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>> the house will be in order. >> c-span celebrates 45 years of coveringongrs like no other. since 1979, we have been your source providing bagovernment. taking you to where the policy is with the support of america's cable companies. c-span, 45 years and counting powered by cable. cweather events is andrew freedman. he's a senior climateep axios. andrew, welcome to the program. guest: thanks for having me. host: so hurricane beryl is category four storm. it's the earliest such storm in recordedicle that this is just a warning of what is to come. so what is to come? so talking to scientists really what they're

telling me is this storm formed in an area where you wouldn't expect a strong storm to form at this time of year. it'ssual pretty hostile to hurricanes. east of the islands that make ln is relative cool. yo dry air at this time of the year. and hurricanes don't really thrive in environment.ver, thise any that we've ever seen. there record warm waters with, including there's an evens develop negative tropi further s the chances for an above normalcy -- in the atlantic. and really drove of records it d the type of records that it broke.

weakened category five is the strongest category five storm we've ever seen inuly no matter where you look in the atlantic. so, it isstor in its own right and it is a wa conditions are right in the atlantic this season, really exceptional event and really dangerous events can be the result. host: can you talk a little bit more the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events? guest: yeah. so what we're learning more and more every day is climate change up in our daily weather events. it is you can say certain things about certain pnomenon, but not all. so it's hurricanes. we know that th

intensifying faster and jumping greater distances than they used to in terms of categories. hurricane beryl, for ú example, set a record for hurricane rapid intensification, from category -- basically a tropical depression to category four in one day. we know with great confidence that heat waves are mor common and more intense longer duration. they're longer lasting. in some cases, we view, found through studies t climate change made previously impossible events possible for first time. and that is not just the united states but around the world.

we saw downing pours in -- downpours in miami and fort lauderdale where you get a couple months of rainfall in a matter of hours. and it comes out a precipitation. and hurricanes are heat engines. they feed off of the warm waters. sotemperatures are going up, hurricanes have more vulnerability toake vantage of that. host: and you mentioned the extreme heatun states. what other extreme weather events are you tracking? guest: sgh now on the extreme heat front, i would say there is something rembl going on right now and remarkable is positive. right now, there's 110 millionsf

heat warning or advisory. the south central states in the south are really baking in hit e more severe event that i've sn g about more and more in the coming days, it is coming in the west, in california, oregon, eventually state and nevada. we're going to be seeing about two weeks or more oforhigh temperatures and higher -- and . we've already seen one fire near orzo, california, and we'll probably but we're talking highs in the inland california. for example, sacramento, for 110's.

that gets more and more dangerous as you're exposed to access to cooling, that can be deadly. if you do not get reliefver whe temperatures just aren't dropping below the mid to u eve. so this is unc for california. they're using terms like lethal, liat sort of thing. there is something extreme going on there right now. and we're watching beryl to see where it ultately goes. there's a chance that it goes into southwest texas trocal storm a hurricane attendiit encn

ca first. host: we are speaking with andrew freedman of axios. ou got a question about climate change or weather event, give us aall. our lines are regional this time. ifyou can also text us your comments at 202-748-8003. and we are watching our social media feeds as well. andrew, i wanted to ask you about what president biden said yesterday. he announced new measures in thr events and then get your guest: yeah, so the central part of it there, were two central parts of his announcement. one is they're really trying toa regulation, the occupational safety and health

administration, to try to rulest employee health on the job extreme heat. there's been a number of states that have actually outlawed such rules state level, florida and texas being the two biggest examples. ople are dying on the job when it is extremely hot out. think of like cultural workers, think of construction workers. the regulations would not apply to firstnder to firefighters and, you know, e.m.t.'s, would apply to people who are working in warehouses withoutiong. it would apply to other categories of people and require employers to have plans for cooling, to install certain systems to give people. and allow people to climatize

themselves, to hotter weather on th rather than just throwing them into a firs all scorching situation without getting used to it. so that was one pillar of his announcement that they putting forward with this regulation. it's probably finalized. they're trying to finalize it during f term. but whether or not it, you know, meets legal challenges, they're likely. so we'll see where it goes from here. but that is an attempt to for the first time, have a federal regulations over heatety. the other one is with they announced another billion trench of money f a program called brick, which is a fema program that's trying to proactively make communities more resilience in the face of

extreme weather events. and they're also trying to get fema to take into account future flooding rose and not just base it on the climate of the past, whwh a long time. we just looked at what was 100-year floodtil is point. and that climate really is gone. we're innt cmate zone now. and will be going into the future and you have to take that into account whether you're funding a new bridge or a safety center in a new town, etc. so this money is going out hundreds of communities across the country to try to them more resilient. host: let's take a look at what theda about this topic. pres. biden: look, extreme weather events drive home a point that i've been saying for so long. ignoring climate change is deadly and dangerous and

irresponsible. these climate fuel andth events don't just affect people's lives, they hurt the on have a significant negative psychological effect on people. last year, the largest weather-related disaster cost over billion in damages in americans. that'st soar last year. it drove 2.5 million people out in each case costing lives and and the impact is going to get more worse, more frequent and more ferocious in our most vulnerable people in the most hardest hit communities the worl look, you know, we can change all of that. it's in our power. we have five new actions that my

administration is address extreme weather including heat and overar firstf labor is making a new re estabn addition's first ever federal safety standard for excessive including rest breaks, access to shade and water. you think we would haveo ople ad water. i mean, gradually remove employees to the heat vi suffer heatstroke or even die just doing their job. this new rule will reduce heat injuries, illness ands r over 36 million workers whom it will apply from farm wo to construction workers,osanacturis and so much more. host: and andrew, the presioneds of extreme weather events.

noaa has this on their a historic year of u.s. billion dollar, fifth warmest year in record for the continued u.s. you've also written about the rising cost of weather events. guest: yeah. and part of that, first of all, the $90lion tally is really uninsuredthat actually an underf the c t costs to the economy. when you count up lost wages and other categories. so, i mean, california insurance politician just did a study on seven that have just hit the state 400 dea-

but what we're seeg is two trends, really we're seeing extreme weather eve all extreme weather events are increasing in intensity and in frequency but a number of them are being affected. and we're also seeing more and more built and structure in harm's way., wh you put those to trends together, it makes for a more expensive -- it makes for more expensive disaster losses. host: i was just going to say melbourne, florida.s in caller: good morning. you, mr. . i give you a little bit of

i am a republican, somewhat to the right of -- but i am not a climate didn'ter. i believe -- denier. i believe in climatehang i disar it's man made or natural. that's been since the last ice age, but i wanted to out an anomaly that occurred in florida in 2004. they were hit with four hurricanes, wch to my knowledge was unprecedented inct of damage. an entire decade thereafter that hurricanes that hit florida landfall. that was the year before katrina in 2005. but werranes for an

entire decade, yet all climate alarmist 2004 pointed the four hurricanes and said see, this mean we're in dire straits. yet, nobody ever said or explained why we went for an entire decade without another landfall hurricane. yes, there are anomalies like the ones occurring now in the bahamas, but it's an anomaly, d change. i agree. i disagree that we can do about it though we should. another point, yese more people living in harm's way, but you have to normalize the costs, for example, hurricane camille in the 1960's caused a tremendous amount of

damage, butropey values and the people living on the coastline were much less than today. host:s. let's take that up. guest: yeah. ade a couple of good points. 2004 was a banner hurricanes in florida. there was one county in florida that was actually saw the over the ef storms go over that county. that was an alarming year. 2005, florida was hit by a hurricane. katrina did hit florida as a category one. but w had a gap in major hurricanes, meaning three or above, making landfall in the u.s. what was happening washe were occurring, they were forming but they were staying out sea. and there really isn't a way to

when we're predictinghe seasonal outlook to first of all predict how t events are for a hurricane landfall. i can say that a seasoat as acts higher odds of seeing a m hurricane landfall in the united states and that accounts for the most monetary losses. but the very clear in terms of that just caknow, we're not seeing landfalling storms does not mean th these storms are not occurring or that they're not affected by climate change. and scientist who is, you know, are starting out saying well,

maybe that hypothesis is there isn't much of an impact on these giant storms, -- the biggest ss most intense storms lie, how are we really affecting those? d the data and they have all come away saying and some of the signal has beenn estimatings had preferably suggested at least in the atlantic edition. host:ext call in indiana. hi, paul. caller: i have a question. that the sunspot

activity indicate the amount of solar output this year was expecting 24 shun spots. was wondering is that activity he sun actually stacking on some other normal activity making this se for the perfect storm, if you willt: yed question and we all saw that, youw, msive aurora displayoccuaa solar flare. we are at solar max. however, the impact on the hurricane season really are minimal at

and, you know, experts looking athiit's really minimal at best in terms of its imp o global average temperature trends. part of the reason for that is that the signal is overpowering it a huge degree and part of it is justr cycle on thisim doesn't have that much of a control knob on the planet climat host: gary, montgomery, texas, you're next. ca andrew, thank you. i'm just really curiousithin the last say 50 years, if there's data regarding how many nuclear testings have taken place in the oceans around the world by the military complexes supporting the different various countries. it seems to me like within the

last 20 years, all you hear about is north korea use the oceantoet based and you've got countries all over that are doing this and you never hear anything about it and then you wonder why so hot. you've got nuclear reaction coming out of the oceans with that's got to go somewhere. and nothing's ever said about that everything else. yeah, they all played a part in this butly poisoning us through the waters instead of the air. and that's -- i don't know. i've been thinking about thisr a while and it just doesn't make any sense why it's never looked at. : right, gary. go ahead, andrew. guest: most of tts that north korea has done has not been with live warheads, fortunately. it's not having on the

oceans overall. the oceans have heat up very slowly. it's absorbing more 90% of the heat and trapped by national gases. it's really us that's doing this not nuclear testing. the u.s. is not testing in ocean ranges like in the south pacific. and other countries haven't been either. the missile tests notwithstanding, you know, not mething that the scientists have that climate scie shown really with how -- impact thought and , donald trump at some point duringis presidency actually as axiosepat the time actually asked his - say --

[indiscernible] disrupt the hurricane and the answer was we've actually thought about that. and no. the answer's no. host: nick in washington. caller: thank you. host: go ahead, nick. caller: good morning. so i just ntk the guest if he's familiar with the tonga eruption that blasted an unprecedented amount of water into the stratosphere. that's the article's title on e eruption was january 15, 2022. it introduced 146 territory grams -- territory gramsf water vape in the air. suace temperatures in 2023.t

i know they like to downplay the water vape but as scientists know, it's much stronger co2 does. guest: every climate scientist that i know -- the debate really over how much of an influence that teap having particularly on the exceptional temperatures we saw in 2023 going into 2024.

the bottom line is not a major reason why 2023 was the hottest year on record and 2024 is quite possibly going to it. it's not as if that eruption had no impact. it did. and the question is how big? and the answer is under -- it's still a topic of active research. >> "washington journal" continues. host: