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since the dawn of time humans have reproduced through natural means. but might the act of conception through physical intercourse become an outdated concept in the not too distant future. the story began forty years ago in britain with three magical letters. in vitro fertilization a revolutionary technique to help sterile couples. the british public was shocked by a science that could substitute for nature when louise brown the first test tube baby

was born in the minds of many back then artificial conception would inevitably produce monstrously deformed babies. born in healthy krar. forty years on and i v.f. is now practiced daily across the globe today about three hundred fifty thousand children are born every year as a result of assisted reproduction technologies. three percent of all births in western countries three in a thousand in the rest of the world. it's a market projected to be worth twenty billion dollars by the year two thousand and twenty. medically assisted reproduction is increasingly

widespread in india it's less expensive than in the west and as such far more widely affordable. this is one of the world's top clinics. its founder dr nyhan if i tell renamed the facility meaning desire or wish. here's a way to break out the feedback for you graveyard at. every step the laser this is today. to technology doesn't need to be kitchen technology with the biggest freezer that's available to litter find the exit bills from everything everything what one would expect. this would do have an info to make to be treated to give them. dr patel and her team use the technology to perform about a thousand in vitro fertilization is

a year to clear their views we need to do our year and normally she would have one naturally in our natural cycle here where for two i.d.f. we need a good cohort of six to seven a. good friend. this is a very far it's a good acting spot. you can see them drop us bombs on the age of. the doctor. they are running. this is all. good to head for the school this morning in jan go home.

and. see this is embraced or. this is the time lips left i miss it i'm looking for six fish and one book a full five six fish and sled at that time and just goes. this is a video of all four of them look mental from video. this is timing you know we can all see so will eventually the patient. how they've been be a little nothing to day last week and see. on each one by one all so we can judge which in many ways. that will help them feel. to will and begin to let me get them to you for us.

it takes an average of four attempts at in vitro fertilization to achieve a pregnancy a success rate comparable to that in nature. a fertile couple aged twenty five who have regular sex also has a one in four chance in each menstrual cycle of conceiving a baby. dr patel with her state of the art equipment obtains a pregnancy on every second attempt. your heart best. let him sleep let him sleep by a bed that bed up. civil to sleep no. over the years medical techniques have evolved for treatments for female

infertility and also males to realty the methods now enjoy widespread acceptance. when a couple can't reproduce with their own game it's their eggs and sperm they can resort to donors. the world's largest sperm bank is in our homes denmark cryo sri cvs a huge number and range of applications and demand is by no means limited to heterosexual couples. single women and lesbian couples can now also have their own child. the proliferation of options has. led to a booming market. holds sperm from hundreds of donors and has an impressive online catalog. you see of the the baby photos of the donor and you can browse through the mole. and then you can go and see. if i screwed up. race cook asian ethnicity danish english

french pipe one ninety one weight nine hundred kilo build electric shoes size forty five closing size it's a lot of emotional intelligence quotations ninety nine. if you see how the handwriting is the reader might get an. idea about what kind of personality is behind that don't here we even have a make a nice me on a website so you can click them favorite and then you can retrieve your favorites again and then met with them to one so small is the same as in the real life and then if you found the right one the truth and. it's. this is that they want to speaking. we have probably somewhere between choices of five thirty thirty five. samples in a tank like this here. but still for some children here keep in the cold

liquid nitrogen minus one hundred ninety six degrees old biologically active you just stuffed so this material can be kept here for a favor. the cheapest one is anonymous to and from the basic profile of the most expensive use astral from an anonymous donor on the text. from. ten percent of the don't come to this have. can be approved because we need to have . people are searching for the.

country it's going to attract. we increase the parish on the fringe where all. this is democracy and those of them on the planet and if you're too much influence in. this nation. in the united states on the other hand almost everything is permitted provided you have the financial means sperm banks are in greater demand than ever and there's a flourishing market for. as the extraction process can be problematic and painful donors can sell their eggs for up to twenty five thousand dollars. i decided to become an examiner. actually with a friend joking around by how fertile i was and said you know you should probably

just donate the eggs and make some money to help pay for your bills while you do it and it was a joke and we laughed and later i looked more into it it was almost like the inside of my head and wouldn't go away where i was two and a half years ago was a single mom of three heads putting myself through school and juggling a job and trying to figure out how i was going to afford everything how i was going to take care of the kids and there is a an amount that they pay you for doing it and so it ended up being kind and. this interesting situation where i was able to pay off all my student loans and created a pretty good life for make heads. the procedure itself is you go for your initial exam with the doctor and then. they do an on tristan around

they count your follicles to see how many you have and where you are in your cycle and then after some time you start the injections i had to do two per day for i think it was seven days and then i had to do three a day for i think it was three days and then on day ten or eleven depending on how your body responds to the medication you give yourself another shot was just called a trigger shot. and then your retrieval is normally twenty four hours after that and there's about two or three days where you are uncomfortable and. just a little bit sore. but.

very. chilly smith founded the first egg bank in the us twenty seven years ago the immaturity store own sights of three hundred young women are now available in her catalog. it all began when she herself had to turn to a donor after losing a baby. you know. i think my own case. you know the sadness that i felt when i lost my child and was seven years i spent trying to get pregnant after that really affected me and to this day i feel wonderful when i can give people hope back in their lives i know from having had my own children what it meant to me to become a mother and how grateful i am to the donor all the time so if someone comes to us

from plants or germany they have no options they can't do this at home. so they come to the donor cowperwood tomorrow to california and for the donors there is that idea that this part of your spirit is going out across the world to help someone who is really a stranger and yet that passion for having a child that they are that yearning is the same for every human being on the planet it doesn't matter is what their religion is it doesn't matter what their skin color is doesn't matter what their culture is everybody wants to have. the biggest part is just. the gift that you get to give but then also there's a gift you receive and hearing their story and and being part of that and they let you into a really special almost private part of their life that nobody else really gets

besides the doctors and them gets to be a part of so it was a world they never knew existed and once i got to be a part of it i just love being a part of it now and it's very well said. i think going into it you really have to mentally prepare for the fact that this is not my child so i never went into it with someone else was having my child or this is. someone out in the world has my children and they have their children and i was just able to help them make that a reality are known. to. technological progress also leads to the temptations of selecting the embryo to be implanted of choosing the gender of the child for example. so where is the borderline between self comfort and medical treatment.

canada likes girls the united states is about fifty fifty in england likes girls a little bit more than boys spain like sports south america largely boys china mostly all boys so every country france is a little bit more for girls than boys. dr jeffrey steinberg was one of the first to see the future importance of the tailor made baby for years he has given couples the possibility of choosing their child's gender and that's just the beginning. we are world leaders in the selection of gender. every single one of these charts has come in with a request for a boy or girl and requests for genetic normalcy so to make things easy we label the boys blue we label the girls pink same prize boy or girl about nineteen thousand dollars total. this is an embryo that we're about

to perform a biopsy we're going to remove one of the cells each cell in the embryo has the same genetics as every other cell so by taking out one cell you're going to get all the genetic information about the entire embryo it's a very delicate process the embryos are very fragile. this is an advancement of the chromosomes that came from one cell and what we've done is we've lit up the x. and y. chromosomes and we have x. y. which means this is a male embryo if we had too x. . to greens that would be a female member. and then we allow people to add on additional things that they want we're allowing them to start screening for eye color there's an additional cost. i remember when we first announced i color and allowing couples to choose the eye color of their baby

we actually got a call from the vatican and they were very very nice there were scientists at that thing but they expressed their concerns and expressed the fact that perhaps society wasn't quite ready for this and asked us to go very slowly and very carefully which of course we always do. there's a huge number of things that we're going after obesity is one of the ones everything else as far as we know is far more complex skin complection very very complex and no one's really identified exactly what causes all of skin what causes white skin what causes black skin and everything in between so we're looking at it but we're not approaching it at this point i.q. is not going to happen in my lifetime it's tremendously complex and we're not sure exactly where it comes from clearly people with high i.q.'s have been studied for years and years and years including einstein himself and we haven't yet put our

finger on where it's a. lab. and yet in the one nine hundred eighty s. certain scientists couldn't help playing the sorcerer's apprentice by sorting donors according to their i.q. . more than two hundred children were born with the aid of this so-called genius sperm bank like lee and around. today they're in their thirty's. my dad and me. after a show. my dad was infertile so what happened was actually my mother's mother. was so my grandmother was watching a talk show and on this talk show was this little boy named dawran blake and his mother and they were talking about the genius sperm bank and how this boy was born

this way and so my grandmother thought oh my gosh this is a perfect idea so she called my mom and she said i know how you can still have a family i found the perfect solution for you so my parents checked it out and it looked great the sperm was like fed exed from california to new york a big tank arrived and i was conceived. he wanted in a nutshell that's what i've. basically my parents picked donor clear from a catalog of different donors that were available and this is all the information i have that he is outstanding intellect with exceptional athletic ability so my parents told me when i was very young that i was born from this they told me when i was maybe one or two years old so it's always been a part of me i've never known any other way of existing. home so

for me it's very very normal and it's nothing strange and it's totally who i am and i couldn't even tell you what it feels like because i don't know what it's like to feel a different way. i think that nature has its way of giving us the perfect baby genes come into play it's definitely and i think it's just one ingredient in like many things that make up a human being and how their lives plays out. most of our donors have an i.q. over one third. one sixty one seventy two if i recall correctly in their present so sickle health splendid. where you take us all the tour of your laboratory here dr gravatt show us he. has me show us how what goes on here person much to show because sperm are not very photogenic but.

for two decades dr robert graham used this freezer to store the sperm of three nobel prize winners and about twenty other donors with exceptional like humans before his establishment closed following his death. i read you one who would be merging reader and regroup through the book and remark tomorrow and each movie we write. proposing would you be your own. and one or two percent of the respondent you would be bending the rules of. this girl who is in search of beautiful child and true gift to everybody when. the woman has no wife not only becomes a mother which you dearly want the question has some very healthy as prices try she

could care. for you and participating in constructive procreation is one of the most meaningful things we can do the key to human improvement is to add more advantageous. sheaves to the human gene pool. this is who certainly what we're doing. in space in the biomedical company if you know makes offers its clients the possibility of choosing from numerous genetic characteristics before implanting an embryo this includes gender selection which is banned in india for example as well as many other countries. the process is called p.g.d. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or recipe to create a perfect child in perfect health. the first step involves compatibility testing

with a donor. is the same model gas is called in our system we analyze and combine the diagnoses performed on patients with those performed on donors to offer optimal fertilization of a fair one of the must see all of the miami so will so to prevent the transmission of any possible anomaly as that could cause deformities in a fetus years for a report on the data destined n.c.i. effect the assertion is that a nutrition it's positive therefore it. is such a good honest person in general and that this equipment enables us to obtain within the space of about eight hours around four hundred million radius of human genome sequences well yeah there can only.

be a member you know number one who's normal body. number six to. see if that can't be any of this patient has suffered through. three miscarriages none of her pregnancies reached full turn if you know what you want and that's what they did me no understanding on my study early that is the only. that it was doesn't me on its own planet two embryos visibly normal probably why not us without us i don't know up in bed all day and then one day and that's a good result for a thirty nine year old patient bill of that here and the case of this forty three year old patient however we've analyzed two embryos. if there's a fourteenth of them unfortunately appear abnormal and that's why it's so important to analyze embryos with mothers over the age of thirty six and beyond if we can implant of these two embryos it could have caused a miscarriage or a child with a chromosomal abnormality. the new technologies are

huge we can do everything nowadays it some believe of all how the knowledge has revolutionised everything in the eighty's what matters was the patient became pregnant we used to transfer three or four embryos we take their mates where there's the embryo transfer to the mother now the most important thing is one hope the baby at home. if you want to have a baby is going to be the second revolution go to the professional and you would have a healthy baby and live to six four. in some cases scientists invent what nature has not allowed. remarkable developments have been made in recent years. it's now possible to conceive a child from more than the traditional two parents.

it's a technology that requires the d.n.a. from three different parents. mitochondria which provide energy for the body's cells also possess their own d.n.a. . researchers remove the nucleus of a defective ovum from the biological mother and injected into the healthy ovum from a donor already with its own nucleus removed. this extremely difficult operation transferring the nucleus from one over to another is directly inspired by cloning. the next step comprises classic in vitro fertilization the future baby will thus possess three different types of d.n.a. those of its two parents plus that from the mitochondria of the donor. mitochondria are all the fairy small fragments in each shall not a body that is essential seducing energy the way people think about them is really on the power stations or the factories that nearly put you see energy or our cells

need to work and we know is that this mitochondrial d.n.a. is specifically passed down from mother to ga and what we want to try and do is to try and prevent not transmission by transferring over the new theatre nothing material from the nag which is gone the fact of my tonsils d.n.a. into a neck which is gone healthy mitochondria. what's really important is that this sort of technology can for one major impact on future generations because if we can prevent the disease actually in the in the offspring ten. well the clock could be carried on through the generations. editing the human germline is a hugely controversial issue in genetics and yet in favor of twenty fifteen the british parliament crossed that line and made the country the first to give the go ahead for three parent babies. or to. the audience

for the right three hundred eighty two the nose to the left one hundred twenty eight. so the oh you said it oh you said it oh. babies will soon be born in britain using the technique in the meantime an american team has already helped to produce the world's first three passes him before passing such a groundbreaking law and the house of lords in britain consulted numerous specialists in the field. among them the philosopher john harris lord alliance professor of bioethics at manchester university. in the case of. science who is. applying a sort of huge and tearing framework you have to ask the question. real polluting this science to develop to the point where we know whether it is safe or not

in humans. will this benefit humankind or will it be to the detriment of humankind and that is the moral question. the three. is misleading. there is a sense in which it's true basically the. d.n.a. the mitochondrial d.n.a. contains less than one percent of the total it does not transmit any of the normal things that we think of in connection with d.n.a. so it doesn't transmit phenotypical traits. cetera but they do come from a third party but. you might say to parents. and

it's possible to go even further much further as seen on the other side of the atlantic. one american company over science has been working for years on rejuvenating aging eggs to allow women to effectively turn back their biological clock and extend their childbearing years. over science is a company that's working on cutting edge treatments but we are discovering technologies to making all. the by injecting. cells that are very supportive. in the future what we want. to take just take a pill for a week and suddenly a woman gets back her fertility and even a woman that's been in many theoretically we think that we can bring back total

fertility again. the really exciting work that seems like science fiction but we're almost there that's of a sure. so what have we got here might. have so human ovarian cells on one foot in the right environment we believe do so have the ability to make human eggs. so let's have a look at these under the microscope. they're beautiful. yet. so are these the ones that you are a screening for a genetic defects that's correct and tested these are the stem cells from a woman that we grow in the lab we've been growing these for now a couple of years and learning to turn days cells into eggs and those will eventually become children.

that would be a real revolution because we could have hundreds of healthy eggs from a single simple operation. because we could also screen. for genetic errors and even one day correct the genetic heritage before we even develop an egg or an embryo. over down mary-ellen penrod to run is examining a sixty six day old humans from metazoa.

has this chemist made a breakthrough in the treatment of male sterility. whose that will fail to design a design we used hydrogen as materials in a tube uniform and these hydrogen tubes turned out to be excellent bioreactors for ensuring the maturation of spermatozoa it's from the south this is us you have that much of us till this moment to do this in the general. said. the team worked for twenty three years to attain this result the first spermatozoa we obtained was from a rat. i don't use that we moved on to humans do a ha. on the. man. now we have to show that the spermatozoa is our fertile.

we have to all stay reasonable and understand that there's still lots of work to be done it's not a transgenic mouse that we're setting out to make we say so little human beings and if he says. do we get lots of sterile men contacting us who want to see if we can help them in the fact they want to know how our research is progressing along with going on there to. the additional cures a wonderful some couple sent us their photos on a human level that's really touching so if we can help them become parents i personally would be extremely happy and i find the idea extremely moving. there are still some idealists out here. for a long time researchers have known how to identify and alter genes in d.n.a. what they have not yet managed however is to obtain the efficiency and speed at

a low cost offered by a natural mechanism called d.n.a. scissors recently discovered inside bacteria. been able the bacteria to target the d.n.a. of an interesting virus and cut it up. to prevent it from reproducing. these molecular scissors have been given a code name crisper cas not. boasting unrivaled precision they have been used by geneticists to cut and replace any segment of d.n.a. in any living organism. the discovery of the gene scissors saw in my new shop on she instantly catapulted into the elite group of potential nobel prize winners the max planck institute in berlin has since rewarded her with a golden opportunity to continue her revolutionary work as director of the renowned research organisation. what jesus would be for evolution or insist acknowledges that he does being picked

up by. numerous labs around the word to. perform precise unit keeps you know knowledge number offsiders and albany times and that is just what you technologies at the semantics to we treat disease prior to being used for until you are a couple issues. and what if scientists were to cross the line and genetically edit human embryos that's exactly what a team did at a chinese university. by using crisper managed to correct a d.n.a. mutation responsible for a blood disease the modified embryos were never intended to be reimplanted but the experiment shocked the world because it opens the door to the concept and conception of genetically altered humans. it's a cushion of mistake moment isn't fully developed it better still failure so it won't

be usable for humans for a number of use but it will be by twenty twenty five or twenty thirty so we must anticipate the ethical questions that will arise. yes because with technologies like this we'll be able to modify d.n.a. the chromosomes of babies and alter their physical and even intellectual characteristics these will be the principal tools for making alekhine babies and the world needs to reflect on these issues but for once we have the time to reflect on what we're going to do with the existence of this extraordinary power regarding our genetic and biological nature because. their range of reproduction tools continues to grow from i.d.f. to crisper casts ninety three parent baby and gay mates made from stem cells. it seems that the dream of the tailor made baby will soon become reality.

i believe on his person not by the technology not being used to treat your lunch on lines and imo so first let me quote for strictly it was read out as the usage of the declaration for human on rails and just because when you start on an intraday it's also. a cross easier line and i wish somebody said that they can change not radius nonspecific. days to be used. in any case. many are concerned and think that the genetic modification of embryos is a red line that must be crossed the reality is subtle red lines always shift over time the pill abortion i.v.'s the artificial heart all of these were considered unacceptable a few decades ago we no longer see them as i'm crossed red lines absolutely indispensable innovations anymore and so we can't exclude the possibility of embryonic genetic modification becoming commonplace that they'll no longer be

a red line in your. this traumatic heritage which is a pivotal part of our diversity and uniqueness is the basis of mr fox's work. the artist would most likely not have survived the embryo selection stage. this is a condo is full. it's a new piece of work i've made to be installed in the science museum looking at genetic testing and thinking about the value of human life and whether we're going down the road that we haven't really thought about these false the implications for society. is not that i'm completely and to be progress is being made with the internet exists in some cases

i think it might be very useful for treatment of cancer for instance when it's a life threatening condition but what concerns me is the idea of saying somebody's life is less valuable than somebody else's and i think currently the debate which is coming mainly from the medical profession is that they are making judgments about the quality of somebody's life without any experience themselves of actually living with is a genetic condition i feel my own experience is that i have a very full life i'm extremely busy probably too busy to really and i'm very happy i'm married to have a full family life. and i don't see that my quality of life is limited to a tool but i know that the medical side of my condition would be seen as a condition that people wouldn't want to wish on their child but i think that's where i'm trying to rebalance that debate when they.

have something said to me. you know. we could change your life you could help you be good i know i feel condition but you might not be the person that you was a daddy i wouldn't take that base. life is very difficult but there are still many obviously we face in the society. and it's not the condition that makes you stop but it's often the surroundings that you will be asked to choose that you face. that if we can start adjusting to those wild living things let's go back to the people maybe we'd have a much beloved please save them by good scientists and i think we need to stop

thinking about humanity has. to do i wish it was a small compact with sludge and still. kind of. secluded. you know for a little bit and back to break the top. to come. down to shoplift. charge it thirteen dollars.

see louis sarno just couldn't get this song out of his head. seems ecologist began searching for the source of these captivating sounds. and found that deep in the rain forest in central africa made the buying up people. believe that an alien came bustling out lists of most electable in the closing even before i left him in wyoming in one fit in. my little punks he was so fascinated by their culture that he stayed. only a promise to a son in law made son only of the jungle and return to the concrete and glass jungle but. the result reverse culture shock. her away from

the to come back you realize how strange the artificial little is really connected to life. the prize winning documentary from the forest stars focus night on d w. such. greek authorities now say at least seventy four people died in a wildfire that raced through the seaside town of monte used to the capital athens the toll is expected to rise. greece has declared three days of mourning for its worst fire disaster in more than a decade. israel has shot down a syrian war plane that it says entered airspace over the israeli occupied golan heights.