the lack of water is equally dangerous. there's no good your sleep will move south so they can plant crops and find food stamps. floods and droughts will climate change become the main driver for mass migration you can write any about going to the snout if you want and probably more than your country. the climate exodus starts here for thirty years on t w. one of the forest over when you think about it. the crucifixion was incredibly sadistic. and here you see the body covered

with blood and wounded the fingers clenched the hands pierced by nails. the skids the face still bearing the marks of the final death throes of the agony aunt shell blood everywhere and it is but. you see how the other figures it's the people standing under the cross all repelled by this violence they seem utterly crushed by it a hole in the arm condones our. jonathan for a long fingered john the baptist is pointing to this agony to the horror of this scene in or its ramifications and violence after. the death and resurrection of jesus christ are the central tenets of the christian faith. for two thousand years the symbol of the cross has pointed to this religious mystery. you see it everywhere in. the christian world.

it is displayed on graves it is a trademark and an ornament. it crowns the highest mountains. yet people have always viewed the cross with revulsion and as a contradiction for the crucifixion combines two seemingly irreconcilable entities cruelty and are yearning for the divine. i associate grace thanksgiving and or with the cross and. of course you know if you're not if you're going to have ambivalent feelings as i was there's i'm not religious so it doesn't speak to me as strict charge people thought i know the meaning of the cross but i just view it as somebody poured their good for me to the

main issue for me was how to take the truth distinction and my intention is simply to make this subject accessible to none of us really know what it's like and all what it isn't like east or the mission is dismissed me i didn't. want to give the bits you guys wet as our relationship to the cross but again. it's where i grew up in the so-called christian west everybody relates to it that's how we grow up i hope it's you and it's who's with him and so small forks and. it's strong and grows up tied my subject of the cross forms a large part of my artistic work but i definitely don't want to make a cross simply as a piece of decoration as they go to you i want to use my art to explore who and what we are human i see inside of of you know. with me dimension.

i am an began my is a sculptor who lives in bavaria in southern germany the crucifixion and the cross are central themes in his work. for a new cemetery in munich he has created a crucifixion sculpture that departs from tradition. bigamous intention was to give his cross something he thinks traditional depictions have lost the mystery. because his sculpture cross in the void. has been david coleman i had the idea of making this crossing unsubstantial as a space move the question was how will this. reform square oak trunks set up in a square with an empty space between them so the cross emerges in outline.

but in the end where do you stand inside it you're standing in this space this unsubstantial cross lloyds and when i look up you see the cross in people's clothes . the cross in the void because this maze isn't limited only it stretches in every direction that's very existential like our earthly existence. the significance of the cross for christianity began two thousand years ago in jerusalem. here jesus of nazareth called the christ and the son of god by his followers was executed like a common criminal. steadfast in his belief in god's kingdom on earth he was mocked

and crucified as king of the jews. his disciples fled in confusion. then we are told he rose from the dead and appeared to them. reports of this extraordinary event marked the beginning afghanistan and. the encounter inspired his disciples to go out into the world and spread his message. the german theologian peter schultz has studied the symbol of the cross and its message. first is this. what's in possibly the most fascinating thing about the cross and that is that it challenges us to see the most holy the most divine being that one can imagine the creator of heaven and earth suffering and tortured and

dying on the cross. as a sort of i was for even today it's a mystery as to how it could have happened that there were people who saw god in this shocking execution seems. i do guess this is a retard they interpreted jesus's death as a reconciliation between god and the world the first modern os of fiction can be seen in the context of sacrifice an idea we're familiar with in classical antiquity an offering is made to appease god saw it really felt. this is my body which is given for you for the forgiveness of sins these words were reportedly spoken by jesus on the eve of his execution. gradually the idea grew that his death was a cosmic event and that jesus was not simply a man of great wisdom and goodness but god himself. by sharing the life. of humans

even to the point of dying and then rising from the dead he reversed our fate opening the door to life after death. squads for intercourse live in water across was always at the center of the christian message was when you see this in the earliest new testament texts but the visual symbol hardly appears for several centuries whose one of the earliest of pictures of a crucifixion that we know of is a drawing in rome a sort of mocking cartoon of a donkey on a cross court start of the oldest surviving to picture of jesus as crucifixion is on the door of the church of st sabina on the oven time hill in rome kids from the fifth century. and so there seems to have been some reticence about depicting the cross in the early church courts as christians in the first centuries seem to have had a problem accepting this symbol of defeat execution and suffering to represent their faith and their god. you're young and forgot.

the conversion of the roman emperor constantine marked a turning point legend has it that constantine had a vision on the eve of battle in the year three hundred twelve he saw the cross and the words in this sign conquer. he had crosses painted on his soldiers shields and he won that decisive battle the emperor converted and declared christianity the state religion. from that point on the cross lost its associations with the shameful death it spread across the roman empire first in the form of a monogram combining in the first two letters of the greek word christophe's keith and row. over the centuries it was increasingly figured as across. in these early depictions the crucified jesus is shown as christians of that era wish to see him already victorious over life and. living and triumphant.

yes i know if the estimates are free this stone looks very simple at first sight or the cross has arms of equal length and a bar but it's from the seventh century the during the mer of engine dinnerstein the graves of priests and high ranking officials were marked with stones like this lees. as a dentist arkell significance is that they indicate christian graves or this because remember they were still heathens in the seventh century those who got high haps the deceased or their relatives hoped or wished to mark the graves so that none would be forgotten on the day of judgement on top of houston which is kind of a guess and. originally the symbol of an agonizing and shameful death the cross became a sign of hope and redemption what christians call the mystery of faith.

from this point on christians have looked for ways of expressing this faith. they have looked to artists to give visual forms to this provocative mystery and to communicate a belief that elites reason. either about the next i lost sight of this work doesn't look at all like a crucifix at us it was a but i would say use of the voice was focusing here in one nine hundred seventy one on aspects of death and resurrection which the cross represents you here in spirit give it up. a simple wooden crate. an ammunition crate from the second world war its contents represented.

above the great the dead trunk of a spear. the trunk of a christmas tree as a symbol of christ's birth. nailed to the crate a twisted crucifix a depiction of the crucified christ. and finally on the tree a small sculpture. a miner's lamp as boys call the sculpture of a light source. make up the stars and cough with i believe it is a universe of ideas around the question of the cross if there's an hauf is it a sign of hope or is it a symbol of death it is a minute here in this to and fro we as of us

a challenge to form our own opinion to adopt our own position. and i think again now in bend i think that in this way it connects us with a long tradition of the cross as a christian symbol. where confronted with the question what do we want quite simply life or death. leave order toward. i. i. i am one beagle maya began his artistic career as a wood carver training at the famous open a muggle school in southern germany where he's now a teacher. the over i'm a gal crucifixes bearing the traditional medieval corpus a world famous. as a positive i know i attended the school myself more than forty years ago it was a formative experience and still is it's this is the students here are all

individualists and all that it is mostly technical skill that tortilla the handicraft was here for me is they learn how to copy a historical sculpture in this case a figure of christ in exact detail this is exact it's appropriate and. i. a town full of crucifixes over a mcgough in the bavarian alps. the tradition of wood carving here goes back five hundred hears. but religious wood carving is a dying profession. a crucifix in the home common in germany until quite recently is a rarity now. nowadays people who seek spirituality tend to search somewhere else. but. for many that means nature. mountaintops have always figured as places of

spirituality in ancient myths and even biblical stories. places where you can encounter god and through god yourself. christians are no exception and have planted their cross on the peaks. people who climb mountains often describe experiences they can't find elsewhere. perhaps because the wide vistas make them aware of their own weakness and imperfections. and. that's the nature does have a special spirituality or it has its own spirit. guys that are feared but this aura

of holiness is closely related to what religions associate with the divine and the holy writ in place and in hiding for being. in eight hundred ten the german romantic artist pass by david flint hayes painted mourning in the lease and to be out there at the time people argued about whether the cross was appropriately displayed. but the artist stood at the vanguard of a new movement. more down the cords of stuff the law modern depictions of the cross usually play with the idea of disappearance with distance with a transitory in the historical cross on gaza appears to be sinking further and further into the fog of history it's infinitely far away to give you the only way left open to us to keep it in the present is not the historical reconstruction of

events that occurred two thousand years ago but to grasp it inwardly you know if you're a fossil. what for me could the symbolism of the cross adopt now. pam and beagle myers gilded wooden sculpture evolved from the idea of folding a blank sheet of paper. and folding the paper he created across. god's isn't people have been making crosses for more than two thousand years so it's very difficult to come up with a new version of a new perspective a new way of depicting the cross. pastor knows where to find it.

has little interest in art as an an with flecked of active piety he's more interested in the conflict between art and faith. the mission of the suv in both of us i always like to try something new the reason i like this piece of wood is that it gives me a structure. a subject of a cross isn't limited to the material it scatters visually it radiates insists on the op dish get this done saw that's the idea is that it's always a lot however i only know if it works after i've done it i first have to try it or . recent do it just minutes before top was abolished libyan. cologne cathedral. in one of the side chapels a sculpture produced in the year nine hundred seventy. this is the carol cross the

oldest extant crucifix that no longer shows christ in a triumphant hair out posture but in his wounded humanity tortured and already dead . it was a watershed in the art of depicting the chris of fiction. around the turn of the first millennium a new school of theology involved emphasizing a more human redeemer one who had truly suffered. artists began portraying christ's death on the cross in corrie detail the welts of his lashing his dislocated limbs. the suffering of jesus was interpreted as a declaration of god's love for the world a love that never abandons but shares in the experiences of people even the experiences of suffering and death.

i'm overwhelmed this is an ivory cross from around eleven sixty becomes a period in which artists could show christ either alive or dead it's hard to read because this is i'm still living christ is the more original the older version inherited from the early middle ages and helpful he's a ruler who stands on the cross of another development to place around the turn of the millennium portraying the suffering christ coastal side toward him the emphasis was no longer on the roulette but on the suffering human dimension luke the mishal this crucifix is a mixture of the two the body isn't really hanging on the cross it's still standing what it was there was less life in it and when. but the eyes are closed in death.

one comes if you see that the feet are rather smooth as opposed to food as one that suggests that they were often touched and. possibly kids. it's clearly an object that was venerated over a long period one that people prayed in front of. how can the historical golgotha event ever be depicted adequately how can we capture it in the present. even the attempt to do so has had its religious critics. a catechism written by a dutch jesuit in sixteen zero six describes important aspects of the christian life in one hundred chapters. it ends with an engraving bearing the caption views of the origin of faith. first lists like the inner basin craving is a very odd version of the scene on god. it shows christ carrying his cross and

visibly suffering surrounded by a throng of painters sitting in front of the easels and obviously trying to capture the scene on canvas you know however if you look closely you'll see that none of them is really able to do this with this building there's a completely different scene on each canvas and some of them are absurd and was of . the painters are only portraying their own view of the event the engraving suggests that every fish will representation of christ says more about the artist than their subject when curtis lies to interview could perhaps interpret it as saying the real meaning of a scene cannot be visualized by the painters are obviously painting something else just as every attempt to explain the process and its meaning to articulated or to be painted on a mental canvas is doomed to fail putting so article young let's try to most.

does the cross symbolize hope doesn't provide assurance or give rise to doubt. for the faithful. also represents the mystery of what happened after jesus's death. without the resurrection it would not have become such a powerful symbol of christianity. one of how many beagle meyer sculptures portrays both death and resurrection. during the christian holy week and easter it's on display at a village church in bavaria big concert resurrection cross. i wanted to portray the cross or the resurrection cross floating in the air not

touching the ground it's unsubstantial and the body is no longer hanging on it it well the first mistake is hot and coping with this. easter the feast of the resurrection is inextricably linked with good friday the day jesus died. the story of jesus doesn't end with his death on the cross it begins anew with life with resurrection is plover the plea for illusions good arkadelphia of the profound meaning of the resurrection of jesus or is one of redemption and of the death and dying have no more power over us here in the end toward fall into the message and purpose of jesus his life and preaching is that god is close to us especially when we feel that he's absent. dimension not just. in this on the sound for. cinda angst at all since our fears do not have the final

word that is the mystery behind across chords. people have been trying to understand this mystery for two thousand years cam and they go miles contribution is across made of craft like those in which jesus is crucified body was wrapped william start of does this team of the clothes flow to me yet be the folds and the directions in which they're pointing are like the rays of light clothes don't normally fall like this because i was three but you can sense the body between them as if the body was still there but it isn't there as you've in the can the same way the cross also isn't there anymore only the clothes are there to signify the person humanity the cross resurrection god's oversteer.

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