it's kind of understandable. those projects really need to be scrutinized and even though they don't stop they need to be reviewed a good talking to front of the babcock thank you so much. official up to date i will feel. the force is always more on the website he doesn't come on a good day. like we were. when we were. eighty percent of americans and some people in our lives will experience hardship listening. talking. points.

since the dawn of time humans have reproduced through natural means. but might the act of conception through physical intercourse become an outdated concept in the not too distant future. the story began forty years ago in britain with three magical letters. in vitro fertilization a revolutionary technique to help sterile couples. the british public was shocked by a science that could substitute for nature when louise brown the first test tube baby was born in the minds of many back then artificial conception would inevitably produce munster's lead deformed babies. are.

born to healthy crying. forty years on and i v.f. is now practiced daily across the globe today about three hundred fifty thousand children are born every year as a result of assisted reproduction technologies. three percent of all births in western countries three in a thousand in the rest of the world. it's a market projected to be worth twenty billion dollars by the year two thousand and twenty. medically assisted reproduction is increasingly widespread in india it's less expensive than in the west and as such far more widely affordable this is one of the world's top clinics. its

founder dr nayana patel renamed the facility meaning desire or wish. but. here's the way to break out the fed feeding that for you. every step the laser assisted. to get that knowledge you just need to think asian technology with the biggest freezer that's of the limit the rich are finding exhibit use phones everything everything what one would expect and. this would do have an info to date digital. dr patel and her team use the technology to perform about a thousand in vitro fertilization is a year to create there is we need to do our year and normally she would have one naturally in the natural cycle here the word for do idea if we need a good cohort of six to seven

a. good friend. this is a very far exceeded agone sponsors. you can see them drop us bombs on the age of. the doctor and. their money. this is. good to have for the stores because the only engine go down.

and. since. this is embraced. this is the time lips lips imaging system looking for six fish and one two three four five six fish and slide it at the time and of course for this is a video or they look mental from video. this thing you know we can see so a short of the patient. how they've been a little nothing but their last weekend c. h one by one all so we can judge week in new ways. that we love them but you. too will and intellect make them feel for us. it takes an average of four attempts at in vitro fertilization to achieve

a pregnancy a success rate comparable to that in nature. a fertile couple aged twenty five who have regular sex also has a one in four chance in each menstrual cycle of conceiving a baby. dr patel with her state of the art equipment obtains a pregnancy on every second attempt. on your part best. to. let him sleep there to sleep by a bed that bed. civil to sleep no on. over the years medical techniques have evolved for treatments for female infertility and also male sterility the methods now enjoy widespread acceptance. when a couple can't reproduce with their own game it's their eggs and sperm they can resort

to donors. the world's largest sperm bank isn't our host and mark cryo receives a huge number and range of applications and demand is by no means limited to heterosexual couples. single women and lesbian couples can now also have their own child. the proliferation of options has. led to a booming market. cryo is hold sperm from hundreds of donors and has an impressive online catalog. you see here that the papers photos of the donor and you can browse through the mole. and then you can go and see. if i scroll up. race cook asian ethnicity danish english french height one ninety one wait one should kill and build an electric suicide's

forty five closing size to last most in intelligence quotations ninety nine. if you see how the handwriting is this the reader might get an. idea about what kind of personality is behind that don't here we even have making this me on a website she you can click them favorites and then you can retrieve your favorites again and then never them to one so all this is the same as in the real life and then if you find the right one the truth from. this is that they want to speaking. we have probably somewhere between sure it is a five thirty thirty five. sample in a tank like this here. but chill for children here keep in the cold they could not even minus one hundred ninety six degrees all biological activity to

stuff so this material can be kept here for a favor. the cheapest one mr anonymous the basic profile. the most expensive use their answer all from an anonymous donor with mixed. only ten percent of them don't come to this have. which can be approved to have come from the kind of. people are searching some themselves. i'm. tryna charge. it's difficult to attract. if we should choose. the right charge.

we could increase the parish on for instance where all. this is a market for those of them under those who supply and if you're too much of something the price goes down to. this nation. in the united states on the other hand almost everything is permitted provided you have the financial means sperm banks are in greater demand than ever and there's a flourishing market for egg cells as the extraction process can be problematic and painful donors can sell their eggs for up to twenty five thousand dollars. i decided to become an examiner. actually with a friend joking around by how far away it was and said you know you should probably just don't eat the eggs and make some money to help pay for your bills while you do it. and it was a joke and we laughed and later i looked more into it it was almost like the idea

got inside of my head and wouldn't go away where i was two and a half years ago was a single mom of three heads putting myself through school and juggling a job and trying to figure out how i was going to afford everything how i was going to take care of the kids and there is a an amount that they pay you for doing it and so it ended up being kind and. this interesting situation where i was able to pay off all my student loans and create a pretty good life for make heads. the procedure itself is you go for your initial exam with the doctor and then. you doing all interest sounds they count your follicles to see how many you have and where you are in your cycle and then after some time you start the injections i had to

do two per day for think it was seven days and then i had to do three a day for i think it was three days and then on day ten or eleven depending on how your body responds to the medication you give yourself another shot which just called a trigger shot. and then your retrieval is normally twenty four hours after that and there's about two or three days where you are uncomfortable and. just a little bit sore. from the showing. showing smith founded the first bank in the us twenty seven years

ago the immaturity store own sights of three hundred young women are now available in her catalog. it all began when she herself had to turn to a donor after losing a baby. you know. i think my own case. you know the sadness that i felt when i lost my child and was seven years i spent trying to get pregnant after that really affected me and to this day i feel wonderful when i can give people hope back in their lives i know from having had my own children what it meant to me to become a mother and how grateful i am to the donor all the time so if someone comes to us from plants or germany they have no options they can't do this at home. so they come to be a donor cowperwood tomorrow to california and for the donor there is that idea that

this is part of your spirit is going out across the world to help someone who's really a stranger and yet that passion for having a child that desire that yearning is the same for every human being on the planet it doesn't matter is what their religion is it doesn't matter what their skin color is doesn't matter what their culture is everybody wants to have. the biggest part is just the the gift that you get to give but then also there's a gift you receive and hearing their story and and being part of that and they let you into a really special almost private part of their life that nobody else really gets besides the doctors and them gets to be a part of so it was a world they never knew existed and once i got to be a part of it i just love being a part of it now and it's very well said. i think going into it you really have to

mentally prepare for the fact that this is not my child so i never went into it with someone else's having my child or this is. someone out in the world has my children if they have their children i would just be able to help them make that a reality. are going. to. technological progress also leads to the temptations of selecting the embryo to be implanted of choosing the gender of the child for example. so where is the borderline between self comfort and medical treatment. canada likes girls the united states is about fifty fifty england likes girls a little bit more than boys spain like sports south america largely boys china

mostly all boys so every country france is a little bit more for girls than boys. dr jeffrey steinberg was one of the first to see the future importance of the tailor made baby for years he has given couples the possibility of choosing their child's gender and that's just the beginning. we are world leaders in the selection of gender. every single one of these charts has come in with a request for a boy or girl and requests for genetic normalcy so to make things easy we label the boys blue we label the girls pink same prize boy or girl about nineteen thousand dollars total. this is an embryo they were about to perform a biopsy we're going to remove one of the cells each cell in the embryo has the

same genetics as every other cell so by taking out one cell you can get all the genetic information about the entire embryo it's a very delicate process the embryos are very fragile. this is an advancement of the chromosomes that came from one cell and what we've done is we've lit up the x. and y. chromosomes we have x. y. which means this is a male embryo if we had too x. . to greens that would be a female member. and then we allow people to add on additional things if they want or allowing them to start screening for eye color there's an additional cost. i remember when we first announced i color and allowing couples to choose the eye color of their baby we actually got a call from the vatican and they were very very nice there were scientists at the vatican today expressed their concerns and expressed the fact that perhaps society

wasn't quite ready for this and asked us to go very slowly and very carefully which of course we always do. there's a huge number of things that we're going after obesity is one of the ones everything else as far as we know is far more complex skin complection very very complex and no one's really identified exactly what causes all of skin what causes white skin what causes black skin and everything in between so we're looking at it but we're not approaching it at this point. i.q. is not going to happen in my lifetime it's tremendously complex and we're not sure exactly where it comes from clearly people with high i.q.'s have been studied for years and years and years including einstein himself and we haven't yet put our finger on where is he. was.

and yet in the one nine hundred eighty s. certain scientists couldn't help playing the sorcerer's apprentice by sorting donors according to their i.q. . more than two hundred children were born with the aid of the so-called genius sperm bank like leandra around. today they were in their thirties. my dad in the. after show my dad was infertile so what happened was actually my mother's mother. was so my grandmother was watching a talk show and on this talk show was this little boy named dawran blake and his mother and they were talking about the genius sperm bank and how this boy was born this way and so my grandmother thought oh my gosh this is perfect idea so she called my mom and she said i know how you can still have

a family i found the perfect solution for you so my parents checked it out and it looked great the sperm was like fed exed from california to new york a big tank arrived and i was conceived. he wanted in a nutshell that's what i've. basically my parents picked donor clear from a catalog of different donors that were available and this is all the information i have that he is outstanding intellect with exceptional athletic ability so my parents told me when i was very young that i was born from this they told me when i was maybe one or two years old so it's always been a part of me i've never known any other way of existing. home so for me it's very very normal and it's nothing strange and it's totally who i am and i couldn't even tell you what it feels like because i don't know what it's like to

feel a different way. i think that it nature has its way of giving us the perfect baby genes come into play definitely and i think it's just one ingredient in like many things that make up the school and being and how their lives plays out. most of our donors have an i.q. over one third. one sixty one seventy two if i recall correctly and their person so sickle health splendid. where you take us on the tour of your laboratory here dr gravatt show us he. has me show us how what goes on here person much to show because sperm are not very photogenic but. for two decades dr robert graham used this freezer to store the sperm of three

nobel prize winners and about twenty other donors with exceptional i.q. just before his establishment closed following his death. we utilized who's who of emerging leader and regroup through the book and we mark from zero in each of these we write who are proposing would you be your own. and one or two percent of the mood responded you need be then you are of. this girl is in search of beautiful child and show gift to everybody with. no one has no wife not only becomes a mother which you dearly want to be or she has the very wealthiest brightest she could care. for you and participating in constructive procreation is one of the most meaningful things we can do and the key to human improvement is to add more

advantageous. feeds to the human gene pool. this is what we're doing. in spain the biomedical company economics offers its clients the possibility of choosing from numerous genetic characteristics before implanting an embryo this includes gender selection which is banned in india for example as well as many other countries. the process is called p.g.d. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or recipe to create a perfect child in perfect health. the first step involves compatibility testing with a donor. piece

in my local gas station called in our system we analyze and combine the diagnoses performed on patients with those performed on donors to offer an optimal fertilise ation often a fair one other must see all of the miami so well so to prevent the transmission of any possible anomaly that could cause deformities in a fetus yes for. people without a database and n.c.i. effect that decision is that a mutation it's positive therefore your target on. his person get punished by the new dental plan that this equipment enables us to obtain within the space of about eight hours around four hundred million radios or for human genome sequences where there are no moment. if you remember yo number one is normal mine if you see. number six to. see if that can't be any of it you know this patient has suffered through.

remus carriages none of her pregnancies reached full term in your body in the past that they'd been on for months and in all my study early that is the only. thing was doesn't me honest and so on plan two embryos visibly normal the only way not is with us i don't know if all day in bangladesh and that's a good result for a thirty nine year old patient bill. and the case of this forty three year old patient however we've analyzed two embryos. if there's a fault in the north of them unfortunately appear abnormal and that's why it's so important to analyze the embryos with mothers over the age of thirty six and beyond if we can implant of these two embryos it could have caused a miscarriage or a child with a chromosomal abnormality. the new technologies are huge we can do everything nowadays it some believe of all how their knowledge has

revolutionized everything in the eighty's what matters was their patient became pregnant we used to transfer three or four embryos we take their mates where there's the embryo transfer to the mother now the most important thing is one hope the baby at home. if you want to have a baby is going to be the second revolution go to the professional and you would have a healthy baby and leave the sex for fun. in some cases scientists invent what nature has not allowed. remarkable developments have been made in recent years. it's now possible to conceive a child from more than the traditional two parents. it's a technology that requires the d.n.a. from three different parents. mitochondria which provide energy for the body's cells also possess their own d.n.a.

. researchers remove the nucleus of a defective ovum from the biological mother and injected into the healthy ovum from a donor already with its own nucleus removed. this extremely difficult operation transferring the nucleus from one over to another is directly inspired by cloning. the next step comprises classic in vitro fertilization the future baby will thus possess three different types of d.n.a. those of its two parents plus that from the mitochondria of the donor. mitochondria are all the family small fragments in each town our body that is essential for juicing energy the way people think about me is really on the power stations or the factories that really put you see energy or our cells need to work and we know that this mitochondrial d.n.a. is specifically passed down some of us just what we want to trying to do

is to try and prevent not transmission by transferring over the nuclear genetic material from men which has gone to the fact of mitochondrial d.n.a. into a net which is called healthy mitochondria. what's really important is that this sort of technology can have a major impact on future generations because if we can prevent the disease actually in the in the off spring training. could be counted on for generations. editing the human germline is a hugely controversial issue in genetics and yet in february twenty fifth teen the british parliament crossed that line and made the country the first to give the go ahead for three parent babies. or to. the audience for the right three hundred eighty two news for the left one hundred twenty or.

so the oh is that it the oh you said it oh. babies will soon be born in britain using the technique in the meantime an american team has already helped to produce the world's first three parent baby at a clinic in mexico where the law is more permissive than in the u.s. . to preempt criticism before passing such a groundbreaking law the house of lords in britain consulted numerous specialists in the field. among them the philosopher john harris lord alliance professor of bioethics at manchester university. in the case of. science who is. applying a sort of utilitarian framework you have to ask the question. will polluting this science to develop to the point where we know whether it is safe or not in

humans. will this benefit humankind or will it be to the detriment of humankind but is the moral question. the three parent label for mitochondrial. is misleading. there is a sense in which it's true basically the. d.n.a. the mitochondrial d.n.a. contains less than one percent of the total it does not transmit any of the normal things that we think of in connection with d.n.a. so it doesn't transmit phenotypical traits. cetera but they do come from a third party but. i mean. you might say two parents good three parents. and it's possible to go even further much further as seen on the other side of the

atlantic. one american company over science has been working for years on rejuvenating aging eggs to allow women to effectively turn back their biological clocks and extend their childbearing years. over science is a company that's working on cutting edge fertility treatments but we're discovering technologies to make it all. young again. by injecting the mitochondria. in cells that are very supportive. in the future what we want our medicines you can take just take a pill for a week and suddenly a woman gets back her fertility and even a woman that's been in many theoretically we think that we can bring back total fertility and. the really exciting work

that seems like science fiction but we're almost there that's called over sure so what have we got here. have so. put in the right environment. we believe you so have the ability to make women a. so let's have a look at these under the microscope. they're beautiful. so are these the ones that you're a screening for a genetic defects that's correct and tested these are the stem cells from a woman that we grow in the lab we've been growing these for now a couple of years and we're learning to turn these cells into eggs and those will eventually become children.

that would be a real revolution because we could have hundreds of healthy eggs from a single simple operation. because we could also screen. for genetic errors and even one day correct their genetic errors before we even develop an egg or an embryo. without mary ellen parar do run is examining a sixty six day old humans from metazoa had.

this chemist made a breakthrough in the treatment of male sterility. visible face. these are the design we used hydrogen is materials in a tube uniform and these hydrogen tube. it's turned out to be an excellent bioreactors for in showing the maturation of spermatozoa it's from the south this is us throughout i met you last year all this time it was really about doing this in general. said the front of the team worked for twenty three years to attain this result the first spermatozoa we obtained was from a rat. news that we moved on to humans and it was a dual ha. on the back seat and this young man. now we have to show that these spermatozoa ads are fertile. he focalized the ice

and we have to all stay reasonable and understand that there are still lots of work to be done it's not a transgenic mouse that we're setting out to make so little human beings in it he says until. we get lots of sterile men contacting us who want to see if we can help them these families want to know how our research is progressing along with going on their dinner she. has a wonderful some couple send us their photos on a human level that's really touching so if we can help them become parents i personally would be extremely happy and i find the idea extremely moving. there are still some idealists out here. for a long time researchers have known how to identify and alter genes in d.n.a. what they have not yet managed however is to obtain the efficiency and speed at

a low cost offered by a natural mechanism called d.n.a. scissors and recently discovered inside bacteria. then able the bacteria to target the d.n.a. of an intruding virus and cut it up to prevent it from reproducing. these molecular scissors have been given a code named christopher cass nine both. unrivaled precision they have been used by geneticists to cut and replace any segment of d.n.a. in any living organism. the discovery of the gene scissors in my new shop on she instantly catapulted into the elite group of potential nobel prize winners the max planck institute in berlin has since rewarded her with a golden opportunity to continue her revolutionary work as director of the renowned research organization. just wishing for evolution or insisting on it she said it as being picked up by.

numerous labs around the words to. perform precise you need teach knowledge number officers and albany times and that is just when you technologies at the semantics. too we treat disease prior to be used for undue. shifts. and what if scientists were to cross the line and genetically edit human embryos that's exactly what a team did at a chinese university. by using crisper managed to correct a d.n.a. mutation responsible for a blood disease the modified embryos were never intended to be reimplanted but the experiment shocked the world because it opens the door to the concept and conception of genetically altered humans. simply because you know it's taken on the gee isn't fully developed it better still

failures so it won't be usable for humans for a number of years but it will be by twenty twenty five or twenty thirty so we must anticipate the ethical questions that will arise because with technologies like this we'll be able to multi find d.n.a. the chromosomes of babies and also their physical and even into law. troll characteristics these will be the principal tools for making babies and the world needs to reflect on these issues but for once we have the time to reflect on what we're going to do with the existence of this extraordinary power regarding our genetic and biological nature to get. the range of reproduction tools continues to grow from i.d.f. to crisper cast ninety three parrot baby from end game mates made from stem cells. it seems that the dream of the tailor made baby will soon become reality.

i believe on his person not to take on a gene cannot be used to treat you and your lines and i'm yourself just let me quote for strictly it was read out as the usage of the technology for your run on rails and just because when you start to manipulate all sarah's and cross easier line and have your somebody said it they can change it's not radium it's not specific enough in nine days to be used to tackle shares in any case. psych yet so many are concerned and think that the genetic modification of embryos is a red line that must be crossed the reality is subtle red lines always shift over time the pill abortion i.v.'s the artificial heart all of these were considered unacceptable a few decades ago we no longer see them as i'm crossed red lines absolutely indispensable innovations in what is so we can't exclude the possibility of embryonic genetic modification becoming commonplace that they'll no longer be

a red line in your eyes. this genetic heritage which is a pivotal part of our diversity and uniqueness is the basis of esther foxx. his work. the artist would most likely not have survived the embryo selection stage. this is a condo it's full. it's the new piece of work i've made to be installed in the science museum looking at genetic testing and thinking about the value of human life and whether we're going down the road that we haven't really thought about the fast implications for society. it's not that i'm completely and the progress that's being made with internet

access in some cases i think it might be very useful for treatment of cancer for instance when it's a life threatening condition but what concerns me is the idea of saying somebody's life is less valuable somebody else and i think currently the debate which is coming mainly from the medical profession is that they are making judgments about the quality of somebody's life without any experience themselves of actually living with it is a genetic condition i feel my own experience is that i have a very full life i'm extremely busy probably too busy really and i'm very happy to have a full family life. and i don't see that my quality of life is limited to a tool but i know that the medical side of my condition would be seen as a condition that people wouldn't want to wish on their child but i think that's what i'm trying to rebalance to by.

somebody said to me. you know we could change your life if you could have you been through it i know how i feel condition but you might not be the person that you are today. and that base. line is very difficult but there are still many obvious believe that finally. and it's not the condition that makes a itself to be surrounding single in the attitudes that you face. so if we can start adjusting those while living and that's about the kind of people maybe we'd have a much beloved life least bit by bit society and i think we need to stop thinking

about humanity and. saving money at all costs for. consumers hunting for bargains and companies looking to cut costs. prettiness just seen as a virtue but what happens when it becomes stingy does. and how can it harm companies. made in germany thirty minutes strong double.

star no just couldn't get this song out of his head. the colleges began searching for the source of these captivating sound. and found that deep in the rain forest in central africa and the little village was a building. with the one thing the most money in legal costs it was some fascinated by their culture that he stayed. only a promise to his son made star known leave the jungle and return to the concrete and glass jungle but. the result reverse culture shock. the prize winning documentary from the forest starts august ninth w. .

this is data but it is live from brother back counting the votes in pakistan after a violent election campaign it will be only the second civilian transfer of power in the country seventy one year history voting in most areas was peaceful but a deadly suicide bombing casts a shadow over the day we'll take you live to islamabad also on the program to be almost not is sorry must either overwhelm us.