stations are deemed to be sensitive when it comes to security concerns and the army has deployed four hundred thousand security personnel here so security is definitely a huge issue people are concerned we've seen suicide attacks so everyone here is on very high alert and as we mentioned those national elections kicking off in pakistan on wednesday naomi conrad with the very latest ahead of that poll thank you so much. with that you're up to date now on t w news i'm sarah kelly in berlin thank you so much for watching have a great day. glad we were. when do we want it now eighty percent of americans at some point in our lives will experience hardship. listening.

audience. since the dawn of time humans have reproduced through natural means. but might be active conception through physical leader course become an outdated concept in the not too distant future. the story began forty years ago in britain with three magical letters. in vitro fertilization a revolutionary technique to help sterile couples. the british public was shocked by a science that could substitute for nature when louise brown the first test tube baby

was born in the minds of many back then artificial conception would inevitably produce munster's lead deformed babies. born healthy krar. forty years on and i v.f. is now practiced daily across the globe today about three hundred fifty thousand children are born every year as a result of assisted reproduction technologies. three percent of all births in western countries three in a thousand in the rest of the world. it's a market projected to be worth twenty billion dollars by the year two thousand and twenty. medically assisted reproduction is increasingly

widespread in india it's less expensive than in the west and as such far more widely affordable. this is one of the world's top clinics. its founder dr nyhan if i tell renamed the facility meaning desire or wish. here's a video break out of the feeding frenzy ok we had that. every step the laser this is today. the knowledge of litigation technology with the biggest freezer that's available to the to find the exit buz forms everything everything what one would expect. of this world to have an info to lead to dead victims. dr patel and her team use the technology to perform about a thousand in vitro fertilization is

a year to clear their views we need to do here anomalies she would grab one extra leg in the natural cycle here to work for do our year we need a good cohort of six to seven eight. folks who for. this is a very far exceeded act against bonds. you can see them drop us bombs on the age of the dog let. their morning. this is. good to head off to school with no warning into the phone.

and. say this is embraced or. this is the band lips flexing as a system looking for six fish and one two three four five six fish and slate at that time into the school this is a video or they look mental from video. this thing you know we can see soul will eventually do the patient. how this baby little nothing will do unless we can see. each one by one also we can judge which in many ways. that we love them feel. who will and we can select to make them feel for us.

it takes an average of four attempts at in vitro fertilization to achieve a pregnancy a success rate comparable to that in nature. a fertile couple aged twenty five who have regular sex also has a one in four chance in each menstrual cycle of conceiving a baby. dr patel with her state of the art equipment obtains a pregnancy on every second attempt. course best. let him sleep med that bed. simple to sleep no he won't. over the years medical techniques have evolved for treatments for female

infertility and also male sterility the methods now enjoy widespread acceptance. when a couple can't reproduce with their own game eats their eggs and sperm they can resort to donors. the world's largest sperm bank is in our host denmark cryo sri cvs a huge number and range of applications and demand is by no means limited to heterosexual couples. single women and lesbian couples can now also have their own child. the proliferation of options has. led to a booming market. holds sperm from hundreds of donors and has an impressive online catalog. is easier than the paper's photos of the donor and you can browse through the mole. and then you can go and see. if i screwed up. race cook asian ethnicity danish english

french height one ninety one weight one hundred kilo build a political suicide forty five closing size. most in attendance quotations ninety nine. if you see how the handwriting is the reader might get an. idea about what kind of personality is behind that don't here we even have a mechanic me on a website so you can pick them favorite and then you can retrieve your favorites again and then never them to one so small is the same as in real life and then if you found the right one the truth from. this is that they want to speaking. we have probably somewhere between two inches five searches to five. samples in a tank like this here. but still four thousand children here keep in the cold

liquid nitrogen minus one hundred ninety six degrees old biologically active you just stuffed so this ritual can be kept here for flavor. the cheapest one to serve anonymous to home from basic profile to the most expensive use astral from an anonymous donor with six. ten percent of them don't come to this have. which can be approved because we need to have good turn from the kind. people are searching for. and.

it's difficult to attract. charge. we can't increase the parish for a change where all. this is a marker for those of them on the line and if your. price goes down to. this nation. in the united states on the other hand almost everything is permitted provided you have the financial means sperm banks are in greater demand than ever and there's a flourishing market for egg cells as the extraction process can be problematic and painful donors can sell their eggs for up to twenty five thousand dollars. i decided to become an examiner. actually with a friend joking around by how fertile i was and said you know you should probably

just donate the eggs and make some money to help pay for your bills while you do it . and it was a joke and we laughed and later i looked more into it it was almost like the god inside of my head and wouldn't go away where i was two and a half years ago was a single mom of three heads putting myself through school and juggling a job and trying to figure out how i was going to afford everything how i was going to take care of the kids and there is a an amount that they pay you for doing it and so it ended up being kind and. this interesting situation where i was able to pay off all my student loans and create a pretty good life for make heads. the procedure itself is you go for your initial exam with the doctor and then. they do it on tristan

they count your follicles to see how many you have and where you are in your cycle and then after some time you start the injections i had to do two per day for i think it was seven days and then i had to do three a day for i think it was three days and then on day ten or eleven depending on how your body responds to the medication you give yourself another shot was just called a trigger shot. and then your retrieval is normally twenty four hours after that and there's about two or three days where you are uncomfortable and. just a little bit sore.

smith founded the first bank in the us twenty seven years ago the immaturity own sights of three hundred young women are now available in her catalogue. it all began when she herself had to turn to a donor after losing a baby. i think my own case. you know there's sadness that i felt when i lost my child and the seven years i spent trying to get pregnant after that really affected me and to this day i feel wonderful when i can give people hope back in their lives i know from having had my own children what it meant to me to become a mother and how grateful i am to the donor all the time so if someone comes to us

from plants or germany they have no options they can't do this at home. so they come to the donor cowperwood tomorrow to california and for the donors there is that idea that this part of your spirit is going out across the world to help someone who's really a stranger and yet that passion for having a child that desire that yearning is the same for every human being on the planet it doesn't matter it's what do legionnaires it doesn't matter what their skin color is doesn't matter what their cultures everybody wants to have. the biggest part is just the the gift that you get to give but then also there's a gift you receive and hearing their story and and being part of that and they let you into a really special almost private part of their life that nobody else really gets

besides the doctors and them gets to be a part of so it was a world they never knew existed and once i got to be a part of it i just love being a part of it now and it's very well said. i think going into it you really have to mentally prepare for the fact that this is not my child so i never went into it with someone else was having my child or this is. someone out in the world has my children and they have their children and i was just able to help them make that a reality or not oh. oh. technological progress also leads to the temptations of selecting the embryo to be implanted of choosing the gender of the child for example. so where is the borderline between self comfort and medical treatment to.

canada like scrubs the united states is about fifty fifty in england likes girls a little bit more than boys spain like sports south america largely boys china mostly all boys so every country france is a little bit more for girls the voice. dr jeffrey steinberg was one of the first to see the future importance of the tailor made baby for years he has given couples the possibility of choosing their child's gender and that's just the beginning. we are world leaders in the selection of gender. every single one of these charts has come in with a request for a boy or girl and requests for genetic normalcy so to make things easy we label the boys blue we label the girls pink same price boy or girl about nineteen thousand dollars total. this is an embryo they were about

to perform a biopsy we're going to remove one of the cells each cell in the embryo has the same genetics as every other cell so by taking out one cell you can get all the genetic information about the entire brain it's a very delicate process the embryos are very fragile. this is an advancement of the chromosomes that came from one cell and what we've done is we've lit up the x. and y. chromosomes we have x. y. which means this is a male embryo if we had too x. . two greens that would be a female member. and then we allow people to add on additional things if they want or allowing them to start screening for eye color there's an additional cost. i remember when we first announced i color and allowing couples to choose the eye color of their baby we

actually got a call from the vatican and they were very very nice there were scientists at the bathroom but they expressed their concerns and expressed the fact that perhaps society wasn't quite ready for this and asked us to go very slowly and very carefully which of course we always do. there's a huge number of things that we're going after obesity is one of the ones everything else as far as we know is far more complex skin complection very very complex and no one's really identified exactly what causes all of skin what causes white skin what causes black skin and everything in between so we're looking at it but we're not approaching it at this point. i.q. is not going to happen in my lifetime it's tremendously complex and we're not sure exactly where it comes from clearly people with high i.q.'s have been studied for years and years and years including einstein himself and we haven't yet put our

finger on whether it's. a good. god. and yet in the one nine hundred eighty s. certain scientists couldn't help playing the sorcerer's apprentice by sorting donors according to their i.q. . more than two hundred children were born with the aid of the so-called genius sperm bank like. today they're in their thirty's. this is my dad in the. after show my dad was infertile so what happened was actually my mother's mother. was so my grandmother was watching a talk show and on this talk show was this little boy named dawran blake and his mother and they were talking about the genius sperm bank and how this boy was born

this way and so my grandmother thought oh my gosh this is a perfect idea so she called my mom and she said i know how you can still have a family i found the perfect solution for you so my parents checked it out and it looked great the sperm was like fed exed from california to new york a big tank arrived and i was conceived so he wanted the nutshell that's what i've. basically my parents picked donor clear from a catalog of different donors that were available and this is all the information i have that he is outstanding intellect with exceptional athletic ability so my parents told me when i was very young that i was born from this they told me when i was maybe one or two years old so it's always been a part of me i've never known any other way of existing. home so

for me it's very very normal and it's nothing strange and it's totally who i am and i couldn't even tell you what it feels like because i don't know what it's like to feel a different way. i think that nature has its way of giving us the perfect baby genes come into play lists definitely and i think it's just one ingredient in like many things that make up a human being and how their lives plays out. most of our donors have an i.q. over one third. one sixty one seventy two if i recall correctly and their personal health splendid. where you take us all a tour of your laboratory here dr gravatt show us. president show us how what goes on here person wants to show because sperm are not very photogenic

but. for two decades dr robert graham used this freezer to store the sperm of three nobel prize winners and about twenty other donors with exceptional i.q.'s before his establishment closed following his death. we utilized who would be emerging leader and recruit through the book and remark from zero in each movie we write who are proposing to be a coach. and one or two percent of us would respond you would be better of. this girl goes in search of beautiful child and show gift everybody with. one has no wife not only becomes a mother and which you dearly want to be or she has the very wealthiest brightest

child she could care. for you and purchase a painting you construct procreation is one of the most meaningful things we can do . the key to human improvement is to add more had been painted. cvs to the human gene pool. this is for the super clear what we're doing. in space in the biomedical company economics offers its clients the possibility of choosing from numerous genetic characteristics before implanting an embryo this includes gender selection which is banned in india for example as well as many other countries. the process is called p.g.d. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or recipe to create a perfect child in perfect health. the first step involves compatibility testing

with a donor. in my locale say school in our system we analyze and combine the diagnoses performed on patients with those performed on donors to offer optimal fertilise ation offer a fair one other must see on the miami so will so to prevent the transmission of any possible anomaly as that could cause deformities in a fetus yes or a people under the age of their skin then see i'm afraid that assertion is that a mutation it's positive therefore it. just has to get punished for me then i'll bet that this equipment enables us to obtain within the space of about eight hours around four hundred million radius of human genome sequences when they have their head on one.

big number you know number one is normal body he's a few. number sixty. six that can't really get it you know this patient has suffered through. three miscarriages none of her pregnancies reached full term in your honeymoon in the past that they'd be known for months and i once had a really good c.e.o. . that he was the same way on a space on planet earth two embryos visibly normal on the way not us without us i don't know all that and i enjoyed it and that's a good result for a thirty nine year old patient. here and the case of this forty three year old patient however we've analyzed two embryos to be our best effort on earth of them unfortunately appear abnormal and that's why it's so important to analyze the embryos with mothers over the age of thirty six and beyond if we had implanted these two embryos it could have caused a miscarriage or a child with a chromosomal abnormality. the new technologies are

huge we can do everything nowadays it some believe of all how the knowledge has revolutionised everything in the eighty's what matters was the patient became pregnant we used to transfer three or four embryos with their mates where there's the embryo transfer to the mother now the most important thing is one houthi baby at home. if you want to have a baby is going to be the second revolution go to the professional and you would have a healthy baby and leave the sex for fun. in some cases scientists invent what nature has not allowed. remarkable developments have been made in recent years. it's now possible to conceive a child from more than the traditional two parents.

it's a technology that requires the d.n.a. from three different parents. mitochondria which provide energy for the body's cells also possess their own d.n.a. . researchers remove the nucleus of a defective ovum from the biological mother and injected into the healthy ovum from a donor already with its own nucleus removed. this extremely difficult operation transferring the nucleus from one over to another is directly inspired by cloning. the next step comprises classic in vitro fertilization the future baby will thus possess three different types of d.n.a. those of its two parents plus that from the mitochondria of the donor. mitochondria are all the fairy small fragments in each town our body that was essential to see an easy way people think about moves really are that the power stations or the factories that really put you see energy or how cells need to work and we

know that this mitochondrial d.n.a. is specifically passed down some of us to do. what we want to trying to do is to try and prevent not transmission by transferring over the nucleus you nothing material from the night which is gone the fact of mitochondrial d.n.a. into a name which is gone healthy mitochondria. what's really important is that this sort of technology can find major impact on future generations because if we can prevent the disease actually in the in the off spring training. but could be counted on for generations. editing the human germline is a hugely controversial issue in genetics and yet in february twenty fifteen the british parliament crossed that line and made the country the first to give the go ahead for three parent babies. for. the audience

for the right three hundred eighty to the nose to the left one hundred and twenty eight. so the eyes have it oh you said it oh. babies will soon be born in britain using the technique in the meantime an american team has already helped to produce the world's first three parent baby at a clinic in mexico where the law is more permissive than in the u.s. . to preempt criticism before passing such a groundbreaking laws in the house of lords in britain consulted numerous specialists in the field. among them the philosopher john harris lord alliance professor of bioethics at manchester university. in the case of. science who are. applying

a sort of huge and tearing framework you have to ask the question. polluting this science to develop to the point where we know whether it is safe or not in humans. will this benefit humankind or will it be to the detriment of humankind but is the moral question. the three parent label for mitochondrial. is misleading. there is a sense in which it's true basically the. d.n.a. the mitochondrial d.n.a. contains less than one percent of the total it does not transmit any of the normal things that we think of in connection with d.n.a. so it doesn't transmit phenotypical traits. but they do come from a third party but. i mean. you might say two parents good three parents.

and it's possible to go even further much further as seen on the other side of the atlantic one american company over science has been working for years on rejuvenating aging eggs to allow women to effectively turn back their biological clocks and extend their childbearing years. over science it's a company that's working on cutting edge treatments but we're discovering technologies to make it all. young again. either by injecting the mitochondria. in cells that are very supportive. in the future or what we want our medicines that you can take just take a pill for a week and suddenly

a woman gets back her fertility and even saw a woman that's been in many theoretically we think that we can bring back total fertility in. the really exciting work that seems like science fiction but we're almost there that's called over sure so what have we got here might. have sort of human ovarian. or put in the right environment. we believe do so have the ability to make human eggs. so let's have a look at these under the microscope. they did a full. so these are the ones that you're a screening for a genetic defects that's correct and tested these are the stem cells from

a woman that we grow in the lab we've been growing these for now a couple of years and we're learning to turn these cells into eggs. and those will eventually become children. that would be a real resolution because we could have hundreds of healthy eggs from a single simple operation but because we could also screen. for genetic errors and even one day correct their genetic errors before we even develop an egg or an embryo.

without mary ellen parag do run is examining a sixty six day old humans for matters or. has this chemist made a breakthrough in the treatment of male sterility. miserable failure. these are the design we used hydrogen is materials in a tube uniform and these hydrogen tube. it's turned out to be an excellent bioreactors for ensuring the maturation of spermatozoa it's from the south this is us you have to let us feel just as much as we do this in john. says he went to team work for twenty three years to attain this result the first spermatozoa we obtained was from a rat. that we moved on to humanist of it as you can do ha no get on the best. man.

for not now we have to show that the spermatozoa is our fertile. the folklorist the mice and we have to all stay reasonable and understand that there are still lots of work to be done it's not a transgenic mouse that we're setting out to make so little human beings in it he said until. we get lots of sterile men contacting us who want to see if we can help them with that they want to know how our research is progressing. going on there. is a wonderful some couple send us their photos on a human level that's really touching so if we can help them become parents i personally would be extremely happy and i find the idea extremely moving. there are still some idealists out here. for

a long time researchers have known how to identify and alter genes in d.n.a. what they have not yet managed however is to obtain the efficiency and speed at low cost offered by a natural mechanism called d.n.a. scissors recently discovered inside bacteria. then able the bacteria to target the d.n.a. of an intruding virus and cut it up to prevent it from reproducing. these molecular scissors have been given a code name crisper cas nine bows. unrivaled precision they have been used by geneticists to cut and replace any segment of d.n.a. in any living organism. the discovery of the gene scissors in my shop on she instantly catapulted into the elite group of potential nobel prize winners the max planck institute in berlin has since rewarded her with a golden opportunity to continue her revolutionary work as director of the renowned

research organisation. what he's swinging for evolution or insisting on the genes that he does being picked up by. numerous labs around the word to. perform precise you need keeps you know knowledge a number of senators and albany times and she's with you technology is at the semantics. too we didn't treat. prior to be used for. a shift. and what if scientists were to cross the line and genetically edit human embryos that's exactly what a team did at a chinese university. by using crisper managed to correct a d.n.a. mutation responsible for a blood disease the modified embryos were never intended to be reimplanted but the experiment shocked the world because it opens the door to the concept and conception of genetically altered humans.

seclusion if it's taken on a gene isn't fully developed it better still fail so it won't be usable for humans for a number of use but it will be by twenty twenty five or twenty thirty so we must anticipate the ethical questions that will arise because technologies like this will be able to multi find d.n.a. the chromosomes of babies and also their physical and even into law. troll characteristics these will be the principal tools for making. the world needs to reflect on these issues but for once we have the time to reflect on what we're going to do with the existence of this extraordinary power regarding our genetic and biological nature to get. the range of reproduction tools continues to grow from i.d.f. to crisper cast nine three parrot baby food and game it's made from stem cells. it

seems that the dream of the tailor made baby will soon become reality. i believe that he is a person that has it taken a genius to not be used to treat you one time lines and i know so personally quite for strictly it was read out as a usage of the technology for your own radios and just because when you start a menu today tell sarah and cross easy to your line of an hour or so but he said to take a machine is not radians nonspecific. days to be used. in any case. many are concerned and think that the genetic modification of embryos is a red line that must be crossed. ality is subtle red lines always shift over time the pill abortion i.v.'s the artificial heart all of these were considered unacceptable a few decades ago we no longer see them as i'm crossed red lines as absolutely

indispensable innovations. so we can't exclude the possibility of embryonic genetic modification becoming commonplace that they'll no longer be a red line in your eyes. this genetic heritage which is a pivotal part of our diversity and uniqueness is the basis of esther foxx. his work. the artist would most likely not have survived the embryo selection stage. this is a condo as well. it's a new piece of what i've made to be installed in the science museum looking at genetic testing and thinking about the value of human life and whether we're going down the road that we haven't really thought of this past implications for society

. it's not that i'm completely the progress that's being made within genetics in some cases i think it might be very useful for treatment of counsel for instance when it's a life threatening condition but what concerns me is the idea of saying somebody's life is less valuable somebody else and i think currently the debate which is coming mainly from the medical profession is that they are making judgments about the quality of somebody's life without any experience themselves of actually living with is a genetic condition i feel my own experience is that i have a very full life i'm extremely busy probably too busy to really and there i'm very happy marriage i have a full family life. and i don't see that my quality of life is limits is a tool but i know that the medical side of my condition would be seen as

a condition that people wouldn't want to wish on their child but i think that's what i'm trying to rebalance to paper in the. somebody said to me. you know we could change your life if you could have be good and not have your condition but you might not be the person that you are today. that way. the. law is very difficult but there are still many families believe that scientists. and it's not a condition that makes you stop by itself and be surrounding single and be asked to choose that you face. is that if we can start adjusting

those while living in that's the vatican and the people who maybe would have a much fuller case to them by big society and i think we need to stop thinking about humanity. blood. pakistan is heading to the polls amidst an unprecedented crackdown on the media. we will tell you everything you need to name it was live coverage and reports from

islamabad and local. to sleep on the wu. earth home to millions of species the home we're seeing being. globally geos tells stories of creative people and innovative projects around the world ideas the protect the climate boost clean energy solutions and reforestation . using interactive content. inspire people to take action blueblood dio's the environment series of global three thousand on t.w. and online. must feel heavy metal. box open air festival in northern germany. fucking metal bubble will showcase dozens of newcomers from around the globe. b.t.w. and club exports are going to their. market over their two thousand and ten

storage dollars segment to double up on. plane . this is v.w. news when live from bartlett deadly wildfires in greece a firefighter describing a scene of horror in their so they were in groups of three in full it looked like they were friends and families who are trying to protect themselves. at least seventy four people die as fast moving fires get closer to the cow.