germany suffers from repeated outbreaks of measles which can even be fatal. people can get pneumonia or middle ear infections or even incurable and suffer like this which can be fatal. after time told of. for effective protection to vaccinations are needed that double vaccination prevents the outbreak of the disease and provides lifelong protection the ninety nine percent of those vaccinated doctors say people should take advantage of the protection on offer in germany. there are no breaks because the rest till many of the vaccine aged people out that like in berlin two years ago there was a huge outbreak this year we have many cases of measles as well. but not all parents support vaccination for their children many are left unsure and think vaccinations could be dangerous for their kids. i believe there are more

problems than you'd expect. and many health complications that manifest themselves later may leap back to the vaccination. measles are especially dangerous and can lead to mental disability my brother had them because he wasn't vaccinated and it was very dramatic that's why i'm calling on all parents to vaccinate their children it's important to be stick a german high court ruled that when in doubt vaccinate one parent can even have the children vaccinated against the other as well the decision to vaccinate is an important one for the child but in germany it's not mandatory. there are other ways to get people to vaccinate because in the u.s. for example children aren't allowed to go to kindergarten unless they've been vaccinated that makes sense because their potential carriers. the measles vaccination is controversial critics say. muniz ation shots are an

assault on the body but experts advise getting the measles vaccine nation and dismissed the notion that measles are just a childhood disease. i'm here in the national public health institute in the heart of i'm eating dr would have one thanks for having me. the world health organization had to go to eliminate measles by the year of two thousand and fifteen but they weren't successful why not the shelling eliminating measles that this pathogen is very infectious that means that we need trust me ninety five percent of the total population to be vaccinated in order really to get rid of the virus and especially for germany where twenty thirty years ago we didn't have so much uptake of the vaccine we still have nowadays challenges and closing this immunization gives a peculiarly in young adults or adolescence but there's also a problem and very young one so they're not x.

nate on time that's all contributing to the challenges. polio chicken pox hooping cough children diseases but to tell danger is well these are all rather dangerous pathogens i mean they use or they are called children seizures because they used to be before there was the vaccination very frequent in young children but nowadays good luck we have less frequently these diseases due to the vaccinations for example measles this roughly one thousand are dying because of the disease once they acquire the disease so it's essential definitely our viewer tanya pinta diaz writes that her child can be vaccinated against whooping cough before the age of three months so what happens before this age the problem in the first month. of the young baby is not good enough to really respond to the vaccines and as we know that most of the infections. acquired from sources within the family in germany our

recommendation is to vaccinate all the household members so parents also brothers sisters or if they are also living in the same household grandparents not only babies and children are getting vaccinated to what are the most essential explanations of the most essential vixenish and at least in adolescence is the vaccination against h.p.v. in young girls in germany we recommend this for nine to fourteen year old girls in this is the prevention of cervical cancer there are other recommendations at least in germany where we recommend the flu vaccination in the elderly or vaccination against pneumococcal disease which is causing pneumonia. especially in the older ones and this is recommended for all people who are sixty years and older so there's a basic explanation for many diseases and then there are booster shots where you

have to refresh your vaccination what happens if you neglect to get the booster shot or the always talking about like h.p.v. or flu these are not really who says there are some vaccines like tetanus or diphtheria or pertussis they require us of all the problem is of course if you don't fix it you are exposed to the disease and this is unnecessary because we have got vaccines they are effective and safe and. so it's important to remember to see the doctor in a regular basis than. people who are not vaccinated don't only endanger themselves from getting the disease but but also putting other people around them in danger once that's correct and that's one of the beautiful things i'll fix a nation because by vaccinating a sufficient number of people in the population you would use the circulation of the pathogen which is transmitted from person to person and once their coverage is so high like ninety or ninety five percent than eat. and those who need it because

they're too young babies or because they have quite an underlying disease that prevents them to be vaccinated you also indirectly protect these people so getting vaccinated is really important and many infectious diseases are preventable through vaccines but many are not and researchers are still doing a lot of research to get into those diseases and to produce and to develop vaccines like five hundred million people worldwide a threatened by malaria which is transmitted by mosquitoes. and awfully these mosquitoes spread malaria deadly parasites thrive in their saliva . it's mostly children who fall prey to malaria they're the most vulnerable. a new vaccine is being developed in germany and it's giving people hope it uses live malaria parasites.

like our studies have shown that vaccinating with malaria parasites once a month for a total of three months can completely prevent the infection cried. victory. there's no malaria in germany but some mosquitoes arrive here as stowaways. climate change is also contributing to mosquitoes migrating north. in the high security lab at hamburg's tropical institute scientists are testing which pathogens can be transmitted by german mosquitoes malaria parasites are not among them they need an awful ease mosquitoes and a much higher temperatures. these mosquitoes can only transmit the malaria parasites as they drink a victim's blood. malaria pathogens attack the liver cells

first they mature them and then spread to the circulatory system. one drop of blood is enough to determine if someone is infected with malaria. under the microscope the malaria pathogens are dried and died. you can diagnose malaria within half an hour there is no grey area it's like a pregnancy test yes or no. the symptoms of malaria are very hard to identify they're rather like those of a normal flu. generally storages with slight fever and a headache or maybe not diarrhea which gets worse from day to day. after a week or ten days those symptoms can become so severe that it can kill you. in africa one child dies of malaria every minute or roughly five hundred thousand per year all attempts to develop an effective vaccination have so far been

unsuccessful so researchers are trying something new they're injecting live malaria pathogens directly into the bloodstream and treating the infection immediately. weaken them so much that the parasites can't do any damage even though they do migrate to the liver where they can multiply. but they can't give you malaria. but this causes the immune system to react. in today's test participants who have already been vaccinated are going to be re infected with malaria to see how well the vaccination works. here a test subject is having the living parasites injected directly into her bloodstream. it's because they've been looking every day to see if anything is happening if anything can be seen as soon as they see that the sickness could take over they would treat me immediately. we've shown in small studies that we

were able to protect nine out of nine participants. that means one hundred percent protection the groups are small but the concept is working concept. still it's more difficult in practice to pathogens first have to be removed from the saliva or a glance of infected mosquitoes. we'd have to vaccinate millions of people to see any effect in these countries so you can guess how many parasites you'd need to reproduce taking them from the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes in order to have any kind of success. and it's still not clear how long the vaccination works the research is only have data for ten weeks so far it will still be a long time until we have a vaccination to protect the world from malaria but now at least there's hope. there's some people who are absolute vaccine haters they say that

a lot of side effects that vaccination can kill people and that it doesn't save lives so what's a sign saying. it's important to understand that he usually vaccines before their license. development program so there are several studies they all look into the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines then there's the licensure process and independently looking at the data from this licensure trials and then also after being on the market there are systems that continuously monitor or if there are any very rare side effects and overall license vaccines more safe than they actually. are vaccinations for everyone or any restriction. well they're not really restrictions but what we have in germany is standing committee on nations so this committee of independent experts who look

at the. effectiveness safety and also at the disease where which people are affected by this disease and so based on this information this committee develops recommendation who in particular benefits from this vaccinations so for some vaccines like measles it's clear everybody is benefiting from this vaccine for others we're targeting more specific risk woops who are at particular risk of developing severe disease let's take a look at some arguments against tax evasion some people say that diseases belong to a child it's not the way of developing and choose needs to get sick to get a healthy immune system so there are truths about this. definitely not i would say you need to understand that we have vaccinating around. against around twelve diseases which are very dangerous actually to the child's health and by vaccinating

we're actually. inducing some immune response so there's a training of the immune system of the children on the other side also children are exposed to hundreds of pathogens every day almost so there's a continuous training of the immune system and by preventing the disease from these twelve very dangerous pathogens you prevent the disease and you prevent death so we don't overburden the the body with all those vaccines definitely not ok and that's the argument that many diseases have diminished because of better medicine or better hygenic standards another what works in nations it's without any doubt that world safe water clean water and better medicine contributed to that several of the infectious diseases not so frequent any longer. but definitely also contributed to this development you see this in areas where they are because of civil wars or other reasons when the vaccination program is being harmed so that vixenish and

coverage is dropping you see again an increase in these cases of preventable diseases and also death. what about dangers come to me nations of the vaccines or chemicals and impurities and there's also the claim that the nation could lead to alzheimer's disease well there are no dangerous chemicals in there as i explained earlier there's a process in the development and also license should they look into this exactly any chemicals that are harmful this harmful chemicals inside they would not be not be license some products inside that contributes for example to a better immune response but that's extreme what we what we want to have and want to see and there's really no good study that proves that for example alzheimer's is associated with with vaccination so what's what's your take on compulsory pixelation some countries already have them like italy france or strain well in

germany we are still a bit reluctant in introducing compulsory vaccination simply because we know where we have got the problems and i would say the major problems in not high enough vaccination coverage this in older children or under lessons or at us so when we introduce a compulsory vaccination at school entry this will not solve this problem and also we fear a bit of well maybe some negative impact on vaccines which are not mandatory so that maybe people believe that why is it not mandatory so then i don't get the other vaccine which is voluntary so we learned today is that they're not too many valid arguments against examination and that vaccination can really save lives thanks for having me today and if you've got any questions. experts writes me an email. the next episode will be in good shape is about people who lose their

memory at some point themselves to alzheimer's disease what happens in the brain what effect does it have and how promising is the research send your questions to in good shape. with the subject alzheimer's disease we look forward to hearing from you. that's a term for a severe personality disorder sufferer experience intense emotions and mood swings that can lead to an extreme tension people effected say that it's bearable they feel torn on the inside and suffer from. being alone one young woman made it out of the dangerous spiral of his disease by writing a book about it. for lao her it's an incredible feeling to see a book she wrote in the shops. she published the story of her life last year when

she was just twenty four she tells of her ups and downs and her struggle to find her way. in writing it all down was so helpful it just poured out of me. and now when i'm not having a good day i remind myself that i managed to write a five hundred ten page book if i could do that so i can surely cope with all the rest. and spent time in psychiatric wards and then in a therapeutic community her emotions were intense and all over the place she traces many of her problems back to having been raped at the age of thirteen then came a decade of depression and self harm. cutting myself was a way to feel something or release tension. i either felt like i had no feelings as if i were dead or i observe myself from the outside it's not really me down there.

it was like either i feel something right now or i'll just explode there was so much tension so much hatred and anger in me. now has regained some balance and self-confidence she doesn't try to conceal her troubles she's learned to live with her condition. she gives readings and talks about life with borderline personality disorder. the main reason i decided to get a grip on my life is that everybody was telling me i would never achieve anything so i was like i'll show them. that's what drove me if somebody calls me a loser that riles me so much i just want to show them. if they want to see you show them you can fly. low has been busy writing three books and all so far. and she occasionally puts out her own magazine.

i'm. writing gives me so much i just love writing. and with my stories i conjure up my own world. when i write i can express things i can't put into words when i talk it's great. isn't expecting any cure she's come to see her condition is something positive a resource she can harness to make a difference to me when i first read about the terrible effects of drinking i quit . reading. there's so many jokes about alcohol i think there's so abundant just guilty conscience but i think drinking a little bit and don't overdo it is perfectly ok but did you know that one cocktail has roughly about the same calories. like a sausage. many germans drink alcohol every day it's just part of

life. a bit to unwind with in the evening wine with a meal probably at a birthday party. people are evidently not too worried about all the calories they're consuming. because alcohol is just loaded. with. half a liter of beer contains two hundred ten calories. a point two liter glass of red wine one hundred seventy a glass of white just one hundred fifty with. a small glass of bubbly has eighty calories. a shot of spirits a mere thirty six but then the glass is tiny. for a truly huge dose of calories drink a cocktail a copy renia clocks in at three hundred. and cocktails made with cream will set you back five hundred or more. the german institute for human nutrition in potsdam has

been researching the effect of alcohol consumption on the body test participants reveal their drinking habits. studies almost all show that alcohol makes you fat. and people who drink a lot of alcohol a factor. especially around fightings and. it's not just the canneries alcohol also affects metabolic processes. it leads to the release of endorphins in the brain that makes you feel relaxed and decreases inhibitions it irritates the lining of the stomach that can make you feel hungry the pancreas reacts to alcohol by producing more insulin that too makes you feel hungry peanuts chips and chocolate become irresistible. vote for your fix to help the alcoholism metabolized mainly but not only end the liver and it

causes a lot of oxidative stress free radicals are produced processes and the souls are damaged cell functions are seriously compromised that holds especially true for the liver but for many many other organs as well. it's the liver's jump to detoxify alcohol if it's overwhelmed by large amounts the liver can malfunction which leads to the buildup of fatty deposits in the liver itself and also around the belly. it's not surprising that if people drink too much alcohol they put on weight. in germany overall contributes more to the fattening of the population than does wine. it has fewer calories per liter but germans drink a lot more of it. for the body it doesn't matter if alcohol comes from wine or beer the process of metabolizing it is the same. alcohol is especially bad for the

overweight and obese and for people who are sick with the amount of alcohol that healthy and slender people can handle may tip them over the edge. the key is moderation even the healthiest people should never drink too much. alcohol is supposed to make you stupid and indifferent i've no idea what that means and i don't care anyway so. until then let's all try to stay in good shape.

international talk show for journalists to discuss the topic of the week. after last sunday's national election here in germany europe's longest serving leader it's still clinging to power but how much. domestically and internationally. meet the germans new and surprising aspects of life and culture join. us american music takes a look at germany idiosyncracies at their traditions every day lives and language just my. good. guy r t w dot com the german.

gets about that. in song. it's all about george chance to discover the world from different perspectives. join us and being speired by distinctive instagram or hers at g.w. stories the two topics each week on instagram. but

.

this is the dubliners line from berlin the kurdish independence folks by photo spock's a backlash took a stop straining kurdish troops to fight so-called islamic states and holds joint military exercises with iraq. near the kurds kurds semi autonomous zone and airlines say they will suspend flights into and out of the kurds main airport will bring you the latest from the region also on the program germany's biggest football club by a munich socks that coach carlo and. the italian that pays the price for a disappointing start to the season. and playboy magazines are found a huge half that dies at the age of nineteen why did they not a millionaire empower women just a pattern of paul. i feel gail welcome to the program

a vote for independence by iraq's kurds has heightened tensions across the region baghdad is refusing to recognize the result and has ordered the closure of the main airport in the capital of the kurdish semi autonomous zone neighboring turkey meanwhile has suspended its training of kurdish troops to fight so-called islamic state it's also how the joint military exercises with baghdad's forces on the border of iraqi kurdistan but the most immediate effect could be on the region's links with the outside world. uncertainty clouds the air for tourists and in both the capital of iraq's kurdistan region their plans may be cut short after the independence referendum iraq's government is cracking down all international flights coming in and out of the city will be halted at the end of the week the head of the airport says this closure will not just affect the kurdish people. we have a beacon about off refugee that using the airport and we used to be

a peace between syria and. tools since the humanitarian eight two of those places and we hosted coalition forces here so this is meant to be for everything. after voting for a session kurds in iraq could hardly contain themselves thousands flooded the streets in northern iraq to celebrate the referendum they had been pushing for for years we have been living under occupation and suffering for a hundred years but today we rejected that yes for independence and freedom for the kurdish people. iraqi kurdistan is already an autonomous region but the minority kurds want to break away to form an independent state that would include areas like the oil rich region near kirkuk baghdad has called the vote unconstitutional iraq's prime minister has vowed to keep iraq from breaking apart. they took

advantage of the situation and expanded outside the constitution i don't want to say that we will use force but we will use understanding and constitutional means if they respond to this then that's fine and today i demand that they return all the areas they recaptured from the islamic state it's what parliament decided. iraq's neighbors have also rejected the referendums results the turkish president warned that the kurds responding an ethnic war in the region. let's go to iraqi kurdistan then where we find d.w. correspondent just fobbed karim in the saudi money a welcome jafar so let's start with this flight this was baghdad reacted to this independence vote by talking about banning flights from friday how are people reacting to that. people here are really confused about it kind of like afraid they're asking what's going to happen with them the next weeks the next

days they know they don't even know how serious this blockade is going to take into action and even when you see talks with foreigners most of the foreigners are trying to leave so many feel today and even we were just journalist and the people who are here now to cover what's going on insulin money on their meal are also asks to leave and should be evacuated till to morrow morning so there's a kind of tension what will happen what if there's not enough food coming in you know what it's really there's a blockade concerning the people here so they're really worried you know. and could really expect this referendum to lead to independence was i mean they are happy now that they did this referendum they are happy that the majority said yes i mean ninety two percent said yes for this referendum i when you talk to them they say it's our right we want to have a core state we want to be independent

a lot of them even when i talk to them today in the street the whole day they told me i see myself i am a court i'm not an iraqi it's time for us to be an independent but still the question for them is like how will all this lead to independence what will happen what is the next plan what's what's going to be the next step and this is what's also making them think a lot especially when you talk with them about the economical situation here in kurdistan iraq it's so such depending on. on the state iraq and it's also depending on exports from outside will this influence their daily life that's what the people are thinking about because when you talk to people in their below they're already getting to the supermarket and buying food and buying the necessity things in order to protect themselves within the next days but it's also important to mention at the same time when you tell them like why did you vote. why didn't you say we don't want to vote they said no we want your state and we are ready to face any challenges facing us because we believe we believe in it and it's our right and we

have been doing so much and been having so much challenges the last years our our history is food of challenges and we will also overcome this challenge so. there was jubilation then the results of this referendum and then presumably shock at the reaction from baghdad what it's a sort of mood now i mean now and now the mood everyone is really waiting for what's going to happen tomorrow i just talked to one of the leaders here in kurdistan iraq who is the leaders for the campaign say no and he still believes that was not the right decision to say yes and he also believes that the their way they're a friend and was done it's illegal and he will go into legal steps concerning from iraq the iraqis are very concerned because they see kurdistan iraq as part of iraq and they don't want to get it divided but people here say we will go our way to karim and solar manufacturer. britain and they have had

a constructive week as the fourth round of formal talks come to an end in brussels britain's brac secretary david davis was upbeat the teams had made decisive steps forward but his european counterparts michel barnier has warned that more progress is needed for the next phase of talks on trade and the transition period can begin . well t w about your of course from the matters has been covering those talks he joins us from brussels welcome so reading between the lines of the statements from the two sides what has been your assessment of this fourth round. i would say this fourth round was a little more constructive there was a little bit more clarity but all of that is a far cry from actual agreement so in key areas both sides remain divided for instance if you look at the brics it builds on the financial can financial commitments that the u.k.'s two on or an agreement is far off weeks even month the

same goes for the citizen rights issues where the european court of justice remains a big issue whether that should be should have any say in the in a future u.k. outside of the e.u. northern ireland still a lot of unanswered questions and even the structure of the talks so the idea first to settle the divorce issues and then move on to future relationship even that is not acknowledged by the bracks of negotiating david from the u.k. so a lot of disagreement actually under the surface now the prime minister theresa may made a speech in florence last week and that looked like an attempt to sort of try and reset the negotiating mood did it. i had the chance to talk to a body language expert this week and he said to me look from the pictures he sees the personal relationship the good mood is actually a fact so the two breaks it negotiators the british side and the e.u. side actually do get along but the key issue is substance in these talks and today

the european parliament has issued a draft a statement that is to be decided on next week that talked about the absence of any clear proposals and that really is the key issue the e.u. side expects the u.k. to put on the table their position to the brakes a bill to civil sort of a civil citizen rights and to the issue of a hard border with northern ireland and these until these positions are clear negotiations will remain in the situation where they are now are now and not move actually forward. matters in brussels thank you. now germany's biggest football club by munich says it has fired star coach carlo and chelsea a fifty eight year old italian showing the punters they could champions in twenty sixteen and winning the title in his first year and a lot is also a three time champions league with byron wanted him to bring him back in time for as well yesterday's humiliating a three nil loss to perry sundram out in the champions league appears to have been

the final straw capping a string of lackluster performances. they don't do sports correspondent to chris harrington can to tell a smile i welcome chris so was it all about power resounds amount of not three no loss yesterday i think it's safe to say in my opinion that was strike number three for carla and byron you know three one is their biggest loss in three male scuse me is their biggest loss the champions league in sixteen years now prior to that mishap domestically they haven't had the best form they draw against wolves in munich horrible they had a two nil lead at half time and then before that they lose to hoffenheim right now statistically they're off the table their worst start since the twenty ten twenty eleven season and that season bar did not walk away with the bundesliga title call exalogic was brought in to do one thing win silverware only european stage because then winning domestically is just not news you know you have to look at it in the.