buddhist new year's celebrations of kicked off and in some southeast asian cities that means epic street battles using water thailand's capital bangkok running water fights with vocals and to risk dousing anyone in sight and in the streets of myanmar's biggest city gone even policemen of suv they got to put up with a good soaking too there is a reason for all this good natured fun splashing water symbolizes washing away the sins of the old man. watching the news from berlin more the top the hour thanks for joining us. i. hear what's coming up for the book honestly you have plenty to talk about here on the w. now it is tough to take a look at what all that means for the table of course. the bundesliga every

weekend here on t.w. . you know. you had. here. for one hundred days between april and july in one nine hundred ninety four rwanda was ravaged by one of the most intensive campaigns of mass murder in history radical hutus killed an estimated one million people to seize and moderate hutus with the backing of a significant section of the population. today becky when i walked through all the buildings there were bodies everywhere in every single building a wall person could peer in the courtyard as well you know there were bodies everywhere you looked. some thirty five thousand dead people the ground was

littered with bodies. or do i just didn't see shit pathetically travel meaning to come on my duty before . my day i said about we have a bit of a shit about both of us we can reach a number of a but is a very small reached up ma's the no i was about it was a working in which he's got a plan to put it to shit called how i'm running what i'm going to. want to share with us she behaved as the one of the four i don't know it and your idea was a put up for the who kind of opening up for if i do a question you have to move them with him or his offer you are. work i was afraid you would do it what we are going to do is exactly the that he would have been on the run they must the heads and misled could have said messias i see. a lot. but i'm still not a good solution to my lot there i wish i did not apply to watch i should not have

to. see so many men to develop a coffee. on the first day the interim way arrived a lot of residents hutus and tutsis were gathered on the market square they initially assumed the intruders were ordinary bandits and tried to defend themselves but they didn't stand a chance the villagers hutus and tutsis alike were forced to strip and lie on the ground in the sun it was eleven am on april fifteenth one thousand nine hundred four and at eleven am in rwanda the sun beats down mercilessly. at three pm the interim way ordered the hutus to get up and then handed them spears machetes and clubs there to see neighbors were not to get up ever. panic broke out around and outside the village most of the tutsis fled into the church believing they would be safe there but this would not be the case

a precious few managed to escape this man was one of them with a spear having pierced his chest he fled on foot twenty five kilometers to neighboring tends. to to bring a suit to the people who read it was the worst genocide ever seen all genocides are cruel but imagine that in rwanda there were even people who paid to be killed with a gunshot the methods used by the murderers were appalling. to cut off people's arms and heads and just leave the bodies there to be fitted off or killed children by throwing them against walls were should proceed with added atrocious things we counted fifty six different methods of killing with good play. as the rwandan patriotic front or in katon you continue to events didn't need police he tried to organize

a semblance of administration gerry and see the first thing that hit me when i arrived was the stench it was awful. so. this is going to approach it then i went inside the buildings. and every one of the laws were covered in blood. it was really distressing yes. fifty thousand to its use were slaughtered in. the two massacres in the year and then would together account for an eighth of the total death toll from the initial genocidal rampage by the start of may two thirds of that total were already did.

it for me as i walked through the streets of. that someone told me that there were still children in the village who nobody was taking care of every product out there . all the buildings here were empty. i asked that they be taken to the school and there i sang songs with them. the r.p.s. advanced pushing back the government troops meanwhile the interim way continued their spree of death and destruction killing any to tease who had survived or escaped the initial carnage. dummy's soldiers roam the villages over the dead bodies of to seize and killing any moderate hutus who crossed their path. in. the battle for kigali on may twenty first was devastating for both the town you and the government troops called may decided to have his troops advance gradually in stages and he wanted to minimize casualties among his men who he would need to

rebuild the country after the war rather than sacrifice them in one of the final battles of a conflict where the outcome was already clear. the. time you took one town after another in early june one thousand nine hundred four they overthrew the government which then fled to. the west of the country close to the border with year. friends had to acknowledge that its side in the conflict was losing on june eighteenth one nine hundred ninety four president francois mitterrand issued orders to launch. as a humanitarian measure time is running out he explained at a point in time where seventy five percent of the tutsis were already dead what were france's true intentions in rwanda where the in katon you were on the verge of taking control. the french intention

was to deny. it to. me you too must. listen because. if they had been. was that the film. you have fear the time you were making threatening statements saying they would push the french back out of the country but it was very unsettling you're going to have to the french had been assigned the u.n. mandate the immediately established contact with kagami be a political channels but it was right at the beginning of the operation he was informed that france did not intend to reconquer rwanda or oppose him or of the r.p.m. so it was really i. don't think we're i'm sure some of the french soldiers had served in rwanda a number of years earlier and now they were back in the same country except this

time they had to assume a very different stance that they had to be impartial. impartial in the face of an ongoing genocide france's neutrality was repeatedly called into question by the external observers and later even by some french officers. when the captain told me we have orders to stop the r.p.s. via an ambush in the woods of new york way. more detail at six am when the helicopters were just taking off. a commanding officer came over crossed his arms and shouted stop stop stop it equipped helicopters that were already taking off had to land again the truth is philippine we were really annoyed because we prepared for the mission and of course everyone was feeling tense. but what

i jumped off the helicopter went up to the officer and asked him what was going on . i wanted to know who the orders had come from walking side. he explained to me calmly it was six am on july first. that the operation had been aborted but they'd reached an agreement with the p.f. and france would be setting up a safe humanitarian zone. in paris an opinion was very much divided not only among the military chiefs of staff but also with the political level the council of senior cabinet ministers was split into two camps one headed by the president spokesman joining and foreign minister and pay and supported by hardliners from the army wanted to stop me. the other camp including prime minister edward doer and defense minister francois

leotard were more hesitant preferring a purely humanitarian operation certainly some of the elements of the military wanted war and there were some within the chirac camp a back them because of the damage they knew it would cause prime minister bought to do you know. edward balladeer ended up secretly dispatching two emissaries to rwanda to talk to polka gummi writer john christopher a fan and historians your opinion only got a little dollar because we were sent to reason with kagami we said there are a couple of mad men in france who would like to fight against you and your side also had a few mad men who would be willing to fight the french so let's be reasonable and afford that if this room that's a meeting also saw the drawing up of the safe humanitarian zone then tensions between paris and konami were calmed at least temporarily nevertheless the incra

tiny refused to accept friends preventing them from winning the war they eventually resorted to action that has remained largely hidden from the public in mid july a few days before that final victory that you could turn you captured twenty three french troops attempting to cross their lines. twenty three. troops kupchak. we used to almost two but again it was a lake look this is our country and little to do whether you want it. so if you believe that we would go there anyway because this is a territory. roper overlit. and. it's not. just a crew want to write. chris. so there was that and it doubted it to later on

a reserve is approved. mistakes and follies always come with a high price and france was guilty of a whole range of followers motivated by a desire for french dominance in africa. from the point of view of france their position was threatened by anglo-saxon imperialism they claim the r.p.o. for being backed by elements and british dominated uganda the british didn't give a damn about the r.p.o. is obvious also tickled little old with beer. after taking kigali on july fourth two weeks later the inca time you had gained control of the entire country with just over twelve thousand soldiers. at the time thirty six now had the responsibility of dealing with the consequences of an unprecedented wave of slaughter and destruction. the shocking toll after one hundred days up to a million tutsis murdered and a quarter of a million women raped where two million moderate hutus were forcibly relocated to

the border with so year to be exploited as human shields for the extremists. it was their smearing it was just a. little thing was it. even those who are we see and it is sees us. as if we. see her as noise when where to start for. the hopes that from somewhere else that we needed in this country wouldn't. it just get. kaddish. rwanda was desolated there was no gasoline no electricity no bank notes the tutsis who had escaped the genocide gradually

started to return from exile to their country a country they would no longer recognize a country still littered with human corpses. survivors found homes in the now abandoned and destroyed buildings. the new government of national unity tried to exhibit the trappings of normality gummi was named defense minister and vice president past year busy a moderate who two who had aligned himself with the r.p.s. was appointed president but the real power as everyone knew lay in the hands of the victorious military chief pollack a gummi. the other. had a lot of responsibility we had to do it all over the country there was no produce noise around that it would do nothing the most difference. for the nothing so better it was in the tribal almost it would be. so. in the remote areas of the concrete west of killing people. so the other people was also responsible to

stop of that so it so they could then appeal was. the first. on the. of the locked. in could tell you struggled to impose discipline starting within their own ranks r.p.s. officers were committing atrocities against civilians well armed soldiers avenge their families a number of officers appeared to lose all restraint emits the deadly chaos. tried to put a stop to the cycle of retaliation having several hundred of his own men imprisoned and some executed as a deterrent. to gummi was now deploying a dubious and double edged political instrument a reign of terror. one question remains to this day whither he had a choice. to sit very

complicated. you see there is nothing that is meant to be absolute. and then you inevitably knew even though we. such a strong sense of. something's up in and they up and we are human beings. to the invitations. on april twenty second one thousand nine hundred ninety five interim way forces who had infiltrated the last existing displaced persons camp on rwandan territory attacked in katon you soldiers right under the eyes of un troops the encroach on your response was swift and devastating four thousand people in the camp were killed many of them trampled to death in the resulting mass panic.

so there was reputed pressure from the government in kigali to dissolve the camp and have the people returned to their homes and religious proceedings with them. and the result was this terrible massacre. i think this was a combination of two factors. spontaneous outbreaks of violence which are comprehensible in this kind of situation. and a strategy of terror after such an orgy of violence there will inevitably be people settling scores such as soldiers taking personal revenge for their murdered families to. into further soup but i traveled with president khatami through various european countries to make our message clear people were still being killed in rwanda and the perpetrators were able to return unhindered to congo and what was europe doing nothing just the same old hot air and unrealistic promises. and they knew they were. i was taking

a look. you have comps across in the cold you have weapons where on mouth. duty to me if you do you come study these. when you take human teddy in assistance to these cops you have been if you team is in militias and. groups that has suggested it ok to the cross the border. in those details will begin. mobile to please. either disarm this riffle. and also remove them from the border no it would be to do nothing so when you commit a come see me as if. i don't have a problem with the mobile to my city. so do you know it and if you but i know

somebody was with her for room with a moved. this is. what's been told them in. their own days even a couple of would become a vital ally of paul konami as head of the alliance of democratic forces for the liberation of congo or a d.f.l. . gummi himself took a backseat leaving the fighting to his right hand man lieutenant colonel james covering. my first meeting with the night is that it. was just here. in this image that it came close to me on hollow how the photo was against will boot in the sixties together with the truth of what i had to hide under the hood of books to do what i did a fool i saw this is that right i'm on your way in the sea then he the ugandan president provided park a dummy with diplomatic support and arms. he had the u.s. on his side while the french backed the leader in dictator of zaher mobutu sissoko

it was the beginning of the first congo war starting with the dismantling of the hutu refugee camps it is in. when the in cotati attacked they left a corridor open in the town of goma providing access to the rwandan border. and a full two days to. open the border enabling those refugees who had the opportunity to enter. a view. he saw some of the soldiers also returned to rwanda. but the majority of them withdrew into the interior of the congo to cool. the refugee camps were shut down after two years in exile almost ninety percent of the displaced hutus in congo then still there returned to rwanda.

no country tolerate being attacked from its own borders and every leader would probably have reacted the way koga me did there was a real and genuine threat could have been us it's everywhere. all suit the closure of the refugee camps was followed by the large waves of returning refugees moving westward field beginning in one thousand nine hundred ninety six. there were retaliatory attacks and acts of revenge and a new series of massacres over the stock does it keep. the red cross and the u.n.h.c.r. had teams stationed on the ground. for us to see the committer going refugees who came to them and sort of their needs to. prove. the force but they also had to dig mass graves through the dead. it's all through to. well this new humanitarian disaster continued to unfold the troops under the command of lower

own dizzier a cut and james cover a big continued their advance into zaire just six months later they had arrived at the capital kinshasa the genesee dear those who had perpetrated the mass murder in rwanda were being pushed back or killed in some cases using civilians as human shields. to do all good you know what the old east is that it is there you again you can look at this machine to ensure sake don't be. just salty the fossil took the fifth pacific and we left the city not only thoughtful member love for them after this series awful things to be all really good all y'all first see if the only things that fit the myth that not only tell you we're. not but do you speak. the capture of kinshasa by lieutenant colonel james cup every day marked the end of mobutu thirty year

dictatorship the new president would as had been agreed the long disarray. but a new disaster was soon to strike. zir now renamed the democratic republic of congo lay in ruins but was still full of material temptations in less than a year renewed tensions saw the political situation deteriorate. accuse the inca tanya of enriching themselves from the country's resources and made ominous threats toward the tutsis living in the d.r. see. james cover a bay return to rwanda where the final battles were being fought in early one nine hundred ninety eight in the lake kivu region between rwanda and the d.r. c former genesee there and armed hutu groups conducted renewed attacks on the tutsis now living there. they were led by general paul real walk of b.j. . beneath you were in the.

summer one soldiers who had supported can be returned to their country to fight us from their. will be. that's why we began secretly sending our soldiers into rolonda. didn't know about fifty a week also when they left at night and reach rwanda while it was still dark. blue skies they grew a number the new government noticed them and the fighting intensified. if you see i. i. i when it is groups. this is there's. a new some detail. but.

it would be easy to see go. in a seed. that is a big. city. maybe there were some men who wanted us to stand our ground and keep on fighting in rwanda. do while others said we've already lost so many people let's go back to congo and reorganize. commander opted for the second solution. general rule b.j. withdrew his men from rwanda to eastern congo where he regrouped his rebel forces. soon there was a new wave of massacres long does he wake up support of the rebels in their fight against paul kagame. the second congo war ensued which would involve seven

countries more than twenty years later the violence had not ended as dozens of proxy militias fought over priceless mineral reserves. and the un force looked on powerless to intervene. genocide destroys all hope no good can come of it a never ending cycle of violence and retaliation and terror one that here could only be broken by attempts at forgiveness in a historic reconciliation process made possible by the humanity and commitment of countless individuals i don't think will find a solution in this center we lost so many people over a million. why don't think keeping those who killed you.

to a certain extent is going to put away that's when the solution was really clear until you get it even even if really get it. you sentence them to death which you know you want implemented no. so why do you have a beach. city to see every rwandan had a connection to the genocide on both sides. who chose those who did not actively participate in the genocide but a cousin or other family members involved in the killing these are the see this if they did the same applied to the troops he's. sharing those who were not victims of the genocide themselves had lost someone from their family. the genocide affected everyone everywhere wonders. what. tito route to

morrow was instrumental in the creation of the got courts based on local conflict resolution traditions the. two million cases were tried in total half of them resulting in convictions the judges were taken from the population. the fundamental principle no impunity but also no revenge those individuals who were killed others but were judged to be henchmen rather than commanders were handed jail sentences of around seven years. and since you get a sense of justice those. in a genocide. there are those who. must the mind's. need to. maybe try to intreat and. people were just given into being used and they went ahead and they did. but. this

is that is some since zero accountability but equal to their response be it. started there now yes. i don't know yet is that the hour you will hear how no no. no no no no i don't. think they can understand a victim saying. to people you are not to be enough for me even in terms of just the seven you have been. key to my family and. i'm seeing. that. maybe to see the holes when they understand that it.

was the future. the future. must have a future. in. the god church our trials also proved controversial and could never resolve everything but they did help families come to terms with the genocide even if many survivors were unable to forgive well the perpetrators did not expect to be pardoned they. meanwhile the integrated former fighters from the old government forces that had served the previous well rounded leaders yuva now have a year of mana into the new national army in two thousand and three hutu rebel leader general paul rule capitulated a decisive turning point. myself and general who was chief of staff of the in court tanya forces had a lengthy meeting. he said when we fight against each other it means rwandans dying on both sides what's the point to keep the.

kid in he explained his perspective while i asked him a range of questions. here d.c. explained everything to me in detail beats b.q. and the fact he. many of those who had planned and coordinated the genocide however would end up being made accountable for their actions. some such as colonel taylor nist bagosora and former rwandan prime minister john come monday were tracked down abroad and put on trial. the extremist hutu ideologues comprised a minority in november one nine hundred ninety four the un established the international criminal tribunal for rwanda in tanzania eighty six defendants were charged with organizing the genocide seventy were convicted most of them receiving life sentences.

in france which now stood accused of having assisted the genesee their investigative judge john we agree here was pursuing a case against the government of paul kagame me in connection with how the yairi man his death. had made a name for himself as a terrorist hunter. he has always worked for french state interests he developed a hypothesis and did all he could to substantiate it. that's true he published a report that made for some pretty astonishing reading and i've read that report and i have to say it's. how should i put it the more the of a mediocre ninth grader. there's nothing in it.

incriminated several rwandan leaders provoking a crisis between france and rwanda which was convenient for a number of people. it is within that battleground that genocidal killers had received military support from the french government. so this was a way of distracting attention could be the mccarthy it means that two major democratic nations in europe instrumental lies their own justice systems. ridiculed them in fact as if they were banana republics too. so in order to acquit themselves they made the victims of the genocide responsible for their own extermination it's tragic unbelievable. in two thousand and six arrest warrants were issued for nine individuals close to paul kagame many including james covering bay. rwanda subsequently broke off to a medic relations with france the crisis was now at its height. in two thousand and

nine blue-green year was succeeded by mark twenty deek who questioned a substantial part of his predecessors report only now did rwanda resume diplomatic relations with friends. similarly if. you don't you know if you that it comes to that you enjoy these two days levity diddles you wouldn't all set as well separate i mean you the normal is a lot of his defensive because. you. need to get the. ball off also. the issues explain this this isn't the ball that you're sort of full . we'll get there we don't bear grudges but it's nothing we wanted. and we're not angry with anyone who should we be resentful towards you.

it's just an ashes series of events a system of domination it creates these things. wanderings also bear responsibility of course they. are primarily responsible for everything all of us. yeah twenty two years after the massacre their remains of the victims are brought from a mass grave to the memorial site. the last visible traces of the genocide carried out a generation ago. the more time that passes the less people forget about the genocide the silence of the hills recalls the deafening silence of the dead.

for. really. trying to define contemporary rwanda is a challenge many paradoxes and contradictions remain. since being sworn in as president in two thousand and polk a gummi has been reelected three times with a significant majority. his overwhelming victories at the polls raise questions well his manner of conducting state affairs still considerably short of western standards. but he's enjoyed genuine popularity as a guarantor of security and stability now so desperately needed.

oh. in december two thousand and fifteen the rwandan electorate voted on a referendum to remove limits on the potential tenure of the president the international community expressed its concern over this new to. element. with a pretty white emmy's can it be right for the new times. on it to be here today or wonder what it will mean glitter move limits what's your message to them and to the critics what's your answer to them thank you for what. was really they think was it. something that time magazine or something. written. that their mother did the rwandan is. addicted to she.

think that is giving the dictatorship a good and then. they are making that mistake without knowing that make this thing. because. if addicted to ship you mean is one of the chase of people. too if it dictatorship. produces the things we. repeated. about security is just a bit. it's about women empowerment. people living together. where the past has been terrible different. progress is being.

feed themselves food security is. at home and abroad paul kagame a presents his vision of africa's future renewing the idea of pan african ism the hope for cooperation and unity among all states on the continent and their independence in cultural political and energy issues. as many first did every last saturday of the month in rwanda when everyone takes part in compulsory community work. cooperation instead of conflict. i'm not. sure that. oh. if you look at.

it you never see what it could socially. and the question is what. for me and africanism a shrewd move in to be bigger term. except. predict these since over spirit it tends to be new creative growth but that some people are superior to others. for these little is to devote to. that round. so but enough to. mean that. the neat and unified and. you get one of those keys. but enough you can offer the case better.

because. it's been mistreated. mismanaged. both. so. the issues and the steps and then be able to call for on. we are not the entire time you soldiers who risk their lives as twenty year olds in one nine hundred ninety we are not the rwandan leader guarantor of a national unity that was utterly shattered here in rwanda. all western filmmakers can do is uncover and observe the particular circumstances that define rwanda the contradictions and the common ground. resilience does not mean resolution and

healing but it is a process on the path to healing and in today's rwanda it can only be hoped that its people will be able to find that strength to banish the demons of the past once and for all. entering the conflict zone confronting the powerful. the situation in venezuela could hard to remove complex markers through three gear in brussels it is cloudy a summer cocoa vera cruz venezuela's ambassador to the european union put a recorder in the cooling given our interview says the missile module is the true

story and offers. of conflicts a. thirty minute spot c.w. . were. all on. my first vice like i was a sewing machine. where i come from women are bound by this notion for even something as simple as learning how to write a by side those isn't. since i was a little girl i wanted to have up by say the lost my home and it took me as the bible. finally they gave up and mentioned by me and i say this but returned because sewing machines sewing i suppose was more apropos really for those than writing advice as now i want to reach out to those woman back home who are volatile by their duties and social norms and inform them of our dead basic rights my name is

dave out of the home and i work at the them. this is d.w. news live from berlin sudan's new interim leader says the country will have a new civilian government dressed nation saying a government will be in place within two years you also lifted a nighttime curfew which many pro-democracy demonstrators had to fight they claim another victory as the country's security chief steps down hours after the country's new military leader quits and thousands to five riot police in algeria suppress their demands for democratic change it's the.