as knowledge i want to meet challenges to those women back home to flood zones by their duties and social goals and inform them of old dead basic rights my name is the about of people who and i work at speed a move. move move move. move. move move move. from africa to europe hundreds of thousands have tried to flee. but recently the number of arriving migrants has dropped. the e.u. has cut deals with african governments curbing mass migration and in return for eight. years development. the e.u. is widening its reach beyond the mediterranean into africa and it hasn't shied away

from bringing long shunned dictators out of isolation. being sealed. criminalising. it's a lucrative new market for the arms and security industry. you can't secure thousands of kilometers of border and libya and egypt without foot patrols technologies exist someone just needs to pay for them. more than eight billion euros to stem the tide of migration. today more migrants are dying in the desert in the mediterranean. has become an open. play. what impact does the e.u. . on africa.

of. our investigation begins. we're headed towards libya from. result trade road. once the main route for caravans it remains an economic lifeline . merchants transport goods from. and subsaharan countries all the way to libya on the mediterranean. in recent years this road was also the main route for african migrants trying to get to europe. we're only allowed to travel here with a security escort. we agree in the hope of finding out what action the e.u. is taking here to stop migration.

everyone here is checked to the. police as travellers where they've come from and where they're going. anyone suspected of trying to reach europe is barred passage. that's why migrants now avoid these checkpoints. today we don't encounter any west african migrants here instead merchants from the tribe desert nomads who have moved freely across desert borders for centuries. of the local government the growth of the four on a movie i'm from i want to go to libya my parents live there. used to be a lot more people here the merchants tell us that the rest station. but people smugglers are still cashing in says our driver a member of the argot is regional council.

the desert is big even if you stop it here it goes on elsewhere the smugglers know all the checkpoints and avoid them across the desert to get to libya. so i do so the business is less official but it continues. to do for me but. it's still a long way to libya. and we're not allowed to continue our journey. the official reason security concerns. mohamed tells us that migrant transports take big detours through the desert. they also avoid water supply stations because these are now under surveillance through you funding. but off this main route the risks for migrants increase u.n. agencies say the numbers of dead being found in this part of the sahara is rising the government of. the e.u. which has pledged one billion euros in development aid

a massive sum for the impoverished as your nation. and the government is appearing to the e.u.'s wishes with a crackdown. there are one hundred nine seized vehicles on this parking lot of the blue going to more than one hundred human traffickers are behind bars or investigative custody. for the migrants who were traveling in these vehicles have ended up in camps run by the international organization for migration and are to be sent back to their native countries. the from. liberia warren may twenty fifth one thousand nine hundred three. with photos. of. the radio broadcaster sahara f.m. regularly reports on e.u. policy and its repercussions. we meet up with the editor in chief of even him.

he shows us photographs of people who have a deadly died trying to reach europe. to see migrant who was found dead in the vehicle of happen because they are blocking the only routes that can be traveled safely she must know our grandparents used to. have you mr self why the government of nigeria has refused to let you travel further into the desert. they have something to hide push the sahara has become an open air sanitary serious human shit i see in the way. of increasing numbers of people are dying in the desert because the main route is more strictly controlled a serious allegation. the government in the maze says the stricter controls are designed to protect people. the european union leads a mission in easier to train police eighty europeans work at their headquarters in

the army twenty are posted in august is here. their brief is to train local authorities in conducting more effective controls. the idea would then be to have an eye on that water point yet and that's what actually the alternatives are doing so they are out there trying to you know go there but also it is difficult because they don't necessarily have the mobility they don't have a costs and. they sometimes stay i think even in belmont that many old only have one car and to have more car so that going more car so thanks to germany so that is very good. germany has supplied more than two hundred vehicles we want to talk to german officers taking part in the you kept mission and film them work but our request is denied.

each year is a member of the west african economic union eco us similar to the e.u. its citizens enjoy visa free travel across the blocs borders in theory. we've arrived at the border between easier and looking at fossil it's located on the central migration route from west africa to europe and is therefore of interest to the e.u. . officially the e.u. supports the freedom of movement in west africa but that no longer seems to be valid everywhere. across africa people travel from country to country usually between neighboring countries border traffic is nothing unusual. but the people here say it's becoming increasingly difficult. we meet some people who are desperate to get to europe this man's destination is belgium. police moved i made it's a new juror and then i was sent back by the police. they said would be risking

their lives in the desert it's not normal. even if i die i have my dream that's the way it is because the secure market is. sickles on his home country ivory coast is a member of eco us. but you don't need a visa supposed to know normally you don't meszaros an eco was member like my country in theory i don't need a visa. in me here the e.u. has achieved its goal of stemming the tide of migrants for now. the european union is going to great lengths to advance migration controls in africa. we take a closer look at these new strategies. in recent years some african countries have received more attention from europe than ever before. with

more than eight billion euros earmarked for africa until twenty twenty brussels is flexing its foreign policy muscles. we propose to use a mix of positive and negative incentives to reward those countries willing to cooperate effectively with us and to ensure that there are consequences for those who do not this includes using our developments and trade policies to create leverage thank you very much. so the e.u. is giving some countries more development aid and expects something in return its focus is on the nations from which migrants and refugees are fleeing and those they cross trying to reach the mediterranean. the e.u. has also cut deals with countries it's long subjected to sanctions like sudan. for years president omar al bashir was an international pariah indicted by the

international criminal court on charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes in darfur. when he won reelection three years ago with an official ninety four percent of the vote visiting dignitaries included guests from egypt zimbabwe and saudi arabia there were no representatives from europe. instead of congratulations brussels only voiced criticism. but a short while later it launched negotiations in two thousand and sixteen. as secret e.u. documents these clearly spell out the e.u.'s objective in cutting a deal with sudan to reduce onward movements to europe. the moral cost is evidently high. the e.u. should carefully consider the high reputational risk associated with its engagement with sudan. we fly to the sudanese capital. it took

a long time for sudanese authorities to approve our visit but after persistent efforts we got visas. intelligence agents accompany us at all times when we're on location sudan is a surveillance state government critics face repression. the country was long internationally isolated and ostracized. but recently sanctions have been lifted or loosened the west is rehabilitating the regime sudan is the third largest country in africa now controls along its seven thousand kilometer long borders are to be more strictly enforced. on the border with libya that protection is in part provided by the rapid support forces in two thousand and sixteen at the height of negotiations between sudan and the e.u. the r.s.s. presented seven hundred detained refugees the commander had a clear message. underline the refugees and holds no danger to

us these people are trying to reach europe. no there was so we are assisting in europe you know a little. general doug low and his division are notorious in sudan the unit was formed from the militias called the general weed which translates as devils on horseback investigators in the hague say doug low was their commander when on the president's orders they led a campaign of ethnic cleansing in darfur. now integrated into the army the same troops have been deployed by the government to the north as a border patrol force international human rights groups accuse the orissa of abusing refugees and forcibly returning them to their home countries ethiopia and eritrea in violation of international refugee laws. the e.u. denies it cooperates with e.r.'s if. the spokesperson for sudan's cooperation with

the e.u. is general. not affiliated with the r.s.s. he's in charge of border protection at the interior ministry. derives late to our meeting because he says he was held up in talks with e.u. project officials. stresses that sudan complies with international standards in its treatment of refugees. we've heard a geisha and say against hours after and then off is there any truth about it or are you working on this as well you know true for us because we haven't go to any new reports on the. but we have also want to go to the national commission for human rights those who have been others to. seize on the borders normally we have

to check them out a few years with the exam book to the to the comps but those who are. so in collaboration with the converse is the issue of those arms of the comments i'm going to we take them back with a list of countries the one area that we are not getting the border control is equipment time skeptical to here outlines a number of cooperation projects with the e.u. . there is a new operation center in khartoum contact with the german federal police and training conducted by the german agency for international cooperation the g.i.c. the years that are for the men implement and then they have core implemented. see also but that's into german not for the years of who's supporting it they already started with trainings or anything yeah we have one of the started for the least we train in the north in more than one hundred two offices no. we're not permitted to

film g.r.i.z. representatives or they're on site activities in writing the g.i.'s he confirms that it's new duties include training security forces. they declined to sit down for an on camera interview. the e.u. mission in sudan is adamant that it does not cooperate with the r.s.s. if it only deals with other units and it will not be supplying sudan with hardware . there will be probably when this computer which would be delivered for his kids and or change information to need to networks and. this sort of meant but the move. there when he says that he's waiting for us to my probably there's a misunderstanding no. now they are trying to get some things out they are too trying to really sudanese.

know v. counter effects of their isolation for years now and they want to engage with the international community we want to get some more legitimacy and so we are trying the ambassador believes sudan is on a road towards improvement and that includes its human rights situation he defends e.u. cooperation saying the focus is on development aid in education and employment. one of the authors of that report is the worry that big agent here. strengthen and dictatorship that's the fundamental question but clearly we believe it's not by contradictions but you will improve the situation when you engage in dialogue we have

a bit of challenge to make things and. the sudanese border with eritrea is about a ten hour drive south from the capital border patrols regularly catch refugees entering from eritrea. we accompany one patrol. the secret service military and police working close cooperation here an officer of the secret service tells us. he's in charge here but avoids the camera and. these regular troops have also been accused of human rights abuses. the border with eritrea is the six hundred kilometer long invisible line through the desert. it's strategically important five thousand people flee eritrea every month. nine million refugees currently live in the horn of africa sudan has been instructed to prevent them from setting off for europe. we have an appointment with the local police

chief. one i learned a few thousand who are. always maintained that as long as european nations other refugees destination and suffer from illegal migration they have to pay in the shape of transport modern surveillance equipment modern vehicles even airplanes that can monitor the long borders into ethiopia and eritrea. because of things that the police chief of claims representatives of the e.u. and individual know. states had promised him more. just something. well they made a lot of promises. i can't say nothing has arrived but what we've received doesn't suffice given the current number of migrants. and all that comes to mind right now are a few motorcycles. motorcycles or the bill so you didn't end with

a flake of i think that it would grow. takes time we want to know what happens to the people detained at the border and are granted permission to visit one of the big refugee camps near the eritrean border. it's located in no man's land a two hours drive from the nearest city. officially forty thousand people have found shelter here most of them are eritreans who fled to escape a brutal compulsory military service that can rob men and women of half of their lifetimes. at times eritrea's border guards have shot and killed people trying to flee. because. there are food shortages in the camp and many unaccompanied minors. we talked to women who tried to get across the border alone. will. begin school on my own and london and there were seven of us. we were being trailed

by a band of smugglers when we ran away from them five of us got away in the city but i was caught together with another girl. they locked us out for three days and raped us and then they took our money and set us free near the sudanese border all of you the women don't want to stay here. unless you can tell i want there's nothing here we don't want to stay in sudan our goal is to flee to europe so we can have a better life for instance by going to school and learning a new language just so we can have a better life and a lot of help. the refugees are locked in officially they're not allowed to leave the camp without a pass but that's hard to obtain. sudan's roads are strewn with checkpoints where guards demand to see i.d.'s refugees say the only way to get through is with smugglers who have good connections to the authorities. they say sudanese and

eritrean officers have their hands in the smuggling business. the sudanese interior ministry even at mrs march and says it's combating such corruption. we spent months trying to obtain a visa from the eritrean government in vain officials there evidently don't want to discuss why so many of its people want to leave the country. eritrea is dubbed the north korea of africa many refugees say they're fleeing their own government today more than a million eritreans live outside the country. the united nations has documented incidents it classifies says crimes against humanity men aren't slaved in the army women systematically raped it's to this dictatorship that europe has restamp which ties. the e.u. wants to run programs in eritrea to instruct judges and prosecutors on how to bring

suspected smugglers to trial. but how successful could that be. eritrea's intelligence agency is active across africa that's why this critic will only speak to us anonymously. if they catch people fleeing and the refugees survive the bullets fired at the border and they torture these people to death they hang them up by the hearns and feet from trees. people are tortured to death. our informer was himself subjected to prolonged confinement he then managed to escape to another african country. he's an expert on eritrea smuggling network and level serious charges at the authorities. the safest way to escape is with the smuggling network run by the military or the government. if they organize the excuse and provide the vehicles under man usually a commander ensure a safe passage. he ensures that you get through the checkpoints and that no one

asks any questions. anyone involved in smuggling is arrested and executed except the military there services carry a high price tag from twenty eleven to twenty sixth in the price was five thousand dollars per person today it's eight thousand per person. government employees operating as smugglers can that be true. eritrean authorities deny the accusation. in the netherlands we meet up with a researcher who's published a comprehensive study on the trade in refugees from eritrea lariam for. the first thing to say is that human trafficking at this scale in a country that is so close and so controlled is not possible without the knowledge of the government in interviews refugees also speak often office that general mind

use i had in eastern sudan and basically controlling. a lot of abductions apparently that were happening from that that office the eritrean government took from rising to court over her allegations but she won the case. she remains critical of eritrea and the e.u. basically what we are supporting is mafia type organizations which keep local. populations under control but is very strange about the european union policy is that for. all those decades the european union and i would say rightly so has put as conditions for its respect for human rights and respect for the more democracy and the rule of law. and now at this moment

to actually many africans are thinking that that is very important to build their societies. the european union starts to. kind of put these aside it's to go into very cynical agreements purely out of self-interest but it's a very shortsighted self-interest because at the end of the day that'll come back to us. cooperation with undemocratic governments refugees trapped in hopeless situations bodies in the desert. we want to confront those responsible for the e.u.'s new policy with its consequences. were meeting one of the blocs key strategists italy's stefano months or easy heads the european commission's department of international cooperation and development. with us in the opium

societies the problem is the pro is why it how we can respond there was a call to do. and the opium you know. try to contribute in this way taking or shall we say courage cook quite courageous to say approach if you want so therefore the three things that the additional route let's say structured a bit more input from the sale to the whole second institutional building and capacity of the states in order to be able to manage that their way to fighting ice cream and they too can set the third reintegration of the legless he's pragmatic in his defense of e.u. cooperation with dictatorships like sudan so therefore there is already a reality of camps careful let's add them because if another wave start from that you know there will be a problem if we possibly close or get this if we leave open call for example where there would be simply the traffic therefore let's cooperate with them you know the

two have a better management of this. this better management however may be having serious repercussions we raise the subject of dead migrants in the ne shared desert. me all this is a. mistake and from unfortunate also people die but you're not to say that therefore this policy is rotten because you cause unintended consequences which are pushing people to do some of the chain of causality i denied to come up of course but we are taking care of these people. in the fall of twenty seventeen ivory coast hosted to some of the european union and african union called to focus on youth advancement it was meant to be a harmonious affair. but the e.u. arrived with a wish list it wanted guarantees that african states would take back citizens whose applications for asylum in europe had been rejected. amid a lack of consensus the issue of migration overshadowed the summit. we sat down

with the african union's director for social affairs. just focus of european migration policy keeping everybody. on end of vigorous pursuit of the policy sometimes trying to do one i don't want to use your deliberate but i see just too long intended consequences because there are narrow minded pursuit of keep them all to keep them on top of all costs cross in front of us is not a crime much how much we try to make it we all migrated from somewhere. in africa's migration is a motor for development citizens working abroad sent money home. in many countries that income is more crucial than development aid from europe. was our goal is to see like i said it's our money going to break we'll. see you on

a daily on a regular migration and. to see the benefits. going on to continue to see my response positive and not something may get you on perhaps a ticket to a weak spot to to do not achieve it we are on the right wing telling us to be able to. africans want more migration europeans less the twenty seventeen summit ended in discord and with no joint statement on the issue african nations were left feeling that europe was determined to seal itself off from their continent. frontex is in charge of doing just that we're on our way to the headquarters of the e.u. border security agency. when it was founded in two thousand and five frontex was allocated a budget of six point five six million euros for twenty twenty it's slated to get three hundred forty five million. the number of employees is slated to rise in the

same period from forty five to one thousand frontex can also call on thousands of national police officers from backup across europe. frontex doesn't just patrol the e.u.'s outer borders in the mediterranean it's also received new duties such as the training of border police in africa. and it has forged an alliance with african intelligence agencies they had a front text tells us. this matter. is our first goal is the exchange of information information pertaining to migration as well as crime or community. two thirds of the more than twenty participating countries in the security network are autocratic regimes from texas seeking to increase manpower and technology in african countries. showbiz's and good minds arms in the wrist i believe it's in the common entrance of european and african

countries. to build on these resources. to be. building on resources includes investing in technology the industry is ready and waiting in the wings we take a look around europe's biggest event for homeland security milli pull in paris. border protection technology is the number one emerging segment in the arms industry. one reason technology to secure and control borders is easier to export then military hardware. will be on the wall yeah you know it's also difficult it's well in europe there's frontex. we're expecting orders from the agencies. if you're trying to stop the border crossing was there are various types of technology available for surveillance and control and alarm this is one that while the capacity the solution

is like a swiss army knife. you can choose the tools that meets your current need or it was always assumed to keep the set up to have a clue what you mean. order management is a booming business with global annual market growth of seven percent. sales in the industry are due to exceed fifty billion dollars worldwide by two thousand and twenty two. one reason is increasing demand in the fight against irregular migration but nobody here is willing to discuss the topic with us airbus ryan mittal and industry groups decline or ignore our request for interviews. but we know their lobbyists are busy working behind the scenes thanks to the efforts of the arms industry's most important e.u. lobby organization the aerospace and defense industries association. five hundred million euros of the e.u. budget have been diverted to fund research and development of new military

technology. a surprise former german minister for economic cooperation and development. the first interview of his post political career he now works for germany's biggest arms producer. where he's in charge of global strategy development. you can secure thousands of kilometers of borders in libya and egypt with foot patrols protection demands the implementation of technology to. technological protection doesn't always take the shape of walls or fences technological protection can also comprise a sensor by a surveillance system or aerial objects. as a politician needle advocated a marriage of german industry with development policy. it's in europe's interest and if it's in germany's answers that such measures of protection are implemented then it must also be in europe's or germany's interest firstly to

pay for these measures and secondly that the people who have to work with these technologies get the qualifications they need to operate them. strictly civilian technology firms are also hoping for a share of the profits in africa biometrics is the buzzword the dutch company can mount o. is the market leader a microchip storing fingerprints and photos is embedded in passports and verified it borders. that's really is so this could propagate to remain closed or the person to be called over for a control controlling some sort of complete system in the european union is funding the introduction of such technologies for instance in nigeria. this is this really slowed us down on the african market we have the situation that the market as such is virtually nonexistent while at the same time it's precisely there that ipad sports complete systems civil registries need to be rolled out. on our

trips we're constantly having our fingerprints scanned in pictures taken. africa's borders and airports are obviously getting an upgrade. pretty soon no one will be able to board a plane here without environment or passport. like in many african countries uganda now requires every citizen to undergo biometric greatest ration. that applies to refugees as well as a requirement mandated by the government. the machines are supplied by european companies the aim is to prevent refugees from applying for asylum in more than one country in future the data will be accessible globally that would aid the e.u. in its efforts to repatriate rejected asylum seekers to their home countries. we want to find out what impact the e.u.'s new africa policy has had here. the need

for foreign aid here in uganda is great but the money it receives doesn't amount to much. one point four million refugees live in the country. the north is home to the biggest refugee camps in africa. uganda depends on international aid and u.n. agencies in particular to provide these people with basic necessities but there are problems. you know you would need self is no ten now i add these two to that don't now finding that. i do quickly and that's the reason as to why oftentimes they're able to bring in what they have. and that even though uganda's refugee policy is considered exemplary these are not camps in which refugees sit around idly these are settlements. refugees building materials are donations they can move freely around the country they're allowed and encouraged to find work. but the situation is deteriorating there is

a shortage of everything food schools teachers doctors the e.u. is one of uganda's biggest donors yet it now spends less on each refugee here than it used to at the same time the transit countries that lie on refugees route to europe are getting more funding under brussels new policy. uganda feels it's losing out. there used to be go around calling the according to him and see the funding. for schools he's long sought to five percent the european union's key about. increasing accomplis. we continue to appeal but we don't know what to do. the un refugee agency is also feeling the pinch as a result of brussels new policy in africa. negotiating with the. a view to optimize refugee policy is the job of this man. you

can look at the situation from different viewpoints it's wrong to say that the problem is solved because fewer people are arriving in italy because more people are leaving libya to return to their home countries seafood is just part of the problem the problem of waste the problem remains because it controls of become more strictly enforced and some borders on routes to libya and it's now become much more difficult to get there and the smugglers take much higher risks because there are more people being left stranded in the desert we now have a lot more people dying in the desert probably more than we have drowning in the mediterranean and i meet you on the saltwater. says africans are the main losers of the e.u.'s new policy. see it don't you wait the more money is being spent on border protection would have been an effect of developments in a particular country that unfortunately was perceived as certain the balance d.c.

keyed in we talk a lot about controlling and preventing illegal migration but what we don't see is any funding of legal migration small dipping sees what i mean but every side needs to take compromises. the policy cannot come down to expecting africa to shoulder all the burden without offering people any opportunities. that. illegal entry into europe for more than just a few thousand selected refugees is something the african union is also demanding and it has its own plans for inner african migration. model eighty five percent of my response is within africa. that's an established far however starting from twenty it's in. the if a continent would be put in place if you know if free movement for talk which is in three parts of force is abortion of research in mashed one is arrested it i mean domestic versus right office tablature so. here we have put in money

meant of migration on the continent in a more legal framework. to watch if. it's sick it's incumbent upon our european partners with the our own experience to also support those what nots to undermine it have because of disparate policies to keep people out. but the e.u. steadfastly rejects this claims. that you seem to me quite the complex reasoning that if we are managing and helping them in order to say manage their space you know for their own purposes not only our shop it's his i'm paying their their project if it seems right and i work with africa's fanciers hasim from the coal industry a friend offered. my african friends. we want to say the e.u. diplomat stands by his position he sees migration as a threat to europe's future. if not turn into

a permanent feature. the geographic. europe will remain subject to the same pressure. the e.u. has achieved its goal the number of migrants arriving in europe is falling. but the consequences of its policy are dire the e.u. ties to regimes with human rights records. for africans under threat it's becoming increasingly difficult to seek protection and work beyond their own borders.

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