guild motto e.w. correspondent and with baker craft. turn. to make you feel about recipes for success and strategies that make a difference. baking bread. on g.w. . welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t.w. . coming up. the stuff of life is it possible to create spell out officially. the dark side of the internet of things how easy it is to happen a robotic vacuum cleaner. and what happens in our brains when we try to multitask and how can we avoid mental overload.

when many jackanapes they can release from fifteen million to over two hundred million sperm per milliliter. but only a fraction of those reach the woman's fallopian change and usually only one sperm actually manages to penetration egg it's a difficult journey. plenty of kumar from new zealand have a question for us about stuff. is it possible to create sperm artificially with. the reproductive cells are a complicated one purpose in life is to fertilize an egg cell and father a child but sometimes they fall short of expectations. no one in the western world. world have

a sperm count just half that of forty years ago if that trend were to continue by twenty fifty they'd be sterile. a range of culprits are being blamed for moans and water supplies to chemicals in plastic all can disrupt the body's hormones but is help at hand from the lab. researchers in china the u.s. and britain have created artificial sperm in mice at least. the technique involves converting embryonic stem cells to emit sure sperm cells. the mice produced using lab grown sperm were later able to produce offspring of their own. but they had a shorter life span than ordinary mice and were also more prone to disease. the root of the problem is and how sperm are created during the cell division

process called meiosis chromosomes are duplicated and recombined. in this process is reproduced in the lab it's more prone to errors. the lab grown sperm also have no motility they can't move so they're only suitable for in vitro fertilization. the technique can't be used to create artificial human sperm yet an ethical guidelines would likely ban its use. but scientists hope this research will provide new insights into infertility and new approaches to treatment . a team of researchers led by hardy shafi at have it is currently developing an app that will allow men to test their fertility levels at home. the digital device can assess semen quality by measuring total spam count and matelot or the number of non-viable on. images sperm cells.

all this technology is pretty impressive but it also has weak points and not just online platforms are vulnerable to hatter attacks and twenty sixteen people were able to use public transit in san francisco for a day for free after the ticketing machines were hacked. the ticket really worrying us cyber attacks on hospitals. in germany reportedly some two out of three have been hacked in some way. show biz has also been targeted in twenty fourteen sony pictures were subject to a massive attack stuff and forced to resort to pen and paper. and smart appliances are now handing hapless the keys to our homes by security loopholes that are frightening easy to exploit. a robot vacuum cleaner moves around the

apartment it's one of many smart home gadgets controlled by computer. controls the search for the person who owns the vacuum cleaner. but on this occasion of taking control. or dead and norm on our in the office in tel aviv they showed us how easy it is to hack into the device. which you call control that's made it. what makes it possible is that all smart vacuum cleaners made by this manufacturer are accessible by the cloud. so even though oded on his team don't have one of their own they can register as new users and replace another users id code with their own. time. then they can access the vacuum cleaner which might be anywhere in the world. so we're actually active here. this applies to all

gadgets that are part of the internet of things or. it can include everything from small baby phones to televisions heating systems and refrigerators. users can control the gadgets remotely using their smartphone that's because all these gadgets have been on board computer that can receive commands. but if there are security loopholes criminals anywhere in the world can access these household devices and even gain access to personal computers at the same time. can start to do commons with it and then i can start look which devices there is in my network and then start to move to these devices and move on so it's like it's all related to the goals of the. us or for for the bad guys what they want to achieve but there is no limit. in twenty sixteen there were six point four billion i.o.t. appliances linked to the internet with more going online all the time. experts estimate that around half are not secure and those are the ones the hackers have

set their sights on. developing malware for these smart household appliances has become big business for hackers as the german authorities have also observed. in twenty eighteen there were some eight hundred million our programs in all with three hundred ninety thousand new ones emerging every day that's the best place to earn the most money is the weakest link in the chain as an io t. devices aren't a secure as they should be but. this hacker jar from the united states was convicted last year of programming malware to infiltrate household appliances. the malware link the appliance used to form a criminal network known as the bot net. like a remote controlled hostile army the hafele devices were used to carry out a series of cyber attacks in twenty sixteen. one of them knocked out dr telecom

routers leaving more than a million customers in germany without a telephone or internet connection the first known attack on critical infrastructure in germany carried out by household appliances. but the european union's lower important agency europol the man in charge of fighting cyber crime told us that io t. devices are being used for crimes ranging from cyber extortion to the trade in child pornography. possibly a scene is a convict and we're seeing a convergence among the cyber attackers they may have political motives or financial motives or they may be terrorists but they all basically use the same tools to achieve their goals that like the act between and only teach. the only way to solve the problem is to close up the security loopholes in io to devices except only the manufacturers can do that everything that we we're walking directly with not if in

a very quietly begin to fix. but many manufacturers aren't interested. but far beyond mr meyer has discovered repeatedly he too demonstrates how easy it is to exploit the security loopholes by hacking the camera of his colleague in another country even hits the cloud id select the cloud id it's an idea that's easy to ascertain so that's done and then we can log into the camera and i just say ok now i'm connected as it says and it's now i just click on monitor and open the camera that we've had active. and as you can see we're now links directly with the office network and those people and it's the people that don't notice a thing now they have no way of telling that someone's watching them every camera and every device of this money factor can be hacked in the same way the king of the south advice of. fabienne mitta ma says that this security loophole affects nine million cameras. and the cameras connect to the internet on their own.

they've been integrated into many devices including televisions. but the manufacturer appears disinclined to take action. so how can we stop cyber criminals from infiltrating out in full force. to prevent attacks from the outside on the smarthome device as a user needs to and she was an only digital methuselahs. allowed to access this device and there are two basic principles to commence this one is to have a special password so this means that any user needs to change the different passwords on the other hand the second approach is that only allow communications forms i would he devised two specific points in the internet and to implement this is the user needs to configure a specific level which changes

a password is pretty easy for most of us but just a bit more challenging is to implement so i had to have one of the words because for this is the end users a device needs to know to rich and point to device communicates and this is usually not publicly available some vendor us gives us information but most don't i think the vendor us and also the companies should. do much more about this and present for example an easy to use. overview about the security state of the biases. what do you think about smart homes and the experience with one we asked you on facebook and i wrote i'm amazed how advanced technology has become but it also worries me to think we'd stop doing such everyday things and switching on and off lights. miguel has

a more positive take he says that small technology could help us to use energy more efficiently and optimize electricity production. marian ellis says i think that it just encourages laziness. it doesn't cost anything to get up and put off the lights. she has got a point thanks for your posts. the problem is read right but if i feel it. to you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it like we're happy to help you out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. interested in most stories from the world of science go to our website or find us on twitter or facebook. these speaking doors don't belong to

a smart home as such. you need in this well disney movie i list doesn't seem too impressed by the animated in animates. and belle in beauty and the beast isn't sure what to make of her singing tableware be i'll get a b. . but what happens in our brain when too many things vying for our attention. in the past human brains were able to deal with most stimuli pretty easily. past we were confronted with more and more challenges we were bombarded with more and more input. and nowadays in the digital age it feels as if we are permanently on call or on line and our brains never get any rest bite it's far from ideal.

under normal circumstances we'd be exposed to a stimulus our brains were process then we focus on the next one. but this kind of situation is becoming increasingly rare neuroscientists yana from the cove or is investigating how our brains cope when they're forced to continually switch between tasks. she's conducting experiments in which people have to solve a set of complicated exercises. they're asked to distinguish between monsters on the computer screen that entails keeping track of nine different distinct characteristics and identifying them by clicking on the right keys. shunk that she has heard if they really have to concentrate. the experiment is intended to simulate situations we face at work and in our leisure time but we have to tackle a wide range of tasks in rapid succession. the

program the first tests how quickly the test subjects consult simple tasks. then they're asked to focus on more and more features such as color form and pattern under increasing time pressure. this means that the eternal then there are situations in which our brain has to make a clear distinction between various steps and decisions we do these things more or less automatically the car brain it's hard work into. a frantic over also carries out m.r.i. scans on her test subjects she wants to see exactly which regions of the brain are being activated the frontal lobes are responsible for handling complex tasks. that's the part of the brain that's located behind our forehead practice allocates how many resources are devoted to each particular task it means it when we're

dealing with several tasks at once this part of the brain has to work hard to ensure that the various tasks i don't get muddled up thus if i shouldn't. come in here the test subjects are being asked to keep track of various faces and places and how they are linked in quick succession of course the more complex the tasks the slower the response this process can be observed in the frontal lobe. when the mess lower responses correlate with increased brain activity when the task is very difficult when the test subjects respond more slowly or make mistakes and then we see more activity in this part of the brain. when the brain processes the same information over and over it becomes familiar with it and responds quickly but when it's bombarded with a lot of different information in quick succession the brain needs more time to

process the various elements the faster the tasks change the more mistakes we make . different tasks also compete with one another distracting us and lower in attention. that's galbi he can't get a phone and we've all experienced something like this and it often feels quite unpleasant house from our experiments here we found that we indeed do make more mistakes in such situations and our response time is slower. when you're in the middle of one task and get distracted by a new one you first have to shell the old task that gives your brain time to identify what the new one entails and attend to it that's hard work. so how do children and teenagers respond to this challenge they were born into

a world where multitasking has become the norm and they tend to be more open to new things do they solve the tasks more quickly than the adults. we know that children of the tasks lowly than adults do and they make more mistakes or. the frontal lobes take charge when we switch rapidly between tasks on the left as an adult brain on the right a child's. frontal lobes are not fully developed until we're at least twenty so children can switch gears as quickly as adults but it will take at least ten years before researches know exactly how multitasking affects brain development when the children growing up with smartphones and tablets are fully mature.

staying on top of things in the digital era certainly isn't easy. over the last ten years access to the internet has risen thirty percent while. millions of people own smartphones and spend an awful lot of time online time spent an average of three hundred and thirteen minutes over five hours a day using mobile internet access followed by the philippines and brazil. the global digital population is growing and nearly four billion exclusively mobile internet. for many life is a relentless digital tearing me an endless onslaught of emails task lists information and text messages and work and increasingly at home as well. day in day out. his club it's important to

understand that we've been engulfed by a technology so quickly that we've had no chance to learn how to deal with it properly and the fleet and we have to constantly keep reminding ourselves of what our brains need to function well. as a psychiatry and psychotherapist folk of bush knows how digitalisation is overwhelming people but he says solutions are available for everyone. one strategy one thing at a time. often have to deal with the constant barash of demands especially at work. puts us in a state of ongoing stress which is both a medley counterproductive. and if we want to perform well in what we're doing we have to discipline ourselves

a little the pride to discipline you stick to one task at a time and nurse ourselves in it even if this doesn't seem rewarding immediately. but it does pay off in the long run with fewer mistakes and greater efficiency to know who are on if it and. thirty even if we do manage to focus on one thing at a time first still a risk we'll continue to feel stressed out. when the work load and digital networking we often forget one simple thing. take a break. for fewer than twenty five percent of people in germany take regular breaks at work with that i say the majority do without a break at least once in a while because they think they've got so much to do. but regular breaks are essential. you need to schedule them and then. take them ideally ten to fifteen minutes every two hours fifteen percent. that's because switching off is believed

to activate a neural network called the default mode network. it's a brain network that kicks in when we're not engaged in a specific mental task but that doesn't mean our brain is resting it's collating and storing the information and data it was processing and forming new connections and insights. into the real of the brain these aren't just the moments when inspiration strikes it's also healing if you should give your brain short breaks in the daily routine process what you've seen and learned. by the good news is that your brain does this almost automatically you just have to be willing to stop the constant flow of stimuli to flow to whole midnight and heights. time offline is extremely helpful. especially after work it's good to decompress from the demands of the day for

example by setting up times when you go offline to take a break from the constant flow of information. many people find that surprisingly difficult. you did every time we interact with our smartphone it sets off a quiet chemical process involving the release of dopamine. at all for cuts a hormone that's part of the brain's reward system. we develop habitual behaviors that many people find hard to change even after work for a loss and can buy one out of twenty people today have developed a dependency a kind of addiction. going offline can help change the subject you'll behaviors it also cars out time for leisure activities like going on a bike ride or jogging. exercise helps reduce levels of the body's stress hormones including courters old which helps us relax. only works when

you're talking about a moderate intensity endure infectious side come to high intensity competitive support does create mental strain which isn't as restorative for the brain. going offline also gives us a chance to foster our social connections socializing online can actually lead to greater feelings of stress and inadequacy since we often tend to measure ourselves against the idealized image others project of themselves. with this noida death we now know that there is no substitute for genuine social connections virtual relationships can't replace them in the crowd. and a good night's sleep is also priceless. speakers especially important when our brains have to cope with a heavy workload. but that's a lesson we seem to be forgetting. some studies show that the average sleep

duration in the industrialized world has been falling for years it's fallen by thirty minutes a night over the last two decades. that's not a good development when we sleep our brain is tidying up its stores the important experiences and information we encounter during the day until it's useless information like a cerebral spring clean. enough to school within our brain our frontal lobe needs a lot of this clearing out it's the region that handles the highest order mental activities guys the lies to me and the one that includes willpower self-discipline the ability to plan tasks on carry them out as well as impulse control and all of the fuel improved ideas are dinner. enough sleep is essential. it's what gives us the energy to begin a new day ready to concentrate and to tackle the digital challenges of modern life

. that's all for today next week we'll explore the world of many satellites and take a look at a building stars have the next step. join us for that next time till then but i.

do. now. the camera. them mission. the world's. knowledge talents presents find powerful voices and their visionary battle for a better future. me accompany them from the first sketch all the way to the big screen. coming up.

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