

they may not be in the same number of mexico but the numbers are very diverse in the u.s. host: does the number of over stays indicate is resources -- is resources on the government? guest: we all know we do not have political, the resources to go out after every unauthorized person in u.s. would like the soviet union did to track those over stays. most of it is done on an honor system. we are trying to get better because of someone over stays because we have the record and if they seek to reenter the country at some point, they will not be allowed to come for at

least 10 years. that is some disincentive. host: in alabama, democratic caller. caller: what can you help from the people coming from mexico, cuba, can you give them political asylum for a little while? can you help? guest: i am a lawyer by do not offer advice on television for individual cases. it is a matter of policy. and who arrives at the border to seek asylum. that is one of the points the new policy is trying to address. if you want to seek asylum you cannot randomly show up at the border you have to apply for an appointment on the app and then you will be screened by border patrol official at the border.

at that time, you could tell the of issue, i fear persecution of the gutter you are talking about and then they have to be given a credible hearing by an asylum officer. it has some basis to believe truths to the asylum claim. if they pass the test, they are said to new york, los angeles, whatever they want to go and at that time they will have a full asylum hearing and make the case as to why they should not be turned to the country. within one year of asylum, they can apply for comment. host: you pointed out three or the four nations that have this expanded parole program,

nicaragua, cuba, venezuela, the u.s. has no diplomatic relations. individuals in that country have an opportunity to apply for asylum the u.s. embassy because there is none, correct? guest: exactly. we could establish a transition by applying -- allowing people to apply for most countries. we left people to apply in cuba but that was suspended. we hope there is reopening of that process to reduce the pressure. if you are fleeing persecution from a country to apply for my sound in that country is almost impossible. host: deborah on the republican line. caller: the morning and thank you for taking my call. i have a couple of ideas. birthright citizenship, 14th

amendment, i think we would all benefit if we would reconsider citizenship rather than just a baby. 20% of our children in the u.s. are born to noncitizens. if you look at our safety net programs, as soon as an individual has a child, that child is a u.s. citizen and title to all of that. the other thing is representation. the other concern i have -- and i look at the cost, $60 billion a year we add to our safety net programs. the other concern i have regarding representation. florida has 90% noncitizens. -- 19 percent noncitizens. it is important for our country.

but i think that money when we do assesses, money has to be appropriated. representation in congress should be based on citizenship. that needs to be on the senses. guest: both of these are good questions and require constitutional amendment and you know what that means in our country. on birthright citizenship, we inherited this from the british crown. it is part of our history that everyone born in the land of the sovereign is subject of the ground. we have a very contested history of our birthright citizenship. to the civil war. even nativeborn black people in the country were not considered citizens.

that was what went to the supreme court. then in the 14th amendment in lincoln's time we try to undo that saying everyone born in the u.s. has the same rights as everyone else. i have my strong feelings about the 14th amendment. at birth everyone in this country is equal. let's not hit you with this ability -- is the ability. that provides the ability for everyone in country to be assimilated. the question of cause. the question of cost israel -- is real. the same point the caller made about the initial cost we have to pay for taking care of the children of the country, the

same children grow up to be professionals, workers in all spectrums of occupations. then they contribute to our economy. social security is the most important component of this. our social security system is an issue. we play today into it so it pays our parents and grandparents. for a lot of immigrants their parents and grand parents are not here. our social security system is kept in tact by immigrants coming and attributing to it. it is important for our country for baby boomers retiring at a huge pace. it is for the retiring baby boomers. we need fresh supply of workers who contribute to social security system. a lot of people argue that social security system today sustained on the basis of contributions made by unauthorized people.

they would never see the benefits of that but they are contributing paying for the money given to our parents and grandparents. it is a bit -- net benefit of immigration. it is clearly well documented by studies and that is only in one direction. host: question for you, he says, are you familiar with australia's undocumented immigration policy that focuses on requiring e-verify for employment and arresting those who hire undocumented workers? guest: yes, i am deeply aware of the program. i have no problem with e-verify. it is a method we should follow. we have e-verify programs in our

country. it is not apply to the whole universe of employers. it is a subset of employer, federal employees, contractors, they all have to verify status. i think text extended to all employers will be fine. the issue is what about those people -- were not on the payroll. to screen those people i think is more difficult. to move towards a better accountability of employers hiring unauthorized people and do it electronically is a good idea. host: ron in maryland. caller: good morning. our guest is seeing firsthand how the topic of illegal immigration guess most americans boiling.

regardless if you are democratic or republican or independent we know there is a problem with our immigration system. i'm a health care leader and one of the problems i see every single day's how illegal immigrants of our health care system. could our guest elaborate on that? guest: i don't believe illegal immigration is a good thing. immigration in general is good for our country. it will keep america addressing this country in the world. most economists agree we thrive and coming out of the pandemic better than other countries because of our immigration. it keeps our economy going sustained by new blood coming into it all of the time. the issue is illegal immigration

should not be the norm. we should have many people come through legal channels. for that, congress should expand legal opportunities for coming to the united states. many of us believe develop immigration because we have not changed legal immigration structure for 35 years. we have not changed the legal numbers of people who can come since 1990. we change interest rates every quarter but we do not change immigration for so many. it is not make sense. we should open up our front door so that the back door has less pressure. the point that your caller makes about health care. be clear, undocumented workers are not entitled to health care in our country. i document it workers in our

country are entitled to only two things, established by supreme court decisions, they are entitled to education kindergarten through grade and basic care in the emergency medical context. if someone shows up at the emergency room, they have to be treated. the other alternative would be come up we would not like people with infections in our cities. that is the extent to which we are providing benefits to the unauthorized. it calls but those calls -- it will cost but those cost will go to the city or the state levels. it is not a good thing. those hospitals have additional cost should be reimbursed by the federal