what's the connection between bread bound and the european union he knows. p.w. correspondent at abbot baker can stretch this back in line with the rules set by the e.u. the e.u. and copts. swapping recipes for success strategy that could make a difference. baking bread on d.w. . down. but q i know when i'm not tipu of. the length of nokomis. exposing injustice global news that matters to me for minds.

the last supper by leonardo da vinci when it was first shown in fourteen ninety nine he created shock waves through italy and beyond changing the world of art for ever but a twenty year restoration effort has revealed the awful truth of the original fresco only some twenty percent is still visible simply put we can no longer see you know or understand why this painting had such a devastating impact. or can lead. to. this is the incredible story of a hunt across europe following a trail of clues of documents hidden for centuries that suggest. that layla doe and

his workshop painted a leather last supper a huge life size kit but none other than the king of france does that painting still exist if so can it reveal the secrets of the original fresco. this is where a story starts in milan the most important fashion and business city in all of modern italy and in that sense love much has changed even in the fifteenth century milan was a bustling city filled with artists and musicians. of older cities states and italy the duchy of milan was the most powerful the most exuberant and the wealthiest buy for no wonder that many kings in europe wanted to conquer. to

killie because the man in charge the juke named ludovico sforza was a tyrant who had seized power in fourteen he wore them many other such rulers he was desperate to cloak his illegitimacy with the splendor of a renaissance court. the judge had many projects a monastery complex called the chief tolls of the pov via a new church built right here in milan called the sometime audi a that i cannot see but the biggest project of all was this massive cathedral deliberately designed to be the biggest church building in all of italy so naturally this city was a magnet for young artists and sculptors from all over the region. but while a lot of this artist wasn't from lombardy he was from florence the most exciting city in all of italy a wellspring. the renaissance what was he doing painting at fresco in milan.

answer may be found in a small village outside of florence called vinci. leonardo was a natural child the son of a farmer's daughter katherina who one day had a role in the hay with a promising young notary called seven pm of course mary's was out of the question a bright future awaited said pietro provided he married a wife from a prestigious family. that's why layer nardo was never truly part of the creative circles of florence around lorenzo the major with artists like the betty gillan dial or michelangelo these were folks who wrote latin sonnets and could hold their own in fine society. they're not i was never part of that.

but said piero never forgot his son and was only is ready to use his connections to help him get work but the lack of a proper education left young leonardo at a major disadvantage. instead he was apprenticed to the workshop of one of the most prolific artists of florence and that i am here here leonardo learned how to mix pigments prepare panels or transfer a large fresco drawings called cartoons to a plaster wall. eventually for akio allowed him to paint one of the angels and his panel of the baptism of cries it's obvious that leonardo's angel is much more beautiful than the rather dour angel to the right painted by photo kill himself. so how did he create such lovely and jelly faces the answer by using

a new invention called oils. most of florence still use the flat collars of tempera paint which dries quickly leonardo had begun to experiment with pigments mixed with oils the technique first developed in northern europe. they have then that's all hast ever suspect tempera is that in order to create a three dimensional object you pretty much have to mix every single color that you put in there or crosshatch it so you get the feeling that we don't mention but with oil you didn't have that problem you can have an incredible range from black to white hall most seamlessly and sold this was a huge shift for for the artists and the renaissance. and there is a classically trained artist who painted a live size re creation of the sistine chapel for the motion picture angels and the

. and how were these oils made well they were ground up pigments that could be anything from bones through dry possibly to accost famous ultra and blue that came from uk on a thought that was so expensive that it cost more than actual gold in its own way my god more than gold as it is. the fifteenth century to quatro cento was a an exciting time to be in florence it was a time of rebirth the renaissance the revival of the ancient world and the arts and science and literature and in engineering here for example filippo brunelleschi used roman engineering to create this vast dome over the do moment because of florence while burlesque he was taking measurements of ancient temples and rome he had discovered that when you draw as street or

a building all the horizontal lines seem to converge to a common center what today we call the vanishing point. rule lasky had to speak of or the laws of linear perspective it revolutionized the renaissance art suddenly painters could create an illusion of three dimensional space this if the image they painted was a window on another world. you know for us it's almost impossible to imagine the impact of this innovation why because today we are surrounded by simulated images of fall of billboards television cinema they have conditioned our brain to interpret flat images as three dimensional reality but in the middle ages men and women never had that experience before and so there must have been utterly amazed. by

a painting like this one. the crucifixion by massager the first fresco in history to use linear perspective. people in those days was a lot of us some form of magic to see space weather was only a flat wall. they're not always also framed in the magic of linear perspective in the workshop of his master of auckland and he too was amazed by the possibilities but as he began his first major painting they are now realized that linear perspective had one major drawback. it tended to stifle the figures and inhibit their expressive power in many paintings the figures became like puppets fixed on a rigid grid ten years later leonardo would write how to give you figures or

pleasing air. look about you. when you see a beautiful face remember its features and fix them in your mind. so what later naruto is saying is don't let geometry deprive your characters of feelings of emotions of psychological drama and the first bold attempt to do just that is a painting that hangs right here in the you feeds it called the adoration of the magic. unfortunately the monks who commissioned the panel weren't interested in moving the boundaries of italian art they simply wanted a pretty picture of the native any that people could recognize and worship. and so the work was stopped and the painting remained unfinished it would take nearly two decades before labor nardo group realize his great vision he talked about wanting

to create his work of fame you can see but unless he's work of fame you can see donna tell us works of fame and he wanted to create his own and so his destiny he felt he lay with a large a large corps with a grand patron a single person who was going to be writing the checks and that happened to be at the most powerful man in italy in the the fourteen eighties and for the ninety's was the duke of milan and load of equals four and so that's why he went north in fourteen eighty two to begin working for a summit was in effect the prince and not just a group of monks that's why a layman are decided to turn his back on the forums and that's why he came here in milan filled with ambition not as an artist but as an engineer a military and hit it even prepared and impressive pitch for the job but the

catalog all of us military towns. methods for destroying every fortress were strong and is built on a rock. i can also design different types of can which one hundred stones. like a hailstorm. leonardo's hopes came to know and it took several years for a joke ludovico to finally notice the florentine artist. but the project he gave him a huge equestrian statue ended in failure the only thing that remains of this massive project are his studies. live in our two was ready to tackle the greatest most ambitious composition of his young career a series of thirteen live size portraits of men seated at a table for

a wall in milan. how did the last supper project come about and who asked leonardo de painted this may come as a surprise but you really don't know what we do know is that the jokes for tended to favor home grown artists like giovanna don't want to follow that may not have been particularly in maginot but they delivered their work on time and on budget like this fresco of st peter bartter. what we do know is that the joke had chosen this church to become the pantheon of his dynasty. actually it was part of a dominican convent. and the abbott white away saw as opportunity so he asked the joke if he would build him a new or factory place to have meals for the monks complete with frescos.

a refectory was usually decorated with two paintings a last supper and a crucifixion of christ. the last supper illustrated the institution of the eucharist whereas the crucifixion depicted the redemption of mankind to the suffering of jesus the two condo points of christian theology the the most important for us go destined for the south wall was the crucifixion of christ this did you gave to giovanni dum want to fun know whose family had been working in the cathedral of milan for many decades. but who was going to paint the north wall. lane out of the vinci up to this point

laid out or had done other than the failed the question project and the two small portraits was the production of plays and masks for the entertainment of the jew can his court. was he truly going to be given this monumental fresco but laid out of was in effect the special effects man for the duke and so i i guess we would think of him as a sort of a combination set designer costume designer and special effects person for these spectaculars that lot of equal would have staged maybe a couple of times a year in the lion. that is why little nordo was determined that with this fresco he was going to use thomas the moment. and they probably would have been expecting that he would have done a last supper akin to all of those that have been done primarily in florence in tuscany sienna for the previous two hundred years but of course he did something

quite different that archetype showed christ breaking bread thus establishing the first eucharist but like a skilled film director leonardo picked a far more dramatic see the moment when jesus the players that one of the men in the room is a traitor. that news literally explodes from the center and hits the apostles in various poses of shock disbelief sorrow even anger the full panoply of human emotions is laid bare the same idea that had galvanized his adoration of the manager some twenty five years earlier leonardo wanted action and he also wanted the emotion and the dramatic intensity of what happened in in those seconds in jerusalem and that of course one of the magnificent things about

the painting and he brings that to life and we see that an instant here that we can understand what's happening there is that hold for techs of human drama that's right where everyone is reacts. definitely they're asking each other there's a credulity there's disbelief there's anger there is in the cases of the light st john who just appears to be coming awake and there's being interrogated by st peter and so he does he takes each of each of these twelve and gives them. some characteristics some you know a facial expression hand gestures things like that in order to take us into the character but here is the great tragedy most of these beautiful expressions are no longer visible today unless a metal is not in that double cuz of any kind of press that has an emotional he wanted to trick upon a technique because you have been in that ad enough to ask book or less fostex question that i plotted out was not essential to said despite going out on

a sender and. unlike one thought of fun or who used conventional fresco techniques leonardo could not resist experimenting with this pigments to try to create the same optical effects that he had pioneered with his oil paintings the result was catastrophic i think the thing that's so interesting about him is that he's got different intellectual interests and so he's trying to achieve different goals with apes but he's asking different questions of them larry keith is the head of conservation and keeper at london's national gallery but also i think he maybe was in shipping and exploring. nuances of total british and all those kinds of distinctions that i think are really not possible to achieve in france.

in fifteen seventeen an influential cardinal named luigi dot argonne and his secretary and tonio debbie optus went on a tour and among others visited the convent in milan to see the last supper. as the b. artist would write it is most excellent although it is beginning to decay either because of the dampness of the wall some of the fall of the collect. and the centuries since the first go continue to deteriorate because there was a joining a kitchen so all the moisture was trapped in the wall. in the end there's really no way to know what leonardi great masterpiece looked like. or is there. long before and tony owes a visit another even more distinguished visitor came to milan with an army into

this was the newly crowned king of friends leader twelve just one year after his elevation to the king marched on the road to claim the city as his home. and what was the first thing that king louis did after he set himself up here in the castello sforza the answer is in the book written by leonardo as first biographer george of us. as for sorry says the king went on a visit he went to see the last supper. it was deeply pressed by the excellence of this picture both in composition and execution and convinced that he should take it back to his king so he tried to find architects who could build a framework of wood and i have to safely transport the fresco back to france with

no regard for expense so much that he want to have it. but since it was painted on a wall it's majesty could not have his design. but kings aren't used to being told what they cannot have and so louis decided on an even bigger gambit but for that he needed léonard of himself at least that's our theory. even though leonardo was in milan he was wanted back in florence to finish another first go the battle of and beyond and the whole of the five hundred of the lots of douglas and yuri so he wasn't in a position to stay in milan and do whatever the king had in mind for him but then something extraordinary something that changed everything. this is the arcadia adela's thought of the feet and say the state archives of

florence with documents that go back over a thousand years and here we found a truly remarkable letter if they left it at the elite you think although to chase him up early leslie if you didn't fit in the attic with dora the she denies me little question to say it then here is a letter from the french king himself king louis to twelve to the gulf alone year to the president of the french republic the signoria asking as we have need of must. paint the city of florence and want to make him do something by his own hand we beg you to kindly let it all work for us for a period of time and carry out the work we tend to do. i think it's becoming clear what the french king once lived in order to do if he can have their first school itself he will have the next best thing

a copy on canvas that he can take back to france. and what's interesting about is that the king doesn't tell the senior react what he would like him to do he is very cagey about the thing doesn't say how old because if our theory is correct and he wants leonardo to make a copy of the last supper that would take. a very long time indeed. the idea of such a live sized copy was not far fetched later nardo was arguably one of the first painters in history who used his studio to make copies of his own works for sale such as the virgin of the rocks painted with his associate your depravities. the madonna of the yarn winder possibly painted with his pupil francesco spaniel

the st n. painted with his assistant to mel c. and of course the mona lisa painted by his pupil and close companion sala. that was a good reason for that here in the sometime area of l.a. not about had a large studio with lots of assistance but he worked very slowly and it's difficult to maintain a large studio when you have a very limited output but it's not so hard if you use your best assistants to make copies of your works for sale under the master's supervision of course so what happened to this copy of the last supper who painted it and as a still exist. there's only one way to find out and that is to go to france.

today we think of paris as the world's epicenter all our culture and fashion this is where the world coms for beauty and refinement. but in the sixteenth century things for a very different. people sometimes forget that but in the middle ages it was actually burgundy. which dictated french culture not just an art but also in poetry and music and then came the scourge of the black plague and the hundred years war in which joan of arc would play such an important part. somebody in time doing the twelfth came to the throne france was

a mere shadow of its former self and louis was very much aware. he knew that french artists needed to take their cue from the italian renaissance and i think that's why he was so incredibly keen to get the last offer into french . but if that's true and if a live size copy of the last supper was actually made where did it go the answer i think maybe hidden behind these walls this is the shot to dig out your which ones served as the residents of georgia dump was. just up as well. the most important member besides the king with the twelve a sort of prime minister we can underline the fact that he was us both with us dick cheney. like his master ken you know we done once was deeply smitten with the

beauty of italian art he decided he wanted to build a shock to there was entirely in the renaissance time the first one in france and so he brought back scores of italian artists and masons to do just that. he took not just one fifth to school but this one for some. twelve twenty five and westlife and various like. the people of new you know to the beach he came here yes and what did he do you do lots of things to degrade yourself that one of the most beautiful shot of the season to reinforce. the fact that they also allow you one of lay on our toes leading pupils was working in this chateau around fifteen zero nine may be the missing piece of the puzzle. unfortunately the chapel and much of the chateau were destroyed in the french

revolution and the term world i follow but one work that andrea painted for the shadow still exists the deposition from the cross which today hangs in duluth. central florida what we know of him is that he was from a family of artists we think he was probably working in venice in a period when you know out of his very first in the mines so he wasn't there with him right from the beginning and around forty nine to five to public and back from venice to none with his brother christopher which is of course exactly the moment when you know the is beginning to work on the last day if that's true. then celerity o. must have been present as the great francisco of the last supper took shape on the refectory wall and since he was one of léonard those most talented pupils could he have been the one who painted the copy for the french chain in the archives of the

château we find a key piece of evidence an inventory of all property including paintings from the fifteen forty s. one of these paintings is not a sin fact on twilight zone persona the film will say your feast up of the the beetle a lance supper on canvas with monumental figures which his grace had brought over from alone could this be our first hard piece of evidence of a live size copy of the last supper. with monumental figures. put this together with what we know that andreas alarie was in ngaio in fifteen zero nine and that pieces begin to fall into place. there is little doubt that solaria was a favorite of the dumb was family and fifteen zero seven even painted

a portrait of george's nephew shuttle dumb ones shara was none other than the governor of milan at that time but given the short time frame in which the copy was finished between fifteen zero seven and fifteen zero nine is likely that not only sold but also other leonardo pupils were involved including for example jumpier three. but here's the next question where is this campus after all if it's as big as we think it is it's not something you would lose very easily. and that's why we find ourselves on the train to antwerp in belgium to follow the next trail of tunnels. we usually think of and for prez the city of rubens painter of the baroque but even

in the early renaissance and her was a very important city primarily because it serves as the major port of the low countries. but things started to change in the early sixteenth century primarily as a result of the growing tensions between the protestant north and the catholic south which ultimately produced the eighty years war. this is when the catholic church look for every which way to defend the faith in the low countries is founded in this epic the advent of total. you. know what i think is so interesting is that dutch calvinism rejected all forms of religious imagery paintings sculpture even stained glass it was all torn down and destroyed i think that's why the abbot of total world decided he should

get the biggest painting of christ and his apostles he could find to deter the north and give a boost to the catholic faithful in this son. reportedly this pain seems to exist in this small chapel on the grounds of this very calm. and serene. oh my god. there it is again here at this the main thing we've been looking for all these weeks. it is magnificent. so the painting was brought to bear and just in that specific moment the abbot

of tongue good little has asked somebody to look after the beautiful you'll should great. painting religious painting for didn't you were a big church he wrote a letter to the abbot that. he discussed the last supper of she was sold on the second of february and fifty hundred forty five it's all the painting was actually presented and sold. a product of living on a living just painted by leo a lot of the while it was in those days it was not that important but probably. ninety percent of the painting is the work of. the disciples spiel pulls off. tell me about this theory of who painted christ and seen just well. you know but i'll be. eighty who has been restoring for twenty two years the original

fresco in milan. she said to dismiss a work of a group of a few pupils disciples of da vinci but she said i'm convinced that christ is and especially also the apostle of sin john your favorite model of i think she has been painted by himself by a layer not of them yeah. why is that it's here it's a quality the quality of your when you look at painting you can see that in john this. is a very nice it's exceptional quality and very very about i day also made. some twenty years ago you know. under gag yet hostile schedule exact same time on crashed you're telling me that there are there is an under

drawing under all of the apostles yeah except for john and crossed that is painted directly on the campus that was that his own stuff. of the x. rays that is in this discovery. so we might conclude that even though the apostles may have been painted by his pupils and living perhaps under a a celeriac that lay not to himself painted christ and the most important figures on the last supper bring yeah yeah and that was so it's they both painting ass of work that's fascinating it's fascinating it is a beautiful work but is this the painting that king louis to twelve ordered from leonardo in fifteen zero seven and that hundred or so laurie you brought to france and fifteen zero zero nine. fortunately the abbey has an extensive archive going

back many hundreds of years and here we find in the tarnishing eyewitness account. as for saying the course hunt and julie just said that the painting is made after an original painted on the wall that is now a bad past when the king of france who conquered milan sold the painting he was very disappointed that he could not take it within says it was painted on a wall and so he gave the order to have a copy mate and that's the copy that hangs in the choir today so what we have here is an eyewitness document from the sixteenth century that confirms our theory that lead to twelfth order a copy of the last supper from leonardo da vinci and this painting now hangs on the wall of this beautiful abbey in belgium.

but then the plot thickens once more as we saw such a large campus could not have been painted by just one artist in such a small time frame so who would have painted on the bend and various a lhari of the most likely candidate is an italian artist called jump you team for as we will discover in london he went on to make a second copy. for two hundred fifty years the royal academy at burlington house in london this been training generations of british ours by drawing inspiration from the work of the great masters. so we're sitting here in the library which very much for nights to training all the artists feet we're all what we call bacterial for artist and spot them for them to look at when did the world academy acquire the copy of the last

supper and why did they acquire so it was eight hundred twenty one the academy bullshit. the six hundred guineas which then was a lot of money as a sort of comparison in eighteen twenty the national gallery bought a real titian just over three hundred pounds so to spend six hundred pounds on what was a copy was an immense amount of money so they had together all the artists together they all had to vote on it and agreed that this was a good purchase it was this extraordinary example of leonardo's work i mean it's a copy i think it was seen as a real window into the sort of achievements of leonardo and to have in the schools for the artist the students to look at it was it was an amazing there's a note by leonardo that refers to a john pepto who we think is probably the same person and we know that a figure more or less of this name is working in milan from at least around fifteen

eighty seven so in that second period after leonardo has been back to florence and has then returned to milan and would you agree that he is probably the one of the principal organs from across the world yes so that's very much the current line of thinking although actually moroni has recently going back to the technical drawings underpinning this work and has due to technical analysis of the undercurrents of the work has asserted that in fact it's probably all traffic is hand initially and then jump coming in as a secondary hand. if it's true that jump you three know worked on both the turn all over asia and then later around fifteen twenty on this copy it would seem that between these two paintings we would have a very accurate sense of what the original fresco once looked like. i think the scale of it is it does appear to be very very close to the original and

certainly seems heads that we can investigate further seem to be very trace the original book traffic and champion train office he had access to an art is drawing the cartoon and i think it's possibly evidence that there may have been some pretty outof tracing all you know from these original cartoon so you know this is really interesting that the basis may be kind of even closer than we originally thought. not that we found not one but two live sized versions of the last supper by a layer narrow and his top pupils do we have a long last have a key to see what the fresco and milan truly looked like. the last supper a painting that would go on to transform the course of western art could anyone in the forty nine days have an dissipated the tremendous impact that this fresco would

have he would have been told by the lot of eco and the prior of century deliberate see the last supper and they probably would have expected he would have done the last supper it came to all of those it had been done primarily in florence in tuscany c.n.n. for the previous two hundred years but later of course did not work like that and he did say that the way to make a painting was not to look at other paintings it was to look at real life and so i think what he wanted to do and why he thought the bible was find the drama in the story was almost like he. was the director of a film and he was given a brief this is the film you're going to make we're going to make a film of the last supper. going to action and he also wanted the emotion and the dramatic intensity of what happened in those seconds in jerusalem and that of course is one of the magnificent things about the painting that he brings that to life and we see that and instantly i think we can understand what's happening there

three paintings and yet one vision a vision of the picturing the most familiar scene from the gospels in a way that had never been done before. and now we know what that original vision once looked like thanks to work canvas and the remote convent in belgium of course in the years to come the high renaissance would produce some of the most memorable frescoes in history including raphael stones and the vatican and michelangelo's immortal ceiling of the sistine chapel but all that incredible realisable that monumental grasp of the human figure first started with a fresh go on the wall of a factory in milan. female

talking helplessly as the flames spread to. wrap. don. for me it's the symbol of paris many feel sad and shocked. but i love noted down tonight everyone went to beijing. is it a miracle the cathedral is still standing. in ninety minutes alone d.w. . coach

a bit of getting. your link to news from africa to the world story link to exceptional stories and discussions from the use of easy to our website dedicated comes much coffee cup join us on facebook at g.w. africa. when the water starts rising people fight for survival but i want to get a set up by just me but if i get one there's a flood water comes up to a waist by the flows fast to everyone and me to the plate a lack of water is equally dangerous place junk you can't sleep will move south so they can plant crops and find food. floods and droughts will climate change become the main driver of mass migration you could not write any about going to six not if you want and probably most of them to come to. the carnatic so this starts it will thirty on t.w.

. played . this is the w. news live from the next phase of india's vast general election kicks off this time the rest of region of kashmir goes to the polls security there is. tight local separatists are calling for a boycott of the election after a recent escalation of violence in syria. also coming up north korea ups the pressure on the stalled disarmament talks by announcing a new weapons test according to state media going overseas the launch of a quote tactical guided weapon. and germany calls this.