improve cycling like paris madrid or barcelona they're spending huge amount of money and redesigning their infrastructure that's yet to happen in berlin so brylin doesn't already help other cities are going to overtake it. according to a building's city council member does exact lines will be repainted this time that's all we have time for thanks for joining us. to this one organize a posse it's a real policy because there is no rubbish hanging about everyone writes that only him on their own cup and then we parted. and you know what the great thing is you know an age.

since the dawn of time humans have reproduced through natural means. but might the act of conception through physical intercourse become an outdated concept in the not too distant future. the story began forty years ago in britain with three magical letters. in vitro fertilization a revolutionary technique to help sterile couples. the british public was shocked by a science that could substitute for nature when louise brown the first test tube baby was born in the minds of many back then artificial conception would inevitably produce monstrously deformed babies.

born to healthy krar. forty years on i v f is now practiced daily across the globe today about three hundred fifty thousand children are born every year as a result of assisted reproduction technologies. three percent of all births in western countries three in a thousand in the rest of the world. it's a market projected to be worth twenty billion dollars by the year two thousand and twenty. medically assisted reproduction is increasingly widespread in india it's less expensive than in the west and as such far more widely affordable this is one of the world's top clinics and. its

founder dr nyhan a patel renamed the facility meaning desire for which. there's a very breakout the feedback for you gave your dad. every sets the laser assisted educate the knowledge you just need to take asian technology with the biggest freezer that's available the richer find the exit buz foams everything everything what one would expect. this world to have and info to be too dead to give the. dr patel and her team use the technology to perform about a thousand in vitro fertilization is a year for greedy embryos we need to do i.d.'s and normally she would have one naturally in our natural cycle yardwork from two ideas we need

a good cohort of six to seven a. cookie for. this is a very far exceeded egg unsponsored. you can see them draw us on some that is just the doppler. they are running. this is. good to have for the school it was the only engine go down.

and. since. this is embraced all. this is a tiny lips less emitting system looking for six fish and one coach a full five six fish and slate at that time and as the school is. there's a video or they looked me up and you. this is finding you know we can all see so well eventually to the patient. how they'd be little nothing to do last week and see. each one by one all so we can judge week in many ways. that we love them but you. too will and we can select but at m.d.o. for us. it takes an average of four attempts at in vitro fertilization to achieve a pregnancy

a success rate comparable to that in nature. a fertile couple aged twenty five who have regular sex also has a one in four chance in each menstrual cycle of conceiving a baby. dr patel with her state of the art equipment obtains a pregnancy on every second attempt. on your part best to. just. let him sleep let him sleep by men that bed and. sleep well to sleep no he will. that. over the years medical techniques have evolved for treatments for female infertility and also males to realty the methods now enjoy widespread acceptance. when a couple can't reproduce with their own gay mates their eggs in sperm they can resort

to donors. the world's largest sperm bank isn't our host denmark cryo receives a huge number and range of applications and demand is by no means limited to heterosexual couples. single women and lesbian couples can now also have their own child. the proliferation of options has led to a booming market. holds sperm from hundreds of donors and has an impressive online catalog. you see of the paper's photos of the donor and you can browse through the mole. and then you can go and see. if i scroll up. race cook asian ethnicity danish english french height one night she won weight ninety kilo build political shoe size forty

five closing size. motion intelligence quotations ninety nine. if you see how they have reading is the reader might get an. idea about what kind of personality is behind that don't here we even have a making his way on a website so you can pick them favorite and then you can retrieve your favorites again and then narrow them to one so small that is the same as in real life and then if you found the right one the truth from. this is that they want to speaking. we have probably somewhere between sure it's a five thirty thirty five. sample in a tank like this here. but chill for children here keep in that cold liquid nitrogen minus one hundred ninety six degrees old by law to achieve just

stuff so this ritual can be kept here for favor. the cheapest one is the anonymous two off from a basic profile. the most expensive be. all from not on i'm stone was extended for far from. one of our ten percent of the don't come to this have spun question which can be approved because we need to have a good time for the crime. people are searching something close to a machine. and. for no charge. country it's difficult to attract. admission she's. led the charge.

we could increase the price on free cheese for all. this is a market for those of them on the line and if you're too much of something. to list . this nation. in the united states on the other hand almost everything is permitted provided you have the financial means sperm banks are in greater demand than ever and there's a flourishing market for egg cells as the extraction process can be problematic and painful donors can sell their eggs for up to twenty five thousand dollars. i decided to become an examiner. actually with a friend joking around by how fertile i was and said you know you should probably just donate the eggs and make some money to help pay for your bills while you do it . and it was a joke and we laughed and later i looked more into it it was almost like the idea

got inside of my head and wouldn't go away where i was two and a half years ago was a single mom of three heads putting myself through school and juggling a job and trying to figure out how i was going to afford everything how i was going to take care of the kids and there is a an amount that they pay you for. doing it and so it ended up being kind of this interesting situation where i was able to pay off all my student loans and create a pretty good life or make heads. the procedure itself is you go for your initial exam with the doctor and then. they do an alter sound they count your follicles to see how many you have and where you are in your cycle and then after some time you start the injections i had to do

two per day for think it was seven days and then i had to do three a day for i think it was three day is that and then on day ten or eleven depending on how your body responds to the medication you give yourself another shot was just called a trigger shot. and then your retrieval is normally twenty four hours after that and there's about two or three days where you're uncomfortable and. just a little bit sore. this is showing. me smith founded the first bank in the u.s.

twenty seven years ago the immaturity sore own sights of three hundred young women are now available in her catalog. it all began when she herself had to turn to a donor after losing a baby. you know. i think my own. you know the sadness that i felt when i was my child and the seven years i spent trying to get pregnant after that really affected me and to this day i feel wonderful when i can give people hope back in their lives i know from having had my own children what it meant to me to become a mother and how grateful i am to the donor all the time so if someone comes to us from plants or germany they have no options they can't do this at home. so they come to the end donor cowperwood tomorrow to california and for the donors there is

that idea that there's part of your spirit is going out across the world to help someone who's really a stranger and yet that passion for having a child that desire that yearning is the same for every human being on the planet it doesn't matter is what their religion is it doesn't matter what their skin color is doesn't matter what their culture is everybody wants to have. the biggest part is just. the gift that you get to give but then also there's a gift you receive and hearing their story and and being part of that and they let you into a really special almost private part of their life that nobody else really gets besides the doctors and them gets to be a part of so it was a world they never knew existed and once i got to be a part of it i just love being a part of it now and it's very well said. i think going into your really have to

mentally prepare for the fact that this is not my child so i never went into it with someone else is having my child or this is. someone else in the world has my children and so they have their children and i was just able to help them make that a reality. are unknown. technological progress also leads to the temptations of selecting the embryo to be implanted of choosing the gender of the child for example. so where is the borderline between self comfort and medical treatment to. canada likes girls the united states is about fifty fifty england likes girls a little bit more than boys spain like sports south america largely boys china

mostly all boys so every country france is a little bit more for girls than boys. dr jeffrey steinberg was one of the first to see the future importance of the tailor made baby for years he has given couples the possibility of choosing their child's gender and that's just the beginning. we are world leaders in the selection of gender. every single one of these charts has come in with a request for a boy or girl and requests for genetic normalcy so to make things easy we label the boys blue we label the girls pick same prize boy or girl about nineteen thousand dollars total. this is an embryo there were about to perform a biopsy we're going to remove one of the cells each cell in the embryo has the

same genetics as every other cell so by taking out one cell you can get all the genetic information about the entire embryo it's a very delicate process the embryos are very fragile. this is an advancement of the chromosomes that came from one cell and what we've done is we've lit up the x. and y. chromosomes and we have x. y. which means this is a. if we had two x's two greens that would be a female member. and then we allow people to add on additional things if they want or allowing them to start screening for eye color there's an additional cost. i remember when we first announced i color and allowing couples to choose the eye color of their baby we actually got a call from the vatican they were very very nice they were scientists at that but they expressed their concerns and expressed the fact that perhaps society wasn't

quite ready for this and asked us to go very slowly and very carefully which of course we always do. there's a huge number of things that we're going after obesity is one of the ones everything else as far as we know is far more complex skin complection very very complex and no one's really identified exactly what causes all of skin what causes white skin what causes black skin and everything in between so we're looking at it but we're not approaching it at this point i.q. is not going to happen in my lifetime it's tremendously complex and we're not sure exactly where it comes from clearly people with high i.q.'s have been studied for years and years and years including einstein himself and we haven't yet put our finger on where it's a. lab. and

yet in the one nine hundred eighty s. certain scientists couldn't help playing the sorcerer's apprentice by sorting donors according to their i.q. . more than two hundred children were born with the aid of this so-called genius sperm bank like lee and around. today there in their thirty's. my dad and me. after show. my dad was infertile so what happened was actually my mother's mother. was so my grandmother was watching a talk show and on this talk show was this little boy named dawran blake and his mother and they were talking about the genius sperm bank and how this boy was born this way and so my grandmother thought oh my gosh this is perfect idea so she called my mom and she said i know how you can still have

a family i found the perfect solution for you so my parents checked it out and it looked great the sperm was like fed exed from california to new york a big tank arrived and i was conceived if you want to be in a nutshell that's what i've. basically my parents picked donor clear from a catalog of different donors that were available and this is all the information i have that he is outstanding intellect with exceptional athletic ability so my parents told me when i was very young that i was born from this they told me when i was maybe one or two years old so it's always been a part of me i've never known any other way of existing. home so for me it's very very normal and it's nothing strange and it's totally who i am and i couldn't even tell you what it feels like because i don't know what it's like to

feel a different way. i think that it nature has its way of giving us the perfect baby genes come into play just definitely and i think it's just one ingredient in like many things that make up a human being and how their lives plays out. most of our donors have an i.q. over one thirty. one sixty one seventy two if i recall correctly and there in person so sickle health splendid. where you take us all the tour of your laboratory here dr graham and show us he. has me show us how what goes on here person much to show because sperm are not very photogenic but. for two decades dr robert graham used this freezer to store the sperm of three

nobel prize winners and about twenty other donors with exceptional like use before his establishment closed following his death. we utilize who's who of the emerging leader and recruit through the book and remark among in each of the we right who are proposing would you be you know. one or two percent of the mood responding you would be then the group of. this girl is such a beautiful child and should give. everybody when. the woman has no wife not only becomes a mother which you dearly want to be or she has a very healthy as prices trial she could carry a few participating in constructive procreation is one of the most meaningful things we can do the key to human improvement is to add more advantageous. genes

to the human gene pool. this is for the simple click what we're doing. in spain the biomedical company economics offers its clients the possibility of choosing from numerous genetic characteristics before implanting an embryo this includes gender selection which is banned in india for example as well as many other countries. the process is called p.g.d. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or recipe to create a perfect child in perfect health. the first step involves compatibility testing with a donor. deceased

in my lookouts a school in our system we analyze and combine the diagnoses performed on patients with those performed on donors to offer an optimal fertilise ation often a fair one other must see all of the miami so also to prevent the transmission of any possible anomaly that could cause deformities in a fetus years for a keyboard on the data there's a tendency i think that assertion is that a mutation if it's positive or foresee it. just as a bonus for them in general then that this equipment enables us to obtain within the space of about eight hours around four hundred million radius of human genome sequences well there came a moment. a big number you know number one was normal miley's new. number sixty.

six that didn't really get to go this patient has suffered through. three miscarriages none of her pregnancies reached full turn in your body when asked that they be no nonsense on my study early days e only. that it was the same to your niece as on planet two embryos visibly normal anyway not as with that as i don't know if i'll do anything with it and that's a good result for a thirty nine year old patient. and the case of this forty three year old patient however we've analyzed two embryos. if that's a fourteenth of them unfortunately appear abnormal and that's why it's so important to analyze embryos with mothers over the age of thirty six and beyond if we can implant of these two embryos it could have caused a miscarriage or a child with a chromosomal abnormality. the new technologies are huge we can do everything nowadays it some believe of all how their knowledge has

reduced your nice everything in the eighty's what matters was the patient became pregnant we used to transfer three or four embryos we think they've got mates where there's the embryo transfer to the mother now the most important thing is one houthi baby at home. if you want to have a baby is going to be the second revolution go to the professional and you would have a healthy baby and leave the sex or. in some cases scientists invent what nature has not allowed. remarkable developments have been made in recent years. it's now possible to conceive a child from more than the traditional two parents. it's a technology that requires the d.n.a. from three different parents. mitochondria which provide energy for the body's cells also possess their own d.n.a.

. researchers remove the nucleus of a defective ovum from the biological mother and injected into the healthy ovum from a donor already with its own nucleus removed. this extremely difficult operation transferring the nucleus from one over to another is directly inspired by cloning. the next step comprises classic in vitro fertilization the future baby will thus possess three different types of d.n.a. those of its two parents plus that from the mitochondria of the donor. mitochondria are all the family small fragments in each shall not a body that is essential for choosing energy the way people think about me is really are that the power stations or the factories that really put you see energy or our cells need to work and we know that this mitochondrial d.n.a. is specifically passed down some of us to do. what we want to trying to

use and try and prevent not transmission by transferring over the new theatre nothing material from the night which is gone the fact of mitochondrial d.n.a. into a name which is gone healthy mitochondrial. what's really important is that this sort of technology can find a major impact on future generations because if we can prevent the disease actually in the in the offspring ten. could be counted on for generations. editing the human germline is a hugely controversial issue in genetics and yet in february twenty fifteen the british parliament crossed that line and made the country the first to give the go ahead for three parent babies. for. the audience for the right three hundred eighty to the nose to the left one hundred

twenty or. so the oh is that it oh you said it oh. babies will soon be born in britain using the technique in the meantime an american team has already helped to produce the world's first three parent baby at a clinic in mexico where the law is more permissive than in the u.s. . criticism before passing such a groundbreaking on the house of lords in britain consulted numerous specialists in the field. among them the philosopher john harris lord alliance professor of bioethics at manchester university. in the case of. science who is. applying a sort of huge and tearing framework you have to ask the question. polluting this science to develop to the point where we know whether it is safe or not in

humans. will this benefit humankind or will it be to the detriment of humankind but is the moral question. the three parent label. is misleading. there is a sense in which it's true basically the might of the third party d.n.a. the mitochondrial d.n.a. contains less than one percent of the total it does transmit any of the normal things that we think of in connection with d.n.a. so it doesn't transmit phenotypical traits. but they do come from a third party but. i mean you're might say two parents good three parents. and it's possible to go even further much further as seen on the other side of the

atlantic one american company over science has been working for years on rejuvenating aging eggs to allow women to effectively turn back their biological clocks and extend their childbearing years. over science is a company that's working on cutting edge treatments but we're discovering technologies to make it all. young again. by injecting the mitochondria. in cells that are very supportive. in the future what we want our medicines that you can take just take a pill for a week and suddenly a woman gets back her fertility and even a woman that's been in many theoretically we think that we can bring back total

fertility. the really exciting work that seems like science fiction but we're almost there that's called over sure. so what have we got here mike. we have so human ovarian cells and one foot in the right environment we believe do so have the ability to make human apes. so let's have a look at these under the microscope. they're beautiful. so are these the ones that you're a screening for a genetic defects that's correct and tested these are the stem cells from a woman that we grow in the lab we've been growing these for now a couple of years and well learning to turn these cells into eggs and those will eventually become children.

that would be a real resolution of that because we could have hundreds of healthy eggs from a single simple operation. because we could also screen. for genetic errors and even one day correct those genetic errors before we even develop an egg or an embryo. without mary ellen penrod to run is examining a sixty six day old humans for matters oid.

has this chemist made a breakthrough in the treatment of male sterility. that will fit the desire to design we used hydrogen as materials in a tube uniform and these hydrogen tubes turned out to be excellent bioreactors for ensuring the maturation of spermatozoa it's from the south this is us throughout our let us show this don't let us leave this in the general. said the front of the team worked for twenty three years to attain this result the first spermatozoa we obtained was from rat. hunters that we moved on to humans do ha no get on the. men. now we have to show that these spermatozoa ads are fertile.

we have to all stay reasonable and understand that there are still lots of work to be done it's not a transgenic mouse that we're setting out to make so little human beings in it he says until. we get lots of sterile men contacting us who want to see if we can help them in fact they want to know how our research is progressing along with going on there. is a wonderful some couple send us their photos on a human level that's really touching so if we can help them become parents i personally would be extremely happy and i find the idea extremely moving. there are still some idealists out here. for a long time researchers have known how to identify and alter genes in d.n.a. what they have not yet managed however is to obtain the efficiency and speed at low

cost offered by a natural mechanism called d.n.a. scissors recently discovered inside bacteria. they enable the bacteria to target the d.n.a. of an interesting virus and cut it up. to prevent it from reproducing. these molecular scissors have been given a code name for cas not. boasting unrivaled precision they have been used by geneticists to cut and replace any segment of d.n.a. in any living organism. the discovery of the gene scissors saw in my shop on she instantly catapulted into the elite group of potential nobel prize winners the max planck institute in berlin has since rewarded her with a golden opportunity to continue her revolutionary work as director of the renowned research organisation. what use would be for evolution the reins is taken and she is at it as being picked

up by. numerous labs around the word to. perform for size you need a large number of scientists and albany times and that is just when you have technology set to cement. to we treat diseases prior to be used for until you publish. and what if scientists were to cross the line and genetically edit human embryos that's exactly what a team did at a chinese university. by using crisper managed to correct a d.n.a. mutation responsible for a blood disease the modified embryos were never intended to be reimplanted but the experiment shocked the world because it opens the door to the concept and conception of genetically altered humans. except the garage and it's taken on the gee isn't fully developed it better still

failure so it won't be usable for humans for a number of use but it will be by twenty twenty five or twenty thirty so we must anticipate the ethical questions that will arise. because with technologies like this we'll be able to modify d.n.a. the chromosomes of babies and also their physical and even intellectual characteristics these will be the principal tools for making babies and the world needs to reflect on these issues but for once we have the time to reflect on what we're going to do with the existence of this extraordinary power regarding our genetic and biological nature if you take. the range of reproduction tools continues to grow from i.d.f. to crisper cast ninety three parrot baby food and game mates made from stem cells. it seems that the dream of the tailor made baby will soon become reality.

i believe on his first as a technology not being used to treat human child nine's and i'm sure so personally quite for strictly it was regarded as the usage of the technology for human on rails and just because when you start to manipulate all sarah and cross easy to your line and i'm sure somebody had to take a machine it's not weighty and it's not specific enough in a in old days to be used. in any case. like yet so many are concerned and think that the genetic modification of embryos is a red line that mustn't be crossed the reality is subtle red lines always shift over time the pill abortion i.d.f. the artificial heart all of these were considered unacceptable a few decades ago we no longer see them as i'm crossed red lines as absolutely indispensable innovations shortly want to so we can't exclude the possibility of embryonic genetic modification becoming commonplace that they'll no longer be

a red line in your. this genetic heritage which is a pivotal part of our diversity and uniqueness is the basis of mr fox's work. the artist would most likely not have survived the embryo selection stage. this is a condo as well. it's the new piece of what i've made to be installed in the science museum looking at genetic testing and thinking about the value of human life and whether we're going to on the roads that we haven't really thought about the fast implications for society. it's not that i'm completely and the progress that's being made within genetics in

some cases i think it might be very useful for treatment of cancer for instance when it's a life threatening condition but what concerns me is the idea of saying somebody's life is less valuable to somebody else and i think currently the debate which is coming mainly from the medical profession is that they are making judgments about the quality of somebody's life without any experience themselves of actually living with it is a genetic condition i feel my own experience is that i have a very full life i'm extremely busy probably to be really and i'm very happy marriage i have a full family life. and i don't see that my quality of life is limits his at all but i know that the medical side of my condition would be seen as a condition that people wouldn't want to wish on their child but i think that's where i'm trying to rebalance that debate when.

somebody said to me. you know. it could change your life you could have been a big kid and not have your condition but you might not be the person that you are to daddy i wouldn't type that way. what is very difficult is that there are still many families leave face ninety eight. and it's not the condition that makes you stop but it's often the surroundings that you'll again be asked to change that you face. so if we can start adjusting those well meaning let's the vatican and the people maybe we'd have a much more inclusive imbibe in society and i think we need to start thinking about

humanity. she loved because so. and then she left him to us was she. she became famous as the woman in the shadow of a genius but she found her way as an artist a strong woman with an eventful life we visited her in her new york studio. your romance and thirty minutes please.

please. fun beethoven. his work goddess fortune of. the month strut and features. beethoven's first bond twenty. plus his reputation for murder were lucky arsonist luck tyrant. the roman emperor nero floody just get bad press luck remount historians are reexamining this case full rethinking the rochas history been unfair to the infamous jim perfectly starts aug fourteenth on d. w. .

play. this is coming to you live from bunning an independent inquiry into the airstrike that killed children in ghana and that's what the united nations is calling for off at least twenty nine children but kids when this school bus was trying to sell the movement to go to sion says it was targeting the rebels in unjustified operation and also coming up.