there is finally thinking about been mentioned by me on bicycles and returns because sewing machine sewing i suppose was more appropriate for girls than writing and. as now i want to meet those moments back home where bones my duties and social norms and inform them oh deadbeats and rights my name is them out of the home and they work it's easy to. not think that well i guess sometimes i am but i found nothing when up and then thinks the printer jemma culture of looking at stereotypes bequests but in here thinks he's for the country that i know not. pm need it seems ridiculous grandma down to me it's all about who they know i'm rachel join me to meet the german fundie. post.

the last supper. living she when it was first shown in fourteen ninety million they created shock waves through italy and beyond changing the world of art for ever but a twenty year restoration effort has revealed the awful truth of the original fresco only some twenty percent is still visible simply put we can no longer seed or understand why this painting had such a devastating impact. or can wait. this

is the incredible story of a hub across europe following a trail of clues and documents hidden for centuries that suggests that layla bill and his workshop painted a mother last supper a huge life size kit but none other than the king of france does that painting still exist if so can it reveal the secrets of the original fresco. this is where the story starts in milan the most important fashion in business city in all of modern italy and in that sense not much has changed even in the fifteenth century milan was a bustling city filled with artists and musicians. of old a city states and italy the duchy of milan was the most powerful the most exuberant

and the wealthiest buy for no wonder that many kings in europe wanted to conquer it . too keely because the man in charge the jew named ludovico sport itself was a tyrant who had ceased power in fourteen he was unlike any other such rulers he was desperate to cloak used illegitimacy with the splendor of a renaissance court. the jew had many projects the monastery complex called the tolls on the pov yeah and the new church built right here in milan called the sometime area that i got sick but the biggest project of all was this massive cathedral deliberately designed to be the biggest church building in all of italy so naturally the city was a magnet for young artists who sculptors from all over the region. but while

a lot of this artist wasn't from lombardy he was from florence the most exciting city in all of italy a wellspring of the renaissance what was he doing painting at fresco in milan. answer may be found in a small village outside of florence called vinci. ludo was a natural child the son of a farmer's daughter katherina one day had a role in the hay with a promising young notary called step pierre of course mary's was out of the question a bright future awaited says provided he married a wife from a prestigious family. that's why a lawyer nardo was never truly part of the creative circles of florence around lorenzo the major with artists like the betty dillon dial or michelangelo

these were folks who wrote latin sonnets and could hold their own and find society there not it was never part of that. but said piero never forgot his son and was only as ready to use his connections to help him get work but the lack of a proper education left young leonardo at a major disadvantage. instead he was apprenticed to the workshop of one of the most prolific artists of florence and they are here here leonardo learned how to mix pigments prepare panels or transfer a large fresco drawings called cartoons to a plaster wall. eventually for rocky allowed him to paint one of the angels in his panel of the baptism of christ it's obvious that leonardo's angel is much more

beautiful than the rather dour angel to the right painted by photo peel himself so how did he create such lovely and gelug faces the answer by using a new invention called oils. as most of florence still use the flat collars of tempera paint which drives quickly leonardo had begun to experiment with pigments mixed with oils the technique first developed in northern europe they adventists all have several suspects temporaries that in order to create a three dimensional object you pretty much have to mix every single color that you put in there or crosshatch it so you get the feeling that i mentioned but with oil you didn't have that problem you can have an incredible range from black to white almost seamlessly and sell this was a huge shift for for the artists and the renaissance. and there is

a classically trained artist who painted a live size we creation of the sistine chapel for the motion picture angels and the . and how where these oils may. well they were ground up pigments they could be anything from bones to dry possibly to accost famous ultra and blue that came from afghanistan that was so expensive that it cost more than actual gold in its own weight my god more than gold has it that. the fifteenth century the quatro cento was a an exciting time to be in florence it was a time of rebirth the renaissance the revival of the ancient world and the arts and science and literature and engineering here for example philippo brunelleschi used roman engineering to create this vast dome over

the dew moment the cathedral of florence while burlesque he was taking measurements of ancient temples and rome he had discovered that when you draw it as street or a building all the horizontal lines seem to converge to a common center what today we call the vanishing point. the lasky had discovered the laws of linear perspective it revolutionized the renaissance art suddenly painters could create in the allusion of three dimensional space as if the image they painted was a window on another world. you know for us it's almost impossible to imagine the impact of this innovation why because today we are surrounded by simulated emergency forward billboards television cinema they have conditioned our brain to interpret flat images

as three dimensional reality but in the middle ages men and women never had that experience before and so there must have been utterly amazed. by a painting like this one. the crucifixion by massager the first fresco in history to use linear perspective. people in those days was a lot of us some form of magic to see space weather was only a flat wall. there nado was also trained in the magic of linear perspective in the workshop of his master of akio and he too was amazed by the possibilities but as he began his first major painting they are now and i realized that linear perspective had one major drawback it tended to see by fall the figures and inhibit their expressive power in many

paintings the figures became like puppets fixed on a rigid grid ten years later leonardo would write how to give you figures a pleasing air. look about you. when you see a beautiful face remember its features and fix them in your mind. so what leonardo is saying is don't let geometry deprive your characters of feelings of emotions of psychological drama and the first bold attempt to do just that is a painting that hangs right here in the you feeds it called the adoration of the magic. unfortunately the monks who commissioned the panel weren't interested in moving the boundaries of italian art they simply wanted a pretty picture of the native any that people could recognize and worship. and so

the work was stopped and the painting remained done finished it would take nearly two decades before layer nardo group realize his great vision he talked about wanting to create his work with fame you can see but unless these work of fame you can see done to tell of works of fame and he wanted to create his own and so his destiny he felt he lay with a large a large court with a grand patron and a single person who was going to be writing the checks and that happened to be at the most powerful man in italy many the fourteen eighties and for the ninety's was the duke of milan lot of equals for and so that's why he went north in fourteen eighty two to begin working for someone who is in effect a prince and not just a group of monks that's why a layman are decided to turn his back on the forums and that's why he came here and milan filled with ambition not as an artist but as an engineer

a military engineer he even prepared and then press a pitch for the job that catalogue all of us military towns. methods for destroying every fortress or stronghold and that's built on a rock. i can also design different types of can which we heard still needs. like a hail storm. lunardi those hopes came to light it took several years for a joke ludovico to finally notice the florentine artist but the project he gave him a huge equestrian statue ended in failure the only thing that remains of this massive project are his studies. live in arthur was ready to tackle the

greatest most ambitious. composition of his young career a series of thirteen live sized portraits of men seated at a table for a wall in milan. how did the last supper project come about and who asked leonardo de painted. this becomes a surprise when he really don't know what we need to know is that the jukes for tended to favor home grown artists like giovanna don't want to follow that may not have been particularly in the maginot but they delivered their work on time and on budget like this fresco of st peter bartter. what we do know is that the joke had chosen this church to become the pantheon of his dynasty . actually it was part of

a dominican convent and the abbot white away saw as opportunity so he asked the joke if he would build him a newer factory a place to have meals for the monks complete with frescos. a refectory was usually decorated with two paintings a last supper and a crucifixion of christ. the last supper illustrated the institution of the eucharist. whereas the crucifixion depicted the redemption of mankind to the suffering of jesus the two condor points of christian theology. the most important for us go destined for the south wall was the crucifixion of christ this did you gave to giovanni dum want to fun know whose family had been working in the cathedral of milan for many decades. little

or who was going to paint the north wall. lay not of the vinci up to this point but lay it out or had done other than the failed the question project and the two small portraits was the production of plays and masks for the entertainment of the jucundus court was he truly going to be given this monumental fresco but laid out a was in effect the special effects man for the duke and so i guess we would think of him as a sort of a combination set designer costume designer and special effects person for these spectaculars that lot of a cord have staged maybe a couple of times a year in the lion. that is why little nordo was determined that with this fresco he was going to come ashore the moment.

and they probably would have been expecting that he would have done a last supper akin to all of those that have been done primarily in florence in tuscany sienna for the previous two hundred years but of course he did something quite different that archetype showed christ breaking bread thus establishing the first eucharist but like a skilled film director leonardo picked a far more dramatic see the moment when jesus the claires that one of the men in the. whom is a traitor. that news literally explodes from the center and hits the apostles and various poses of shock disbelief sorrow even anger the full panoply of human emotions is laid bare the same idea that had galvanized his adoration of the manager some twenty five years earlier. in order wanted action

and then he also wanted the emotion and the dramatic intensity of what happened in in those seconds in jerusalem and that of course is one of the magnificent things about the painting he brings that to life and we see that and instantly i think we can understand what's happening there is that hold for techs of human drama that's right where everyone is reacting differently they're asking each other there's even credulity there's disbelief there's anger there is in the cases i like st john he just appears to be coming awake and there's being interrogated by st peter and so he does he takes each each of these twelve and gives them. some characteristics some you know a facial expression hand gestures things like that in order to take us into the character but here is the great tragedy most of these beautiful expressions are no longer visible today and s.m.l. is not it had been all kinds of the me and a famous casket. on the pitch upon

a technique because you had an end up at the end of that a feisty book express you the neck blocked it out wasn't that still too sad specially don't add on i send that into. unlike months of fun oh who used conventional fresco techniques leonardo could not resist experimenting with his pigments to try to create the same optical effects that he a pioneered with his oil paintings the result was catastrophic. i think the thing that's so interesting about him is that he's got different intellectual interests and so he's trying to achieve different goals with paint but he's asking different questions of them larry keith is the head of conservation and keeper at london's national gallery but also i think he really was in sydney and exploring nuances of tonal british and all those kinds of distinctions that i think are

really not possible to achieve in france. in fifteen seventeen influential cardinal named luigi dada go on and his secretary and tony oh debbie optus went on a tour and among others visited the convent in milan to see the last supper. as the b. artist would write it is most excellent although it is beginning to decay either because of the down most of the wall or some other form of the play. in the centuries since the first go continue to deteriorate. because it was a joining a kitchen so all the moisture was trapped in the wall. in the end there's really no way to know what leonardi great masterpiece looked like. or is there.

long before until new year's visit another even more distinguished visitor came to milan with an army into this was the newly crowned king of friends louis de twelve just one year after his elevation the king marched on malone to claim the city as his home. and what was the first thing that king louis did after he set himself up here and this tell us fourth or the answer is in the book written by lay on our toes first biographer george of us. as for sari says the king went on a visit he went to see the last supper. i think it was deeply pressed by the excellence of this picture both in composition and execution and he convinced that

he should take it back to his king so he tried to find haka techs who could build a framework of wood and i have to safely transport the frescoes back to france with the regard for expense so much to he want to have it. but since it was painted on a war his majesty could not have his design. but kings aren't used to being told what they cannot have and so louis decided on an even bigger gambit but for that he needed léonard of himself at least that's our theory. even though leonardo was in milan he was wanted back in florence to finish another fresco the battle of and beyond and the whole of the five hundred of the dulles seniority so he wasn't in a position to stay in amman and do whatever the king had in mind for him but then

something extraordinary something that changed everything. this is the arche view adela's thought of the feet hands of the state archives of forms but documents that go back over a thousand years and here we found a truly remarkable letter if they left it at the elysian if they call it a chase him up a lesson yet if you didn't think in the attic with dorothy she gently najar me little question to say it then here is a letter from the french king himself king louis the twelfth to the consul of the year the president of the french republic the signoria asking as we have need of must. be painted to the city of florence and want to make him do something by his own hand we beg you to kindly let laon out all work for us for a period of time and carry out the work we tend here to do.

i think it's becoming clear what the french king once lived in order to do if he can have the fresh school itself he will have the next best thing a copy on canvas that he can take back to france. and what's interesting about is that the king doesn't tell the signoria what he would like him to do he is very cagey about it the king doesn't say how long because if our theory is correct and he wants leonardo to make a copy of the last supper that would take. a very long time indeed. the idea of such a live sized copy was not far fetched later nardo was arguably one of the first painters in history who used his studio to make copies of his own works for sale such as divergent of the rocks painted with his associate umbrella joe depleted

he's. the madonna of the yarn winder possibly painted with his pupil francesco spaniel the st m. painted with his assistant mel c. and of course the mona lisa painted by his pupil and close companion solomon. there was a good reason for that here in the sometime early in of elena and i had a large studio with lots of assistance but he worked very slowly and it's difficult to maintain a large studio when you have a very limited output but it's not so hard if you use your best assistants to make copies of your works for sale under the master's supervision of course so what happened to this copy of the last supper. who painted it and doesn't still exist there's only one way to find out and that is to go to france.

today we think of paris as the world's epicenter of our culture and fashion this is where the world kongs for beauty and refinement but in the sixteenth century things for very different. people sometimes forget that but in the middle ages it was actually burgundy. which dictated french culture not just an art but also in poetry and music and then came discourage the black plague and the hundred years war in which joan of arc would play such an important part.

so by the time when the twelfth came to the throne france was a mere shadow of its former self and louis was very much aware that. he knew that french artists needed to take their cue from the italian renaissance. and i think that's why he was so incredibly keen to get the last supper into french . but if that's true and if a lot of sides copy of the last supper was actually made where did it go the answer i think maybe hidden behind these walls this is the shuttle did got you which once served as the resident. of just done was. done was worth the most important member besides the king with the twelve a sort of prime minister with john on the line to find that it was us policy. yeah

. like his master king louis dumb ones was deeply smitten with the beauty of italian art he decided he wanted to build a chateau that was entirely in the renaissance time the first one in france and so he brought back scores of italian artists and masons to do just that. but it took an artist twenty fifth to sculpt this on all three. felt twenty five and the rest was. various light. the pupil of nero to do that she came here there and what do you do lots of things to dicker wait out yourself in front of the most beautiful shot of the sixty's and to reinforce. the fact that. one of leone are those leading pupils was working in this chateau around fifteen zero nine may be

the missing piece of the puzzle. unfortunately the chapel and much of the shuttle were destroyed in the french revolution and the term world of fall of one work that andrea painted for the shadow still exists a deposition from the cross which today hangs in the. sun trust ilario what we know of him is that paul was from a family of artists we think he was probably what in venice in a period when you know out of his very first in line and so he wasn't there with and right from the beginning and around forty nine to five public came back from bennett's team on with his brother christopher which is of course exactly the moment when they're not is beginning to work on. fast day if that's true then celerity zero must have been present as the great francisco of the last supper took

shape on the refectory wall and since he was one of léonard those most talented pupils could he have been the one who painted the copy for the french king in the archives of the château we find a key piece of evidence an inventory of all property including paintings from the fifteen forties one of these paintings is no sin fact on glum persona the film will say your feast up r.t.d. below a lance supper on canvas with monumental figures which his grace had brought over from malone. could this be our first hard piece of evidence of a live size copy of the last supper on gone past on ours with monumental figures. put this together with what we know that andreas alarie was in guy you know in fifteen zero nine and the pieces begin to fall into place.

there is little doubt that solaria was a favorite of the dumb was family and fifteen zero seven even painted a portrait of george's nephew charlotte dumb ones charlotte was none other than the governor of milan at that time but given the short time frame in which the copy was finished between fifteen zero seven and fifteen zero nine is likely that not only so lottery zero but also other labor nordo pupils were involved including for example jump. but here's the next question where is this campus after all if it's as big as we think it is it's not something you would lose very easily. and that's why we find ourselves on the train to antwerp envelops him to follow the next trail of clues.

we usually think of and for prez the city of rubens painter of the baroque but even in the early renaissance and for was a very important city primarily because of sort of those that major port in the low countries. the thing started to change in the early sixteenth century primarily as a result of the growing tensions between the protestant north and the catholic south which ultimately produced the eighty years war. this is when the catholic church looked for every which way to defend to faith in the low countries and founded in this ad the advent of total. you. know what i think is so interesting is that dutch calvinism rejected all forms of

religious imagery paintings sculpture even stained glass it was all torn down and destroyed i think that's why the abbot of total world decided he should get the biggest painting of christ in his apostles he could find to deter the north and give a boost to the catholic faithful in the sun. reportedly this painting needs to exist in this small chapel on the grounds of this very calm. and. oh my god. there it is again yes but the main thing we've been looking for all these weeks. it is magnificent.

so the painting was brought to bear and just in that specific moment the abbot of tongue good little has asked somebody to look after the beautiful you'll should great. painting religion spain for the new abbey church he wrote a letter to the abbot to discuss the last supper of leonardo da vinci it was sold on the second of february in fifty hundred forty five it's oh the painting was actually presented and sold. a product of lived out a living just painted by leo a lot of the while it was in those days it was not that important but probably. ninety percent of the painting as the work of. the disciples pupils of

gina tell me about this theory of who painted christ and saying just well. you know but i'll be. eighty who has been restoring for twenty two years the original fresco in milan. she said to this is a work of a goof. off you pupils disciples of da vinci but he said i'm convinced that christ is and especially also the apostle of sin john your favorite model of i think she has been painted by himself by a lot of them yeah. why is that it's but it's a quality the quality of your when you look at a painting you'll see that in john this. is a very nice it's exceptional quality and very very about my day also

made x. ray some twenty years ago in the. under dade yeah boston schedule exact same town christ you're telling me that there are there is an under drawing under all of the apostles yeah except for john and cross that is painted directly on the campus that was that has held off. of the x. rays that is an astonishing discovery. so we might conclude that even though the apostles may have been painted by his pupils and living perhaps andrea celerity that lay not to himself painted christ and since the most important figures on the last supper paid yeah yeah and that was so it's they both to painting ass a work. that's fascinating it's fantasy it is a beautiful work but is this the painting that king louis to twelve ordered from

leonardo in fifteen zero seven and that hundred or so laurie you brought to france and fifty nine. fortunately the abbey has an extensive hard time going back many hundreds of years and here we find in this polish in eyewitness account. that for the same core hunt and jewel it is said that the painting is made after an original painted on a wall that is now in bad past. when the king of france who conquered milan saw the painting he was very disappointed that he could not take it with him since it was painted a whole wall and so he gave the order to have a copy made and that's the copy that hangs in the choir today so what we have here is an eyewitness document from the sixteenth century that confirms our theory that louis did twelfth order

a copy of the last supper from leonardo da vinci and the. this painting now hangs on the wall of this beautiful abbey in belgium. but then the plot thickens once more as we saw such a large canvas could not have been painted by just one artist such a small time frame so who would have painted over ben and various solaria the most likely candidate is of italian artist called jump your team for as we will discover in london he went on to make a second call. for two hundred fifty years the royal academy of burlington house in london this been training generations of british artists by drawing inspiration from the work of the great masters. so we're sitting here in the library which very much relates to the

training of the artists these were all what we call back to real through artist inspire them for them to look at when did the world academy acquire the copy of the last supper and why did they acquire so it was eight hundred twenty one the academy bullshit the six hundred guineas which then was a lot of money as a sort of comparison in a few twenty the national gallery for every real titian just over three hundred pounds so to spend six hundred pounds on what was a copy was an immense amount of money so they had to gather all the artists together they all had to vote on it and agreed that this was a good purchase it was this extraordinary example of leonardo's work i mean it's a coffee i think it was seen as a real window into the sort of achievements of leonardo and to have in the schools for the artist the students to look at was with an amazing there's

a night by leonardo that refers to a john kept out of what we think is probably the same person and. we know that a figure more or less of this name is working in milan from at least around fifteen zero seven so in that second period after leonardo has been back to florence and has then returned to milan and would you agree that he's probably the one of the principal or the coffee of the world yes so that's very much the current line of thinking although he has recently going back to the technical drawings underpinning this work and has a few technical analysis of the under drawings of the work has asserted that in fact it's probably all tracking his hand initially and then jump coming in as a secondary hand. if it's true that jump you three know worked on both the tunnel over asia and then later around fifteen twenty on this copy it would seem that between these two paintings we would have

a very accurate sense of what the original fresco once looked like. i think the scale of it is it does appear to be very very close to the original answer me means that we we can investigate further find the very place the original book traffic and champion train obviously had access to be an art is foreign with cartoons and that i think with possibly evidence that there may have been some pretty outof tracing all you know from these original cartoon and say you know this is really interesting that the basis maybe even closer than we originally thought. not that we found not one but two live sized versions of the last supper by a later naro and his top pupils do we have a long last have a key to see what the fresco and milan truly look like. the last

supper a painting that would go on to transform the course of western art could anyone in the forty nine years haven't dissipated the tremendous impact that this fresco would have he would have been told by the lot of eco and the trier of century deliberately to a last supper and they probably would have expected that he would have done the last supper akin to all of those that have been done primarily in florence in tuscany sienna for the previous two hundred years but later of course did not work like that and he did say that the way to make a painting was not to look at other paintings it was to look at real life so i think what he wanted to do and why he thought viable was find the drama in the story was almost like he. was the director of a film that he was given the brief this is the film you're going to make we're going to make a film of the last supper. wanted action and he also wanted the emotion and the

dramatic intensity of what happened in those seconds in jerusalem and that of course is one of the magnificent things about the painting that he brings that to life and we see that and instantly i think we can understand what's happening there three paintings and yet one vision a vision of the picturing the most familiar scene from the gospels in a way that had never been done before. and now we know what that original vision once looked like thanks to a canvas and a remote convent involved. of course in the years to come the high renaissance would produce some of the most memorable frescoes in history including rafał stones and the vatican and michelangelo's immortal ceiling of the sistine chapel but all that incredible realisable that monumental grasp of the human figure first started

with a fresh skull on the wall of a refactoring in the long. reliable data. use distance for the classic status. of the most vicious.

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