the baker can stretch this in line with the words sex by the team and tots. sniffing recipes for success strategy that make a difference. baking bread on d.w. . the last supper by leonardo da vinci when it was first shown in fourteen ninety nine he created shock waves through italy and beyond changing the world of art for ever but a twenty year restoration effort has revealed the awful truth of the original fresco only some twenty percent is still visible simply put we can no longer seen

or understand why this painting had such a devastating impact. or can we. this is the incredible story of a hope across europe following a trail of clues and documents hidden for centuries that suggests that layla doe and his workshop painted another last supper in a huge life size kids' school for none other than the king of france does that painting still exist and if so can it reveal the secrets of the original fresco. this is where stories. starts in milan the most important fashion and business city

in all of modern italy and in that sense love much has changed even in the fifteenth century milan was a bustling city filled with artists and musicians. of older cities states and italy the duchy of milan was the most powerful the most exuberant and the wealthiest by force no wonder that many kings in europe wanted to conquer it. to kelly because the man in charge the juke named little because for itself was a tyrant who had seized power in fourteen he was and many other such rulers he was desperate to cloak his the legitimacy with the splendor of a renaissance court. the judge had many projects monastery complex called it just tours of the pov via a new church building right here in milan called the sometime out he had that i got

sick but the biggest project of all was this massive cathedral deliberately designed to be the biggest church building in all of italy so naturally the city was a magnet for young artists and sculptors from all over the region. but while a lot of this artist wasn't from lombardy he was from florence the most exciting city in all of italy a wellspring of the renaissance what was he doing painting at fresco in milan. answer may be found in a small village outside of florence called vinci. lunar was a natural child the son of a farmer's daughter cutting in one day at a roll in the hay with a promising young notary called seven pm of course mary's was out. the question

a bright future awaited said pietro provided he married a wife from a prestigious family. that's why layer nardo was never truly part of the creative circles of florence around lorenzo the mating with artists like the betty gillan diet or michelangelo these were folks who wrote latin sonnets and could hold their own and find society there not i was never part of that. but said piero never forgot his son and was always ready to use his connections to help him get work but the lack of a proper education left young leonardo at a major disadvantage. instead he was apprenticed to the workshop of one of the most prolific artists of florence and vettel here here leonardo learned how to mix pigments prepare panels or transfer

a large fresco drawings cold cartoons to a plaster wall. and eventually for rocky allowed him to paint one of the angels in his panel of the baptism of cries it's obvious that leonardo's angel is much more beautiful than the rather dire angel to the right painted by photo feel himself so how did he create such lovely and jealous faces the answer by using a new invention called oils. whereas most of florence still use the flat collars of tempera paint which dries quickly they are not o. had begun to experiment with pigments mixed with oils the technique first developed in northern europe. the advantage or. temporary is that in order to create a three dimensional object you pretty much have to mix every single color that you

put in there or crosshatch it so you get the feeling that we don't mention but with oil you didn't have that problem you can have an incredible range from black to white hall most seamlessly and so this was a huge shift for for the artists and the renaissance. good or and there is a classically trained artist who painted a life size re creation of the sistine chapel for the motion picture angels and the . and how were these oils made well they were ground up pigments that could be anything from bones to dry possibly to accost famous only in blue that came from afghanistan that was so expensive that it cost more than actual gold on its own weight my god more than gold has it that. the fifteenth century the quatro cento was a an exciting time to be in florence it was

a time of rebirth the renaissance the revival of the ancient world and the arts and science in literature and in engineering here for example philippo brunelleschi used roman engineering to create this vast dome over the do moment the cathedral of florence while burlesque he was taking measurements of ancient temples and rome he had discovered that when you draw as street or a building all the horizontal lines seem to converge to a common center what today we call the vanishing point. the less he had discovered the laws of linear perspective it revolutionized the renaissance art certainly painters could create an illusion of three dimensional space as if the image they painted was a window on another world. you

know for us it's almost impossible to imagine the impact of this innovation why because today we are surrounded by simulated images are full of billboards television cinema they have conditioned our brain to interpret flat images as three dimensional reality but in the middle ages men and women never had that experience before and so there must have been utterly amazed. by a painting like this one. the crucifixion by massaging the first fresco in history to use linear perspective. people in those days most of thought it was some form of magic to see space weather was only a flat wall. there no no it was also trained in the magic of linear perspective in the workshop of his master of

a rocket and he too was amazed by the possibilities but as he began his first major painting they are now realized that linear perspective had one major drawback. it tended to see by fall the figures and inhibit their expressive power in many paintings the figures became like puppets fixed on a rigid grid ten years later leonardo would write how to give you figures a pleasing air. look about you. when you see a beautiful face remember its features and fix them in your mind. so what leonardo is saying is don't let geometry deprive your characters of feelings of emotions of psychological drama and a first bold attempt to do just that as

a painting that hangs right here in the you feeds it called the adoration of the magic. unfortunately the monks who commissioned the panel weren't interested in moving the boundaries of italian art they simply wanted a pretty picture of the native any that people could recognize and worship. and so the work was stopped and the painting remained unfinished it would take nearly two decades before labor nardo group realize his great vision he talked about wanting to create his work of fame you can see but unless he's work of fame you can see donna tell us works of fame and he wanted to create his own and so his destiny he felt he lay with a large a large court with a grand patron and a single person who was going to be writing the checks and that happened to be at the most powerful man in italy many the fourteen eighties and for the ninety's was

the duke of milan lot of equals fortson and so that's why he went north in fourteen eighty two to begin working for someone who is in effect a prince and not just a group of monks that's why a layman are decided to turn his back on the forums and that's why he came here and milan filled with ambition not as an artist but as an engineer a military and hit it even prepared and then press a pitch for the jews a catalog of all of us military towns. methods for destroying every fortress or strongly and that's built on a rock. i can also design different types of can which we heard still means the ball like a hail storm. leonardo's hopes came to look and it took several years for

a joke little vico to finally noticed a florentine artist but the project he gave him a huge equestrian statue ended in failure the only thing that remains of this massive project are his studies. live in arthur was ready to tackle the greatest most m.b. . composition of his young career a series of thirteen live sized portraits of men seated at a table for a wall in milan. how did the last supper project come about and who asked leonardo de painted. this may come as a surprise but we really don't know what we do know is that the jokes for it so i tended to favor home grown artists like giovanna don't want to follow that may not

have been particularly in the maginot but they delivered their work on time and on budget like this fresco of st peter part of. what we do know is that the job had chosen this church to become the pantheon of his dynasty. actually it was part of a dominican convent and the abbot white away saw as opportunity so he asked the joke if he would build him a new or factory place to have meals for the monks complete with frescos. a reflector he was usually decorated with two paintings a last supper and a crucifixion of christ. the last supper illustrated the institution of the eucharist. whereas the crucifixion depicted the redemption of mankind to the suffering of jesus the two counter-points of christian theology.

the most important for us go destined for the south wall was the crucifixion of christ this did you gave to giovanni dum want of fun though whose family had been working in the cathedral of milan for many decades. but who was going to paint a north wall. lame out of the vinci up to this point but lay it out or had done other than the failed question project and the two small portraits was the production of plays and masks for the entertainment of the jucundus court was he truly going to be given this monumental fresco and laid out of was in effect the special effects man for they do you can so i guess we would think of him as a sort of a combination set designer costume designer and special effects person for these spectaculars that lot of equal would have staged maybe a couple of times

a year in the lion. that is why lunardi it was determined that with this fresco he was going to stomach the moment. and they probably would have been expecting that he would have done a last supper akin to all of those that have been done primarily in florence in tuscany sienna for the previous two hundred years but of course he did something quite different that archetype showed christ breaking bread thus establishing the first eucharist but like a skilled film director leonardo picked a far more dramatic see the moment when jesus the claires that one of the men in the. whom is a traitor that news literally explodes from the center and hits the apostles in various poses of shock disbelief sorrow even anger the full

panoply of human emotions is laid bare the same idea that had galvanized his adoration of the manager some twenty five years earlier by an order wanted action and then he also wanted the emotion and the dramatic intensity of what happened in in those seconds in jerusalem and that of course is one of the magnificent things about the painting he brings that to life and we see that an instant here that we can understand what's happening there is that hold for techs of human drama that's right where everyone is reacting differently they're asking each other there's adequate julie there's disbelief there's anger there is in the cases of the light same joy he just appears to be coming awake and these being interrogated by st peter and so he does he takes each each of these twelve and gives them. some

characteristics some you know with facial expression hand gestures things like that in order to take us into the character but here is the great tragedy most of these beautiful expressions are no longer visible today and i say metal is not it at that . kind of test because of emotional heat on the patrik upon a technique because you had an end up at the end of that after ask book called the thoughts takes place you know the neck blocked it out was not a stone to said especially don't add on ascended into. unlike want to funnel who used conventional fresco techniques leonardo could not resist experimenting with his pigments to try to create the same optical effects that he had pioneered with this oil pig who's the result. it was catastrophic i think the thing that's so interesting about him is that he's got different intellectual interests and so he's

trying to achieve different goals with paint and he's asking different questions of them larry keith is the head of conservation and keeper at london's national gallery but also i think he really was in sydney and exploring nuances of tall gradation all those kinds of distinctions that i think are really not possible to achieve in france. in fifteen seventeen in influential cardinal named luigi dot are gone and his secretary and tonio debbie optus went on a tour and among others visited the convent in milan to see the last supper. as the b. artist would write he does most excellent although it is beginning to decay either because of the down the sun the wall some other form of the collect.

in the centuries since the first go continue to deteriorate because it was adjoining a kitchen so all the moisture was trapped in the wall. in the end there's really no way to know what leonarda great masterpiece looked like. or is there. long before an tonio to visit another even more distinguished visitor came to milan with an army into this was the newly crowned king of friends leader twelve just one year after his elevation the king marched on milan to claim the city as his home. and what was the first thing that king louis did after he set himself up here in the castello sports are the answer is in the book written by lay on our

toes first biographer george of us our. as for sorry says the king went on a visit he went to see the last supper. that he was deeply pressed by the actual service picture both in composition and execution and convinced that he should take it back to his kingdom so he tried to find architects who could build a framework of wood and i am to safely transport the fresco back to france with the regard for expense so much to he want to have it. but since it was painted on a wall it's majesty could not have visions as such. but kings aren't used to being told what they cannot have and so we decided on an even bigger gambit but for that he needed léonard of himself at least that's our theory.

even though leonardo was in milan he was wanted back in florence to finish another francisco the battle of and beyond and the whole of the five hundred the lots of donna seniority so he wasn't in a position to stay in milan and do whatever the king had in mind for him but then something extraordinary something that changed everything. this is the r.k. view adela's thought of the feet and say the state archives of florence with documents that go back over a thousand years and here we found a truly remarkable letter with a letter to the elite she said call it a chase him up a lesson yet if you don't think india to quote dorothy she generally are to me a little caution to say it then here is a letter from the french king himself king louis to twelfth to the consul and yet in the president of the french republican signoria asking as we have need of

last layer not a vote of the painter to the city of florence and want to make him do something by his own hand we beg you to kindly let it all work for us for a period of time and carry out the what we tend here to do. i think it's becoming clear what the french king once lived in order to do if he can have their fresh school itself he will have the next best thing a copy on canvas that he can take back to france. and what's interesting about is that the king doesn't tell the same urea what he would like him to do he is very cagey about the thing doesn't say how long because if our theory is correct and he wants leonardo to make a copy of the last supper that would take. a very long time indeed.

the idea of such a live sized copy was not far fetched later nardo was arguably one of the first painters in history who used his studio to make copies of his own works for sale such as divergent of the rocks painted with his associate umbrella joe depleted he's. the madonna of the yarn winder possibly painted with his pupil francesco spaniel the st n. painted with his assistant mel c. and of course the mona lisa painted by his pupil and close companion solomon. there was a good reason for that here in the sometime early in a lot about had a large studio with lots of assistance but he worked very slowly and it's difficult to maintain a large studio when you have a very limited output but it's not so hard if you use your best assistants to make

copies of your works for sale under the master's supervision of course so what happened to this copy of the last supper who painted it and as a still exist. there's only one way to find out and that is to go to france. today we think of paris as the world's epicenter of art culture and fashion this is where the world kongs for beauty and refinement but in the sixteenth century things were very different.

people sometimes forget that but in the middle ages it was actually burgundy. which dictated french culture not just an art but also in poetry and music and then queen discourage of the black plague and the hundred years war in which joan of arc would play such an important part. somebody in time i mean a twelfth came to the throne france was a mere shadow of its former self and louis was very much aware. he knew that french artists needed to take their cue from the italian renaissance and i think that's why he was so incredibly keen to get the last cell for him to friends. but if that's true and if a lot of sides copy of the last supper was actually made where did it go the answer

i think maybe hidden behind these walls this is the shuttle did god which once served as the residents of georgia dump was. just a well. the most important member of the sides of a king with a twelve are sort of prime minister we come along to find that he was us both with us the king yeah. like his master king louis dumb ones was deeply smitten with the beauty of italian art he decided he wanted to build a chateau that was entirely in the renaissance time the first one in france and so he brought back scores of italian artists and masons to do just that. to tell you not to let him to sculpt like this unfolds through so many t.v. lights and restaurants and various flattery. the people of new of the beach he came

here yeah and what did he do to do lots of things to degrade yourself and one of the most beautiful shot of the sixty's and to reinforce. the fact that. one of those leading pupils was working in this chateau around fifteen zero nine may be the missing piece of the puzzle. unfortunately the chapel and much of the shuttle were destroyed in the french revolution and the term world not follow but one work that andrea painted for the shadow still exists a deposition from the cross which today hangs in duluth. central florida what we know of him is that he was from a family of artists we think he was probably what in venice in a period when an item is very fast in the mind so he wasn't there with him right

from the beginning and around forty nine to five he probably came back from venice team on with his brother christopher and which is of course exactly the moment when you know it is beginning to work on the last supper for s.k. if that's true. then salerno must have been present as the great francisco of the last supper took shape on the refectory wall and since he was one of léonard those most talented pupils could he have been the one who painted the copy for the french king in the archives of the château we find a key piece of evidence an inventory of all property including printers from the fifteen forty s. one of these paintings is no sin fact on twine and gone past the femal saying your feet stop r.t.d. below a lance supper on canvas with monumental figures which is grace have brought over from malone. could this be our first hard piece of evidence of

a live size copy of the last supper on gone past on ours with monumental figures. put this together with what we know that andreas alarie was in got you know in fifteen zero nine and that pieces begin to fall into place. there is little doubt that solari zero was a favorite of the dumb was family and fifteen zero seven even painted a portrait of george his nephew charlotte dumb ones charlotte was none other than the governor of milan at that time but given the short time frame in which the copy was finished between fifteen zero seven fifteen zero nine is likely that not only so loudly oh but also other leonardo pupils were involved including for example jump. but here's the next question where is this

campus after all if it's as big as we think it is it's not something you would lose very easily and that's why we find ourselves on the train to antwerp in belgium to follow the next trail of what. we usually think of and for prez the city of rubik's painter of the baroque but even in the early renaissance and for was a very important city primarily because it served as the major port for the low countries. the thing started to change in the early sixteenth century primarily as a result of the growing tensions between the protestant north and the catholic south which ultimately produced the eighty years war. this is when the

catholic church looked for every which way to defend the faith in the low countries and founded in this epic the abbey of total. you. know what i think is so interesting is that dutch calvinism rejected all forms of religious imagery paintings sculpture even stained glass it was old torn down and destroyed i think that's why the abbot of total world decided he should get the biggest painting of christ in his apostles he could find to deter the north and give a boost to the catholic faithful in the sun. reportedly this painting needs to exist in a small chapel on the grounds of this very calm. saying .

oh my god. there it is again here for this the painting we've been looking for all these weeks. it is magnificent. so the painting was brought to bear and just in that specific moment the abbot of tongue good little has asked somebody to look off to the beautiful great. pain thing religion. for the new abbey church he wrote a letter to the abbot. if this is the last supper of leonardo da vinci it was sold on the second of february and fifty hundred forty five it's the painting was

actually presented and sold. a product of lived on a living just painted by leo a lot of the while it was in those days it was not that important but probably. ninety percent of the painting as the work of. a disciple spielberg self of genius tell me about this theory of who painted christ and seen just well. you know but i'll be. eighty who has been restoring for twenty two years the oregano fresco in milan will as she has she said to this is a work of a group of your pupils disciples of. vinci but he said i'm convinced that christ is and especially also the apostle of sin john your favorite model. i think she has been

painted by himself by a lot of them yeah. mine is that it's a cheap but it's a quality the quality of your little when you look at a painting you see that in john this. is very nice it's exceptional quality and very very about my day also make x. rays or some twenty years ago you know. under gauge yet hostiles exact same town crashed you're telling me that there are there is an under drawing under all of the apostles yeah except for john and cross that is painted directly on the campus that was at his old stuff. of the x. rays that is an astonishing discovery. so we might conclude that even though the apostles may have been painted by his pupils the looting perhaps under a a celeriac that lay not to himself hated christ and since the most important figures

on the last supper pretty yeah yeah and that was so it's they both to painting ass a work. that's fascinating that's fascinating it is a beautiful work but is this the painting that pin louis to twelve ordered from leonardo in fifteen zero seven and that hundred is still are you brought to friends and fifteen zero nine. fortunately the abbey has an extensive archive going back many hundreds of years and here we find in this tarnishing eyewitness account. that from his days of course hunt and jewel it is said that the painting is made after an original painted on a wall that is now a bad patch. when the king of france who conquered milan saw the painting he was very disappointed that he could not take it with him since it was painted on

the wall and so he gave the order to have a copy namely and that's the copy that hangs in the choir today so what we have here is an eyewitness document from the sixteenth century that confirms our theory that louis did twelve ordered a copy of the last supper from leonardo da vinci and the. this painting now hangs on the wall of this beautiful abbey in belgium. but then the plot thickens once more as we saw such a large canvas could not have been painted by just one artist such a small time frame so who would have been who was on the bench and various a lhari of the most likely candidate is italian artist called jump you team for as we will discover in london he went on to make

a second call. for two hundred fifty years there while academy of burlington house in london this been training generations of british artists by drawing inspiration from the work of the great masters. so we're sitting here in the library which very much relates to the training of the artists these were all what we called material for artists inspire them for them to look at when did the world academy acquire the copy of the last supper and why did they acquire so it was eight hundred twenty one the academy bullshit the six hundred guineas which then was a lot of money as a sort of comparison in a few twenty the national got a report and real titian just over three hundred pounds so to spend six hundred pounds on what was a copy was an immense amount of money so they had to gather all the artists together they will have to vote on it and agree that this was

a good purchase it was this extraordinary example of leonardo's work i mean although it's a copy i think it was seen as a real window into the sort of achievements of leonardo and to have in the schools for the artist the students to look at was was an amazing as a night by leonardo that refers to a john that we think is probably the same person i. we know that a figure more or less of this name is working in milan from least around fifteen zero seven so in that second period after leonardo has been back to florence and has then returned to milan and would you agree that he's probably the one of the principal or at least on the copy of the world yes so that's very much the current line of thinking although he has recently going back to the technical drawings underpinning this work and has to do technical analysis of the under drawings of the work has asserted that in fact it's probably all tracking his hand initially

and then jumper trainer coming in as a secondary hand. if it's true jump you three know worked on both the turn all over asia and then later around fifteen twenty on this copy it would seem that between these two paintings we would have a very accurate sense of what the original fresco once looked like. i think the scale of it is it doesn't have to be very very close to the original and for me means that we can investigate further seemed to be fairy place the original book track enchanted train office he had access to an art is foreign with a cartoon and i think with possibly evidence that there may have been some sort of pushing out all tracing all you know from these original cartoon so you know this is really interesting that the basis may be kind of even closer than we originally

thought. now that we found not one but two live sized versions of the last supper by a layer narrow and his top pupils do we have a long last have a key to see what the fresco in milan truly looked like. the last supper a painting that would go on to transform the course of western art could anyone in the forty nine years haven't dissipated the tremendous impact that this fresco would have he would have been told by the lord of eco and the trial of sentiment to look at see to a last supper and they probably would have expected he would have done the last supper akin to all of those that have been done primarily in florence in tuscany sienna for the previous two hundred years but later of course it did not work like that and he did say that the way to make a painting was not to look at other paintings it was to look at real life and so i

think what he wanted to do and why he thought the bible was find the drama in the story was almost like he. was the director of a film when he was given a brief this is the film you're going to make we're going to make a film of the last supper play no i don't want to get action and then he also wanted the emotion and the dramatic intensity of what happened in those seconds in jerusalem the night of course is one of the magnificent things about the painting that he brings that to life and we see that and instantly i think we can understand what's happening there three paintings and yet one vision a vision of the picturing the most familiar scene from the gospels in a way that had never been done before. and now we know what that original vision once looked like fangs to work canvas and the remote convent in belgium of course in the years to come the high renaissance would produce some of the most

memorable frescoes in history including raw files stones that in the vatican and michelangelo's immortal ceiling of the sistine chapel but all that incredible realisable that monumental grasp of the human figure first started with a for us go on the wall of a refactoring in the long. come

under the hammer and fetch high prices. that's today's art market and it's booming. but who decides what's hot what's not cool is investing speculating winning and losing we meet some movers and shakers. made in germany thirty minutes r.t.w. . enter the conflict zone confronting the powerful. the north

atlantic treaty organization nato has just started seventieth birthday but it wasn't a happy was my guest this week period nato headquarters is rose gottemoeller love the organizations deputy secretary general who she's now acknowledged the great so far as syria splits in its unity conflict so few minutes on the double. when the water starts rising people fight for survival the money's on a budget for a bunch of money but when there's a flood water comes up to a waist on your clothes faster everyone needs to but. the lack of water is equally dangerous. there's junk you can see people move south so they can plant crops and

find food processor. floods and droughts when climate change becomes. the main driver of mass migration you can write any kind of piece not if you want and probably more things will come to. a carnet exodus starts a full thirty s. on t. w. . many people have been killed in a bass crash on the portuguese island of madeira it's understood the group's tourist bus overturned any of the coastal town of santa cruz german embassy officials have said that german tourists are among the victims. preliminary results in.