troops commanded by a warlord to halt their advance on the capital tripoli un chief antonio gutierrez has been trying to avert a renewed civil war between the militia and the u.n. fact governor. you're watching news from berlin coming up next a documentary looking at the rwanda genocide that started twenty five years ago this weekend for now on behalf of the whole team thanks so much for watching. the first economy most of the. doors grandmother arrives. to join your regular team on her journey back to freedom. in our interactive documentary. in

the magazine returns home long t w don't come to tanks. by. a. northerner wanda july fourth two thousand and fifteen. in july nine hundred ninety four troops up there one patriotic front or in could tony seize the capital kigali and put an end to the mass slaughter of the tutsi population. it was the final genocide of the

twentieth century. there one patriotic front is a political and military movement founded in one nine hundred eighty seven. the photogram a has led the r.t.f. since the early one nine hundred ninety s. and has been want as president since two thousand and three. the i have taught in our culture. idiom of we make a distinction between what is good and what is evil i hope you can you point out that no one needs to explain back to us how would a candidate who we don't need anyone to show us the path to dignity we had. to write we know what to do. we fought for that what i would people were killed for that. moment that no

one has the right to condemn us. over just one hundred days between april and july one thousand nine hundred ninety four one of history's most notorious killing machines tore through aranda a million tutsis were exterminated often with the active support of the local population looming. in the in kentucky are at the heart of this complex story of unparalleled violence. that story deserves to be told in full through interviews with some of the major participants. you know. you're. in. different teams and.

unless it is look chris. and know. where the london is. this whole thing up both to. the u.s. . and actually to see chief among those as chiefs. show you what i knew was. the take this is to the. our story begins in the one nine hundred fifty s. at that time rwanda was still governed by belgium. rwanda is one of the smallest countries in africa and is the most densely populated and it's sometimes called the land of a thousand hills. the country's main crops certainly in coffee. three

population groups share the same land language and guards the majority hutu who are farmers the took see who raised cattle and the twelve who were hunter gatherers. belgium decided that all three were ethnic groups and through its support behind the tutsi but with the rise of the african independence movement in the one nine hundred fifty s. the tutsi demanded an end to belgium's rule. the belgians supported by the vatican and the white fathers group of catholic missionaries responded by. building up the political and social strength of the who to do. this was to have immediate and tragic consequences in one nine hundred fifty nine to two launched a violent wave of attacks on the tutsi minority calling it a social revolution. after rwanda gained its independence in one nine hundred sixty two greg walker you wonder

a young hutu was sworn in as president an estimated twenty thousand two teams had been killed in the conflict and one hundred fifty thousand others fled to neighboring countries. some went to the us to. so my family went to. that's where we stayed. for a couple of years. so we grew up with three. comps shifting from one place to another. going to winter if she. had been militants fighting. the government klunder older than me.

and used to hear their stories. talk to one a couple of times through the course i did from. the ground that said from the road from do stories over what is to create is. this earth to do is just it will it still to be these terrorists are based outside the country ten twenty or forty of them across the border at night. but i believe that it will be absolutely impossible for them to overthrow the regime this silly little you to say yes it's what will happen now. to me i'll be put in prison or killed i'm concerned about it i'm sure afraid everyone dies. and then the most to do is to nigeria. in time to fight. most of the time

so you could really. course. fight for. what do you think of the tutsi terrorists. simply tell you it's just a few hot heads because they recruit young people. most of them are bandits. and the bond. fund was president for ten years during that time those tutsi who remained in rwanda suffered widespread repression. and many were deported to the bogus era swamps. in one nine hundred seventy three juvenile hubby gary munna who two from the country's north overthrew kayu bundles regime and. the massacres of tutsis came to an end but they were still subjected to discrimination. and. the

tutsis regrouped in neighboring countries particularly in uganda where many rwandans lived in exile at first their struggle was cultural. and then expanded to include a political and military agenda. in the early one nine hundred eighty s. the taxi exiles won support from the leader of uganda's national resistance movement you wearing was seventy. the truth this movement is a nationalist organization. is a nationalist. in the sense that is fighting for the end of the whole country and not for a section of the country they just don't buy them sort of us who are pretty open open to commit the us. also if you look for easy to know who is one of these and with you going to go there the same people. as if he is the if these are ronnie

joined i mean you got to know this one is. this though a part of the teaching this for the. rwandan tutsis made up one third of these forces one of the top commanders was fred really game. another was paul kagame e who specialized in intelligence operations do. when was seven he was sworn in as uganda's president in one thousand nine hundred six he appointed both men to senior posts. through a game or became deputy minister of defense and kagami took over as head of intelligence. did rwandan president juvenal hobby area man a suspect that during this parade he was watching those who would bring down his government just a few years later. nature seeks most

of us have already been part of the. new. skills. we learned a lot growing. and maturing. but it. so we tried to bring everybody together. and fucking us. the name we do and it's bullshit to cross. through london patriotic front to our p.f. was created in one nine hundred eighty seven it was supported by tutsi exiles and some hutu government opponents like future r.p.s. chairman alexis kanya ringway the organization built up a military force led by fred roux a game. meanwhile tensions were rising in uganda. the military and at least part of the

civilian population became increasingly upset about the presence of large numbers ever wanting to seize. the ability. given us a hospital before the left or to. run deeper than to be treated as they came over us what is that you know you're always going to go on. being despite disgruntled of us why we should be. president was seventy responded to the discontent by ordering a census of tutsi exiles in uganda. deputy defense minister frederick gamers saw this as a threat to the tutsis and decided it was time for them to return home. they kept adding to the. police. will fold she knew going into and

one. but two fold had support of the petition. wanting to do political or i would support you. because i don't want you to be defeated and come back here. and. there was this more. within their one by. one i was within the another group. got to do different that i talk a wonder. and it was a saw we could have decided. we moved us to going and so we just. uniforms the guns being up to the border. you get stronger when we cross the border but we don't move on libyan military groups the military ranks. but stayed with me for.

well yeah no no. no no my girl of no no i'm. not you know i'm i won't come oh yeah i don't know. why you're here stroking the board. first of october it was good it was. forces flourish. in the morning before we'd have to cry just what we were on are surprised to see that in the midst to shit us with the. major general said with your mind. it took a did it. i'm just a minutes after i was he was standing on an exposed he opened. in

front of the enemy dead or through. the enormous short run the bullets run. on the floor he's done. that's the official version. but other reports say he was killed by a deputy commander in an argument over military tactics. for the time being rua gamer's death was kept secret so as not to demoralize the troops or to encourage the enemy. but only. we knew that some of the soldiers had fought for the liberation of uganda . we knew that they had experience they were conventional warfare and guerrilla tactics so these on october first one thousand nine hundred

ninety one we got the order to attack. my comrades who were my age were afraid because we had no experience in battle but. there was a degree of what if the troops were attacked us then mixed with the civilian population of enemy forces attacked the capital so the next day we decided to stage a raid in the area around kigali. in the rwandan capital ten thousand two teens were detained. president tubby yarima appealed for help from friendly states like say year and especially france were ties between king galley and paris had been closed since the one nine hundred eighty. president francois mitterrand felt he had to support france's main ally in east africa. i was in john christophe michel fons office on october fifth. the phone rang. and i

knew right away that hobby ari mana was on the line i mean they talked for four or five minutes. and said well here we go they've gone berserk and could golly thank you before the rebels have reached the capital that wasn't true but that's what how to remount a had told him. to believe it though he said we'll send the guy some troops and it'll all be over in three months. that assessment was a bit premature this is. the force we need to. conclude that it is true. so hard to change their way then went back to. get it out and more. often that enables you to cause. done midge.

but it was still somebody's god i want to. know in one thousand nine hundred could gummy had been studying at a military college in the u.s. but returned to rwanda to leave the r.p.s. troops. his new strategy was to move his forces out of open areas where they were exposed to enemy attack and deploy them in the mouth. homo to god i did so but. i don't know. the god. they. do when you're on your feet you know. they. don't know why you have to buy. this divided by this a little. but. we have because of in this body.

make a choice it's a simple to be dissuaded and to do things the right away and the right stuff. oh you pitch i don't seem to know i know but it's sure to be making a choice to pity. a new such as accounting photo to see. starting with our lives because so many people were killed. because of some industry. deployed in the other. he deployed to get him on his forces because there are a lot of money forces lost initiative and responded to these movements.

the french guilty side under supported. nor was. it i personally had a difference. yeah because that i don't remember that or where the difference but what they had because of who i want to take the financial end of it. i had of them saying. that. you know they were like abusing them of course see there for hours you need to get government and they talk about france they don't need it people are so you know. people in mention the institution is that. it but it is ended and it's not the people. the way under sago mine under say. they used you know no weapons i mean is that a five minute walk terrors one hundred twenty meeting with them of tears.

it's. the most difficult. the ink attorney suffered heavy casualties in the fighting. throughout one nine hundred ninety two there was a succession of battles and ceasefires the rebels seized towns that had been abandoned by terrified residents. gummies troops set up their headquarters at a tea factory in the village of which stands over the hills of northern rwanda. the inca tunney continued to advance at the same time government troops carried out a number of deadly attacks on tutsi civilians the soldiers referred to them derisively as indians or cockroaches.

or the no i don't think the n.z. every turn. they sent their own children to fight here. all of you know that let us exterminate these conscious but what i am i remember what is written in the gospel. if you give the snake your chance to bite it will bite i must drive all of them out to ethiopia now on. february eighth one thousand nine hundred ninety three a date that could have changed the course of history. in response to the first massacre the inca tunney launched a major attack that took them all the way to kick alley president was forced to negotiate. regional media as they say no no no no after school i mean. the french said yes but should they

may consider last wish. the best. so they said ok. decided against securing a quick military victory against the government. but he had definitely proven to the international community that his forces held the upper hand. in the. peace talks began in the tanzanian city of a russia none of the sides involved in the conflict seemed interested in an agreement president javier reman ahead little room to negotiate. the defense ministries chief of staff colonel teo nest bagosora refused to hold talks with the r.p.s. and a powerful group of hutu extremists led by the president's wife worked hard to keep

the tutsis from having a share of political power. came. to negotiate the final details of all puts the government classifies in place. this stuff. didn't want to change anything. what happened was an ugly a shop by a foreigner in us that's what he called us. and had to be still. need to tidy up but he could. so he went to negotiation with the news in the. us all so and he stormed out of the negotiation the russia that's what he told us. is going to. cuddle. up because it's.

the ink attorney scored an impressive diplomatic victory they were assigned fully one half of the officers in rwanda's new army and forty percent of the rest of the troops. and they managed to secure a total of four ministries in the future a national unity government. but a whole. lot of what it. was about was six hundred in qahtani soldiers were sent to the new parliament in kigali to protect the c. politicians. oh my. remained at his headquarters in the n.t. was a people gathered along the road between lindy and gully to cheer the include tony

troops. four months later most of them would be dead i was. so good to see up the book i mean that's the plan was to set up a transitional government. but kept putting it off report because he didn't want to press this is it's just to tell the. president of the yairi munna was no isolated his political options were limited. in the early one nine hundred ninety four the situation created a power vacuum that was soon filled by hutu extremists. the group led by the president's wife and some senior military officers now stepped up their campaign against the two it seems. the president's paramilitary militias

known as the interim way join the campaign. colonel bought five hundred thousand machetes from china and handed them out to the hutus. and the state propaganda machine went into high gear the extremist hutu newspaper congress and especially the radio station mule calling in stirred up and he took the sentiment. they are evil the governments help us to exterminate that are the inca tenney are an evil group the only solution is to exterminate them. the rule. or depot. when he quit we listened to the radio station colleen. and it first week of school because we couldn't believe what they were saying. and put out their broadcasts were done well and they were convincing so you had to

respect them for that. they were real professionals and knew how to send the right messages. but it wasn't until the genocide really started that we realised the role that this radio station was playing city duke says it could you. south of kigali in the swamp lands of the interim way massacred entire families of tutsis. it was the opening round of a campaign of ethnic cleansing that would soon haunt the region. these massacres gradually destroyed the trance that had slowly been established between the rwandan people and the rwandan patriotic front. to back their own for the every morning when the interim holloway drove past us and pickup trucks. we were in the building that housed the national development

council today's parliament they drove through the streets and screamed we will kill you we will kill you and three to create move. in april one nine hundred ninety four president abi ariana flew to tanzania to ratify a peace treaties that would exclude hutu extremists from government. and the brutal brutal and therefore. the coup call for me. so i said why should the president's problem. and a stable situation. who the father of the minister of defense regrets of inform you that the one to be head

of state has died an expected loss of his excellency major general you've been all javier rimando was killed on april sixth one thousand nine hundred ninety four at approximately eight thirty pm the fellow the aircraft in which he was returning from dar es salaam was shot down in circumstances that are still not clear. who had shot down how do you are a man as plain there were several suspects including the radical hutus in the uk has zero group. they had an interest in removing a weak leader who had just sabotaged their political power. and polka gummi who saw the president as an enemy who would likely never implement the terms of the peace treaty. in april

one thousand nine hundred four rwanda descended into political chaos but the government responded remarkably quickly to honiara minister. within minutes of the announcement the presidential guard set up barriers in checkpoints throughout the capital. the meter the physios here they cordoned off everything and then took control everywhere. because we the police no longer had access to important parts of the city you know what. i mean you know the un peacekeeping troops couldn't get through either but. we have the legal right to go where we needed to. but the presidential guards had everything locked down. soldiers had set up anti aircraft batteries. the investigation into the president's death claim that the belgians were responsible

or perhaps the. so so that didn't make any sense. no sense at all. since. at r.p.'s headquarters in melinda james cover a bit a senior advisor to paul. briefed his boss on the situation in the capital. for around left time. people plenty of. people have started. coming to the podium. so much so fast that as soon as. i don't think even if five minutes plus. something was already up and. the next

morning some moderate hutus were murdered. including prime minister a got to. ten belgian soldiers who'd been assigned to protect or were killed. during the families the belgian soldiers are endangered they should stay home the presidential guard has arrived at the airport and they want to argue it's a put down their weapons. they're going to kill them. for soliciting. the radical hutus had sent a clear message to the united nations. at the same time men women and children of all ages whose identity cards identified them as tutsis were tortured and killed at checkpoints. played with members of the interim morning in the presidential guard ran around

killing everyone they could find. their wages i stayed at the presidential palace to take care of people who had fled there take it in the fish you live in with a lot of us. have a kid with a two to three hundred soldiers provided them with food and treated the wounded. will see it if you keep moving the it's the chief in many of them had cuts and other injuries at their shows and give a lot of soldiers were also wounded. of course they're different about the sort of our cold but you sort of see we told him if you continue like this it will never stop as the maze of clear cut the line and that's the last we heard of the fate of quebec that we came. through for those who so it's clear you have got a sort of had a lot of power look you know he was the chief of staff at the defense ministry of

one and control the hutu militias and the presidential guard if you didn't see some officers wanted back was sort of to take power but was. it almost seemed as though they'd been planning for this for a long time. indeed it is a victory but others were against it. if you quote. on april eighth there were a london caretaker government was assembled at the french embassy. the new prime minister was john come monday a banker and technocrat. in the board but we will win the war against the time not i would be because with the support of the people of a number of them. and we will defeat them. about being.

i knew immediately that our force was in danger i'm deluded those who live there we knew. they would be attacked. and this was the demitted for us so the immediate thing they thought of was three fourths of the. to reinforce there now wasn't it when all in the router's i wasn't willing to ask you to allow me to reinforce it because i knew this what was happening was not following in. this quoted your if you got it was when it was recruited it was sure. it's the far end of the army that accounts for them that is stalking them for all. the people this. goes. for so if i was to. look to your question the dead have been lying here but they may not live in and

a lot of children and young people oh yeah it. was. just. the international community intervened to evacuated citizens. this effort inadvertently led to one of the worst massacres in modern history. the tutsi were left to try to defend themselves against hutu attacks. there were scenes of unimaginable barbarity and some of it was captured on video. subjects you'll back this is also the to me we knew that the people with left behind would be killed. if he starts on the trail to help them out on their own and there were situations in which it would have been appropriate for us to ignore our orders pussy or he for example we could have rescued the five thousand people who were hiding at the technical schooling people. or not but it wasn't far from the airport. we could have brought those people to

a shelter there. so we didn't. gave up and lived there so not. only often. they went to. us when we went to plead. to accept. that the government of one. is committing to genocide. that it was a disco. and that time some was in the was which was good. one to me introduced a new subject and would say ok who wants a question. to see you. seem to do puts would get to that puts you two teams of court out of one. security

concern this is both the. muddle and wrote about now distractions from above from the news attentions. and putin assumed connections to . the new one to come to certain sort of do not since has to include forces. like. we have to kill them day off today. we are very committed you know we are doing everything here so that they cannot invade the city of god like a little. japanese to you know have made. food and one day i recorded a ninety minute phone conversation with the mayor of it really. paid attention to he had asked the prefect for help because the in qahtani were approaching his village for the needless accordion was he one of the officials to evacuate the village that the prefect stayed calm and said ok we'll take care of it and it went

on like that then it requires two goats and it one point the mayor said everything else here is fine with what we're doing a good job and i think we've taken care of the problem for the next one hundred years. and i know what i look i want to. tell everyone i could argue that he would have a had a car but i think it was. just three days fighting. the boche was military. fighting the militias and just plain stupid it keating with . little civilians and saving guys men as. it was the us today still has it. so to speak well a kid outnumbered fifty times. told the f.b.i. go by your p.f. think attorney forces were not very large overeaters and belgium center only twelve

thousand five hundred soldiers. were killings everywhere that no army could have stopped it it would have taken three hundred thousand men. ok obviously. i was at an r.p. tiny military camp about four or five kilometers from where. do you feel this would lead you the soldiers said they were going to take me to the site of a massacre. but i remember what one of them said to me at the time it really had an effect on me. he said when i saw all those dead people it felt like my brain was melting. my found that expression interesting people so he just couldn't believe what he had seen people do that they could. be volleys of a plane got in the middle of the first thing i saw about twenty meters from the church was the corpse of a child about two years old. there were three other dead bodies if there was a statue of christ at the church. they had used

a machine gun to shoot his head off and i asked the soldier why and he said because that christ looked like a tutsi. she. walked through all the buildings there were corpses everywhere in every building everywhere you looked. dr was placing good also here in the inner courtyard of the seal the place was full of corpses thirty five thousand of. the ground was littered with dead people. can you start on. your.

center of the conflict zone confronting the powerful the international criminal court as a new enemy in washington the trump of ministration is accused of having no legitimacy and says it once it's done my guest this week here in the hague is chairing a battle sujit who is the president spoke of the i.c.c. something he defend your organization against such powerful opposition conflicts so for thirty minutes on the doubling. of. your link time news from africa to the world join us on facebook at g.w. africa. what's the connection between bread flour and the european union he

knows guilt mountain d.w. correspondent alan baker can stretch this second line with the rules set by the team that talks to no. small thing recipes for success strategy that make a difference. baking bread on d.w. . when the water starts rising people fight for survival money case on a budget anybody buying it when there's a flood of water comes up trying to waste by going to flood. as fast for everyone if. the lack of water is equally dangerous. there's junk you can see people move south so they can plant crops and find food. floods and droughts climate change become the main driver of mass migration you couldn't write

any kind of peace not if you want and probably more. the climate exodus starts. on t w. this is news a lie from berlin the united nations calls on militia troops to halt their advance on the capital of libya the forces are commanded by a warlord who's in a power struggle with the un backed government in tripoli the u.n. chief has been trying to head off a renewed civil war also coming out. in berlin thousands take to the streets to demand more fordable housing a growing population and not enough accommodation being built or driving up rents a tough question.