much of it. surely is from africa. or link to exceptional stories in discussion on the news as easy and while it's a good deputed comes to much for joining us on facebook g.w. for. hello and welcome to tomorrow today we go to you science show. this week we'll be looking at paul's timers disease and the role of them human cells in the brain. contingency plans to prevent stray asteroids from striking nurse. and lucid dreaming where you know you're dreaming while it's happening.

lucid dreams are both amazing and a little weird we feel awake and away or even though you're sleeping research suggests you can even influence the course of a lucid dream and choose to say fly like a bird. or be a star performing on stage to make it happen in your dreams before we examine the latest research let's take a look at what some of you our viewers have to say. on facebook we asked. whether you can remember your dreams and if so what the best one was about. jonathan responded i once went into a house and wanted to write my name on the wall that i looked in the mirror and knew it was only good training. he says he goes travelling in his dreams wherever he likes. it's only

a few meter monsters or dogs that he realizes he's dreaming. another viewer recently wandered among the pyramids in egypt while lying in his bed. when leo when stressed about work he dreams about it but eventually realizes it's just a dream he says he's smarter when he's asleep and always comes up with a solution if he wakes up he writes it down and goes back to sleep. so what do researchers say about lucid dreaming. the laws of nature don't apply either. you can experience bizarre situations. normally you know where that you dreaming but if you are you're experiencing what's known as a lucid dream. statistics suggest around half of us have experienced this phenomenon

where it's actually possible to control the course your dream takes. most interest is a neuroscientist at university medical center in the netherlands he's been pursuing research into lucid dreaming. it's interesting in itself as an unusual phenomenon but it's even more interesting within the context of the functional played by dreaming in general what we want to know is possibly have a biological function and if so to what extent does it have a neuro biological basis and can lucid dreams teach us things about the function of dreams and sleep in general. what happens in the brain during a lucid dream that's what martin tesla wants to find out he's even had a test candidate sleep in an m.r.i. scanner or while connected to an eeg like here. the brain waves he records reveal which parts of the subjects brain are active. lucid dream is able to apply logic

to what's happening unlike people dreaming the conventional way we can see that reflected in the brain's activity especially in the frontal area behind the forehead there we see a lot more activity as though the person were awake and. in a lucid dream you can even practice things. scientists in the german city of heidelberg test candidates to throw coins into a cup initially while awake then one group practiced the same exercise one lucid dreaming the next morning their accuracy had improved noticeably. people who often have nightmares appear more likely to have lucid dreams one study in vienna looking at possible therapies for nightmares found that seventy five percent of its test candidates had learned how to have lucid dreams. that might be because people who regularly have nightmares are usually able to recall their dreams

a key factor in learning how to induce lucid dreaming. it can also be useful as a therapy because those who can learn to control their nightmares no longer need to fear them. the researchers in the netherlands are using modern technology to look for new methods for learning how to induce lucid dreams in a common strategy is to ask yourself several times a day are my awake or dreaming especially when you find yourself in unusual or dreamlike situations eventually your ask yourself this in your dream awake right now or is this a dream one. dreams often incorporate bizarre or illogical elements. if you stare at something in a dream it eventually starts to blur. so if you consciously stare at your hand several times a day eventually you'll start doing it in your dreams too only then your hand will change a clear sign that you're dreaming. martin tesla is now helping others to learn how

to induce lucid dreaming with the help of virtual reality the special glasses make computer simulations look remarkably real. and such a touching like situations don't usually occur in our daily lives but virtual reality allows us to simply create them so our test subjects here are doing ordinary tasks and then suddenly strange things occur and then they ask themselves i'm i awake or am i dreaming. this candidate is currently experiencing a simulated dream she's meant to be sorting out follow this. every time the situation grows strange she asked herself whether she's awake or treating. the test candidates spend forty five minutes in the virtual reality that three times a week. then cut not

a bite are still in the process of collecting data but it looks like the virtual reality training works a little better than conventional training twenty. lucid dreaming is still something of a nice topic and few serious scientific studies have been carried out in the field to date. martin geissler is looking to change that he sees many potential applications for his research. it's still very speculative at the moment but one potential areas schizophrenia patients suffering from schizophrenia often have the problem that they don't realize what mental state they are in and it's possible that lucid dreaming could teach them how to do that and then there are limited states of consciousness where people might be unconscious and unable to communicate normally here research into lucid dreaming could certainly be helpful in establishing and transferring this kind of communication across various states of consciousness. any training method from the netherlands could help more people

gain control of their dreaming. for therapeutic purposes to enjoy having the power to actively shape. what if furious soccer fans popped up in your dreams. the referee gets it wrong a player is fouled tens of thousands are rushed and yells screams and gene years. sider mass displays of anger can be pretty disconcerting but there are reasons for the emotion anger serves the purpose. why do people get angry. psychiatry. specializes in anger. anger sense feedback it indicates that someone has crossed

a line with me we need to hold on to the same motion and use it it has a function it's been a basic emotion throughout thousands of years of human evolution provides us with insights into ourselves. is a primal feeling that can help you understand yourself better it's also a way of fighting back it's a stop. sime and it affects the entire body when you get angry you're a mic till it goes into action it releases stress hormones. your blood pressure rises along with your pulse rate you begin breathing faster and muscles tense up. your face can become flushed and go red your body prepares for a fight. it's

a feeling that manifests early in human development. i get so a few areas. maybe i get louder and louder and then i scream. now i get annoyed and then i get sand. bank is an unpleasant sensation and rage has a bad reputation anyone who grows loud or begins shouting is viewed as out of control however heidi kastner warns you shouldn't try to stifle your anger she's written a book about the emotion and encourages people to stand by their rage. learning many if i don't express my emotions that i can't give other people feedback about my mood and i'm not communicating properly. the others then won't understand how i feel. expressing how angry we are facial expressions often give it away when people get angry they grimace in voluntarily

they often need their brows begin to glower and lift their chin arms. the message is clear i'm spoiling for a fight. but communicating anger to another person requires direct eye contact if an angry person keeps glancing away from us we recognize the anger but don't take it personally. so if you want to communicate anger to someone you should look at die. directly at them and i'm enraged expression also makes me look more physically imposing. it's nearly impossible to hide visual clues that your angry about the emotion also has positive aspects how can you make use of your lanka in the embassy here state by going to printing it by recognizing it and by using it for what it's supposed to be which is an engine of change it's an engine for self reflection for authentic interaction and when necessary for changing circumstances

and. anger an engine for positive change and a source of it in a power. i we also asked you on facebook what makes you angry and how you show it. most here says what makes him mad is not being taken seriously. when fry on gets angry he calls people on the telephone. and scolding the reports that she just weeps. old timers as a kind of dementia the brain stops working properly nerve cells die to abnormal structures appear to be involved plaques and tangles plaque sort of positive better amyloid a protein fragment that builds up in the spaces between nerve cells and disturbs their communication. and healthy neurons tell proteins help stabilize an internal structure called a microtubule a transport path for nutrients and molecules. in all timers tell molecules to

attach from the microtubules they stick together and form threats and then tangles inside the neurons and eventually destroy them. in the battle against better amyloid plaques researchers have identified a possible ally. christine hans from the jim incentive for near and to generate to diseases. is a biochemist who's been researching all scientists for decades one focus of his work is the role of amyloid protein aggregates and how they develop into plaques in the brain. as a feeder for. many studies indicate that we're all as extremely high risk of developing alzheimer's. risk rises dramatically with age. that me answer since society as a whole is aging we have to reckon with rising numbers of patients and that's exactly what we're seeing little. so what if the brain could be cleared of plaque

before it damages and kills nerve cells. there are special immune cells in the brain called micro gear that hunt down and destroy whatever does not belong there and could do it hum. bacteria for example or damaged or dead neurons. find something out of kilter they respond immediately. they're activated migrate towards the offender and devour it. for the most part microbe liers cells provide the brain with excellent protection but do they also consume and destroy plaques. christiane hearts and samir of paris car set out to answer that question. they have noted that certain patients ones with defective micro clear cells develop a particularly aggressive form of alzheimer's at an early age. is there

a connection. at the center for neuropathology at look vic maximillian university in munich paris carr heads to a diagnostic lab to collect samples of brain tissue from two patients. the first comes from a patient who was still in the early stages of the disease when the microbe leo was still active. but were they destroying plaques. the second sample comes from a patient who had the aggressive form of alzheimer's here the micro clio were defective. the researchers suspect the patient's defective immune cells had not been devouring plucks. smear a periscope stains the samples the micro clear and plaques show up in different colors. so what do you do when they've been activated. the plaques are red. brown many of them are right on top of the plaque.

as you can see there are lots of my. colleagues especially the bigger fox but also the smaller ones so my quickly i do consume plaques to rid the brain of them at least at first. it's been shown that healthy likely attack plaques five years before any symptoms of alzheimer's are noted in a patient with defective like hardly a cells it's a different story on the left the sample with normal my correctly a cells they attack the plaques on the right the sample with defective might have leah hardly any of them attack the plaques. nuclear micro glia look like they're dying because there are a few of them here and throughout the brain not just around the plaques than in a standard case about simers. this result is the basis for the teams further research. reward to nickel clearly we want to activate micro glia and devise a trick that makes the march over to the plaques and start to devour them we would

also of course want to do that in alzheimer patients who don't have defective micro players but normal ones could perhaps help those patients to by boosting their response. but my crudely a must not remain active all the time because that damages them so hard and his team need to get the mean cells to rest when necessary and only attack at the right time in the right place. resurgence of all simers and other forms of dementia is a matter of some urgency for the sake of each patient but also because the number of patients is set to sue world world wide as populations grow and grow older. if our plan is read right ah but only if they. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show or send you

a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. today's question is from monica drove her in canada. how does the mean influence weather here on earth. mushroom hunters claim that after a moonlit night you're more likely to find extra healthy specimens ones that are largely free of worms. conventional wisdom says that's because clear nights with a full moon are cooler than others which is generally true but it's not the moon that's responsible for the lower temperatures it's the lack of clouds that would have helped retain the heat absorbed by the planet during the day. when the sky is clear to skates more easily from the lower atmosphere leaving it colder on the ground. but the moon does have an effect on weather albeit indirectly

it's the moon's gravitational pull that causes time and there have been flow moves large quantities of water which act as a heat buffer and therefore influences weather patterns and it's estimated that without the tides our planet would rotate three times faster that would have drastic results turbulence in the atmosphere would increase enormously creating hurricanes with winds up to five hundred kilometers an hour and huge destructive power. temperatures in the summertime would be as high as sixty degrees celsius in winters the thermometer would plummet to minus fifty. and the moon not only breaks the earth's rotation it also stabilizes its orbital axis ensuring a relatively constant tilt with respect to the sun and stable long term weather patterns on our blue planet that's why there's little seasonal variation of the

equator the sun is strong there all year long and there are regular showers making the tropics a paradise for many living organisms. the earth's poles by contrast up places have long dark winters with temperatures hostile it's a life. so without our moon the earth would start to wobble and that would not only affect local weather all over the planet but climate on a global scale as well that wouldn't only pose a threat to plant life but all life on earth. so what a good thing we have it our moon. to leave a comment or ask a question just drop us a line on social media. hundreds of thousands of asteroids and comets are zipping through space there are trajectories

can be hard to compute sometimes they bump into each other and the collision can cause them to move and unexpected directions tiny celestial objects are always heading our way but sometimes a big one does too and that's a dangerous situation. there a danger lurking in space asteroids are chunks of rock that orbit the sun at incredible speed and if a big one strikes the earth the result is disaster. scientists say that's exactly what happened to millions of years ago it disrupted the global climate and helps kill off the dinosaurs. if another asteroid were headed our way what could we do. shield aims to create a line of defense its head alan harris says the first step is to identify the threat to visit those urges interfere we know where they are or how did we can say

with certainty that for the next couple of hundred years nothing very big is going to head towards us. smaller objects are much more common we can expect to see one that's about twenty meters in diameter. every hundred years or so. are all the fair . in february twenty third teen a small asteroid about seventeen meters across exploded above the russian city of chelyabinsk the shockwave damaged buildings and blew out windows hundreds of people were injured most by broken glass it came out of the blue with a bright flash and allowed sonic boom. a network of telescopes monitors the skies at all times it's hard to pick out some of the smaller objects even so astronomers discover on average four new asteroids every day twelve thousand objects are thought to be potentially catastrophic and so scientists are working on

ways to prevent them from hitting earth. the first is to deploy gravity tracked is a spacecraft hovers near an asteroid i'm allies on the gravitational attraction between them to slightly change the asteroids course away from earth the more massive the spacecraft the more effective it is. going now emits a very precise method of what we know where the asteroid is since the gravitational attraction between asteroid and spacecraft is very weak it can only shift its course by a very tiny amount so we'd need a lot of advanced warning to change its direction enough ten or twenty years once the charter. plan b. would apply if there isn't enough time for that this mitigation method deploys kinetic impactors. a projectile slams into the asteroid at very high speed the european space agency and nasa planning a first test next year two spacecraft will be sent to the asteroid didn't moss and

its tiny moon the moon one craft will observe and send a lander to take samples from. the other will be sent crashing into did he mean. it's like a game of cosmic billiards. neo shield scientists are trying to model how much did he noone will change course as a result. the ends tomorrow instituting freiburg germany is simulating taking aim at asteroids with a space gun this incredibly fast accelerator is used to fire tiny on a million projectiles a different kinds of rock at speeds approaching ten kilometers a second. the force of impact is nearly doubled as material from the asteroid surface flies in the opposite direction it's called momentum and handsome and. have here momentum transfer through the impact of the projectile

and also through the material that's expelled and moving in the opposite direction to the impact. was switched on the net effect is to enhance the forward momentum. as in a jet engine with mass propelled to the rear and forward acceleration this morning on the field but that's only really effective against smaller asteroids that are dense and solid and not crumbly and poorest rock piles. then best the third method blast deflectors. the line say it also sort of a very big object we're heading here and we only noticed rather late we'd have to resort to our last line of defense and detonate a nuclear device. to fall out my lot in the worst case that could have a scatter shot effect breaking up the body into smaller pieces which would rain down on earth and could have very serious consequences you. can feel. but

with no immediate dangers in sight neo shield has time to build up cosmic defenses . we blink around eight hundred times an hour but when our eyes close for those brief moments we don't see black how do our brains do that more on this and other fascinating topics next time on tomorrow today. take care of by. a clue.

the bauhaus turns one hundred. one hundred years of modern in stark a temperature of. one hundred years for functionalism n.p.r. isn't. what's behind the legend. we asked the experts about. thirty minutes on w. . how

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most city in ruins maro a. symbol of a long conflict in the philippines. between the muslim and the christian population . last finance fighters occupied the city's central coast seventeen president to tertius response was told. by editors will never again book full of the. the reconquest turned into tragedy. this is not the kind of freedom that we want. how did know how would you become a keep way to islamist terror until now you see so many more sitting as the end result of an exclusive report from a destroyed city. philippines in the sun. starts april eleventh on t w.

this is deja news live from. a last minute campaign promise from israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu says he'll annex west bank settlements if voters return him to office on tuesday right now he's running neck and neck with former army chief of staff benny gantz could the surprise pledge put him ahead also coming up. bro wanda remembers a genocide and honors its victims it's a quarter century since nearly a million tutsis in moderate.