found our project. for. sixty minutes on d w. t take it personally. with the wonderful people once to make the game so special. for all true for. more than for online. hello and welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. coming up. breastfeeding nursing doesn't just protect babies but mothers as well. motivating a teacher from germany on

a nasa exhibition get his class on board. and inspiring at sixteen ballance less than ideal for pinning a few ocean now his project has been launched. but first let's take a detour into the animal kingdom everyone knows that elephants interact in complex ways in the head but other species have fascinating social lives as well. chickens for example can recognize over a hundred other birds in their flock and mice often grow up in social nests corporation brings many advantages especially for the weekend members of the group . when white stalks head to their winter quarters they fly together in large groups the ones who spend the summer on a lake constance on the swiss german border set off for spain some fly no farther.

winter there are landfill sites after a trip of about nine hundred kilometers. others keep going and fly three and a half thousand kilometers to west africa how come what determines who goes where. biologist and they are flock is the first scientists do have researched this question in any depth and it had only meant undeserved no one had looked into it yet because it's really difficult to gather precise data on the behavior of groups of wild animals. stalks are quite quite you can't get close and stare at them and how can you observe in detail vast flocks on the way dr flock found a way in twenty four team she equipped sixty stalks with tracking devices and accelerometers and hope that some of these individuals would end up flying together . she's about to introduce us to one of those sixty birds who has a distinctive manner of flying. past their

fire a bell. she's on the right when she demonstrates what flak finds interesting about her she's not a champion flyer the other one overtakes her with means. you have bare mirabelle authority mediocre a flying doesn't matter much in everyday life but when they migrated she struggled to keep up with the others that. mirabelle flaps her wings a lot while the other one coast smooth sailing. hypothesis was that the good flyers who travel fast head for africa and the slower ones who flop a lot only make it to spain. data from the accelerometers let the researchers know if the stalks are gliding or flapping. it takes a lot of energy to flap their wings gliding is pretty much effortless. but that's only an option where there are a thermal zob. bateese occurrence of rising warm air.

all the birds have to do then is spread their wings and be carried upward in a wide spiral. the updraft becomes weaker the higher they go then a coast to the next flapping their wings as little as possible to conserve energy. but how do they find the thermals does each individual bird look for them or does a group follow the lead of specialist scouts who go exploring to find the updrafts . as luck would have it twenty seven of the sixty stalks being studied did form a group. flock and her colleague martin knowledge analyze the data from the tracking devices and determine that there are indeed leaders and followers within a group the leaders are martin blue they're experts at coasting and so high on the thermals among the followers is mirabelle she doesn't fly so high and she follows

the leaders. as we were surprised that the slower birds at the rear make use of information provided by the ones at the front they watch how the leaders are flying so they can steer a better course through the thermals. these were groundbreaking research findings. to keep up with the leaders even the followers have to be quite fast. it's clear that not all stores have the same flying skills. some started practice at a very early age. prefer to lounge in their nests and where it turns out are more likely to be merely average performers on the wing like our poor mirabelle she has to work really hard to keep up. many posters have followers flap their wings a lot they expend

a lot of energy meaning they have to work harder as they migrate so they can travel such a great distance they tend to stop in spain and go no further while the others carry on to africa africa. the experts on the long haul flight glide most of the way and expend as little energy doing that as if they were standing on their nests. the results of this research project are so rich that it's not possible to predict the destination of any given bird. because in the we've seen these behavioral strategies are so important that shortly after they take off we can already tell how far bird will go yes we only have to observe the first five minutes of flight to know if it will migrate to africa or only to spain. what about our friend mir about she called it

a day in northern spain and winter on a landfill site. stalks returned to northern europe every year after chilling in the sunny cell phone line months is that perhaps at the root of the myth that stalks deliver babies another theory has it that stalks confuse them with their favorite food frogs really. mother would certainly disagree. they only ever see the best in their babies. and when nursing they produce the best possible nourishment milk that researchers have discovered is tailored to meet their child's needs. it's instinctual shortly after birth a baby will move towards its mother's breast in search of milk and latch on to her . ideally the first breastfeeding session should take place within an hour of delivering hormones are stimulated in response to the baby sucking that regulate

the release of milk. is just five months old and is being exclusively breastfed by his mother ricardo. it's free it's always arrives at the right temperature it's always hygienic i always have it with me i can't forget it i'm fossil and the medical emotional aspects were really important to me and harvesting . breastfeeding has a lot of advantages not just for the baby but for the mother too it's nature's ingenious invention a mother's milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby against infection on a long term basis. biased as i think invest so much with an infant that has been exclusively breastfed even if it's for just three months has had as many middle ear infections as a baby that hasn't been breastfed and respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are much less common among breastfed babies than babies who aren't being breast.

but is there something special about your own mother's breast milk human milk contains complex sugars called human milk oligosaccharides or h.m.o. those. and their composition differs from woman to woman and it changes over time. every mother creates these substances especially for her child there are hundreds of variations that also depend on the child's particular situation in life. and they protect the child from an infection by the bacteria and its own intestines. most bacteria and other germs can't cross the barrier of the intestinal wall themselves but need to be transferred by a receptor. these human all go sucker rides form a kind of protective wall and we believe that when a baby is sick the antibodies in the mother's milk change. it's not entirely clear

what the signaling pathways are this but we do know the immune composition of the breast no adjusts and responds. the nutritional composition of breast milk is also ideally adapted to the baby's needs as ricardo herself has experienced. sometimes the baby is just thirsty and breastmilk starts off being thinner more thirst quenching and with fewer found but when the baby is hungry they stay on longer for the milk that contains more facts and there's strong evidence that it's not just babies who benefit from breastfeeding. mentioned that many people don't realize that the mother also profits for example women who have breastfed have a reduced risk of getting breast cancer and ovarian cancer and type two diabetes is less common to. reduce risk of breast cancer why might that be. medical experts only discovered in recent years that breast milk contents

themselves these cells can develop in particular ways in accordance with what the body needs little is known about how they might affect the baby. we know from test tube experiments that to myself for example are changed or killed by the stem cells that can be want to spread nationwide women who have breastfed are less likely to get breast cancer. and also why breast fed babies have lower rates of certain childhood cancers because. the hormone oxytocin helps the mother's womb shrink after childbirth and it curb stress levels but that doesn't mean breastfeeding is always easy. in fact they actually at the beginning it was very difficult very painful it took me two months to get to a point where i felt comfortable with it. and that's

a really nice feeling if i find it physically very relaxing i can really let go. so i'm kind. as well as having a positive psychological effect on the mother towson is widely dubbed the bonding hormone because it strengthens emotional ties between mother and child. some studies suggest that breast milk might help reduce the risk of a child becoming overweight also later in life. these are breastfed babies learn how to determine for themselves when they're full and there's a link to the leptin that regulates upper targets later in life that seems to me and the hormone leptin is contained in breast milk. carton darwell look pretty satisfied with their milk.

from ghana. which my question is why are there some children resemble. the. order for them sometimes to be taken. it. costs all the time not to go to somebody you know it be. quite a question is. why is this. why do some children look like their parents and others don't. it used to be said that babies resemble their fathers scientists thought it had an evolutionary explanation that it was nature's way of confirming paternity and encouraging fathers to take care of their own children. but the latest research shows that babies don't necessarily resemble their fathers or their mothers for that matter. they do

use the world over look more like each other instead nature is made sure they look adorable. guys. and. that's how babies ensure a ready supply of adult caregivers. they're so cute even a stranger well cared for them if something happens to their parents. and what happens when children are adults sons tend to look more like their fathers sons daughters their mothers that's due to the effect of sex hormones. what about specific features like eye color. well if the father's eyes are brown and the mother is blue their children's eyes will probably be brown because brown eyes is a dominant trait. but sometimes children don't resemble their parents much at

all in the mix of the mothers and the fathers genes has millions of possible combinations. of nature enjoys variety so many babies resemble no one in particular only. themselves. if outlet is read write. anything you need to. do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out you send it to us as a video text over if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can just ask. find as i do w dot com slash science or drop us a line at d w underscore side take on facebook d w dot science. children learn best three play and good teachers know that italian ducked in the real montessori developed a method of education with the basic premise help me do it myself. there are no

limits to a child's imagination so topics involving space are always popular with the young. when she doesn't astronaut samantha christopher ready tapped into that with a fitness program for kids and she isn't the only educators here to get them involved in space. palmdale california. last evening approaches talk man prince and his three colleagues from southern germany are getting ready to leave for their first expedition into the night sky. that's good so we're ready to go when very excited and i hope it'll all go well. sophia the flying telescope is fully fueled all of the safety checks are done and

everything is ready for takeoff. twelve hours later we're visiting a physics class at a school in hanover. plains and students are waiting for news from nasa their video sculpting with their teacher in california. the teacher has just returned from his first flight on the repurposed boeing seven four seven which is now a flying telescope. his students are eager to hear more. on why did it feel like when you got on the saffir. good question it was

very exciting we had to put on headphones because it's very loud on board it's not soundproofed in there we were pretty excited i have to say. the sophia aircraft was fitted with an infrared telescope you can observe the birth of stars and galaxies from high above the earth's atmosphere which normally interferes with our view the telescope was extended out of an opening on the side of the aircraft. to publicize its research and get young people interested in his work nasa sometimes takes teachers on board. and did you see if a new star has just been formed. can't actually observe a star being born it's not like there's a bang and suddenly there's a star it takes hundreds of thousands of years before you can see anything but i could see a lot of stars a different stages in their development and i could compare them and say aha after twenty thousand years that's what a star looks like after one hundred thousand years like that and after two hundred

thousand like that so that gave me a sense of how a star develops over time. plan. if you saw a planet or several planets which one was your favorite. and this one for me was very very one planet neptune that the astronomers didn't find all that interesting but we thought it was really great to get to see neptune but what was especially exciting is that the magnification of the telescope also allowed us to see its largest moon triton on you'd never be able to see that with the kinds of telescopes we know from back home. but the students weren't just interested in science and new discoveries. did anything go really wrong on the flight or did something dramatic happen yes.

fortunately everything went smoothly there's a fear flying observatory returns. tomorrow the teacher will be back in germany bringing photos with him to school. teachers have a huge influence on the children in their care how you were taught in school often affects choices you make later in life we were curious about your learning experiences so we asked on facebook whether there was a teacher that really inspired you and in what way. for chris ryan's from the philippines school was a second home and he says it had a big impact on developing his skills he likes looking back on his early years in grade school. jonathan zealot from kenya remembers hearing that studying hard would one day allow him to buy an important product razorblades he didn't understand why at the time he was still young. koku my own career from pakistan told us about a math teacher who was a major inspiration he credits her with his love for members.

and his teacher wrote back saying she was glad to hear it and always did her best. then replied again saying his success in the subject had a lot to do with her encouraging smile. thanks to both of them and all the rest of you for sharing. it. with help from role models children can also make things happen pakistani activist malala use of science for example says she was inspired by her father and only ten felix finkbeiner from germany founded the plant the planet initiative with other kids he organized planting projects based on ideas propagated by one gallery matara . the nobel prize winning activist. and there are many other inspiring young people trying to make a difference let's meet one of them. more

than five billion tons of plastic trash now litter our oceans the debris has accumulated over more than half a century plastic just doesn't go away at the age of sixteen boy and slapped decided to tackle the problem eight years on ocean cleanup is becoming a reality the floating boom system devised to collect this debris was recently tote five hundred kilometers from the port where it was assembled pass prominent san francisco landmarks and out into the open ocean. after years of planning the twenty four year old dutchman finally wants to prove what his huge garbage catcher can really do you clean up the world's largest marine garbage dump the so-called great pacific garbage patch. one of the world's five major gyres is located between

hawaii and the coast of california the swirling circulating currents have brought together gigantic amounts of plastic waste. the garbage patch is believed to cover an area around four times the size of germany. the research found there is about eighteen million kilo of plastic rotating around it which constitutes to one point eight trillion pieces of plastic inside the growth of a garbage. slot has been thinking about this garbage patch for a long time he just couldn't get the idea of cleaning up the plastic waste out of his mind he raised money using crowd funding and drummed up support for his idea slat is now backed by a team of sixty five scientists. last week in the mine in twenty fifteen the clean up crew staged their first spectacular event carrying out their first waste

collection campaign thirty boat sailed parallel to each other moving through a clearly defined ocean patch my collection is rubbish the aim is to obtain reliable data on the actual level of plastic pollution for the first time flat steam collected enormous quantities of garbage but it wasn't enough a slat he wanted more second lecture the garbage patch in its entirety. how would you normally cross a large area where you would jump on an airplane so we thought well what if we actually got ourselves an airplane to do this. and that actually led to the first aerial reconnaissance mission of an ocean garbage patch ever. with the latest surveying technology on board experts were able to create a three dimensional image of the pacific dump which showed garbage floating meters deep in the sea. the floating boom construction looks simple

at first it's a six hundred metre long hard plastic with an apron attached at the bottom that reaches down three meters into the water it automatically creates a u. form when it's launched into the water. all the construction needs to work is the current the waves and the when the garbage itself will be shipped away for recycling the critics however see the construction as a danger to certain kinds of marine life. the whole thing is an ecosystem this is the surface of the ocean we're talking about not of deserts these organisms are important they have a function the goal of this initiative is to tackle this problem on a large scale this will kill off these organisms on a grand scale too but slut is hoping that the construction will move for gannett clean. through the water the idea here is that the construction drifts just like the plastic does. unfortunately the first few months at sea have shown that the

ocean cleanup needs more work the boom wasn't able to hold on to the plastic it trapped slauson is teen and now working on improving the system. that's it for now but join us again next time when we visit a researcher breaking down the math when large numbers of people try to flee in a single direction surprising results in crowd dynamics that and much more next time on tomorrow and today see you then.

it's one of the most hotly debated buildings in germany first there was the city prowess then the east german alice of the republic. after. german unification a decision was made. rebuild her limbs city palace was a standout project. for.

thirty minutes on w. . and during the supply chain reaction of protests. began around six hundred years ago. in the renaissance the revolution in flash enabled us many people became aware of their abilities and strengths in a new way there was an outpouring of self-confidence and mentions it's the first. such. cultural darkness to enjoy.

this week d.w. . some time in the twenty sixth. my great granddaughter. what would the world be like in your lifetime and around half a century. when i was born there were three people you'll share the planet with nine billion. your world be around two degrees more. evidently sea level rise by at least one during this century. we're going to have some climate impacts mature greater than what we see already. that's.

why are people more concerned. first on d w. this is g w news live from berlin spain's socialist when the country's divisive general election the prime minister pedro sanchez his party is well short of scoring a majority and the far right will enter parliament for the first time in decades of the country's politics on the verge of splintering we'll go live to madrid. also on the show torrential rains and flooding strike mozambique just days after psych long

can as the floodwaters claim more lives of many areas are cut off from rescue.