all right. thank you got you can always get news on the go to just download from google play from the app store apple get you access to all the latest news from around the world as well as push notifications for any breaking news and you can also use the new app to send us your photo editing area. you're watching news coming up next the date of the documentary but renesas fact that i'll be back at the top of the hour thanks so much for watching. shifting powers the old order is history the world is real you know is in itself and the media's role to keep the topic in focus of the global media forum twenty nine change today one out of two people is online who are we following them do we trust the beijing ship the future at the georgia dome or global media for twenty

min to. meet. the missing pieces basilica and the vatican city and run the cathedral on same piece a square is a magnificent edifice capped with larger than life statues of the apostles. and. it's the most impressive monument of the renaissance with carbonates reminiscent of the temples of antiquity. same pieces is the largest church in the world yes its construction would have been impossible just a few generations before. no one had the knowledge of mathematics physics and structural engineering needed to plan and organize such a vast project. then

in the mid sixteenth century artists and scholars stepped onto the stage and managed to do things that it seemed impossible for the previous thousand years. within just four generations they've created the knowledge necessary to carry out most of projects such as st peter's. europe was transformed under the influence of individuals like michelangelo bureaucracy men of extraordinary accomplishment and versatility who found ways to bring seemingly impossible ideas to knowledge. very chiefland still resonate today. but how did they do it what was the secret of an age when the world seemed to undergo a paradigm shift in the age of the renaissance.

rome fifteen forty seven that's one man stood out above all michelangelo buner rossi project manager architect and artist on the construction site for st peter's . although he was in his early seventy's by this time he was still driven by ambition . michelangelo was a painter sculptor and architect a scientist iconoclast and a genius but we now refer to as a renaissance man. man one of his words would become the icon of an entire era.

if he's going to cut. off one bit. of. the subtle michelangelo's david is perhaps the best known sculpture in history. to men like michelangelo with the managers of an era in which culture knowledge and technology developed at near liking speed. florence to fifteen zero one michelangelo astonished his contemporaries with works that seemed to border on the miraculous he set out to carve david from a twelve ton flock of model feet at which two sculptors before him had failed. michelangelo became obsessed with the undertaking and spent three years working nonstop on the five meter tools stretching the first monumental sculpture of the hi renee silence.

from the cumbersome block of marble michelangelo's hammer and chisel revealed a human stick in the palm civet. in your hand it's saul's in. the image of mankind changed in the renaissance. pope innocent the third set at the end of the twelfth century that man was rottenness formed of slime and ashes a contemptible creature in the medieval belief that the sinful nature of man was visible in his appearance. in the ring the renaissance we can see how this pessimistic view had become tiresome the idea arose that man was almost like god or man was god's creation endowed with reason with strength and created in his image man could almost become a god. some ten years after he completed david

michelangelo finished his figure of moses for the tomb of pope julius the second. larger than life this moses is an angry prophet with bulging veins and a fearsome visage the way gods were depicted in the ancient world. michelangelo may have learned from the masters of antiquity but he didn't copy them . the renaissance was more than just the rebirth of antiquity. men like michelangelo created something neat they took the techniques and art of the ancient greeks and romans and developed them further. than this also you won't find a single artwork of the renaissance that simply copies an answer to. the crucial thing is that the renaissance didn't just rediscover the critical spirit of the greeks for example they didn't just grapple with the science and scholarship of

antiquity it developed everything further it invented completely new things and toppled the ancient giants who had originally been its teachers. but primavera one of the best known works of renaissance art. raphael school of athens glorified ancient thought. and leonardo da vinci's mona lisa. for more than a thousand years the skill of realistically capturing the three dimensional world on a flat canvas had been forgotten the renaissance rediscovered perspective. it was a quantum leap for architecture which took its inspiration from the symmetry of the great buildings of the ancient world. the art of building huge dome stretches had. fallen into oblivion in the middle ages and was

rediscovered in the renaissance. but the renaissance didn't limit itself to. the invention of double entry bookkeeping also meant that men of business now knew what funds they had available the suggest fortunes of the newly wealthy flowed into the pockets of the era's artists. it was like an investment program for scholars and artists never before had so much been invented or devised in such a short period of time. new mechanical machines were created. and the human machine was researched in increasing detail the study of anatomy reached a peak. the first pocket size timepieces were invented this also made it possible to track the orbits of planets and the movements of celestial bodies. as the

heavens guided seafarers adventurous discovered new trade routes the known world tripled in size. it's good for friends you can go after in person probably no place anywhere in the world where so much was discussed in one big conversation involving such a large number of participants. where things were invented in such quick succession the printing triggered a huge discourse that captivated large parts of the population. elite scholars and clerics to of course ago exchanged ideas and so invented groundbreaking new things more useful. that what was the impetus for this exceptional period of history. what were the ingredients in this explosive developments how could men like michelangelo suddenly reacquire knowledge and techniques that had been lost for centuries.

let's look back to rome in the first century. that the romans were capable of constructing buildings like st peter's as seen in the roman forum the power center of an empire that ruled the western world. rome exploited its way of life to its full of those provinces it dictated the arts culture and architecture of an entire era. at a time rome was home to a million people twenty times more than one of the largest cities of the renaissance london. but rome is dominance was built on the oppression of millions of slaves entire peoples were subjugated.

for centuries the roman military machine succeeded in holding the impiety gether. but at some point about their eons gained the upper hand the germanic tribes the goths and the vandals. in the fifth century the western empire ceased to exist. roma couple monday once the capital of the world and home to a million people fell into decay and the dark ages began. much of the knowledge of antiquity was lost in all areas but particularly in engineering architecture mathematics and physics. the ruins of the ancient world were plundered for building materials. just

a few generations after rome fell no one was capable of creating anything remotely comparable. in the year three hundred thirty the roman emperor constantine had moved his capital to the prosperous and what is now turkey naming it constantinople in his own ana. after that the empire split into an eastern and western. the eastern roman empire also known as byzantium endured until the fifteenth century constantinople was the second row home to more than half a million people who call themselves. roman. the byzantine emperor as saw themselves as descendants of seas and augustus while it's patriarch was head of the orthodox christian. constantinople also became the repository of ancient wisdom. it scholars were leading figures in every field.

am. the rome of the east was the ball work of antiquity in the medieval world. no one had been able to conquer the city on the prosperous. but one seventh of its population were merchants from january and the republic of venice known as latins this affluent minority had a reputation for arrogance and belligerence and were unpopular with the eastern romans. in only eleven seventy one riots broke out in paris the generals course and. the emperor man who were the first accused the venetians of causing the trouble. finishing merchants were imprisoned and their possessions confiscated. and.

then is tried to defend its people to no avail. it was the start of a conflict that was to last for decades and ultimately end in disaster for constantinople. the friendship culminated in what history cools the full crusade. this wasn't a crusade against people of a different faith but a catholic war against also ducks christians. the crusaders laid siege to constantinople and on the night of the twelfth of april fool broke through its defenses. for three days they plundered the city abusing raping and killing many of its residents. it's also all of the collapse of byzantium its defeat by the west during the fourth

crusade and its subjugation by the ottoman empire all played a major role in the development of the renaissance. few think in the year after now many scholars fled to italy taking manuscripts with them and trying to instil new values and ideas into a culture they still saw as barbaric no gave an unprecedented boost to innovation to bring about. the libraries of constantinople will repeat with traces of immeasurable worth the collective knowledge of antiquity. as hundreds of scholars and artists the advance of the ottoman turks they took valuable books with them. chris lawrence was one of them

when the chancellor of florence offered him a chair at the university there he also sent him a wish list of ancient work. this exodus of scholars from is that reintroduced ancient techniques to the west marble sculptures took on a real movement and vitality unknown in the middle ages ancient frescoes inspired painters. long forgotten engineering techniques triggered a wave of technical innovation. ancient ideas about the movements of the heavenly bodies we're told one small. science especially mathematics and physics experienced an unexpected revival after centuries of oblivion. for the europeans learned from several civilisations they learned from

the greeks and romans the arabs the byzantine and also from the indians the arabic numeral system we use today actually came from india. but they didn't just copy they develop something new with what they had learned and disseminated these ideas through printing. there was an incredible flourishing of discussion and debate. before. florence in fourteen ten a city state with a population of fifty three. thousand the size of london and bursting with self-confidence. the italian says he was like the silicon valley of the renaissance a fount of knowledge and a meeting place for artists and scholars. the ambitious plans for the cathedral of maria belfiore were drawn up around thirteen hundred it was to be the largest church in kristen bigger and more

beautiful than the cathedrals of pisa sienna and milan. a hundred and fifty three meters long florence cathedral remains the fourth largest church in the world but back then it was number one. by the time it's forty five meter diameter dome was completed it set a world record george of azhari an artist and architect began work on the four thousand square metre fresco in its interior which was to rival michelangelo's last judgment. but bizarre is figures are not in the height of the. visitors below can barely see them. in fourteen eighteen more than one hundred years after its construction began the cathedral dome had not been built. and.

no one in the middle ages had the knowledge to solve the structural and technical problems. filippo burlesque took on the task. brunelleschi was an architect and sculptor as well as an engineer and an inventor. inspired by the ancient joes of the pantheon and i as a fia he had clear ideas about how to realize the ambitious project. he developed special cranes for the domes construction and new inventions that would revolutionize building methods. machines were a novelty of his era and were widely admired. the cable that lifted the blocks of stone was seven centimeters thick one hundred eighty meters long and wait for

time. later the builder would receive the exclusive rights to build a ship with a crane on it the first pate and industrial history filippo bringing leskie rediscovered perspective a technique largely forgotten since antiquity. it was a jew magical system that made it possible to depict three dimensional views realistically. using it you managed to put the building plans down on paper and render them visually comprehensible. it was the dawn of modern architecture. perspective drawing also inspired painters and their works took on a new release them. artistic view was on a journey to new worlds and renaissance paintings became more realistic than ever

before. the rediscovery of perspective drawing was a powerful engine of progress. the fashionable architects in italy's competing city states particularly in venice milan florence and pisa became some of the top earners of the renaissance. no longer nameless as they had been in the middle ages they were celebrated and pampered elites. venetia noble men spend fortunes on palaces and the new style. architect antonio container designed and built the bridge of sighs one of the most photographed motifs in the world. this new style of building became popular outside italy the city will in syria is the most a piece of the late renaissance one hundred years earlier the sculptor and builder

until an eastern man had built one of the most picturesque examples of italian renaissance village cern town hall in switzerland. the new style inspired by the buildings of the ancient world was characterized by symmetry and a clear system for the arrangement of columns arches and don't. architecture gardens and sculptures were designed as complete artistic ensembles the aim was to please the eye and please the people not praise god. in view simply medieval art was basically religious art that's all part evident. by the fact that we only know the names of a handful of the artists and although it was customary to assign individual works we often speak of the master of such and such whose name we don't even know and they're going to songs in the renaissance we see the creators of works being named words to built you from art and became free from religious motifs and turn towards

every day life. i put in i could also describe that everyday life more accurately think of perspective painting for example. art try to reflect everyday life in great detail but was extremely self-confident artists stepped up and made their demands on funding the powerful who in turn then courted them forgive me he can confuse you know michelangelo for example who would even dictate certain things to the pope pops' him to pick two you can come. in thirteen forty seven the black death spread out in europe. bubonic plague killed almost tough the english population within just seven months and at least a third of the population of europe in the next four years. millions

perished. it was the most horrific epidemic in european history and it changed everything ultimately even people themselves. so soon it was clean mark it might sound cynical but the plague didn't just have a negative effect on the culture of the renaissance and the arts and. by the wealth of the dead was concentrated in the hands of the survivors and. those who survived the sol life with completely different eyes. some must have said let's enjoy our days and spend them in the best way possible. maybe they wanted to surround themselves with beautiful art. and others would have wanted to square their accounts with god and do something for the well being of their souls like maybe who built an entire church. at

a fundamental influence on people's attitude to life. and. the imperative of the renaissance was live this life and enjoy it. written songs it was a complete apart from the art of the middle ages nude bodies everywhere beautiful people enmeshed in a delicate landscapes opened. in michelangelo's last judgment the heavenly host the show needed in great anatomical detail it was a revolution. the plague ravage florence only a fifth of the city's population survived the black death. it also changed how wealth was distributed and led to the rise of

a new elite tycoons who became unimaginably rich. families like the maid ichi were merchants and bank his people who had been held in contempt by the feudal society of the middle ages no they were the ones in charge. let's go back to the year fourteen twenty five and the sculptor done a tenner. his patron cause imma made it he was the first great sponsor of the arts. he was a wealthy banker and a shrewd strategist who employed almost mafia like methods. he was one of the richest men of his day and his money fueled the development of art and architecture in florence. it provided the spark that ignited the italian renaissance. but his success would never

have been possible without a seemingly minor invention that revolutionized banking. double entry bookkeeping was the simple financial instrument that involved keeping a credit account showing income and it davis account without going payments. the first complete double entry bookkeeping system can be traced back to thirteen forty alleges from genoa showing government income and expenditure. double interest bookkeeping showed account holders how much capital they had on hand allowing them greater overview and control of their finances. global players they issued loans and signed secured credit notes for travelers that could be cashed in many countries the precursor to today's traveler's checks.

and huge sums and spend them again by the time he died he spent six hundred thousand florins equivalent to more than a quarter of a billion euros on taxes donations to the needy on buildings and on alt. host of writers scholars artists and architects were dependent on his money and they repaid him in p.u.c. . palace is a glorious stage of renaissance art it's hard to believe that cousin or instructed the architect not to make it too magnificent as he didn't want to rouse the envy of the other patrician families. committee choose also invested in this

spiritual well being they donated money for a new church. not ends up. causing a demented she supported artists careers and spawned something that had not existed before the celebrity. and this celebrity arose in a sort of intellectual hothouse in a market full of competition where humanists intellectuals creatives and artists of all kinds were supported and often very well paid by patrons. these patrons in turn hope these artists would bring their courts greater fame and status one of your clients from your group from. painters and sculptors purple they soon became just as important as skill. in this very competitive arena they acquired fame and status and we still know their names today. but that also means the unrecognized

artist the suffering genius was a particularly frequent phenomenon. and it was on the. screen is. done a telephone was one of the first great celebrity artists of the renaissance. he was almost sixteen when it came to cousin murder with designs for his statue of david the boy who defeated. this his most significant work was also a brave one. because donna tell us david was naked. just a few generations earlier ancient statues were destroyed for showing nudity. those made on a teller was certainly aware of how revolutionary it once. david was the first life scientists sculpture of a new since antiquity. i'm just. unlike other cultures the renaissance didn't worry about depicting naked or semi-naked

bodies were passed mark but that was very significant for the development of medicine. you can't study anatomy if you can't depict naked bodies. and concentrate that was crucial to a different way of looking at people. didn't mind a person wasn't just animated by the spirits and guided by the stars. look he was a mechanically functioning machine an organism or you know and organisms. what was also unusual was this interpretation. done a tennis david is not a muscular adult but a youth with a rather feminine appearance. and he is fascinatingly lifelike. but where did on a tele get his knowledge of the human body. with the enthusiasm of the early renaissance for all things classical interest in anatomy was growing as

well. almost all the artists sculptors and painters of the renaissance would have studied human anatomy if only from books and drawing. there was a flourishing trade in fresh corpses it was illegal in many places and punishment for this crime was often draconian but curiosity often triumphed over fear. didn't tell a quite possibly deceptive course as to us did. michelangelo and leonardo da vinci one or two generations later. but even indiana tellers time in the early renaissance artists were very familiar with the structure of the human body which allowed them to create new very lifelike depictions of people. many liked and italo were either artistically talented scholars all scholarly artists. as fate would have it done to tell it was interpretation of the old testament hero

didn't achieve the same popularity as another sculpture of the renaissance one that was also created in florence. at five meters tall michelangelo's david is a monumental statue. half a century after dinner tello it symbolized the self-confidence of the new renaissance man. if i'm going to say explodes the thing about the renaissance was that people became aware of their abilities and strengths in a new way before. they unleashed an incredible energy in their thinking and actions in business and technology. of there was an outpouring of self-confidence and. mentoring that before sent. in the middle ages nearly everyone was illiterate the few who could read and write with from

wealthy a family all men and women of the church. the people who may need or owned books looked after them like treasures. a copyist might only produce ten to fifteen volumes and an entire lifetime which made the books incredibly valuable. but that was about to change and takes and to obtain a lovely kodak such as a bible for example you would have to slaughter an entire flock of sheep and that was expensive. but suddenly books could be had for a little money and reading became democratic with that knowledge became accessible to larger numbers of people. more and more people were able to participate in scholarly discussions about new ideas. since that's the only way we can explain how europe became the continent of innovation more so than any other.

and see this unbelievably. this gripes of the church hadn't just copied works they'd also change them and falsified sources claiming their interview taishan as the word of god. that gave them great power. but the renaissance broke them in openly our knowledge one of the most important bastions of the church . was introduced and it's an awareness of sources. and the truth grew not least because these sources were now accessible and people started analyzing them using classical techniques techniques used in antiquity. the traditional myths propagated by the church simply one accepted anymore. fifty. printing. invention may have been the most significant one in

a thousand years and yet we don't know what he looked like. his achievement was to combine existing methods of reproduction and printing into a single system. the handheld cost was the key to his printing press. has to be cast individually more quickly and with greater precision. this mark the invention of modern printing. it was also the dawn of mass communication. information became more widely available opening the door to new opinions and perspectives. information also became valued in new ways as the printed word took precedence over traditions.

printing was of truly enormous significance and gutenberg is the person who did the most important thing in a thousand years of world history reading became increasingly widespread. the great scientific innovations and the great religious revolution the reformation wouldn't have been possible without printing. the first sixty years after the invention of printing the publication of four hundred different binocular editions of the bible . at the same time the number of people who could read and write grew. more and more people now have direct and immediate access to biblical texts to the word of god. the people of the renaissance felt close to god they felt they were becoming god like themselves and they would have said that in the middle ages it would have been considered blasphemous people refer to the bible and call themselves god's creations god made us in his image were almost gods in

miniature god came closer to people in the renaissance than he ever was in the middle ages. but it wasn't that made up the bulk of the printing business. and. now even ordinary people could print a pamphlet. sensations of. religious instruction and political and military propaganda. they could be an invitation and opinion. just like today's social media networks they served as a vehicle for the. opinion. through

. the renaissance had fly sheets it had literature that was printed and spread very quickly it could be printed in tomorrow and in today's time would be. information disseminated more quickly and was much harder to control too. and the censorship of the church that dictated what was right didn't work anymore once the circulating. understand the huge boom in free thinking in the renaissance if you look at the media and the fly sheets in particular. the. communication helped create that new type of individual the celebrity. joshi of us ari who had painted the frescos from the florence cathedral dome was also a biographer of the most dazzling personalities of his time the artist.

desirea also produced portraits of raphael and michelangelo but he was particularly taken with leonardo da vinci you know that it was unconventional and wasn't afraid to acknowledge his homosexuality. he was remarkably creative and talented but also rather vain. the story was the first to coin the term rhenish renaissance. in doubt his subjects with your of that made them stance the shining lights of society. and he created an image of the artist that hadn't existed before. the most artists were craftsmen. that's how they saw themselves and that's how others saw. mazhar it created the image of the genius the strange crazy man the artist in thrall to ideas painted a picture of an artist that seems strangely familiar today in fact he created the

modern artist. the painter holbein was the first to paint a portrait of his family. star paint his body cheney and tear her even painted themselves the south push it became the expression of a new self-confidence. and then finally rough alun titian the first painters to sign their paintings a further step toward celebrity. the great names in art suddenly became world famous one hundred years earlier it would have been unthinkable. the towering figures of renaissance art first and foremost leonardo da vinci and michaelangelo with feted invited to court and paid handsomely. in thirteen hundred phoenician glassblowers in. entered the convex mirror its importance is widely underestimated compared with what had come before its reflection was bright and almost free of distortion. most people in the middle ages had only seen their faces

as blurry reflections involution. the glass mirror meant people could really see themselves clearly for the first time. maybe that's why they were more self-confident the limited evil ancestors. of self-confidence and pride in personal achievements would no longer seen as sinful. humility was out of step with the times. a person who held his head high and walk tall in the presence of god or a reason as a special gift from god those were the new values. as a result of humility became less important as humans we're capable of work and god wants us to use our gifts in the world. order through the trust can onto.

what was the secrets of the great renaissance artists this immense flourishing of creativity remains a mystery but there charisma india's to this day. a goal for the town under threat. to. a downside is a. move. to climate change and industrialization have battered

barn incentives a web documentary shows how local people have been affected. in such. some time in the twenty six to. my great granddaughter. the world be like in your life time in around half a century. your world around two degrees warmer. inevitably sea levels rise by at least one century. rumored to have some climate impacts maternal greater than. it's really frightening . place.

why aren't people more concerned. little yellow birds shorts may thirty first w. this is d w news alive from a divisive and one suspect general election instate many voters a still undecided even as they go to the polls no policy is expected to win a majority and the far right looks set to enter parliament for the first time in decades also coming up the deadly force of the shoreline the bombings new footage images sharing the moment one of the blast hit the country cremains on edge one week on ferry.