i got to come back and win the masters after all the highs and lows is a testament to excellence grit and determination obama tweeting their tiger's comeback literally move serina williams to tears the tennis star tweeting this is great just like no other knowing all you have been through physically to come back and do what you just did today congrats a million times i'm so inspired thank you but. are you watching t w news coming up next an in-depth look at rwandan president paul kagame that is in just a few minutes you stay with us. language courses. any time any. w. .

for a hundred days between april and july in one thousand nine hundred four rwanda was ravaged by one of the most intensive campaigns of mass murder in history radical hutus killed an estimated one million people to seize and moderate hutus with the backing of a significant section of the population. to live actually well i walked through all the buildings there were bodies everywhere in every single building the wall person could peer in the courtyard as well you know there were bodies everywhere you looked. some thirty five thousand dead people the ground was littered with bodies.

one divide is addicted to shit but i deeply troubling the come on my dead it will fall. on my daddy i said about we have a bit of a shit about us we can reach a lot of it but it is very small reached up and was the boss and i know i was about it was it a case in which he's got a plan to put it to chicago and how to run it what i'm going to. want to share with us to one hundred years old money of course i know it and your idea was a put up for the who kind of opening up for if i do a petition we're going to move them with him around here for you or. what i was afraid you would do what we are going to do as you say that he would have been on the run if muscle hudson's misled could have said messias i see. now why the ship went on to sell more goods you should be ready. to apply to watch.

you will see so many men to develop the cars. on the first day the interim way arrived a lot of residents hutus and tutsis were gathered on the market square they initially assumed the intruders were ordinary bandits and tried to defend themselves but they didn't stand a chance the villagers hutus and tutsis alike were forced to strip and lie on the ground in the sun it was eleven am on april fifteenth one thousand nine hundred ninety four and at eleven am in rwanda the sun beats down mercilessly. at three pm the interim way ordered the hutus to get up and then handed them spears machetes and clubs. they're to see neighbors were not to get up ever panic broke out around and outside the village most of the trip she's fled into the church believing they would be safe there but this would not be the case

a precious few managed to escape this man was one of them with a spear having pierced his chest he fled on foot twenty five kilometers to neighboring towns anea. getting the seed to the people who really it was the worst genocide ever seen all genocides are cruel but imagine that in rwanda there were even people who paid to be killed with a gunshot the methods used by the murderers were appalling. that cut off people's arms and heads and just leave the bodies there to be fitted up for they killed children by throwing them against walls we should proceed with i did atrocious things we counted fifty six different methods of killing but you will pray. as the rwandan patriotic front or in katon you continue to advance didn't need police he tried to organize

a semblance of administration jerry and see the first thing that hit me when i arrived was the stench of it was awful. so. this is the more posted then i went inside the buildings. on every underbelly laws were covered in blood. it was really distressing rebel groups. fifty thousand to its use were slaughtered in. the two massacres in year over year and then would together account for an eighth of the total death toll from the initial genocidal rampage by the start of may two thirds of that total were already did.

it. as i walked through the streets of. that someone told me that there were still children in the village who nobody was taking care of them. all the buildings here were empty. that's why i asked that they be taken to the school and there i sang songs with them. we are. advanced pushing back the government troops meanwhile the interim way continued their spree of death and destruction killing any to teens who had survived or escaped the initial carnage. is soldiers roam the villages over the dead bodies of to seize and killing any moderate hutus who crossed their path. the battle for kigali on may twenty first was devastating for both the tanya and the government troops called me decided to have his troops advance gradually in stages he wanted to minimize casualties among his men who he would need to rebuild

the country after the war rather than sacrifice them in one of the final battles of a conflict where the outcome was already clear. the in could turn you took one town after another in early june one nine hundred ninety four they overthrew the government which then fled to. in the west of the country close to the border with so you're. friends had to acknowledge that its side in the conflict was losing on june eighteenth one thousand nine hundred ninety four president francois mitterrand issued orders to launch. as a humanitarian measure time is running out he explained at a point in time where seventy five percent of the tutsis were already dead what were france's true intentions in rwanda where the inca town you were on the verge of taking control. the french

intention was to do that if you. continue to must so. if they had been. was there nor do the film. crew do you have fear the town you were making threatening statements saying they would push the french back out of the country but it was very unsettling you're going to have to the french had been assigned the un mandate the immediately established contact with kagami be a political channels but it was right at the beginning of the operation he was informed that france did not intend to reconquer rwanda or oppose him or of the r.p.m. so it was always be a. little richard some of the french soldiers had served in rwanda a number of years earlier and now they were back in the same country except this

time they had to assume a very different stance that they had to be impartial. impartial in the face of an ongoing genocide france's neutrality was repeatedly called into question by the external observers and later even by some french officers. and the captain told me we have orders to stop the r.p.s. via an ambush in the woods of new york way the. civil detail at six am when the helicopters were just taking off. a commanding officer came over crossed his arms and shouted stop stop stop it equipped helicopters that were already taking off had to land again the truth is full of people really annoyed because we prepared for the mission and of course everyone was feeling tense and you. know what i

jumped off the helicopter went up to the officer and asked him what was going on. i wanted to know who the orders had come from walking side. he explained to me calmly it was six am on july first. that the operation had been aborted but they'd reached an agreement with the p.f. and france would be setting up a safe humanitarian zone. in paris an opinion was very much divided not only among the military chiefs of staff but also at the political level the council of senior cabinet ministers was split into two camps one headed by the president spokesman of a drilling and foreign minister and as you pay and supported by hardliners from the army wanted to stop me. the other camp including prime minister edward doer and defense minister francois

leotard were more hesitant preferring a purely humanitarian operation certainly some of the elements of the military wanted war and there were some within the chirac camp who backed them because of the damage they knew it would cause prime minister but to do you know. edward balladeer ended up secretly dispatching two emissaries to rwanda to talk to polka gummi writer john christopher a fan and historians your opinion only. we were sent to reason with kagami we said there are a couple of mad men in france who would like to fight against you and your side also had a few mad men who would be willing to fight the french so let's be reasonable and avoid that it is this room that's a meeting also saw the drawing up of the safe humanitarian zone then tensions between paris and konami were calmed at least temporarily nevertheless the into

tiny refused to accept friends preventing them from winning the war they eventually resorted to action that has remained largely hidden from the public in mid july a few days before that final victory that you could turn you captured twenty three french troops attempting to cross their lines. twenty three. french troops captured. we use it almost two but again it was a lake look this is our country and we're going to enter this territory whether you want it. so if you believe that we would go there anyway because this is a territory. and. it's not. true at all right steve. chris. so there was that and it out today get to later on reserve it was approved.

on mistakes and follies always come with a high price and france was guilty of a whole range of followers motivated by a desire for french dominance in africa. from the point of view of france their position was threatened by anglo-saxon imperialism they claimed the r.p.o. for being backed by elements and british dominated uganda if the british didn't give a damn about the r.p.o. august also tickled little bit. after taking kigali on july fourth two weeks later the in katon you had gained control of the entire country with just over twelve thousand soldiers. paul kagame me at the time thirty six now had the responsibility of dealing with the consequences of an unprecedented wave of slaughter and destruction. the shocking toll after one hundred days up to a million tutsis murdered and a quarter of a million women raped where two million moderate hutus were forcibly relocated to

the border with so year to be exploited as human shields for the extremists. it was smelling it was just it. was it. even those where we see and it is sees us. as if they split up we. see because that noise when where to start. the hopes that from somewhere else that needed in this country we didn't. just get lost. it's caddish. rwanda was desolated there was no gasoline no electricity no bank notes the tutsis who had escaped the genocide gradually

started to return from exile to their country a country they would no longer recognize a country still littered with human corpses. survivors found homes in the now abandoned and destroyed buildings. the new government of national unity tried to exhibit the trappings of normality gummi was named defense minister and vice president past year buzy mugu a moderate who two who had aligned himself with the r p f was appointed president but the real power as everyone knew lay in the hands of the victorious military chief pollock a gummi. the other people had a lot of the sponsibility who had to do it in over the country there was no produce most of them would do nothing there were mostly fronts. for the nothing so a bit of it was in the tribal almost of a defeat. so. in the remote parts of the country we're still killing the people.

so the other people was also responsible to stop of that so it's a they could then appeal was a bit. less first. on the. of the locked. the in could tell you struggled to impose discipline starting within their own ranks r.p.s. officers were committing atrocities against civilians well armed soldiers avenge their families a number of officers appeared to lose all restraint to mit's the deadly chaos. tried to put a stop to the cycle of retaliation having several hundred of his own men imprisoned and some executed as a deterrent. to gun it was now deploying a dubious and double edged political instrument a reign of terror. one question remains to this day whither he had a choice. he seemed very

complicated. you see there is nothing that is when can be absolute. and a new inevitable a new unit with. such a strong sense of. something's up in and they up and we are human beings. to the invitations. on april twenty second one thousand nine hundred ninety five interim when forces who had infiltrated the last existing displaced persons camp on rwandan territory attacked in katon you soldiers right under the eyes of un troops the encroach on your response was swift and devastating four thousand people in the camp were killed many of them trampled to death in the resulting mass panic.

so there was repeated pressure from the government in kigali to dissolve the camp and have the people returned to their homes into religious christians which. i think the result was this terrible massacre he wanted over the schools i think this was a combination of two factors spontaneous outbreaks of violence which are comprehensible in this kind of situation. and a strategy of terror after such an orgy of violence there will inevitably be people settling scores such as soldiers taking personal revenge for their murdered families to. into further sympathy i traveled with president khatami through various european countries to make our message clear people were still being killed in rwanda and the perpetrators were able to return unhindered to congo and what was europe doing nothing just the same old hot air and unrealistic promises. that. did nothing and they knew they were. i was taking

a look you have comps across in the cold you have weapons. duty to me if he come study these. when you take him entity in assistance to these columns you have been if he team is in militias and. groups that has just but it took it up across the board. industry beginning. mobile to please. i that is on this report. and also to move them from the board know who would be to do nothing sol. would look a bit of come see me as it. i don't have the room with the mobile to myself. so do you know it and if you but i know somebody was able to program with

a mobile to. this is. less principle then the. loan to zero a couple of would become a vital ally of paul kagame me as head of the alliance of democratic forces for the liberation of congo or a.d.f. l. . gummi himself took a backseat leaving the fighting to his right hand man lieutenant colonel james qatari bay. my first meeting with the is it. was just here. in this image that a co impetus to me on how he how to photo was against movement in the sixty's together with the trigger for the us i had to hide under the hood of books to do what i did a fool i saw this is the right i'm on your way in this event here the ugandan president provided park a dummy with diplomatic support and arms. he had the u.s. on his side while the french backed the leader and dictator of zaire mobutu says.

it was the beginning of the first congo war starting with the dismantling of the hutu refugee camps. when the in cotati attacked they left a corridor open in the town of goma providing access to the rwandan border. and of these to. open the border enabling those refugees who had the opportunity to enter. a view enough some of the soldiers also returned to rwanda. but the majority of them withdrew into the interior of the congo to cool. the refugee camps were shut down after two years in exile almost ninety percent of the displaced hutus in congo then still there returned to rwanda.

no country tolerate being attacked from its own borders every leader would probably have reacted the way koga me did there was a real and genuine threat to the knesset if it were. all suit the closure of the refugee camps was followed by the large waves of returning refugees moving westward . field beginning in one thousand nine hundred ninety six. talk pointed there were retaliatory attacks and acts of revenge and a new series of massacres to the south does it keep. the red cross and the u.n.h.c.r. had teams stationed on the ground. in force a c. look at the target refugees who came to them and sort of their needs to. prove. the force but they also had to dig mass graves for the dead. it's also to offer. well this new humanitarian disaster continued to unfold the troops under the

command of lower on does your makeup and james cabaret they continued their advance into sire just six months later they had arrived at the capital kinshasa the genesee dear those who had perpetrated the mass murder in rwanda were being pushed back or killed in some cases using civilians as human shields. if you do all good you know what the objective is to keep look at. it don't you look at this mission going in just take to be put to salt to fulfill took the fifth pacific and we left the city not only thoughtful men who left their cities awful things to be all. little good all you know this. is only things that fit a myth that not only tell you we're. not but do you speak. the capture of kinshasa by lieutenant colonel james cup every day marked the end of

mobutu thirty year dictatorship the new president would as had been agreed the long disarray kabila but a new disaster was soon to strike. they are now renamed the democratic republic of congo lay in ruins but was still full of material temptations in less than a year renewed tensions saw the political situation deteriorate. accuse the inca tanya of enriching themselves from the country's resources and made ominous threats toward the tutsis living in the d.r. see. james cover a bay returned to rwanda where the final battles were being fought in early one nine hundred ninety eight in the lake kivu region between rwanda and the d.r. c. former asian o.c. there and armed hutu groups conducted renewed attacks on the tutsis now living there. they were led by general paul row aka b.j. . you were in the.

summer one soldiers who had supported can be returned to their country to fight us from there. so that's why we began secretly sending our soldiers into rwanda. about fifty a week also when they left at night and reach rwanda while it was still dark. is a good. risk as they grew a number the new government noticed them and the fighting intensified my keep. if you see i put it down. i. think what it is whoops. see good one insists there's no us at all showing the law shortly but also. we. knew some details. but. not all of it to the

boss or to be the problem archimedes in a seed. that is a big puzzle. what can you. say to these it. meant there were some men who wanted us to stand our ground and keep on fighting in rwanda. while others said we've already lost so many people let's go back to congo and reorganize it was commander opted for the second solution. general rule b.j. withdrew his men from rwanda to eastern congo where he regrouped his rebel forces. soon there was a new wave of massacres long does he really come to support of the rebels in their fight against paul kagame me. the second congo war ensued which would involve seven

countries more than twenty years later the violence had not ended as dozens of proxy militias fought over priceless mineral reserves in the un force looked on powerless to intervene. genocide destroys all hope no good can come of it a never ending cycle of violence and retaliation and terror. one that here could only be broken by attempts at forgiveness in a historic reconciliation process made possible by the humanity and commitment of countless individuals i don't think we find a solution exists in today's list so many people over a million. i don't think keeping those.

to such an extent is going to put a label dissolution was killed until you get it even though even if you get. you sentenced in the interim if. which you know you want implemented no. so why do you have. the shock. to see every rwandan had a connection to the genocide on both sides. who to use who did not actively participate in the genocide but who had a cousin or other family members involved in the killing these are the c.d.c. if they did the same applied to the two it says the even those who were not victims of the genocide themselves had lost someone from their family. the genocide affected everyone everywhere wonders. what. tito

road to morrow was instrumental in the creation of the god courts based on local conflict resolution traditions. two million cases were tried in total half of them resulting in convictions the judges were taken from the population. the fundamental principle no impunity but also no revenge those individuals who were killed others but were judged to be henchmen rather than commanders were handed jail sentences of around seven years. it seemed to give a sense of just those. images. those who. must the minds. need to. make sure the brutal doesn't create a. lot of people were just given into being used and they went ahead and did. but even for the look is that is some since zero

accountability but equal to their response meet it. yeah well i don't know yet if. you will hear how no no. no no no no no. they can't understand a victim saying. to people you know enough. even in terms of just the several you have been. key to my family and. let. me to see the things we understand.

the future. the future. you must have a future. the god church or trials also prove controversial and could never resolve everything but they did help families come to terms with the genocide even if many survivors were unable to forgive well the perpetrators did not expect to be pardoned they. meanwhile the integrated former fighters from the old government forces that had served the previous well run didn't leaders even know how to your mana into the new national army in two thousand and three hutu rebel leader general paul rule capitulated a decisive turning point. myself and general who was chief of staff of the include tanya forces had a lengthy meeting. he said when we fight against each other it means rwandans dying on both sides what's the point to keep the.

kid in he explained his perspective while i asked him a range of questions. indeed he explained everything to me in detail. and the fact. many of those who had planned and coordinated the genocide however would end up being made accountable for their actions. some such as colonel to honest bagosora and former rwandan prime minister john come monday were tracked down abroad and put on trial. the extremist hutu ideologues comprised a minority in november one nine hundred ninety four the un established the international criminal tribunal for rwanda in tanzania eighty six defendants were charged with organizing the genocide seventy were convicted most of them receiving life sentences.

in france which now stood accused of having assisted the genesee their investigative judge john we grew year was pursuing a case against the government of paul kagame me in connection with how the yairi man is death. had made a name for himself as a terrorist hunter. he has always worked for french state interests he developed a hypothesis and did all he could to substantiate it. that's true he published a report that made for some pretty astonishing reading. i've read that report and i have to say it's. how should i put it the more the of a mediocre ninth grader there's nothing in it.

here incriminated several rwandan leaders provoking a crisis between france and rwanda which was convenient for a number of people. but. they said it is within about a genocidal killers had received military support from the french government. so this was a way of distracting attention could be democratic it means that two major democratic nations in europe instrumental lies their own justice systems. ridiculed them in fact as if they were banana republics. so in order to acquit themselves they made the victims of the genocide responsible for their own extermination it's tragic unbelievable. in two thousand and six arrest warrants were issued for nine individuals close to polk a gummi including james company bay rwanda subsequently broke off to a medic relations with france the crisis was now at its height. in two thousand and

nine year was succeeded by mark treeview deek who questioned a substantial part of his predecessors report only now did rwanda resume diplomatic relations with friends. get me please he don't you know if you that it comes to these all that you enjoy these two days let he didn't see you wouldn't that also this will separate army to normal is a lot of his defense if he goes on this you. need to get the. ball off also. the machines explain this this isn't the ball that you're sort of full. we'll get there we don't bear grudges but it's nothing we want. and we're not angry with anyone who should we be resentful towards whom.

it's just an ashes series of events system of domination it creates these things. with the soviet rule wanderings also bear responsibility of course they are enormous and we are primarily responsible for everything all of us. twenty two years after the massacre their remains of the victims are brought from a mass grave to the memorial site. the last visible traces of the genocide carried out a generation ago. the more time that passes the less people forget about the genocide the silence of the hills recalls the deafening silence of the dead.

for. trying to define contemporary rwanda is a challenge many paradoxes and contradictions remain. since being sworn in as president in two thousand and paul could gummy has been reelected three times with a significant majority. is overwhelming victories at the polls raise questions while his manner of conducting state affairs will considerably short of western standards. but he's enjoyed genuine popularity as a guarantor of security and stability now so desperately needed.

in december two thousand and fifteen the rwandan electorate voted on a referendum to remove limits on the potential tenure of the president the international community expressed its concern over this new develop. didn't. mr prince quite emmy's can it right for the new times. want to be here today wondering who voted overwhelmingly. limits what's your message to them and to the critics brought what's your. thank you for what. was reading i think was it. something that time magazine or something. written. that there was little to ruin an. addicted to she.

think that is giving the dictatorship a good name. making that mistake without knowing that this day. because. if addicted to sheep you mean is one of the chase of people. too if it dictatorship. produces the things we. repeated. about security is just. it's about women empowerment is about. people living together. where the past has been terrible different. it's about.

progress is being made. feeding themselves food security. at home and abroad paul kagame may present his vision of africa's future renewing the idea of pan african ism the hope for cooperation and unity among all states on the continent and their independence in cultural political and energy issues. as many first to every last saturday of the month in rwanda when everyone takes part in compulsory community work. cooperation instead of conflict. oh. if you look at.

it you never see what it could socially. for me and africanism a shrewd move and it be bitter turn. except. project this sense over spirit that has been created to grow but that some people are superior to others. for these little is. that. so i'm awfully. funny. i mean that. the neat and unified entity. that one of those keys. but enough for the crazy.

because. it's been restricted. in this money to. both. the. limit is. set ups and then be able to call for and. for the money though. we are not the entire time you soldiers who risk their lives as twenty year olds in one thousand nine hundred we are not the rwandan leader guarantor of a national unity that was utterly shattered here in rwanda. all western filmmakers can do is uncover and observe the particular circumstances that define rwanda the contradictions and the common ground. resilience does not mean resolution and

healing but it is a process on the path to healing and in today's rwanda it can only be hoped that its people will be able to find that strength to banish the demons of the past once and for all. the country between europe and stop. georgia it's davi gaborone is home country and also his inspirational quotes on the road i'm going to write about georgia being divided all sots. the author travels through

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and the literature first one hundred german must reach. oh. oh. oh. this is deja vu news live from berlin sudan's protesters dig in as authorities threaten to disperse that demonstrators saying that they will not be moved from their sit in front of the country's defense ministry they want the military to hand over power immediately to a civilian government. also coming up.