as if it breaks it deadlock. nato was founded seventy years ago they say age is just a number but when the most powerful person on the planet dismisses you as obsolete even the most seasoned soldiers can start building their mission or today for the first time ever the head of nato spoke before the u.s. congress his mission to dispel any doubts about the necessity of nato a message tailor made for president donald trump i'm off in berlin this is the day . for all and all for want almost all laws student we do not it states in its hour of need this string think. is that the spine our differences we have always been able

to night around our corporals to defend the children to protect its holder and to keep our people safe we will need our reliance even more confused. we faced unprecedented. challenges challenges no one nation comes face little since we cannot force seat the future we have to be prepared for the unforeseen. we need a strong to deal with uncertainty we how long that stuff that is make. also coming up tonight as of today in brunei you can be stoned to death for committing adultery or for having gay sex now for much of the world it's a reason to be outraged for the leader of brunei is just another reason to visit his country young that. anyone who visits our country will come away with. good

memories in my mind is that they will experience what a peaceful and harmonious society we have as well as the best hospitality. to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all the around the world welcome we begin the day with two very different messages on this seventieth anniversary of native founding one is about a shared purpose and a shared peace the other is not about sharing instead it's all about show me the money if you immediately connected the money with u.s. president donald trump then you know he continues to criticize nato members especially germany for not paying their fair share for defense or the other message brings us to nato secretary general yens stoltenberg today he became the first nato head to ever address the us congress the invitation extended to him was bipartisan

both democrats and republicans wanted him there today and both parties wanted him to take aim at president donald trump a pep talk to remind the commander in chief that the value of world peace and global order cannot and should not be reduced to a transaction with a price tag nato has been good for europe but nato has also been good for the not good states. the strength of a nation is not only measured by the site the size of its economy ordinal number of its soldiers but but also by the number of its friends and tonight will deny to states has more friends and allies than any of the power this us made the united states stronger safer more secure or.

well we have a complete coverage of today's address by the head of nato joining me from brussels where nato headquarters is located is g.w.s. teri schultz terry is a veteran in nato reporter and she has covered the alliance for two decades now and here in the studio at the big table with me is former german army brigadier general klaus that mr bittman is a nato insider one of the alliances strategic architects back in the nineteenth ninety's to both of you welcome mr didn't let me start with you did the nato secretary general did he do what he was supposed to do today on capitol hill yes i think so he was not to emphasize the divisions and the crises nato has a history of seventy years history of crises but also a success successes and he was to emphasize the uniting elements and he was to emphasize to the american political body politique

the common interest in keeping the transatlantic link together with which is which is. by nato and did you believe him was he credible yes yes because nato is the most. the most successful alliance in history because a it was able to adapt to a totally different and always changing circumstances and secondly it is not just a wall alliance which would break up after the fulfillment of the purpose like a building said farewell to each other all the battlefield of waterloo it's has the prominent tasca to protect its members and. to to end or even prevent was you know that's a very good point. you know all heads were nodding in congress today when mr.

but it's donald trump's mind that was targeted with his speech what's your assessment did he reach the president well partly brant i mean one of the things that stolzenberg is very good at and one of the reasons that his term has just been extended is that he's been able to forge a friendship with donald trump i mean these men are very very different in their backgrounds. stolzenberg comes from a long family of diplomats they're known for their humanitarian interests and yet he has been able to sort of tone down the u.s. president in the spending debate he still burke has actually changed his language to play to the president a little bit and that has made some nato watchers unhappy they think that he's actually too conciliatory given the things that trump has said about nato but i think i think stoltenberg tread that line very well in congress today i have never

seen him give a speech like this and i've been watching virtually every speech that man has given since becoming nato secretary general and even in his drawer we didn't post and i have never seen him give such a good speech some of that's due to the speech writing but he really showed his personality there he was funny and this was really important that he go there and he showed that he was not backing down from some of nato's principles about all for one and one for all no matter what kind of budget you've got but he i don't think he said anything that's going to outrage the president i really think that it is a very fine line but he walked it well. stand by. we're going to talk more about the troubled trump ties to nato but first we have a primer on nato to tell you about its beginnings and how we got to where we are today. we were down proceed to the signing of the north atlantic treaty this

seventy year old nato has faced examinations under harsh light this birthday it does have some concerns for its well being discomfort when something viral is going around occasional spikes in blood pressure should have never been allowed to happen but germany is totally controlled by russia and perhaps some self doubt that when push comes to shove its core is not as strong as it hoped to former u.s. ambassadors to nato research the biggest threat facing the alliances seventy the transatlantic consensus the absence of strong american presidential leadership nato secretary general yen stills and rejects that conclusion it's just not possible to say that the united states look committed to make them because they're not the states is increasing their military contributions to nato he points to the latest example a new plan for the us to forward position heavy war fighting equipment at a police airbase trumps rough treatment of the alliance particularly his incessant

demand that government spend more on defense has unnerved some europeans but this shake up some call it a shakedown by the u.s. president may have some benefits for nato i've never seen so many at a chore it was an american newspapers praising below it's jamie shea spent almost four decades at nato as a spokesman but also an expert in what are called emerging security challenges and while dealing with russia and its hybrid worker tactics still top the list of challenges for nato the now retired shay warns the alliance must look further afield. to be fit for the future because obviously china is the rising power it's already in europe buying up infrastructure influencing the future of all to officially teligent technology it's going to be a massively more important factor in determining twenty first century security to russia or all googly any other country outside nature of the countries inside or shaping future to the next enlargement will be to north macedonia which changed its

name to settle a dispute with greece that earned an almost immediate invitation to join pending the approval of the other twenty nine allies they didn't waste their time they didn't drag their feet and that's remarkable for an organization of twenty nine members so i think that. it's not just our desire to join it's how nato has dealt with the challenge of enlargement that shows that this is a strong forward looking and dynamic organization scope you hopes the alliance will prove this anniversary year that seventy is the new thirty. we all wish that seventy is the new thirty there was an excellent report you bring up also the the rise of china as a threat that will demand attention is that the consensus inside medo remember germany for example is not banning five g.

equipment maker who weighed just yet and that despite warnings from the united states. well here's the thing brant to jamie shea told me and and he would know having just retired a few months ago he says that nato hasn't been paying enough attention to china and he points out that there's a nato russia council there's a partnership with jordan they've just set up a center in the middle east and yet there is no formal partnership with china and where she says that it would be really important to start forming those ties now before there is the potential for an adversarial relationship i mean you're not worrying about. little green men coming over the border with china like you are with russia so he says let's really cemented this relationship and one of the really important things he says is in addition to what you mentioned with the five g. network china has it has an interest has as bought stakes in at least twelve ports in europe so why does that matter because if there were a war nato would need to use these ports and normally national governments who are

allies would give that permission if china is a majority owner maybe even a full owner you can't count on that so this is a big concern for nato and they're behind the ball so yes they very much need to be looking at this if they are going to be looking ahead to future threats and not just dealing with day to day hybrid warfare and fears about russia coming over in zero in and scaring the baltics mr putin how do you see that specially with germany i use germany as the example of not always toeing the official u.s. law and in nato is that is that a good thing or is that dangerous. let me say that the two percent target is not mr trump's invention although he has made this the emphasis of his dealing and within nato but it was decided several times at the highest level in wales

two thousand and fourteen it was up at the end it's a shame the prime market has already been a longstanding nato target and. on the one hand germans are right when they say it is not only cash it is cash capabilities and contributions into any is still the second largest true contributor in nato on the other hand we have subscribed to this goal we have had in the last four years immense. increase and an immense increase in our defense spending so i personally find it totally unnecessary to to put into putu to put into question this goal now in the medium term. finances are strong. and what answer would you give him if he says why can't you meet the two percent germany is a rich country you've got the money why can't you expend the money on defense yes i

would i would say look at the numbers we are doing exactly what was decided in wales that all nations who have not yet attained the two percent will move until two thousand and twenty fall into that direction we are moving in that direction and what i would not do is what the german political do. perhaps saturated on this nest to to put this into question all of that very good point diplomat is hidden there in your military. germany and brylin and the berlin wall they all had starring roles in mr biggs speech today i want you to take a listen to what he said about nato headquarters and the berlin wall at the entrance to the nato headquarters in belgium there are two moments one the piece of the berlin wall this signed to keep people in and out the us out its

fate. it failed. because the ideals and the values old those who built it were less compelling and less powerful than ours you got a standing ovation for that as you said you know you stoltenberg was there comment about the berlin wall was that a dig against donald trump border wall with mexico still timbres a very careful man especially in his public announcement that i don't think that could be seen as any other way and he very much knew his audience at this speech and congress of course does not want to fund the wall another thing that comes from stillbirths past that i'm reminded of at this moment is that after norway was hit by a terrorist attack anders behring breivik killed seventy seven people it stoltenberg as prime minister said we are going to become more open as

a result of this we are going to welcome more people because we are going to show that norway is not like this he didn't go quite that far in this speech today but this is something that very much is part of his attitude that that you you reach out you you react against populism you react against small mindedness by becoming bigger hearted and i think that he very much got that across if you know him at all if you've watched him at all you can definitely see that in that speech today he wanted to build the big tent and he would like president trying to come under that . come into the tent with us mr britain will there be a may do at eighty and what will it look like i am sure it will. be eighty two i look forward to that and i think the following elements. the united states and its present president and i think. quite. convinced of the value of nato for the united states which as

a naval power needs the opposite coast and has so many stakes and i think i see that tactic with mr trump to keep an uncertainty up salit not obsolete and so on to . the the spending the spending discussion at eight till at eighty i think nato will have come to terms with cyber dangerous with hybrid warfare it will indeed have started to look much more closely and seriously at it china let me insert here that in a little book just before the last the strategic concept of two thousand and ten i proposed to have a fourth call function for nato in addition to defense and crisis management and cooperation i would emphasize consultations with this law and that is something for china before we run out of time there me ask you naidoo at eighty

you know ten seconds what will it look like. i think things would have settled down a lot they've never seen anyone like mr trump so no one will ever shock nato like he has again i think that the europeans will settle down they will realize that tweets aren't policy which is something they're always reminding themselves of so i think we'll see a much more settled nato and perhaps a more self-confident one as a result all right so very young terry sold in brussels and former german army brigadier general clouds that man here with me in the studio to both of you thank you. great day for gust and behold as a small nation we always devote pres to our laws. and yes this is driven by our national philosophy of malaysia islamic monarchy. that has existed here for hundreds of years. when the system this system

preserves and guarantees the rights of all people regardless of their race and face and go to the temple among europe was done on medicare. well that was the leader of the southeast asian nation of brunei the laws change there today laws that are now based on a strict interpretation of islam brunei is a tiny country on the island of borneo and it has well as a track to lots of global attention not the good guy and for the new laws in the punishments for offenders the punishments include amputating limbs of convicted thieves and it gets worse game in called having sex could face the death penalty death by stoning lesbians called having sex or face one hundred lashes with a whip the united nations has called these laws direct tony and but the sultan is defending them and as you can imagine there has been global shock and outrage the

actor and activist george clooney he is leveraging his fame and he's calling for a boycott of luxury hotels from the dorchester in london to the beverly hills hotel i mean these are all owned by. royal family its sultan is one of the richest men on earth a multi billionaire who gets his money from the country's gas and oil reserves. and on social media there is outrage along with the new hash tag boycott brunei. now gay times magazine tom knight tweeted people all over the world have condemned these barbaric laws but most world leaders appear to value gas oil luxury hotels and investment portfolios more than they value l g b t q lives and writes there's this from

a local labor party councillor in the u.k. who organized a protest last weekend it's twenty nineteen and we're still having to protest against homophobic laws that belong in the dark ages and an amnesty campaign crisis manager whose work in syria is calling the new law medieval but also part of the growing authoritarianism that we see globally all right let's take this story must have further to talk about it i'm joined now by graham reed from human rights watch in new york he is director of the organization's program it's good to have you on the show these new laws in brunei you know they did not come about overnight we've known about the changes coming for months do do you have any reason to believe that public pressure now will have a different result i mean so far it hasn't changed things. well the first phase of

the law was actually announced in two thousand and sixteen and was being phased in over a period of two years but in fact because of sustained international pressure that was delayed and there was quietly introduced at the end of december last year to go into effect today so i think we see that international pressure has worked in delaying it and now we see an enormous international outcry and that is likely to have an affair it's precisely because of the sultan of brunei has extensive international investment and connections is that as well it's seems to be taking place in isolation in britain i has enormous international repercussions. brunei joins a list of countries saudi arabia iran martini or sudan and yemen. now we've got brunei on the list how do you explain the countries move into you

know the only place we could we can describe it as is a very dark place for people. the rats of the countries are less dole countries that make provision for the day for same sex relations alone but night is extremely broad including stoning for adultery and there is. really archaic and extreme penitents that you have already outlined. it also goes against the trains internationally which is new even towards decriminalisation i think that council that extraordinary international reaction to this to this development it's totally out of tune with the times and it's inexplicable as to why it would be implemented at this point in time and what about the people in brunei i mean if i look at this law i think it makes it easy for people to be entrapped revenge crimes can be

committed because you know you really don't have to prove that people have been have been gauging gay sex how do you prove that so you could really even entrap people it would seem is there any recourse for people in that situation in brunei. you're right that this law is open to abuse they are have high levels of proof that are required in terms of actual conviction and vanishment shari'a however. people who have been living in britain i am in the hope that the. law where be fully implemented in other words that the prior punishments that involved financial even jail would be the punishments that were in place and had heard that these extreme punishments wouldn't be implemented so they've been living in stamford yeah but also some hope and not the messages that we're getting out of

there not real panic that this law is not being fully implemented and individuals are now faced with the prospect of data by stoning now even if this law is never implemented simply by having that on the books is you know instills extreme terror in people and that's the point of but it's really you know fates many people aside from gay people anyone who's convicted adultery for its own well please we will be following this story and you know maybe as you say vilma will not be enforced and acted as it looks like it will be tonight creamery director of human rights watch is g b t program for your insights tonight thank you . well the day is almost over the conversation continues online and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day we'll see you then

everybody. does. appreciate music. a swiss cheese maker is trying it out. his one time receives plenty of loving attention. and he plays music for it as well so can you taste the difference was the idea of

cheesy fun. next on d w. it's like a huge laboratory. experiment. india. a society that's changing fast. progressive ideas. vicious plan. also serious conflict. looking toward the future. credible but. in forty five minutes on doubling. the coal india. how can a country's economy grow harmony its people implement. when there are do workers

look at the bigger picture. india a country that faces the challenge. and people are striving to create a sustainable future. clever projects from europe and. eco india on t.w. . that people are looking for g.w. on facebook and twitter to date and in touch follow us. live. hello and a warm welcome to focus on europe thanks for joining us traces of the holocaust horrors are still being on earth nearly eighty years later well this is especially true in eastern europe where hitler's troops murdered millions of jews.