you know that seventy seven percent. are younger than sixty. that's me and me and you. and you know what it's time all voices. on the seventy seven percent to talk about the issue. this is where. the seventy seven percent starts april sixth d.w.i. . welcomes you in good shape coming up this week. the common cold can getting a chill make you more likely to get sick. office fitness integrating regular movement into your work day. and new study results with the right

regimen diabetes can be healed and here's dr kirsten they could cut how healthy are we germans and where do or health risks lie this is what a huge study likes to find out called the g n c study on narco study the germans interviewed they examined and they are biometrically measured. and this is why i'm going to meet professor to be. he's the head of the german national accord study center here at the center in berlin buckle. we want to investigate. the verse in order to program to the future. and

your aim of the study is to identify the risk factors of major chronic diseases like hypertension catarrh vascular diseases diabetes those diseases are dangerous but in many cases they are preventable. the number of adults with diabetes has almost doubled since one nine hundred eighty to over eighty percent of the global population now a recent study has shown that intensive weight management can lead to remission of type two diabetes. this is a milestone discovery it's shown that diabetes is curable it's no longer something to be endured for life in names. the overweight participants drank shakes and soups for a few months consuming less than nine hundred calories a day and exercising they receive counseling along the way. remission of the diabetes varied with weight loss of those who maintained

a loss of up to seven kilograms. seven percent were able to go off their diabetes meds. among test subjects who lost fifteen kilograms or more eighty six percent were able to stop taking their medication nearly all of them. i mean this study marks a revolution in diabetes therapy doctors and patients need to rethink taking tablets and injecting insulin one's entire life is no longer inevitable it's not simply fade six. doesn't need insulin anymore now that he has lost a lot of weight. he used to eat too much food. and the wrong kinds. of fast food at the drive and i did a couple of burgers and i'd be off again. kept putting on weight until he developed type two diabetes hoped with

a high for the main risk factors for type two diabetes are fat deposits on the organs and the abdomen the more fat the more insulin the body needs the more insulin the bigger the fat deposits acca it's a vicious circle one that for many patients turns dangerous even deadly it has to be broken or do most of. the body turns carbohydrates into the simple sugar glucose which enters the blood the pancreas produces the hormone insulin which lowers blood sugar levels as it shifts glucose into neighboring cells but when confronted with too much glucose cells can grow resistant to insulin the pancreas struggles to create more and more of it but eventually fails leading to an insulin deficiency. glucose is no longer taken out from the blood by the cells insulin injections and then necessary to bring down the glucose levels in the blood. of patients wait the less effectively the insulin works that means if i don't get my weight down

significantly the insulin my body produces works less well and even if i inject insulin that doesn't work very well that means it becomes even easier to gain even more weight. still fun garbage changed the way he eats and lost twenty three kilograms. that allowed him to reduce his diabetes meds significant way. the vanek lauzon was also putting on more and more weight. this is what she looked like two years ago she developed diabetes and her doctor prescribed medication that drove her to get her weight under control. dyspraxia i was totally determined from one day to the next shortly before christmas no excuses i started to exercise and to completely change the way i eat. instead of pills she went in for nutrition counseling and daily exercise.

we did that first year the last eighteen kilos. if you don't you be sort of soon after a significant weight loss the patient has almost normal blood sugar and hemoglobin values all without any medication anybody coming to the to the p.c. if divina close in maintains her weight she might not have to take diabetes meds ever again she succeeded in regulating her blood glucose by changing the way she lives any drug free. i hear the professor to be a special he's the head of one of the eighteen german national call centers called nachle thanks for having me today i say go into your already examine me where it's not that easy because of course your current handgrip depends on several different factors but in fact in the narcos study we examined the maximum strength and it's known from other research areas that particularly for elderly persons

strengths is an important risk factors and in the narco study we know investigate what extent hand grip strength a sort of a risk factor for disease and persons in middle aged and younger person so where you could the participants in the a tranche of twenty to sixty nine years of the narco study but why did you test the handgrip strength and not the strength of the experts what we're interested in is to the strengths of the muscle in general and not on a population level we had group strength shows a very high correlation with over a lot of the strengths so that the primaries so you could test me now yes yes we can actually do that i have had great strengths measurement here so so what we do i will give you this device ok and you would take it in your right hand normally we do it three times on each hand and you press

a device as strong as you can not quickly about three and then as strong as you can and then you just really that because i give it to you and then i say right now press not. ok so we have forty one point seven kilograms right nearly forty two kilograms out that's great isn't it so that's good i mean that's actually what we want to know so we want to know what to what extent this is now associated with the risk of disease we don't know with yet exactly what we know from the narco study is that the average hand grip strength of this forty eight kilograms and thirty kilograms forty range in there etc so i mean the way of rich you're slightly below average i.q. my right hand is below average yesterday but you don't actually know what it means that are below average but this is what you want to find out exactly so let's all

want to know that for a time and one example is. that we want to investigate for example to what extent it's associated with risk of type two diabetes type two diabetes depends on insulin sensitivity sawhorse sensitive your body is screwed up take and that depends on the muscle and here we actually measure the function of the muscle so that's the one question when i think of diabetes actually i don't think about of strength but i think of bioelectrical impedance measurements and you've got a device there exactly we have one by see that measures body weight but also the body composition of the modified must go so i don't know if i want to jump on this but i should of course i can the. normally you're on this analyzer make it or at least in underwear but i will say this site so i'm fully in armor but you think so what we measure here is body weight and from

body weight and height recalculates the body mass index your body mass index is twenty four point two so you're in the normal range of the whole interest for the rest of us so it's a white duty to please you. it's not just all about the b.m.i. because you also measuring the fat and the muscle tissue there so we know the theory of the body fat is not just another your storage depot part of the body fat is also and the crime are going to create hormones for example and these hormones. maybe you may be a risky for disease development and therefore we want to measure fat as exactly as possible so one thing we are three hundred thirty years body fat composition so what is the proportion of fat in your body and then further all of the auto interests are the body fat distribution because we know that people with the same b.m.i. have different disease risk repairmen on where our body fat is through creative

through created in the belly region. that is more dangerous than fat and these catania of regions right and can even promote some diseases like like diabetes etc readers but also other obvious lack of these and certain types of cancer. detecting diseases early or the risk factor of the diseases is very important and has take committees for instance. rheumatism is a blanket term that refers to a range of disorders that cause inflammation and discomfort and restrict movement these conditions can affect the joints spine bones muscles and tendons and in some cases even organs is also good mind the biggest factor they all have in common is that in all of them the immune system is attacking the patient's body. and it was out of external causes or rare like where you have an infection and in particular pathogen is to blame and we can treat that infection in rheumatic diseases the

immune system perceives structures within the body to be alien and therefore triggers an inflammatory or immune reaction the audience who knows. the most common form of rheumatism is arthritis where the lining of joints is inflamed. generally on both sides of the body it commonly affects the hands and fingers the condition is painful and limits movement and in the long run can destroy the joints. another form of rheumatism is known as ankle osing spondylitis which generally affects the spine that causes inflammation and the tendons where they attach to bone the entire back bone can be affected it can even cause the vertebrae to fuse. rheumatic diseases can affect young people too none can be cured completely but treatments can at least slow down or even stop further development side is that time is of the essence once a joint is destroyed we can't simply rebuild it. the sooner we see the patient the

better we'll be able to treat them and that also raises the chances of their being able to have a symptom free life later with the help of medication is that even through uncommon . in many cases rheumatism is diagnosed too late in germany it typically takes a year for doctors to identify arthritis and to refer the patient to a specialist and within that time the inflammatory process may well have progressed quickly causing irrevocable damage to joints. the risk of contracting rheumatism is one of the targets even of your studies so what you're looking for we do physical examinations of the palmer officer of the fingers the joints of the of the of the fingers of the hand and. to see where those areas there's a dysfunctional over the swelling of the joints we also examined the knees and also

of the the hip joints and then in the in addition we all saw take biological samples especially blood samples part of this sam both of these samples are stored in the center of the bio bag and part of these samples are sand tool lab and we do routine laboratory measurements in these samples and we for example also measure inflammatory markers such as peat and then this could then be indicative of of remark diseases but you actually do is you take samples of your participants like blood edge of put it into this kind of box with a little tubes in here and then you star it for plenty of years exactly so there is a very standardized procedure we collect samples from the participants and then we have piping a robot and we store these samples into a little tube which is this year and the amos later on once we know which people have developed certain diseases to retrieve the blood samples from the bio bank and

to do all analysis for example of a flip inflammatory markers to see whether these biomarkers are predictive of certain diseases such as rumored to duck so it's a bit like a time machine where you can show dechen time and see if the effect years where they're in the past of the patients exactly i mean that's exactly the purpose of the of the of the narcos study to see rich which factors are associated with the disease and richard which are who could then be used as rick's risk factors also in a clinical setting you know to only take blood samples. the samples you do and the rice k. and c.c. g.'s trays and so on what if you find some disease or you're just looking for risk factors only the first thing is that it's important to note of that we are not doing a screening investigations but of course if we see that the data are in. no way are after normal that there should be should be some kind of intervention some kind of

treatment then we would inform the participant and recommend to go to a general practitioner or to train a professional checks rather than needs to be some some intervention when you expect first results so we are completing the baseline examination to see year's awards two hundred thousand participants will be rolled into the study and we expect the first results from part of the participants by the end of this year early next year we could have your question from surely from one that good aggress in she would like to know to what extent can the findings here and of this german study can be transferred to the rest of the world yes this of course it depends on the bit on the ethnic background of the population sautoy in chile the it is a mixture of the. costs are different and that's all taught among one of the aims of the narcos i did to investigate this of course this can not only be done in the

narc or in isolation but in collaboration with other courts size worldwide to see if they were there or in gene environment interactions in other words whether the risk that is associated with environment affected us defers among different ethnic backgrounds and that's exactly the question the larger question for which are thanks so much for having me today and if you've got any questions don't hesitate just for me anyway. upcoming show we'll be looking at blood it's a pleasure bunny with nutrients and. pflag many diseases will also examine therapies that make use of the patient's own blood are they medically sound send your questions to in good shape d.w. dot com just write blood in the subject line we look forward to hearing from you. sitting in the office for a long time it's not healthy you know that so you should incorporate activity in

a regular basis into your workday but it's not as easy as it sounds. like many people in the modern world claudia has a typical office job she sits at a desk for eight hours or more every day and that can have major consequences for her health. the longer she sits the less her muscles and organs are supplied with blood and the greater her risk of developing back pain or cardiovascular disease. we need to change the way we work but how. sports instructor mischa and occupational physician schools are are working with cloudy on the problem today. or the two of them have put together a plan for the office that encourages more movement. every half hour they schedule a short break to move around every hour a break for the eyes twice a day they plan

a bigger break for activity and also a fitness unit for the brain. can cloudy if it that all into her workday. nine o'clock. claudia sits down at her desk. she's just hitting her stride with the morning workload when the first break is announced. time for a short break. claudia wouldn't normally take a break just yet but the instructor tells her it's time to move around. recommends activity. it's like walking around while on the phone doing need standing on one leg or doing an exercise he calls the vein. and you're forced to move more if trash cans and printers aren't right next to your desk it's sitting puts a lot of strain on the enter vertebral desk so movement of the workplace is extremely important and preventing spine problems if you do nothing your body will be the worse for it but you can prevent that by moving more at work but. after five

minutes cloudy is back at work but less than half an hour later. i break time. constantly staring at screens is bad for your eyes so cloudy is now supposed to exercise them but quickly switching her gaze from distant objects to close ones and then back again she should also remember to blink regularly. when many things in the past that if you don't blink your eyes quickly begin to feel swallow and they would actually become inflamed if you didn't open and close them regularly opening and closing the eyes renews the film that coats the on its more recent which prevents problems and pain. when the clock strikes eleven clodius running a little behind. big movement break. that means it's time for claudia to walk briskly. climb the stairs for around

twenty minutes. but that eats up her lunch break not an ideal solution work places need common areas just for movement. the morning is almost over cloudy is still behind with her work. brain training. yeah the entertaining time to exercise your brain if we want to do something different that doesn't involve working on the p.c. i brought along two balls for the training. side element of. mental exercises meant to reduce stress and activate both hemispheres of the brain today's program includes juggling and movements to improve coordination so it also gets cloudy up and moving. many new guns if i do a monotonous job all day long after a while i begin to get a bit dull and i don't just stop enjoying my work i grow less efficient overall on the other hand if i move around and stimulate both halves of my brain and process

new impressions then i can achieve higher levels of performance in the long term. but to get there every day working life in the white collar world has to change and employers need to begin encouraging their staff to move more ensuring breaks. and exercise outside the workplace is of course also important doctors recommend at least three hours of cardio a week that might not always be easy to manage. but it's worth every minute while it's quite cold today i hope that i don't care it's a cold don't worry you're not catching a cold because your feet are cold. rise and shine when it's time to leave home on a cold morning getting ready takes longer than in the summer after all if you're not dressed warmly enough you might soon come down with something statistics show that catching

a cold is more likely during the chillier months of the year so can getting cold make you sick. back in eight hundred seventy eight pioneering researcher louis pasteur believed he proven that the cold makes you sick he deliberately exposed chickens to anthrax which the birds would normally be immune to. after pastor dumped them and ice cold water however test animals died from it. the researcher deduced that the human immune system could likewise become less effective against pathogens in cold conditions. over the subsequent decades numerous studies were performed to try to prove the theory sometimes using pretty bizarre methods in one nine hundred fifty a british researcher had test subjects wearing wet swimming trunks stand in a drafty corridor until they complained of feeling rather poorly. next the participants had to walk around in what socks for several hours finally they were

infected with a cold virus but a problem arose the control group who'd remained wrapped up nice and warm got sick just as frequently as the test subjects so much for cast iron proof. more recently in two thousand and five british researchers had test subjects placed their feet in ice cold water for twenty minutes the control group put their feet in an empty basin so who would be more likely to catch a cold over the next few days. lo and behold the coldfoot group fell six slightly more often the problem this time though was the number of test subjects the researchers themselves acknowledge that there were too few to provide hard statistical proof. some researchers believe what's key is the way in which the body tries to protect itself from the cold its priority is to conserve enough heat

for the brain and internal organs. to snuffed it and when it gets cold the body does this by constricting the blood vessels in the body's peripheral areas that's why your nose hands and feet get cold first it also affects the mucus membranes in the nasal cavity and the blood vessels in the lungs also contract but the reduced blood flow means fewer than in cells are able to circulate to future protects the mucous membranes from the viruses that trigger a cold i might mistake a function. so cold temperatures might make it more difficult for the immune system to defend itself against invaders but that's just one of a range of competing theories. some scientists claim that the dry air and heated rooms makes the nucleus membranes more sensitive . so extra layers won't protect you against viruses as

such but they do keep your extremities warm and your immune system taking over at least that's the theory and generations of parents would doubtless agree. that's it for today let's see what next week and until then let's all try to stay in good shape.

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